International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET) Volume 2 Issue2 pp 079-083 May 2013 www.ijsret.

org ISSN 2278 0882

Performance Analysis of Triangular Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna by Increasing Substrate Thickness
Paritosh Kumar1, Beena2, Munna Singh Kushwaha3, R.K.Prasad4 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering Madan Mohan Malaviya Engineering College Gorakhpur (U.P) 1,2,3 M.tech (Electronics and Communication, M.M.M. Engineering College) 4 Associate Prof. (Electronics and Communication, M.M.M. Engineering College) paritosh_62@yahoo.co.in, beenak641@gmail.com, munnasinghkushwaha.92@gmail.com, rkp.sikarpur@gmail.com ABSTRACTThis paper includes design and analysis of Triangular shaped Micro strip patch antenna by varying substrate thickness with IE3D software version 15.2 to obtain respective parameter. We take rectangular ground plane having dimension 50x70mm and patch size of 30x50mm. The substrate thickness of antenna is now increased to see the variation in the bandwidth and it is found to be in increasing order. The bandwidth of antenna with substrate thickness of 4mm is found to be maximum. The obtained percentage fractional bandwidth of antenna with substrate thickness 4mm is 32.96% at 2.66 GHz resonant frequency band and gain is about 4.60 dBi at 2.87 GHz frequency band. The required directivity is 5.07 dBi at 2.87 GHz. Antenna efficiency is about 89% and radiation efficiency is about 100%. This antenna is best suited for most of Wireless applications. Keywords: Triangular shaped rectangular Microstrip patch antenna; Bandwidth; VSWR; return loss; coaxial feeding techniques. proved to be a challenge for engineers to meet high data rate for various broadband application. This paper includes analysis of triangular shaped microstrip patch antenna by varying its substrate thickness and analysing its bandwidth in single frequency band which increases when the value of substrate thickness is increased.

2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The research methodology includes design of triangle shape antenna designed by taking triangular patch and varying the value of substrate thickness. Further coaxial probe feeding method is used to feed the antenna, and by varying the probe location we are aiming to find optimum result in terms of bandwidth, gain and efficiency [5-15]. For this we are using IE3D simulation software and analyze different parameters with the help of this software.

3. ANTENNA DESIGN
The antenna is designed with dielectric constant of 4.2 and loss tangent of 0.0013. The substrate thickness of antenna is now increased to analyze the variation in bandwidth. The variation in thickness of antenna increases the current path which increases current intensity as a result efficiency and bandwidth is increased. The dimension of the designed antenna structure is shown in Table 1. Table 1: Dimension of the designed antenna Parameter Ground Patch Size in mm 5070 mm 3050 mm

1. INTRODUCTION
Antenna acts like a resonant circuit which converts electrostatic energy into electromagnetic energy and vice versa. There are many conventional antennas like Yagi-Uda, Helical and Horn which have high gain and bandwidth but they have typical 3D structure and also large size that is not suitable for wireless system. Microstrip antenna plays a major role in wireless communication. It has many advantages such as low profile, compactness, easy to fabricate, easy installation, low cost etc but it has a major disadvantage of narrow bandwidth which

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International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET) Volume 2 Issue2 pp 079-083 May 2013 www.ijsret.org ISSN 2278 0882
The design of the triangular patch microstrip patch antenna is shown below.

50mm

30 mm

50 mm 50 mm

Figure (4): Triangular Shape Microstrip Antenna of substrate thickness 4 mm

Figure (1): Triangular Shape Microstrip Antenna of substrate thickness 1.6 mm

4. ANTENNA RESULT
The minimum value of return loss is -10 dBi which is clearly shown in figure. For bandwidth calculation of microstrip patch antenna following formula is used:

70mm

Bandwidth% = (fH- fL/fC)*100 Where, fH = Higher frequency fL = Lower frequency

50mm

30 mm

fC = Central frequency = fH + fL /2 1. Result and Discussion of Triangular Shaped Microstrip Antenna with Substrate Thickness 1.6mm:- The return loss graph for triangular shape antenna of thickness 1.6 mm with probe position of (32.425, 10) is shown below(Fig 5):

50 mm

Figure (2): Triangular Shape Microstrip Antenna of substrate thickness 2.4 mm

30 mm

50 mm

50mm

70mm

Figure (3): Triangular Shape Microstrip Antenna of substrate thickness 3.2 mm

Figure (5): Return loss Vs Frequency for Antenna of Substrate Thickness of 1.6mm.

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70mm

International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET) Volume 2 Issue2 pp 079-083 May 2013 www.ijsret.org ISSN 2278 0882
Calculation of Bandwidth: fH = 1.97076 GHz fL = 1.61988 GHz fC = 1.79532 GHz Bandwidth %= 19.54% The VSWR must be below two for the defined band and it can be observed from Fig. 6 that it is below two. The VSWR graph for triangular shape antenna of thickness 1.6 mm is shown below: Calculation of Bandwidth: fH = 2.31579 GHz fL = 1.77193 GHz fC = 2.04386 GHz Bandwidth %= 26.61% The VSWR must be below two for the defined band and it can be observed from Fig. 8 that it is below two. The VSWR graph for triangular shape antenna of thickness 2.4 mm is shown below:

Figure (6): VSWR vs Frequency Graph for Antenna of Substrate Thickness of 1.6mm.

Figure (8): VSWR vs Frequency Graph for Antenna of Substrate Thickness of 2.4 mm.

2.

Result and Discussion of microstrip antenna with substrate thickness 2.4mm:- The return loss graph for triangular shape antenna of thickness 2.4 mm with probe position of (35.675, 10) is shown below (Fig. 7):

3.

Result and Discussion of microstrip antenna with substrate thickness 3.2mm:- The return loss graph for triangular shape antenna of thickness 2.4 mm with probe position of (37.0798, 19.7339) is shown below (Fig. 9):

Figure (7): Return loss Vs Frequency for Antenna of Substrate Thickness of 2.4 mm.

Figure (9): Return loss Vs Frequency for Antenna of Substrate Thickness of 3.2 mm.

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International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET) Volume 2 Issue2 pp 079-083 May 2013 www.ijsret.org ISSN 2278 0882

Calculation of Bandwidth: fH = 1.33918 GHz fL = 1.83041 GHz fC = 1.584795 GHz Bandwidth %= 30.99% The VSWR must be below two for the defined band and it can be observed from Fig. 10 that it is below two. The VSWR graph for triangular shape antenna of thickness 3.2 mm is shown below:

Calculation of Bandwidth: fH = 2.08114 GHz fL = 2.90264 GHz fC = 2.49189 GHz Bandwidth %= 32.96 % The VSWR must be below two for the defined band and it can be observed from Fig. 12 that it is below two. The VSWR graph for triangular shape antenna of thickness 4 mm is shown below:

Figure (12): VSWR vs Frequency Graph for Antenna of Substrate Thickness of 4 mm. Figure (10): VSWR vs Frequency Graph for Antenna of Substrate Thickness of 3.2 mm. 4. Result and Discussion of microstrip antenna with substrate thickness 4mm:- The return loss graph for triangular shape antenna of thickness 4 mm with probe position of (30.025, 10) is shown below (Fig. 11): Analysing the Total Field Gain Vs Frequency curve shown in Fig. 13 we can clearly say that the antenna gain is nearly 4.60 dBi, which is very useful for various applications including wireless application.

Figure (11): Return loss Vs Frequency for Antenna of Substrate Thickness of 4 mm.

Fig. 13: Gain Vs frequency for Antenna of Thickness 4 mm

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International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET) Volume 2 Issue2 pp 079-083 May 2013 www.ijsret.org ISSN 2278 0882
The efficiency is generally calculated in terms of antenna efficiency and radiation efficiency. Analysing the efficiency curve shown in Fig. 14 it can be clearly observed that the designed antenna structure provides an antenna efficiency of 89% and radiation efficiency of 100%. is found to be in increasing order. The summary of the bandwidth variation is shown below (Table 2): Table 2: Bandwidth of antenna with different substrate thickness S.No. 1. 2. 3. 4. Substrate Thickness (in mm) 1.6 2.4 3.2 4 Bandwidth (In %) 19.54 26.61 30.99 32.96

The antenna with substrate thickness of 4 mm provides good result in terms of bandwidth and other parameters so it can be used in wireless application with good gain, directivity and efficiency. REFERENCES Fig. 14: Antenna and Radiation Efficiency of Antenna of Substrate Thickness 4mm Analysing the directivity curve shown in Fig. 15 it can be observed that the designed antenna structure provides a good directivity of 5.07 dBi.

[1]

C.A. Balanis, Antenna Theory Analysis and Design, Second edition: John Wiley and Sons, Inc, 1997. Neenansha Jain, Anubhuti Khare, Rajesh Nema, E-Shape Micro Strip Patch Antenna on Different Thickness for Pervasive Wireless Communication, International Journal Computer Science and Application, Vol.2, No.4, pp.117-123, 2011. Kin Lu Wong, Compact and Broadband Microsrtrip Antenna, John Wiley & Sons, 2002. K. Jagadeesh Babu, A Modified E Shaped Patch Antenna for MIMO Systems, International Journal on Computer Science and Engineering, Vol. 02, No.07, pp.24272430, 2010. Dinesh yadav, L-slotted Rectangular Microstrip Patch Pntenna, International Conference on Communication System and Network Technologies, pp. 220-223, 2011 Masoud Sabaghi, S.Reza Hadianamrei M. Reza Kouchaki, M. sadat miri, C Band Wideband Single Patch E-Shaped Compact Microstrip Antenna, International Journal of Science and Advanced Technology (ISSN 2221-8386) Volume 1 No 9, p.p. 59-63, November 2011.

[2]

[3]

[4]

Fig. 15: Directivity vs Frequency Graph of Antenna of Substrate Thickness 4mm

[5]

5.

CONCLUSION

[6]

A Triangular shaped antenna is designed and simulated over IE3D simulation software Ver. 15.2. The substrate used for the designing purpose has dielectric constant 4.2, loss tangent 0.0013. The substrate thickness of antenna is now increased to analyze the variation in bandwidth and the bandwidth

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