Bai Tap Suc Ben Vat Lieu

Noi lc Khoa Xay Dng & C Hoc ng Dung
Bai tap sc ben vat lieu trang 1 03/2013

Chng 02
NOI LC

I) TOM TAT LY THUYET
1.1. Cac thanh phan noi lc tren mat cat ngang

Phng phap mat cat xac nh no i lc: gia s ta co mot vat the can bang di tac dung
cua ngoai lc
( )
i
P
. e xac nh noi lc tren mat cat ngang cha iem C thuoc vat the ta
tng tng co mot mat phang ( ) qua iem C va cat vat the thanh hai phan ( ) A va
( ) B nh hnh 2.1. Xet s can bang cua mot phan, v du phan ( ) A . Phan ( ) A c can
bang nh noi lc cua phan ( ) B tac dung len phan ( ) A . Noi lc nay phan bo bat k tren
mat cat va hp lc cua noi lc nay can bang vi ngoai lc tac dung len phan ( ) A ang
xet. Tng t neu ta xet s can bang cua phan ( ) B th phan ( ) A cung tac dung len phan
( ) B cac noi lc tng t nhng ngc chieu nh hnh 2.1.
Thu gon he noi lc ve tam mat cat ta c mot vec t chnh noi lc R va mot mo men
chnh noi lc M nh hnh 2.2.

Hnh 2.2. Hp cua noi lc tren mat cat
a)
1
P
2
P
3
P
R
M
C
( ) A
4
P
1 n
P
n
P
M
R
C
( ) B
I
Hnh 2.1. Phng phap mat cat va noi lc.
C
II
1
P
2
P
3
P
4
P
1 n
P
n
P
1
P
2
P
3
P
4
P
1 n
P
n
P
( ) A
( ) B


Xet bai toan thanh: at he truc toa o tai trong tam mat cat, truc ( ) z trung vi phap
tuyen cua mat cat, cac truc , x y cung vi truc z tao thanh mot tam die n thuan.
Chieu vec t chnh noi lc R va mo men chnh noi lc M len cac truc toa o ta c
sau thanh phan noi lc nh hnh 2.3:
- Lc doc
z
N lam thanh chu keo_nen ung tam.
- Lc cat ,
x y
Q Q lam thanh chu cat.
- Mo men uon ,
x y
M M lam thanh chu uon.
- Mo men xoan
z
M lam thanh chu xoan.

1.2. Xac nh cac thanh phan noi lc tren mat cat ngang
Khi at sau thanh phan noi lc vao mat cat th phan ( ) A tr nen can bang (ngoai lc
tac dung len phan ( ) A can bang vi sau thanh phan noi lc at tren mat cat). S dung sau
phng trnh can bang tnh hoc ta co the xac nh c tr so, chieu cua sau thanh phan noi
lc nay:
( )
( )
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
n
z i
x
i
n
y i
y
i
n
x i
x
i
n
x x i
i
n
y y i
i
N P
Q P
Q P
M m P
M m P
=
=
=
=
=
+ =
+ =
+ =
+ =
+ =
(2.1)
Hnh 2.3. Cac thanh phan noi lc
1
P
2
P
n
P
y
x
z
z
N
y
Q
x
Q
x
M
z
M
y
M
( ) A
C


( )
1
0
n
z z i
i
M m P
=
+ =

1.3. Quan he gia cac thanh phan noi lc vi cac thanh phan ng suat
- Lc doc:
z z
F
N dF =
}
(2.2)
- Lc cat :
x zx
F
y zy
F
Q dF
Q dF
}
}
(2.3)
- Momen uon:
x z
F
y z
F
M ydF
M xdF
}
}
(2.4)
- Momen xoan:
( )
z zx zy
F
M y x dF =
}
(2.5)

Hnh 2.4. Cac thanh phan noi lc
1
P
2
P
3
P
y
x
z
z
N
y
Q
x
Q
x
M
z
M
y
M
( ) A
x
y z
zy
zx


1.4. Qui c dau cua cac thanh phan noi lc
Nh hnh 2.5
- Lc doc :
z
N hng ra mat cat (keo) la dng.
- Lc cat: ,
x y
Q Q co xu hng lam cho phan ang xet quay cung chieu kim ong
ho la dng.
- Momen uon: ,
x y
M M lam cang (keo) phan ben di la dng.
- Momen xoan: khi nhn vao mat cat thay
z
M quay cung chieu kim ong ho la
dng.

V du 1: Xac nh cac thanh phan noi lc tren mat cat ngang tai B cua dam chu lc
nh hnh 2.6 a.

- Bc 1 xac nh phan lc lien ket tai ngam A: at cac phan lc lien ket tai A
nh hnh 2.6 b, s dung ieu kien can bang tnh hoc e xac nh cac thanh phan
phan lc nay.
Hnh 2.5. Chieu dng cua noi lc.
0
z
N >
0
y
Q >
0
x
M >
0
z
M >
a 2a
A B
C
Hnh 2.6
q
2
M qa =
a 2a
A B
C
q
2
M qa =
A
Y
A
M
A
A
Y
A
M
x
M
y
Q
a
2a
B
C
q
2
M qa =
y
Q
x
M
) a
) b
) c ) d
1
1
z
y
A
Z
B
z
N
z
N


2 2
0 .2 .2 0 5
0 .2 0 2
0 0
A A A
y A A
z A
m M q a a qa M qa
F Y q a Y qa
F Z
= + + = =
= + = =
= =

- Bc 2 dung mat cat 1 1 qua B cat dam thanh hai phan AB va BC . Gia s
dam chu lc trong mat phang ( ) yz , at cac thanh phan noi lc tng ng vao
hai phan nh hnh 2.6 c va 2.6 d. Xet mot trong hai phan, gia s xet phan ben
trai nh hnh 2.6 c. S dung ieu kien can bang tnh hoc e xac nh cac thanh
phan noi lc nay:
2
0 0 2
0 0
0 . 0 3
y A y y A
z z
B A A x x
F Y Q Q Y qa
F N
m M Y a M M qa
= + = = =
= =
= + = =

Neu xet phan ben phai nh hnh 2.6 d ta c:
2 2
0 .2 0 2
0 0
0 .2 . 0 3
y y y
z z
B x x
F Q q a Q qa
F N
m M q a a qa M qa
= + = =
= =
= + + = =

V du 2: Cho cot AB co kch thc, lien ket va chu lc nh hnh 2.7a. Xac nh cac
thanh phan noi lc tren mat cat tai A cua cot.

at ca c thanh phan noi lc vao mat cat tai A nh hnh 2.7 b. S dung ieu kien can
bang tnh hoc e xac nh cac thanh phan phan lc nay.
Hnh 2.7
0, 5m
2
100 / q kN m =
1
50 / q kN m =
A
B
0, 5m
A
B
x
M
y
Q
z
N
1
R
2
R
0, 5
3
m
0, 5
2
m
( )
1
2
50.0, 5 25
1
100 50 .0,5 12,5
2
R kN
R kN
= =
= =
1
50 / q kN m =
2
100 / q kN m =
) a ) b


1 2 1 2
1 2
0 0 25 12, 5 37, 5
0 0
0, 5 0, 5 25
0 . . 0 .
2 3 3
y y y
z z
A x x
F Q R R Q R R kN
F N
m M R R M kN m
= = = + = + =
= =
= = =

V du 3: Cho khung ABCDE co kch thc, lien ket va chu lc nh hnh 2.8a. Xac
nh cac thanh phan noi lc tren cac mat cat 1 1, 2 2, 3 3, 4 4 .

- Bc 1 xac nh phan lc lien ket tai ngam A: at cac phan lc lien ket tai A
nh hnh 2.8 b, s dung ieu kien can bang tnh hoc e xac nh cac thanh phan
phan lc nay.
2 2
1
0 3 . 2 .2 . . 0
2 2
0 3 . 0 4
0 2 0 2
A A A
y A A
x A A
a
m M qa a qa qa a q a M qa
F Y qa q a Y qa
F X qa X qa
= + + = =
= = =
= + = =

C
Hnh 2.8
q
2
M qa =
A
3 P qa =
a
) a
) c
) d
B
D
E
2 P qa =
a
a
a
C
q
2
M qa =
A
3 P qa =
a
) b
B
D
E
2 P qa =
a
a
a
A
M
1 1
2
2
3 3
4
4
2
z
1
z
3
z
4
z
A
X
A
Y
A
Y
1
y
Q
1
x
M
1
z
N
A
X
1
z
A
M
1 1
C
2
M qa =
3 P qa =
2
x
M
2
y
Q
2
z
2
q
D
E
2 P qa =
3
3
z
3
y
Q
3
x
M
a
q
E
4
4
z
4
y
Q
4
x
M
) e ) f
3
Z
N


- Bc 2 dung mat cat 1 1 cat khung thanh hai phan, xet phan ben di. at cac
thanh phan noi lc tng ng vao mat cat 1 1 nh hnh 2.8 c. S dung ieu kien
can bang tnh hoc e xac nh cac thanh phan noi lc nay:
1 1
1 1
1 1
2
1 1 1 1
0 0 2
0 0 4
1
0 . 0 2 .
2
y A y y A
z A z z A
A A x x
F X Q Q X qa
F Y N N Y qa
m M X z M M qa qa z
= + = = =
= = = =
= = =

Tng t cho cac mat cat khac nh hnh 2.8d,e,f, ta co c cac thanh phan noi
lc:
2 2
3 3 3
4 4
2
2
2
3
2
4 4
3 ; 3 .
1
2 ; ; 2 .
2
1
. ; .
2
y x
y z x
y x
Q qa M qa qa z
Q qa N qa M qa z qa
Q q z M q z
= = +
= = = +
= =

V du 4: Moc ch U co kch thc va chu lc nh hnh 2.9 a. Xac nh cac thanh
phan noi lc tren mat cat A A .
Dung mat cat A A cat chi tiet thanh hai phan, xet phan di. at he truc toa o va
cac thanh phan noi lc tng ng nh hnh 2.9 b. S dung ieu kien can bang tnh hoc e
xac nh cac thanh phan phan lc nay.
0 0
0 0
0 .6 0 6
x x
z z z
y y y
F Q
F N P N P
m M P b M Pb
= =
= = =
= + = =

z
x
x
y
z
N
y
M
C
P
b
b
2b
4b
A A
AA
Hnh 2.9
) a
) b
x
Q
q


V du 5: Truc AE c tren hai o lan tai , A E , lien ket, chu lc nh hnh 2.10a.
Xac nh cac thanh phan noi lc tren mat cat tai O.

- Bc 1: v truc oi xng nen 2
A B
Y Y P = = .
- Bc 2: Dung mat cat tai O cat truc lam hai phan, xet phan ben trai. at he truc
toa o va cac thanh phan noi lc vao mat cat ta i O nh hnh 2.10c. s dung cac
phng trnh can bang ta xac nh c cac thanh phan noi lc:
( ) ( )
0 2 0
0 0
0 2 . 0 2
y y y
z z z
x x x
F P P Q Q P
m M M M M
m P z P z a M M Pz P z a
= + = =
= = =
= + + = =

V du 6: Truc AB ngam tai A, au B c han vuong goc vi thanh BC va chu lc
nh hnh 2.11a. Xac nh cac thanh phan noi lc tren mat cat tai A.

Xet mat cat tai A, at he truc toa o va cac thanh phan noi lc vao mat cat tai A nh
hnh 2.11b. s dung cac phng trnh can bang ta xac nh c cac thanh phan noi lc:
1m
0, 3m
A
B
C
150 P kN =
1m
0, 3m
A
B
C
150 P kN =
z
y
x
y
Q
z
M
x
M
Hnh 2.11
) a
) b
z
y
x
z
M
x
M
A
y
Q
150 P kN =
B
C
1m
0, 3m
Hnh 2.10
M
2M M
a 2a 2a a
P
2P
P
A
B
C D
E
z
O
M
2M M
a 2a 2a a
P
2P
P
A
B
C
D
E
z
O
A
Y
E
Y
M
P
A
B
z
O
2
A
Y P =
x
z
y
x
M
z
M
y
Q
) a
) b ) c
a


0 150 0 150
0 150.0, 3 0 45 .
0 150.1 0 150 .
y y y
z z z
x x x
F Q Q kN
m M M kN m
m M M kN m
= + = =
= = =
= = =

1.5. Bieu o noi lc
1.5.1. nh ngha
Bieu o noi lc la o th mo ta qui luat phan bo noi lc doc theo truc thanh.
oan chu lc: la oan ma tren o ham so xac nh noi lc la mot ham lien tuc.
Cach chia oan chu lc: khi co s thay oi ve lc, lien ket ta phai tien hanh chia
oan chu lc mi.
1.5.2. Ve bieu o noi lc bang phng phap mat cat bien thie n
Trong moi oan chu lc ta s dung mot mat cat e thiet lap cac ham noi lc cho tng
oan, sau o ve cac ham so nay len he truc ta c s phan bo noi lc doc theo tru c thanh.
V du 7: Ve bieu o noi lc phat sinh trong dam nh hnh 2.13 a.

- Bc 1 giai phong lien ket tai , A B va at cac phan lc lien ket tng ng nh
hnh 2.12 b.
2
2
3
0 .2 . 2 .2 .3 0
2
3
0 .2 .2 . 2 . 0
2
A B B
B A A
m q a a qa Y a qa a Y qa
m Y a q a a qa qa a Y qa
= + = =
= + = =

- Bc 2 thiet lap bieu thc tnh noi lc trong hai oan , AB BC
Dung mat cat 1 1 cat dam lam hai phan, xet phan ben trai va at ca c thanh phan
noi lc tng ng nh hnh 2.12 c.
2
2 M qa =
q
A
B
P qa =
C
2a a
2
2 M qa =
q
A
B
P qa =
C
2a a
A
Y
B
Y
q
A
1
1
z
A
Y y
Q
x
M
P qa =
2
z
2
y
Q
x
M
C
3
2
qa
1
2
qa
qa
2
9
8
qa
2
qa
2
qa
( ) y
Q
( ) + ( ) +
( )
( ) +
( )
( )
x
M
) a ) b
) c
) d
Hnh 2.12
1
1
2
2
1
0 2 z a s s
2
0 z a s s


1 1
2
1 1
1 1 1 1
3
0 . 0 .
2
3
0 . . . 0 .
2 2 2
y A y y
A x x
F Y q z Q Q qa q z
z z
m Y z q z M M qa z q
= = =
= = =

Ta thay tren oan AB
y
Q la ham bac nhat, the
1
0 z = va
1
2 z a = ta ve c bieu o
y
Q tren oan AB . Ham
x
M la ham bac hai nen i tm cc tr va khao sat s loi,
lom cua o th
1 1
1
3 3
0
2 2
x
M
qa qz z a
z
c
= = =
c
, tai
1
3
2
z a = ham
x
M at cc tr.
2
2
1
0
x
M
q
z
c
= <
c
ham
x
M loi.
Tng t dung mat cat 2 2 cat dam lam hai phan, xet phan ben phai va at ca c
thanh phan noi lc tng ng nh hnh 2.10 d.

2 2 2
0 0
0 . 0 .
y y y
x x
F Q P Q qa
m M P z M qa z
= = =
= + = =

Ta thay tren oan BC
y
Q la ham hang so,
x
M la ham bac nhat nen the the
2
0 z =
va
2
z a = ta ve c o th
y
Q ,
x
M tren oan BC nh hnh ve.
V du 8: Ve bieu o noi lc phat sinh trong cot chu lc nh hnh 2.13 a.

- Bc 1: giai phong lien ket tai ngam A va at phan lc lien ket tng ng nh
hnh 2.13 b. 0 3 2 .4 0 9
z A A
F qa qa q a N N qa = + = =
.
P qa =
3P
P
q
3a
a
A
B
C
Hnh 2.13
3qa
4qa
6qa
9qa
( )
z
N
( )
( )
3P
P
q
3a
a
A
B
C
A
N
P qa =
1 1
1
z
2 2
2
z
A
A
N
1 1
1
z
q
1
z
N
C
3P
2 2
2
z
q
2
z
N
) a ) b
) c
) d
) e


- Bc 2: thiet lap bieu thc tnh noi lc trong hai oan , AB BC : tren oan AB
dung mat cat 1 1 cach A mot oan
1
z ca t cot lam hai phan, xet phan di nh
hnh 2.13c va at noi lc tng ng vao mat cat. Tng t, tren oan BC dung
mat cat 2 2 cach C mot oan
2
z cat cot lam hai phan, xet phan tren nh hnh
2.13d va at noi lc tng ng vao mat cat. S dung cac phng trnh can bang
ta xac nh c:
1
1 1
9 (0 3 )
Z
N qz qa z a = s s ,
1
Z
N la ham bac nhat.
2
2 2
3 (0 )
Z
N qa qz z a = s s ,
2
Z
N la ham bac nhat.
V du9: Ve bieu o noi lc phat sinh trong truc chu lc nh hnh 2.14 a.

- Bc 1: giai phong lien ket tai ngam A va at phan lc lien ket tng ng nh
hnh 2.14 b. 0 6 .2 0 3
z A A
m M ma m a ma M ma = + + = =
.
- Bc 2: thiet lap bieu thc tnh noi lc trong hai oan , AB BC : tren oan AB
dung mat cat 1 1 cach A mot oan
1
z cat truc lam hai phan, xet phan ben trai
nh hnh 2.14c va at noi lc tng ng vao mat cat. Tng t, tren oan BC
dung mat cat 2 2 cach C mot oan
2
z cat cot lam hai phan, xet phan ben
phai nh hnh 2.14d va at noi lc tng ng vao mat cat. S dung cac phng
trnh can bang ta xac nh c:
1
1
3 (0 )
Z
M ma z a = s s ,
1
Z
M hang so tren oan AB .
2
2 2
(0 2 )
Z
M ma mz z a = + s s , la ham bac nhat
2
Z
M .
M ma =
2a
6M
A
B
C
m
M ma =
2a
6M
A
B
C
m A
M
ma
3ma
3ma
( ) +
( )
( )
z
M
Hnh 2.14
a
a
) a
) b
) e
A
M
1
Z
M
1
z
A
1
C
m
M ma =
2
Z
M
2
z
2
) c
) d
1
1
2
2


1.5.3. Ve bieu o noi lc bang phng phap ve nhanh.

Lien he vi phan gia momen uon, lc cat va tai trong ngang pha n bo
Xet dam chu uon phang trong mat phang ( ) yz vi tai trong la ca c lc tap trung, lc phan
bo va ngau lc tap trung nh hnh 2.15. Dung hai mat cat 1 1 va 2 2 tach t oan chu
lc phan bo BC mot phan to chieu dai dz va at cac thanh phan noi lc tng ng vao hai
mat cat nh hnh 2.16a.
( )
0 0 ( )
y
y y y y
dQ
F Q Q dQ qdz q z
dz
= + + = =
(2.6)
Nhan xet 1: bieu o lc cat hn bieu o tai trong phan bo mot bac.
Tch phan hai ve bieu thc (2.6):
C
C
C B
y y y q
B
B
dQ qdz Q Q S = = +
} }
(2.7)
Nhan xet 2: khi i t trai qua phai, lc cat cuoi oan bang lc cat au oan cong
hp lc phan bo tren oan o (hp lc phan bo hng le n dng, hng xuong a m).
2
2 x x x y
.( )
0 M - (M dM ) Q dz 0
2
q dz
m = + + + =
, bo qua ai lng vo cung be

bac cao
2
( ) dz ta c:
y
x
Q
dz
dM
= (2.8)
Nhan xet 3: bieu o mo men uon hn bieu o lc cat mot bac. Neu trong nhng
oan mo men uon co bac hai, mo men uo n at cc tr tai nhng iem co 0
y
Q = .
y
C
C
C B
x y x x Q
B
B
dM Q dz M M S = = +
} }
(2.9)
Nhan xet 4: khi i t trai qua phai, mo men uo n cuoi oan bang mo men uon a u
oan cong dien tch bieu o lc cat tren oan o.
Lien he gia momen uon, lc cat va tai trong ngang tap trung

Hnh 2.15 Dam chu lc
dz
dz
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
( ) q z
M
P
z
y
B C D


Dung hai mat cat 3 3 va 4 4 tach t dam hai ben D mot phan to chieu dai dz va at
cac thanh phan noi lc tng ng vao hai mat cat nh hnh 2.16b.
0 0
t p p t
y y y y y
F Q P Q Q Q P = + = = +
(2.10)
Nhan xet 5: khi i t trai qua pha i ne u tren s o tnh co lc tap trung bie u o lc
cat co bc nhay, gia tr buc nhay ba ng gia tr lc tap trung, chieu bc nhay cung
chieu vi lc tap trung.
0 . . 0
2 2
t t p p
D y x y x
dz dz
m Q M M Q M = + + + =
, bo qua thanh phan vo cung be bac cao

ta c:
p t
x x
M M M = + (2.11)
Nhan xe t 6: khi i t tra i qua phai ne u tren s o tnh co ngau lc tap trung bie u o
mo men uon co bc nhay, gia tr buc nhay bang gia tr ngau lc tap trung, nhay
xuong khi ngau lc quay cung chieu kim ong ho, nhay len cho trng hp ngc lai.
Lien he gia lc doc va cac tai trong doc.

Dung hai mat cat 1 1 va 2 2 tach t oan chu lc phan bo BC mot phan to chieu dai
dz va at cac thanh phan noi lc tng ng vao hai mat cat nh hnh 2.17b.
0 . 0
z
z z z z
dN
F N q dz N dN q
dz
= + + = =
(2.12)
Nhan xet 7: bieu o lc doc hn bieu o tai trong phan bo mot bac.
Hnh 2.16 Lien he gia tai trong ngang va noi lc
dz
q
y
Q
x
M
y y
Q dQ +
x x
M dM +
1
1 2
2
) a
3
3 4
4
t
y
Q
t
x
M
p
y
Q
p
x
M
) b
D
M
P
dz
Hnh 2.17: Lien he gia tai trong doc va noi lc.
2
2
1
1
( ) q z q
P
z
N
z z
N dN +
dz
dz
1
1
2
2
B C D
) a ) b
t
z
N p
z
N
dz
3
3
4
4
) c
P
D
3
3
4
4


C
C
C B
z z z q
B
B
dN qdz N N S = = +
} }
(2.13)
Nhan xe t 8: lc doc cuoi oan bang lc doc au oan cong hp lc phan bo tre n
oan o (hp lc phan bo gay keo dng, gay nen am).
Dung hai mat cat 3 3 va 4 4 tach t thanh hai ben D mot phan to chieu dai dz va
at cac thanh phan noi lc tng ng vao hai mat cat nh hnh 2.17c.
0 0
t p p t
z z z z z
F N P N N N P = + = = +
(2.14)
Nhan xet 9: ne u tre n s o tnh co lc tap trung bieu o lc doc co bc nhay, gia
tr bc nhay bang gia tr lc tap trung, nhay ve pha dng khi lc gay keo, nhay ve
pha am khi lc gay nen.
Lien he gia momen xoan va cac tai trong momen xoan.

Dung hai mat cat 1 1 va 2 2 tach t oan chu tai phan bo BC mot phan to chieu dai
dz va at cac thanh phan noi lc tng ng vao hai mat cat nh hnh 2.18b.
0 . 0
z
z z z z
dM
m M dM mdz M m
dz
= + = =
(2.15)
Nhan xet 10: bie u o mo men xoan hn bieu o tai trong phan bo mot bac.
C
C
C B
z z z m
B
B
dM mdz M M S = = +
} }
(2.16)
Nhan xet 11:mo men xoa n cuoi oan ba ng mo men xoa n au oa n cong hp nga u
lc phan bo tre n oan o (hp mo men xoan lc phan bo cung chie u kim o ng ho
dng, ngc chieu kim ong ho am).
Dung hai mat cat 3 3 va 4 4 tach t thanh hai ben D mot phan to chieu dai dz va
at cac thanh phan noi lc tng ng vao hai mat cat nh hnh 2.18c.
0 0
t p p t
z z z z z
m M M M M M M = + = = +
(2.14)
Nhan xet 12: neu tren s o tnh co mo men xoan tap trung bieu o mo men xoa n
co bc nhay, gia tr bc nhay bang gia tr ngau lc tap trung, nhay ve pha dng
khi ngau lc cung chieu kim o ng ho, nhay ve pha a m khi ngau lc quay ngc chieu
kim ong ho.
Hnh 2.18: Lien he gia momen tai trong va noi lc.
2
2
1
1
dz
z z
M dM +
z
M
( ) m z
m
1
1
2
2
dz
p
z
M
1
1
2
2
dz
t
z
M
3
3
4
4 B C
D
M M
D
) a ) b ) c


V du 10: Ve bieu o noi lc phat sinh trong cot chu nen ung tam nh hnh 2.20.

- Phan lc lien ket tai ngam A: 0 .4 2 3 0 9
z A A
F N q a qa qa N qa = = =

- Tai C co lc tap trung 3 3 P qa = gay nen nen bieu o
z
N co bc nhay ve pha
am (ben trai) mot oan bang 3qa t v tr khong thuoc ng chuan.
- Noi lc pha tren cua mat cat tai B ( ) . 3 4
B C
z z
tren
N N q a qa qa qa = + = =
- Tai B co lc tap trung 2 2 P qa = gay nen nen bieu o
z
N co bc nhay ve pha
am (ben trai) mot oan bang 2qa t gia tr 4qa nen
z
N pha di mat cat
tai B co gia tr 4 2 6 qa qa qa = .
- Noi lc pha tren cua mat cat tai A:
( ) .3 6 3 9
A B
z z
tren duoi
- Tai A co lc tap trung 9
A
N qa = gay keo nen bieu o
z
N co bc nhay ve pha
dng (ben phai) mot oan bang 9qa t gia tr 9qa nen
z
N pha di mat cat
tai A co gia tr 9 9 0 qa qa + = .
V du11: Ve bieu o noi lc phat sinh trong cot chu nen ung tam nh hnh 2.20.
P qa =
3P
P
q
3a
a
A
B
C
Hnh 2.19
3qa
4qa
6qa
9qa
( )
z
N
( )
( )
3P
P
q
3a
a
A
B
C
A
N
P qa =
Cach ve bieu o noi lc trong thanh chu keo-ne n ung tam:
- Bieu o lc doc hn bieu o tai trong phan bo mot bac.
- Neu tren s o tnh co lc tap trung bieu o lc doc co bc nhay, gia tr
bc nhay bang gia tr lc tap trung, nhay ve pha dng khi lc gay keo, nhay
ve pha am khi lc gay nen.
- Lc doc cuoi oan bang lc doc au oan cong hp lc phan bo tren oan
o (hp lc phan bo gay keo dng, gay nen am).


- Phan lc lien ket tai ngam A: 0 .3 5 0
z A A
F N q a qa qa N qa = + = =

- Tai C co lc tap trung P qa = gay nen nen bieu o
z
N co bc nhay ve pha
am (ben trai) mot oan bang qa t v tr 0 thuoc ng chuan.
- Noi lc pha tren cua mat cat tai B 0
B C C
z z z
tren duoi duoi
N N N qa = + = = (oan
BC khong co tai phan bo nen
z
N hang so).
- Tai B co lc tap trung 5 5 P qa = gay keo nen bieu o
z
N co bc nhay ve pha
dng (ben phai) mot oan bang 5qa t gia tr qa nen
z
N pha di mat cat
tai B co gia tr 5 4 qa qa qa + = .
- Noi lc pha tren cua mat cat tai A: ( ) .3 4 3
A B
z z
tren duoi
- Tai A co lc tap trung
A
N qa = gay nen nen bieu o
z
N co bc nhay ve pha
am (ben trai) mot oan bang qa t gia tr qa nen
z
N pha di mat cat tai A co
gia tr 0 qa qa = .

Cach ve bieu o noi lc trong truc chu xoan:
- Bieu o momen xoan hn bieu o tai trong phan bo mot bac.
- Neu tren s o tnh co ngau lc tap trung bieu o momen xoan co bc nhay,
gia tr bc nhay bang gia tr ngau lc tap trung, nhay ve pha dng khi nhn
vao mat cat thay ngau lc quay cung chieu kim ong ho, nhay ve pha am cho
trng hp ngc lai.
- Momen xoan cuoi oan bang momen xoan au oan cong hp ngau lc phan
bo tren oan o (hp ngau lc phan bo quay cung chieu kim ong ho dng,
ngc lai la am).
Hnh 2.20
P qa =
q
3a
a
A
B
C
A
N
P qa =
q
3a
a
A
B
C
2,5P 2,5P 2,5P 2,5P
qa
4qa
( )
z
N
( ) +
( )
4qa
qa


V du 12: Ve bieu o noi lc phat sinh trong truc chu xoan nh hnh 2.21 a.

- Phan lc lien ket tai ngam A: at phan lc lien ket tai ngam A nh hnh 2.21 b
0 6 .2 0 3
z A A
m M ma m a ma M ma = + + = =

- Tai C co ngau lc tap trung M ma = cung chieu kim ong ho nen bieu o
z
M
co bc nhay ve pha dng (ben tren) mot oan bang qa t v tr 0 thuoc
ng chuan.
- Noi lc pha ben phai cua mat cat tai B :
.2 2 3
B C
z z
phai
M M m a ma ma ma = + = + =
- Tai B co ngau lc tap trung 6 6 M ma = ngc chieu kim ong ho nen bieu o
z
M co bc nhay ve pha am (ben di) mot oan bang 6ma t gia tr 3ma +
nen
z
M ben trai mat cat tai B co gia tr 3 6 3 ma ma ma = .
- Noi lc pha ben phai cua mat cat tai A: 0 3
A B B
z z z
phai trai trai
M M M ma = + = =
(tren oan BA khong co tai phan bo nen
z
M hang so).
- Tai A co ngau lc tap trung 3
A
M ma = cung chieu kim ong ho nen bieu o
z
M co bc nhay ve pha dng (ben tren) mot oan bang 3qa t gia tr 3ma
nen
z
M pha trai mat cat tai A co gia tr 3 3 0 ma ma = .
V du 13: Ve bieu o noi lc phat sinh trong truc chu xoan nh hnh 2.22a.
- Phan lc lien ket tai ngam A:
M ma =
2a
6M
A
B
C
m
M ma =
2a
6M
A
B
C
m A
M
ma
3ma
3ma
( ) +
( )
( )
z
M
Hnh 2.21
a
a
) a
) b
) c


0 4 0 3
z A A
m M M M M M = + = =

- Tai C co ngau lc tap trung M cung chieu kim ong ho nen bieu o
z
M co
bc nhay ve pha dng (ben tren) mot oan bang M t v tr 0 thuoc ng
chuan.
- Noi lc pha ben phai cua mat cat tai B : 0
B C C
z z z
phai
M M M M = + = = (tren
oan CB khong co tai phan bo nen
z
M hang so).
- Tai B co ngau lc tap trung 4M ngc chieu kim ong ho nen bieu o
z
M co
bc nhay ve pha am (ben di) mot oan bang 4M t gia tr M + nen
z
M
ben trai mat cat tai B co gia tr 4 3 M M M + = .
- Noi lc pha ben phai cua mat cat tai A: 0 3
A B B
z z z
phai trai trai
M M M M = + = =
(tren oan BA khong co tai phan bo nen
z
M hang so).
- Tai A co ngau lc tap trung 3
A
M M = cung chieu kim ong ho nen bieu o
z
M
co bc nhay ve pha dng (ben tren) mot oan bang 3M t gia tr 3M nen
z
M pha tr mat cat tai A co gia tr 3 3 0 M M = .

M
2a
4M
A
B
C
M
2a
A
B
C
A
M
M
3M
( ) +
( )
( )
z
M
a
4M
a
Hnh 2.22
) a
) b
) c


V du14: Ve bieu o noi lc phat sinh trong dam chu uon phang nh hnh 2.23 a.
- Phan lc lien ket tai cac goi , A B: at cac phan lc lien ket tng ng tai , A B
nh hnh 2.23 b.
0 3 .2 .3 0
2
0 .2 3 . 0
2
A B B
B A A
P
m Pa Pa Y a P a Y
P
m Pa Y a Pa P a Y
= + = =
= + + = =

Ve bieu o lc cat
y
Q : tren oan , AB BC khong co lc phan bo nen bieu o lc cat
y
Q co
dang hang so.
- Tai A co lc tap trung / 2
A
Y P = hng len nen bieu o
y
Q co bc nhay hng
len mot oan bang / 2 P t v tr 0 thuoc ng chuan.
- Lc cat ben trai cua mat cat tai B : 0 / 2
B A A
y y y
trai
Q Q Q P = + = = (tren oan AB
khong co tai phan bo nen
y
Q hang so).
- Tai B co lc tap trung / 2
B
Y P = hng len nen bieu o
y
Q co bc nhay hng
len mot oan bang / 2 P t gia tr / 2 P + nen
y
Q ben phai mat cat tai B co gia
tr / 2 / 2 P P P + = + .
- Lc cat ben trai cua mat cat tai C : 0
C B B
y y y
trai phai phai
Q Q Q P = + = = + (tren oan
BC khong co tai phan bo nen
y
Q hang so).
Cach ve bieu o noi lc trong dam chu uon phang:
Bieu o lc cat:
- Bieu o lc cat hn bieu o tai trong phan bo mot bac.
- Khi i t trai qua phai, neu tren s o tnh co lc tap trung bieu o lc cat co
bc nhay, gia tr bc nhay bang gia tr lc tap trung, chieu bc nhay cung
chieu vi lc tap trung.
- Khi i t trai qua phai, lc cat cuoi oan bang lc cat au oan cong hp lc
phan bo tren oan o (hp lc phan bo hng len dng, hng xuong am).
Bieu o momen uon:
- Bieu o momen uon hn bieu o lc cat mot bac.
- Khi i t trai qua phai, neu tren s o tnh co ngau lc tap trung bieu o
momen uon co bc nhay, gia tr bc nhay ba ng gia tr ngau lc tap trung, nhay
xuong khi ngau lc quay cung chieu kim ong ho, nhay len khi ngau lc quay
ngc chieu kim ong ho.
- Khi i t trai qua phai, momen uon cuoi oan bang momen uon au oan
cong dien tch lc cat tren oan o (Neu tren oan o momen uon la ham bac
hai, momen uon se at cc tr tai v tr lc cat bang khong).


- Tai C co lc tap trung P hng xuong nen bieu o
y
Q co bc nhay hng
xuong mot oan bang P t gia tr P + nen
y
Q ben phai mat cat tai C co gia tr
0 P P = .

Ve bieu o mo men uon
x
M : (Bieu o mo men uo n tren am di dng) ta a biet bieu
o momen uon
x
M hn bieu o lc cat
y
Q mot bac nen tren oan , AB BC bieu o
momen uon
x
M co dang bac nhat.
- Tai A co ngau lc tap trung M Pa = cung chieu kim ong ho nen bieu o
x
M
co bc nhay hng xuong mot oan bang Pa t v tr 0 thuoc ng chuan.
- Momen uon ben trai cua mat cat tai B :
( )
1
.2 2
2
y
AB B A
x x Q
trai phai
M M S Pa P a Pa = + = + + = + .
- Tai B co ngau lc tap trung 3 M Pa = ngc chieu kim ong ho nen bieu o
x
M
co bc nhay hng len mot oan bang 3Pa t gia tr 2Pa + nen
x
M ben phai
mat cat tai B co gia tr 2 3 Pa Pa Pa = .
- Momen uon ben trai cua mat cat tai C :
( )
. 0
y
BC C B
x x Q
trai phai
M M S Pa P a = + = + = .
a 2a
P
3M
A C
B
a 2a
P
3 M Pa =
A C
B
A
Y
B
Y
M Pa =
P
1
2
P
( ) +
( ) +
Pa
2Pa
Pa
( )
y
Q
( )
x
M
Hnh 2.23
( ) +
( )
M Pa =
) a
) b
) c
) d


V du 15: Ve bieu o noi lc phat sinh trong dam chu uon phang nh hnh 2.20.

- Phan lc lien ket tai cac goi , B C :
2
2
5
0 . 2 .4 .2 .4 0
4
15
0 .5 2 .4 .4 .2 0
4
B C C
C B B
m qa a qa q a a Y a Y qa
m qa a qa Y a q a a Y qa
= + = =
= + = =

Ve bieu o lc cat
y
Q : tren oan AB khong co lc phan bo nen bieu o
y
Q tren oan
AB co dang hang so, tren oan BC lc phan bo la hang so nen bieu o
y
Q tren oan BC
co dang bac nhat.
- Tai A co lc tap trung P qa = hng xuong nen bieu o
y
Q co bc nhay
hng xuong mot oan bang qa t v tr 0 thuoc ng chuan.
P qa =
2
2 M qa =
q
a 4a
A B C
P qa =
2
2 M qa =
q
a 4a
A B C
B
Y
C
Y
qa
11
4
qa
5
4
qa
2
25
32
qa
2
qa
2
3qa
Hnh 2.24
I
( )
( ) +
( ) ( )
( ) +


- Lc cat ben trai cua mat cat tai B : 0
B A A
y y y
trai
Q Q Q qa = + = = (tren oan AB
khong co tai phan bo nen
y
Q hang so).
- Tai B co lc tap trung
15
4
B
Y qa = hng len nen bieu o
y
Q co bc nhay
hng len mot oan bang
15
4
qa t gia tr qa nen
y
Q ben phai mat cat tai B
co gia tr
15 11
4 4
qa qa qa + = + .
- Lc cat ben trai cua mat cat tai C :
( )
( )
11 5
4
4 4
BC C B
y y q
trai phai
Q Q R qa qa qa = + = + = .
- Tai C co lc tap trung
5
4
C
Y qa = hng len nen bieu o
y
Q co bc nhay hng
len mot oan bang
5
4
qa t gia tr
5
4
qa nen
y
Q ben phai mat cat tai C co gia
tr
5 5
0
4 4
qa qa + = .
Ve bieu o mo men uon
x
M : (Bieu o mo men uon tren am di dng) tren oan AB
bieu o
y
Q co dang hang so nen tren oan AB bieu o
x
M co dang bac nhat, tren oan
BC bieu o
y
Q co dang bac nhat nen tren oan BC bieu o
x
M co dang bac hai, v vay
tren oan BC tai cac iem 0
y
Q = bieu o
x
M at cc tr.
- Tai A khong co ngau lc tap trung nen bieu o
x
M khong co bc nhay .
( ) 2
0 .
y
AB B A
x x Q
trai
M M S qa a qa = + = = .
- Tai B ngau lc tap trung
2
2 M qa = ngc chieu kim ong ho nen bieu o
x
M
co bc nhay hng len mot oan bang
2
2qa t gia tr
2
qa nen
x
M ben phai
mat cat tai B co gia tr
2 2 2
2 3 qa qa qa = .
- Trong oan BC bieu o lc cat bac nhat nen bieu o mo men uon bac hai. Ta i
mat cat I lc cat 0
y
Q = nen tai ay
x
M at cc tr. V va y ta phai tm gia tr
mo men uon tai mat cat nay:
( ) 2 2
1 11 11 25
3 . .
2 4 4 32
y
BI I B
x x Q
phai
M M S qa qa a qa = + = + = + .
- Tai I khong co ngau lc tap nen bieu o
x
( ) 2
25 1 5 5
. . 0
32 2 4 4
y
IC C I
x x Q
trai
M M S qa qa a = + = + = .
- Tai C khong co ngau lc tap trung nen bieu o
x


II) BAI TAP
2.1-> 2.2. Xac nh ca c thanh phan noi lc (tr so , phng, chieu) phat sinh tren mat cat
AA cua cac chi tiet chu ta c dung cua lc 100 P N = nh hnh B.2.1 va hnh B.2.2. Cac
kch thc cho tren hnh co n v la milimet.

(Gi y: at he truc toa o ta i trong ta m ma t cat sao cho truc z trung vi phap tuyen cua
mat cat sau o at cac thanh phan noi lc tng ng e can bang vi ngoai lc tac dung)
2.3. Moc can truc mang tai trong 20kN nh hnh B2.3, mat cat ngang tai mat cat AA la
hnh ch nhat. Xac nh cac thanh phan noi lc (tr so, phng, chieu) phat sinh tren mat
cat AA. Cac kch thc co n v la milimet.
P
25 R
100
A A
Hnh B.2.1
18 6
40
16, 67
( 2:1) AA TL
C
P
50
25
A A
Hnh B.2.2
19
3
22 3
8, 21
C
( 2:1) AA TL


2.4. Tay quay co kch thc va chu lc nh hnh B.2.4, mat cat ngang tai mat cat AA la
hnh ch nhat. Xac nh cac thanh phan noi lc (tr so, phng, chieu) phat sinh tai trong
tam cua gia tay quay. Cac kch thc co n v la milimet.

2.5. Cot hnh tru rong ng knh trong 200mm, ng knh ngoai 250mm c han vi
mot congxon chu mot tai tnh 20kN nh hnh B.2.5. Tam cua tai cach tam cua cot
500mm. Xac nh cac thanh phan noi lc (tr so, phng, chieu) phat sinh trong cot.
2.6. Mot chi tiet may co hnh dang va kch thc nh hnh B.2.6, chu mot tai 20kN . Xac
nh cac thanh phan noi lc (tr so, phng, chieu) phat sinh trong mat cat ch U .
20kN
100
20
50
150
A A
Hnh B.2.3
20kN
500
250
200
Hnh B.2.5
15kN
30kN
140
120
80
Hnh B.2.4
A
A


2.7. Lc 20 P kN = theo phng ngang tac dung bi day dai len mot congxon nh hnh
B.2.7. Tai mot iem cach tng 75mm, mat cat ngang cua congxon co hnh ch T . Xac
nh cac thanh phan noi lc (tr so, phng, chieu) phat sinh trong mat cat AA.
2.8. Mot gia bang thep nh hnh B.2.8, chu tac dung cua lc keo 6kN nghieng goc
0
45 so
vi phng ngang. Mat cat ngang cua gia la hnh ch nhat. Xac nh cac thanh phan noi
lc (tr so, phng, chieu) phat sinh trong mat cat tai ngam.
2.9. Ma kep ch C nh hnh B.2.9, chu mot tai 25 P kN = . Mat cat ngang cua kep la hnh
ch nhat. Xac nh cac thanh phan noi lc (tr so, phng, chieu) phat sinh trong mat cat
, AA BB va CC .

P
P
50
60
90
9
12
A
A
75
Hnh B.2.7
AA
61, 78
C
90
20kN
20kN
20
90
30
Hnh B.2.6


2.10. Thanh cong mat cat ngang khong oi, hnh tron ng knh d , chu nen bi mot lc
15 P kN = cach tam truc mot oan 200mm. Xac nh cac thanh phan noi lc (tr so,
phng, chieu) phat sinh trong mat cat AA.

2.11. Tay quay co kch thc va chu lc nh hnh B.2.4, mat cat ngang tai mat cat AA la
hnh ch nhat. Xac nh cac thanh phan noi lc (tr so, phng, chieu) phat sinh tai trong
tam cua gia tay quay. Cac kch thc co n v la milimet.
2.12. Cho cot AB lam bang betong chu lc nh hnh 2.34. Biet rang betong co trong
lng rieng
3
25 / kN m .
Ve s o tnh.
Xac nh noi lc tai mat cat chan cot.
P
200
A A
Hnh B.2.10
40 25
75
50
25
125
P
Hnh B.2.11
P
P
40
140
150
t
b
0
45
A A
B
B
C
C
Hnh B.2.9
6kN
0
45
75
130
56
28
Hnh B.2.8


2.13. Can thiet ke mot tay quay co hnh dang, kch thc va chu lc nh hnh 2.13, lc
25 P kN = tac dung vuong goc vi tay quay tai O. Mat cat ngang tai mat cat AA la hnh
vuong canh b b , mat cat ngang tai mat cat BB la hnh tron ng knh d . Cac kch
thc cho tren hnh co n v milimet. Xac nh cac thanh phan noi lc (tr so, phng,
chieu) cua mat cat AA, BB.
2.12. Thanh cng AC c gi bi he thanh nh hnh B.2.12. Xac nh ng lc trong cac
thanh cua he dan.

100 20
80
250
P
Hnh 3.13
d
A
b
A
B
B
80
b
O O
AA
1
12 P kN =
z
x
y
l 2b
b
Hnh 3.12
A
B
2
3 P kN =
3m
4m
3, 5m
0
30
200 / N m
100 P N =
A
B
C
Hnh B.2.13
a a a
a
15 P kN =
A B C
D
E F G
Hnh B.2.12


2.13. Cho he chu lc nh hnh B.2.13. Xac nh phan lc lien ket tai khp quay A va ng
lc trong thanh BC . Khi tnh bo qua be day cua cac phan t trong he.
2.14. Cac thanh , AB DG tuyet oi cng chu lien ket khp xoay tai , A D va c gi bi
cac thanh thanh giang , BC HG nh hnh B.2.14. Xac nh ng lc trong cac thanh
, BC HG.

2.15. Cho he dan co kch thuc va chu lc nh hnh B.2.15a, B.2.15b, B.2.15c. Xac nh
ng lc trong cac thanh cua dan.

2.16. Cho khung chu lc nh hnh 2.16. Xac nh noi lc tai cac mat cat:
Mat cat tai ngam A.
Mat cat tai B thuoc cot AB , mat cat tai B thuoc cot BD va mat cat tai B thuoc
dam BC .
Mat cat tai D thuoc cot BD va mat cat tai D thuoc dam DE .
a
A
B C
F
G
D
E
7kN
7kN
7kN
7kN
7kN
H
a a a
0
30
0
30
Hnh B.2.15c
a
a
a
15 P kN =
A
B
C
F G
Hnh B.2.15b
D
E
a
a a a
a
15 P kN =
A B
C
D
E F G
Hnh B.2.15a
15 P kN = 15 P kN =
q
3 P qa =
A B
C
D E
F
G
H
a a 2a
2a
, E F
, 2 E F
Hnh B.2.14
0
60


2.17. Xet mot oan ap bang be tong dai 1m, chu lc nh hnh B.2.17. Xac nh noi lc
tai mat cat chan ap. Biet rang be tong co trong lng rieng
3
25 / kN m .
2.18. Ve bieu o noi lc phat sinh trong cac cot nh hnh B.2.18.

1m 3m
5m
1m
Hnh B.2.17
2
25 / kN m
C
Hnh B.2.16
q
2
M qa =
A
3 P qa =
a
B
D
E
2 P qa =
a
a
a
P qa =
P
q
4a
a
A
B
C
P
l l
P qa = P
q
3a
a
A
B
C
2P
l l
P qa = P
q
2a
a
A
B
C
2P
l l
P qa = P
q
3a
a
A
B
C
l l
Hnh B.2.18-1 Hnh B.2.18-2 Hnh B.2.18-3 Hnh B.2.18-4


2.19. Ve bieu o noi lc xuat hien trong cac truc nh hnh B.2.19

A
B C
D
E
a a a a
2M
M
M
A
B
D
a 2a a
M ma =
m
3 M ma =
C
Hnh B.2.19-8 Hnh B.2.19-9
M
a 3a
2M
A B
C
Hnh B.2.19-3
M
a 2a
3M
A B
C
Hnh B.2.19-2
4L
3L
M
1
=mL
m
M
3
=5mL
m
D
5L
A
4L
B
M
2
=4mL
C
4L
B
2L
4L 3L
C D
M
1
=6mL M
2
=5mL
m
M
2
=2mL
B
M
1
=4mL
A A
3L
D
4L
M
3
=4mL
5L
C
3L
C B
M
1
=mL
M
4
=mL
D
A
M
2
=2mL
m
Hnh B.2.19-4 Hnh B.2.19-5
Hnh B.2.19-6 Hnh B.2.19-7
5a
q
D
4a
P
1
=3qa
A
P
1
=qa
P
2
=8qa
C
4a q
B
A
3a
4a
B
P
2
=4qa
D
P
3
=5qa
C
2a
P
3
=15KN
q=4KN/m
D
P
1
=20KN
4m
A
3m
D
P
1
=qa
2a
P
2
=3qa
C
6a
2q
A
B
3a
q
C
3m
P
2
=55KN
B
4m
P
3
=20KN
D
P
1
=10KN
q=10KN/m
5m
C
3m
P
2
=45KN
B
A
q
Hnh B.2.18-5 Hnh B.2.18-6 Hnh B.2.18-7 Hnh B.2.18-8 Hnh B.2.18-9
2M
a 3a
M
A B
C
Hnh B.2.19-1


2.20. Xac nh cac phan lc lien ket va ve cac bieu o noi lc phat sinh trong cac dam nh
hnh B.2.20.

P
a 2a
A
B
C
2a
D
M Pa =
a 4a
A
B
D
2
2 M qa =
q
P=2qa
q
a a a
A
B
C D
2
1
2
M qa =
40 P kN =
1m
2m
A
B
C
2m
D
30 . M kN m =
60 . M kNm =
Hnh B.2.20-1 Hnh B.2.20-2
Hnh B.2.20-3
Hnh B.2.20-4
3P
3a
A
B C
2a
2 M Pa =
70 P kN =
3m
A
B
C
2m
20 / q kN m =
Hnh B.2.20-5 Hnh B.2.20-6
2
2 M qa =
q
2a a
A
B
P qa =
C
Hnh B.2.20-7
P qa =
2
2 M qa =
q
3a a
A B C
2
M qa =
60 P kN = 30 . M kN m =
20 / q kN m =
4m 1m
A B
C
P qa =
2
3 M qa =
q
2a a
A B C
2
M qa =
Hnh B.2.20-8
Hnh B.2.20-9 Hnh B.2.20-10


2.21. Xac nh cac phan lc lien ket va ve cac bieu o noi lc phat sinh trong cac dam nh
hnh B.2.21.

2.22. Truc AE mat cat ngang khong oi hnh tron, c at tren hai o lan tai , A E (bo qua
ma sat tai cac o lan). Tren truc ngi ta gan ba banh rang , , B C D. Hai banh rang , B D
giong nhau co cung ng knh
2
160 d mm = , chu tac dung cua lc vong
2
1250
t
F N = va
lc hng tam
2
455
r
F N = . Banh rang C co ng knh
1
400 d mm = chu tac dung cua lc
A
B C
D
E
3P
/ 2 P P
2P P
a a a a
2M
M
M
2P
x
y
z
a a a
M
P
2P
M
A
B C D
P
2P
Hnh B.2.21-3 Hnh B.2.21-4
2
3 M qa =
P qa =
P qa =
q
a 2a a
A B C D
5m 2m 2m
A
B C
D
70 P kN =
30 . M kN m = 10 / q kN m =
Hnh B.2.20-15 Hnh B.2.20-16
P qa =
2
2 M qa =
q
a 4a
A
B
C
Hnh B.2.20-12
P qa = 2
3 M qa =
q
a 2a a
A
B C D
Hnh B.2.20-
a 2a 2a
A
B C
D
P
2P
M
M
Hnh B.2.21-2
a a a
M
P
2P
M
x
y
z
A
B C
D
Hnh B.2.21-1
2a a a
2
1
M qa =
2
2
2 M qa =
P qa =
A
B C D
q
Hnh B.2.20-14
2a a a
A
B C
D
P qa =
2
3
2
M qa =
q
Hnh B.2.20-


vong
1
1000
t
F N = va lc hng tam
1
360
r
F N = nh hnh B.22. Ve bieu o noi lc phat
sinh trong truc AE .

2.23. Truc AB ngam tai A, au B c han vuong goc vi thanh BC va chu lc nh
hnh B.2.23. Ve bieu o noi lc phat sinh trong truc AB .
2.24. Cot bac ABC ngam tai A va chu lc trong mot mat phang nh hnh B.2.24.
Ve s o tnh cho cot.
Ve cac bieu o noi lc phat sinh trong cot.

2.25. Cot AB ngam tai A va chu lc nh hnh B.2.25. Biet rang cot lam bang betong co
trong lng rieng
3
25 / kN m .
Ve s o tnh cho cot.
Ve cac bieu o noi lc phat sinh trong cot.
75 P kN =
15 / q kN m =
4m
2m
A
B
C
0,5m
35 P kN =
75 P kN =
12 / q kN m =
5m
3m
A
B
C
0,5m
35 P kN =
20 P kN =
0,3m
45 P kN =
12 / q kN m =
5m
3m
A
B
C
0,5m
20 P kN =
10 P kN =
0,2m
Hnh B.2.24-1 Hnh B.2.24-2 Hnh B.2.24-3
1m
0, 3m
A
B
C
150 P kN =
Hnh B.2.23
1
r
F
1
t
F
2
t
F
2
t
F
2
r
F
2
r
F
A
B
C
D
E
a 3a 3a a
Hnh B.2.22


2.26. Cot AB nghieng mot goc
0
60 so vi phng ngang, ngam tai A va chu lc trong
mot mat phang nh hnh B.2.26. Ve cac bieu o noi lc phat sinh trong cot.
2.27. Cot AC thang ng, ngam tai A va chu lc nh hnh B.2.27. Ve cac bieu o noi lc
phat sinh trong cot.

Hnh B.2.26
0
60
4m
A
B
75 P kN =
x
y
z
A
B
C
1
55 P kN =
2
25 P kN =
0
45
0
60
2m
2m
Hnh B.2.27
5 P qa =
q
z
x
y
a 2b
b
Hnh B.2.25

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Noi lc Khoa Xay Dng & C Hoc ng Dung

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Noi lc Khoa Xay Dng & C Hoc ng Dung

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