Conventional Water Treatment Plant (WTP) is a water treatment installation which uses coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration and

disinfection systems by the process of adding coagulant to plain raw water containing colloidal pollutant. Up till now conventional WTP is still the most widely used system in Indonesia and abroad. In Indonesia, out of the capacity of installed clean water system of 110.000 liter/second, as much as 80.000 liter/second still use conventional WTP. The problem found in conventional WTP in Indonesia is, generally the WTP is only capable to do clean water processing up to 65-70% out of the designed system capacity. This can be seen from the flocculation result in which the floc formation is not optimum and the degree of turbidity of the resulting sedimentation precipetate is still high. The detention time of the flocculation system in a conventional WTP is generally 20-30 minutes, based on its design criteria. But if raw water treatment analysis is done by using jar test, the optimum floc formation can be produced with the detention time of 5-10 minutes. The difference of these detention times should be considered for implementing a further study. Coagulation process is a quick mixing of colloidal raw water with coagulants such as Alum, Ferric Chloride or PAC, which is a process of destabilization of the colloidal particles' Brownian motion. Flocculation process is continuation of the coagulation process, in which the colloidal particle (-) and coagulant (+) come together and stick to each other (forming a chemical bond). Further on, they form floc masses which grow bigger, coagulate or form an aggregation between the micro floc particles and the colloidal particles, and with mutual floc particles. In the flocculation process where the aggregated colloidal particles grow into flocs, it is influenced by Brownian motion, gradient velocity (G) and breakup. The flocculation process is the core of a series of steps in water treatment process using a conventional WTP, this is the process when the floc formation reaches its optimum, i.e. when all of the colloidal particles completely coagulate to form solid flocs which precipitated rapidly, so the effluent of the clarifier or sedimentation systems will produce a low turbidity degree. In this way the resulted clogging and run time of the filter working system become longer. Besides, the filter medium washing time or back wash will be shorter. Micro hydraulic flocculation is a flocculation process in which the hydrodynamics of the flow velocity is observed in three dimensions. Flow velocity is the main parameter which determines the measure of gradient velocity to produce optimum floc formation. The theory and formulation of gradient velocity (G) are referred from the research results of Smoluchowski, (1917) and (Camp-Stein, 1943), they were the first researchers who formulated the coagulation and flocculation processes, which have been widely used as a reference up till now. The analysis of gradient velocity in flocculation process has been done with a physical model (a pilot plant reactor) and a mathematical model of computer fluid dynamics (CFD-Fluent). The flocculation process experiment was done through the pilot plant reactor with optimum debit and dosages.