CANINE DISTEMPER VIRUS

(Hard Pad Disease)

 Highly contagious disease of dogs

 Cause more death to young dogs than other infections.

PANTROPIC MORBILLI VIRUS.

HOST AFFECTED:

 Canidae (dog, fox, wolf)-more susceptible

 Felidae (cat, lion, tiger)

 Hyaenidae (hyaena)

MORPHOLOGY :- RNA virus

o Single stranded,

o -ve sense,

o non segmented.

• Haemoagglutinine-neuraminidase protein.

• Responsible for binding with host cell membrane.

PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

SENSTIVITY

• Heat Labile in nature.

• Inactivated at 60˚c - 30 min.

RESISTENCE

Survive at 55˚c -30 min

Optimum pH -7.0

Partial HA property of chicken & g.pig RBC .

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CULTIVATION:

 Unweaned mice
 Baby hamster
 Rabbits
 Chicken embryo- Virulence reduced by successive passages

About 10 passages of virus produces thickening of CAM in chicken embryo-level of

adaptation

About 100 passages in chicken embryo the virus become attenuated and used as vaccines
for dogs-level of attenuation VACCINE

EPIDEMIOLOGY:

 Direct contact / aerosol.

 Young Dogs -3 month to 6 month -more susceptible

 Immunodepression-maternally Ab’s godown.

 Less Population- More Spread- Rural Areas

PATHOGENESIS:
Incubation period:
3 to 8 days.
Virus entry

Initial Replication In UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT

spreads to

Tonsils & Bronchial LN

Primary Viraemia

Leucopenia

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 Immunosuppression

Secondary Viraemia

1.respiratory system 2.gi tract 3.nervous system 4.urinary bladder 5.skin

Clinical signs:

Pharyngitis Vomiting Paresis Pistules-Abdomen

Occulonasal discharge Diarrhoea Myoclonus Hyperkeratosis-
Coughing Epilepsy (Hard Pad Disease)

BIPHASIC FEVER

PM LESIONS:

1. Haemorrhagic enteritis-under 8 wks pups

2. Lungs , bladder , renal pelvis -congested
3. Spleen -enlarged
4. Liver-necrotic spots

HP LESIONS:

1. Perivascular cuffing
2. Nerve cell degeneration
3. I/cytoplasmic or I/nuclear inclusion bodies–bladder , renal pelvis , respiratory
epithelium , intestine ,brain

DIAGNOSIS:
1.Clinical Signs
2.Isolation and identification
3.Detection -specific distemper antigen -immunofluorescence
4.CFT -hyper immune anti distemper sera
5.Serum neutralization test- chick embryo/ cell cultures -a suitable stain of virus antigen

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CONTROL:

1. After recovery - long time immunity-.the puppies cannot be vaccinated until

they loose their maternal antibodies(8 to 12 wks)

2. Previously –inactivated virus followed by virulent virus administered to produce

immunity.

3. Nowadays attenuated vaccine –ECE / ATC.

4. Combined cdv and ich vaccines

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PANTROPIC MORBILLI VIRUS