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Solution

0 = n u

at control pt #1:

The velocity at control pt #1 is the sum of the freestream + 3 point vortices
velocities at that point:


1 2 3
1
2 2 2
2 2 2
u V i i i j


= + +
| | | | | |
| | |
\ . \ . \ .




The normal at control pt #1 is:


1
1 2
1 1
0
2 2
2 2
n i
u n V

=

= + =
| | | |
| |
\ . \ .





Rearranging:


1 2
V



=

(1)

0 = n u

at control pt #2:

Now, following the same procedure for control pt #2:


=10 miles
V = 100 mph
8

3
x
y
Solution
16.100 2002 2

2
2 3
2 2
1 3
2 2
0
2
n i j
V
u n

= +

= + =





2 3
2
V



=

(2)

0 = n u

at control pt #3:


3
1 3
3 3
1 3
2 2
0
2
n i j
V
u n

=

= + =






1 3
2
V



+ =

(3)


Final System of Equations

Combine the numbered equations:

1
2
3
vortex
strengths
(unknowns)
Influence matrix
1 1
0
1 1
0
2
1 1
0
2
i
V n
V
V
V


(
(

(
(

(
(
(
(
(
(
=
(
(
(
(
(
(
( (



i




The problem with these equations is that they have infinitely many solutions.
One clue is that the determinant of the matrix is zero. In particular we can add a
constant strength to any solution because:

0
0
0
influence
0
matrix
(

(
(
(
(
=
(
(
(
(


Solution
16.100 2002 3
Given a solution
0
0
0

(
(

(
(

, then
1 0
2 0
3 0

( (
( (
+
( (
( (

is also a solution where
0
is arbitrary.

So, how do we resolve this?
Answer: the Kutta condition!


2 2
. . . .
1 1
2 2
t e upper t e lower
p V p V + = +
0
upper lower
V V =

Whats the Kutta condition for the windy city problem:


Kutta:
3
0 = no flow around node 3!

So, we can now solve our system of equations starting with 0
3
=

1
2
3
2
2
0
V
V

=
=
=



V
8

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