Waste Water Costing

To Do List
This is a list of items we have identified as needing work:
WaTER
NaOH
Stabilization
Concentrate disposal (evap. Ponds)
pipelines
intakes
outfalls
Energy cost for Concentrate outfall
Dechlorination / Ozonation mods.
Cost formulas, where did they come from, are they estimated from graphs or from qasim
Evap Ponds
Deep Well injection
set lower limits
set upper limits
heating & lighting is not based on day light or outside air temp.
"H2O analysis" - Valence changes with pH
"References" Section
WT Cost Software Comments

have check marks for including/not including certain costs (e.g. building heating)
Introduction to this model (WaTER)

WaTER or "Water Treatment Estimation Routine" is a model for estimating the cost of drinking water
treatment. WaTER is the MS Excel program that is the basis for the Visual Basic program called
"WTCost". WaTER was developed by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) "Water Treatment
Engineering and Research Group". WaTER is updated on a semi continuous basis (adding new treatment
techniques, modifying costs, etc.). WaTER can be downloaded at:
http://www.usbr.gov/pmts/water/awtr.html
WaTER uses the 1979 USEPA water treatment cost estimates (1978 dollars) and the 1992 Quasim
updates to the 1979 costs as the basis. Costs are updated to todays costs. Processes not included in the
1979 or 1992 updates are estimated from USBR experience and manufacturere estimates. The majoirty of
the program is based on applicable flows between 1 and 200 MGD. There has been some recent work
incorporating smaller flows of 2,500 gpd to 1 MGD.
Information on treatment techniques included in WaTER for all USEPA regulated contaminants can be
found in the USBR publication "Water Treatment Primer for Communities in Need"
WTcost is a Visual Basic version of this program (with some edits and additions) developed by Irvine Moch.
This program is for sale through Irvine Moch & Associates.
I. Moch & Assoc., Inc.
PMB 161, Suite 6, 1812 Marsh Road, Wilmington, DE 19910-4528
(302) 477-0420, Fax: (302) 477-0242, E- Mail:imoch@aol.com
This version last updated on:
12/18/06
Comments
This model is updated on a continuous basis when funding and time permits. Work on this model is not
currently funded and has not been funded since FY04. Although this is labeled as a "Non Functional
Version" there are many components that work. The non functional status comes from the fact that not
everything has been fully checked and there are some components that do not funciton or do not function
correctly.
We welcome any comments (especially corrections).
Comments on this model should be addressed to Michelle Chapman at the USBR in Denver
MCHAPMAN@do.usbr.gov
11/4/2005
Key for WaTER program
###
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
usually contain formulas or data that do change

requires entry of data, and may or may not change
entered data that usually do not change
reference
goal seek cells
limit error
unknown use of data
future work and problems that need to be fixed
Major Notes
Capital costs are computed using the peak day flow and an operation time factor (OTF) to account for down time which increas
O&M costs are computed using the average daily flow which accounts for daily usage of chemicals, power, etc.
Design Notes
account for down time which increases the hourly flow rate, but not the daily flow rate
hemicals, power, etc.
Com ponents of the WaTER program

Intake
Pre-Treatment
Disinfection
Desalination
Primary Treatment
Chemicals
-Cl2
-Ozone
-Potassium Permanganate
-Acid
-Lime
-Antiscalant
Concentrate Outfall
Dechlorination
-Sodium Bisulfite
-Sodium Sulfite
-Sulfer Dioxide
Concentrate Disposal
- Outfall
- Evap. Ponds
MF
FLOW
NF/RO
Pre Desal Primary

Treatment Feed Flow
NF/RO
Feed Flow
UF
Air Stripping
PreDesal Primary
Rapid Mix Tank

Chemicals
-Cl2
-Ozone
-Acid
-Lime
UFSCC
Desal
Feed Flow
NF/RO
Product Flow
Plant Production Flow
ED
Desal
Product Flow
Gravity Filter
IX
Coagulant
-Ferric Chloride
-Ferric Sulfate
-Alum (dru)
-Alum (liquid)
Intake Pipe
Disinfection
-Cl2
-Ozone
-Chlorine Dioxide
-Chloramines
Blending
Blending
Flow
Stabilization
Coagulant Aid
-PolyElectrolyte
-PACl

Clearwell
FLOW
Plant Feed
Concentrate Outfall
Drawing Not Completely Accurate

MF
Primary Treatment
Feed Flow
UF
Air Stripping

Primary Treatment
Rapid Mix Tank
Chemicals
-Cl2
-Ozone
-Acid
-Lime
UFSCC
Gravity Filter
Disinfection
-Cl2
-Ozone
-Chlorine Dioxide
-Chloramines
FLOW
Coagulant
-Ferric Chloride
-Ferric Sulfate
-Alum (dry)
-Alum (liquid)
-PACl
-Lime
Coagulant Aid
-PolyElectrolyte
Warnings
Note: If Warnings are present, they are higlighted with red fill
Worksheet
b
e
i
j
Worksheet
Capacity
H20 Analysis
Acid
IronFeed
AlumFeed
L
m
n
PolyAC
De-Cl2&O4
CL2
NHCL
Ozone
LimeFeed
r
s
Antiscalent Polymer
PolyElectrolyte
KMnO4
GravityFilt
IX
z
f
MF-P input
RO&NF Input
e.g.
Paremeter
units
Value
Feed Flow
MGD
Ion Product for Concentrate
0
Acid addition H2SO4
Dose Rate by volume
0
Basis dose rate
kg/day
1212
Calculated dose rate
kg/hr.
64
Liquid Alum dose rate
kg/hr.
128
kg/hr.
16
Basis dose rate kg/day:
kg/hr.
401
Basis
kg/day
946
Calculated Cl2 Dose
kg/day
1568
Calculated Aqua Ammonia
kg/day
376
Ozone Requirements:
kg/day
379
Basis Lime:
kg/hr
118
Basis Soda:
kg/hr
0
Basis Polymer Feed
kg/day
223
Basis Polymer Feed
kg/day
223
Basis KMnO4
kg/day
891
Feed/Product Flow
gpd
81699
Filter area (m2):
m2
2120
Filter area (m2):
m2
2120
Service Flow Rate :
L/(hr*L resin)
20
Filter area (m2):
m2
50
Design MF product flow rate
MGD
100
Primary Treatment Product Flow L/s
4796
Size
hp
528
Size
hp
163
Size
hp
139
Lower limit
Upper Limit
0.00019
20
72000
2300
2500
2300
100
4500
4500
2300
1800
4500
4500
100
100
220
200,000,000
2600
2600
40
2600
0
0
error
3
350
3
350
0.04
144
4
4
4
0.5
4
4
110
4
4
4
0.4
0.5
0.4
2500
13
13
16
13
0.01
0
error
assumptions
assuming H2SO4 limits and not HCL

assuming ferrics sulfate and not ferrous chloride limits
b/w pump
gravity filter
high pressure pump

transfer pump
product water pump
Limits (From EPA-600/2-79-162b, figure 39-41)

not in epa
not in epa
not in epa
not in epa
Limits (From EPA-600/2-79-162b, and EPA-600/3-79-162b
wrong calculation/referece in table
EPA-600/2-79-162c
Estimating Water Treatment Costs. Volume 3. Cost Curves Applicable to 2,500 gpd to 1 MGD Treatment Plants
Hansen, Sigurd, Robert Gumerman, and Ressell Culp.
August 1979.Concract # 68-03-2516
196 pages
MGD Treatment Plants
Project Info
Project Name
Model Development
Date
06/07/04
Membrane Stage
A1
W orksheets included in this program:

#
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
L
m
n
o
p
q
r
s
t
u
v
w
x
y
z
aa
bb
cc
dd
ee
ff
gg
hh
ii
jj
Worksheet
Project & Stage Info
Capacity
Report
Cost Index
H2O Analysis
RO & NF Input
RO & NF Output
CO2
Acid
IronFeed
Alum Feed
PACl
De-Cl2
Cl2
NHCl
Ozone
Lime Feed
Antiscalant
PolyElectrolyte
KMnO4
GAC
Clearwell
Gravity Filter
UFSCC
IX
MF Input
MF Output
Rejection
ConcOutfall
IonicsED
ED2
Pumps
StandardAnalyses
S&DSI
LSI
Stiff & Davis
Description
Project title, date, list of worksheets in W aTER
Production Capacity and water data report
Process information input and cost output
Cost indices, interest rates, amortization
W ater quality input
Input of membrane and system parameters
Cost and energy output
Recarbonation basin
Sulfuric & Hydorchloric acid
Dechlorination with sodium sulfite, sodium bisulfite, and sulfer dioxide
NF & RO Conditioning
(if applicable)
{b}Capacity
Project Name
Model Development
Date
Stage
06/07/04
A1
Flow Rate Input Page & Water Data Report

Plant Operations Schedule
Plant availability due to down time
Planned operation time per day
Combined operation time factor (OTF)
%
95
100
decimal
0.95 (used to estimate production/year)
1.00 (used to calculate energy & chemical costs)
0.950
Note: Peak daily flow should be used for capital costs and average daily flow should be used for O&M costs
Most flow rates are limited to 1 to 200 MGD
1,292,630,400
897,660
2000
1000 cfs and 300 cfs.

646,315,200 193,894,560
448,830
134,649
1000
300
Average Daily Flow

Flowrate (Enter in ONE of these cells, set rest cells to "0")
O&M: Flowrate
Flowrate (with OTF)
System Capacity (with OTF)
L/Sec.
0.00
4,380.79
4,611.35
L/Min.
0.0
262,847.2
276,681.3
L/day
0
378,500,000
gpm
0
69436.9
73,091.5
gph
0
4,166,215
4,385,490
gpd
0
99,989,169
105,251,757
m3/year
36,520,244,042
0
378,500
138,244,097
105.3
38,442,362,150
398,421.1
145,520,102
m3/day
m3/year
398,421,053
gal/year
m3/day
MGD
100.00
99.99
Peak Day Flow

Flowrate (Enter in ONE of these cells, set rest cells to "0")
Flowrate
Capital: Flowrate (with OTF)
System Capacity (with OTF)
L/Sec.
0.00
43.81
46.11
L/Min.
NF/RO Feed Flow Rate

O&M: NF/RO Feed Flow Rate:*
Capital: NF/RO Feed Flow Rate (with OTF):
L/Sec.
5,153.87
54.25
L/Min.
309,232.03
3,255.07
L/day
445,294,118
gpm
gph
81,690.50 4,901,429.85
859.90
51,594.00
L/Sec.
5,153.87
54.25
L/Min.
309,232.03
3,255.07
L/day
445,294,118
gpm
gph
81,690.50 4,901,429.85
859.90
51,594.00
0.0
2,628.5
2,766.8
L/day
0
3,785,000
gpm
0.0
694.4
730.9
gph
0
41,662
43,855
gpd
0
999,892
1,052,518
MGD
gal/year
365,202,440
0
3,785
1,382,441
1.1
384,423,621
3,984.2
1,455,201.0
gpd
117,634,316
1,238,256
MGD
117.63
gal/year
42,964,992,991
m3/day
445,294.12
m3/year
162,640,114.12
gpd
117,634,316
1,238,256
MGD
117.63
gal/year
42,964,992,991
m3/day
445,294.12
m3/year
162,640,114.12
3,984,211
1.00
1.00
Note: NF/RO Feed Flow = (Plant Production Flow) / (NF/RO Recovery)
Rapid Mix Feed Flow Rate

O&M: Rapid Mix Feed Flow Rate:*
Capital: Rapid Mix Feed Flow Rate (with OTF):
Note Rapid Mix Feed Flow = (Plant Production Flow) / (NF/RO Recovery)
W ater Treatment Cost Estimation Program
{u}GAC
Granular Activated Carbon Filtration

Units
Desired Flow Rate:
Bed Life (months)

1978 Capital Cost:
Alternative Units
4611 L/s
73,099
12
28,273,633
Water Treatment Cost Estimation Program
6
59,763,158
{u}GAC
Alternative Units
3
398,421 m /day
gpm
Alternative Units
3
79,684,211
Project Name
Model Development
Date
Stage
06/07/04
A1
Cost reports for water treatment processes

Production Capacity
Average Daily Flow (for O&M)
Peak Daily Flow (for capital)
378,500
138,244,097
99,989
36,520,244
m /day
3
m /year
kgal/day
kgal/year
Cost Parameter
Units
Alternative
Units
Construction Cost
3
$/m
$/kgal
$/yr
Operating Cost
3
$/m
$/kgal
Intake
Process
3,785
1,382,441
1,000
365,202
Pre-Treatment
Ozone
Dose Rate (~5mg/L):
Contact Time (~2 min):
1.0
2.0
mg/L
min
Chlorination
Residual;
Calculated Dose Rate:
Alternative Dose Rate:
2.5
2.5
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Air Stripping
Residual;
2.5
2.5
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Microfiltration
Microfilter system equipment
Number of microfilter
Recovery
Primary Treatment
Gravity Filtration
Calculated Surface Area:
Alternative Surface Area:
Structure:
Backwashing:
Media
Rapid Sand
Coal/Sand
Coal/Sand/Garnet
Coal/GreenSand/Coal
Memcor, 90M10C
103
0.98
5153.9
Desalination
Stabilization
Desalination
773.38
2,927.56
233,064
0.18
0.67
371,544
98.16
371.58
77,792
0.06
0.22
2,120.45
1
180
9857
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
62,355,748
164.74
0.05
$ 2,670,491
0.02
0.07
$
$
$
74,243,293
156,931,146
209,241,528
$
$
$
196.15
414.61
552.82
$
$
$
742.51
1,569.48
2,092.64
$17,655,788
$23,668,969
$26,132,532
$
$
$
0.13
0.17
0.19
$
$
$
0.48
0.65
0.72
$
$
11,921,849
5,647,058
$
$
31.50
14.92
$
$
119.23
56.48
$
$
670,324
59,945
$
$
0.00
0.00
$
$
0.02
0.00
$
$
$
$
1,797,258
1,797,258
2,546,115
2,995,430
8,059,211
21.29
80.60
$
$
$
150,352
234,071
319,042
$
$
$
0.00
0.00
0.00
$
$
$
0.00
0.01
0.01
(decimal)
L/sec
L/sec
81699 gal/min
gal/min
Bed Life
12
6
3
Upflow Solids Contact Clarifier

How Many?
Retention Time (min)
Calculated Surface Area:
Alternative Surface Area:
G Rating %
G Rating %
G Rating %
Reverse Osmosis/Nanofiltration
Membrane Type
Number of elements
Operating Pressure
NaCl Rejection
Recovery
Target Product TDS
Blending? (Y or N)
Ratio (Blend:Product)
2,927,245
#REF!
Granular Activated Carbon

Flow rate
Alternative Flow Rate:
Months
Months
Months
m2
m2
m
m2
2
22825 ft
106101 ft
ft2
70
110
150
$
93,010,050
245.73
930.20
$23,847,981
0.17
0.65
2,208,278
5.83
22.09
$ 3,081,756
0.02
0.08
37,892,808
100.11
378.97
$ 66,640,633
0.48
1.82
150,865
0.00
0.00
2,499,500
6.60
25.00
$ 2,462,340
0.02
0.07
FilmTec
20139
1542
0.995
0.85
50
Y
9.5
elements
kPa
(decimal)
(decimal)
mg/L
224 lb/in
Ion Exchange
Cation Equivalents/L Resin
$/m3 Cation Exchange Resin
Cation Resin Volume:
To Remove Cation Equivalents/L:
Anion Equivalents /L Resin
$/m3 Anion Exchange Resin
Anion Resin Volume
To Remove Anion Equivalents /L:
Run Cycle
20
$1,607
1,577
1.05E-04
11
$6,250
1,577
7.21E-03
1
Ionics Electrodialysis Reversal

Staff Days/day
TDS
3
1000
mg/L
Electrodialysis
Membrane Area:
Product TDS
Number of Stages (1 or 2)
Recovery per Stage
Recovery
0
500
2
0.5
0.75
m2
mg/L
stages
(decimal)
(decimal)
Free Chlorine Level

Sodium Bisulfite: Cost
Calculated Dose
Alternative Dose
1.0
300
1.5
mg/L as Cl2
$/
mg/L
mg/L
Sodium Sulfite: Cost

Calculated Dose
Alternative Dose
300
0.9
$/
mg/L
mg/L
480,299
1.27
4.80
504,695
0.00
0.01
Sulfur Dioxide: Cost

Calculated Dose
Alternative Dose
300
0.9
$/
mg/L
mg/L
480,299
1.27
4.80
504,695
0.00
0.01
m3
3
45 ft
3
56,324 ft
m3
3
175 ft
3
56,324 ft
days
2
0 ft
CO2
Outfall
De-Chlorination
Concentrate Disposal
Cost reports for water treatment processes

Production Capacity
Average Daily Flow (for O&M)
378,500
138,244,097
99,989
36,520,244
Disinfection
Intake
Process
Chlorine
Residual;
Chemical Feed Systems (Main Process)
m /day
3
m /year
kgal/day
kgal/year
Cost Parameter
Units
Alternative
Units
$
$
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Chloramines
Residual:
Calculated Chlorine Dose:
Calculated Ammonia Dose:
Alternative Chlorine Dose
Alternative Ammonia Dose
3
4.1
1.0
6.0
2.0
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Ozone
Dose Rate (~5mg/L):
Contact Time (~2 min):
1.0
2.0
mg/L
min
2.5
%
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Construction Cost
3
$/m
371,544
#VALUE!
0.98
$/kgal
$
#VALUE!
2,927,245
7.73
3.72
#VALUE!
$/yr
Operating Cost
3
$/m
$/kgal
77,792
0.00
0.00
57,885
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
29.28
233,064
Acidification
Feed LSI (for TDS>5000)
-1.77
Conc LSI
0.62
Calc Dose 96% H2SO4 (mg/L)

Alternative:
99.0
7
Conc LSI
mg/L
0.32
w/Acid
#NUM!
#NUM!
#NUM!
151,276
0.00
0.00
Calc Dose 37% HCl (mg/L)

Alternative:
73.4
Conc LSI
mg/L
-1.43
w/Acid
#NUM!
#NUM!
#NUM!
$ 2,708,709
0.02
0.07
328
mg/L
mg/L
kg/hr
Alum (dry feed)

Calculated Dose:
Alternative Dose:
Based on:
Misc. Equipment
3,785
1,382,441
1,000
365,202
2.5
2.5
Chlorine Dioxide
Residual;
Distrib.
Peak Daily Flow (for capital)
64
Alum (liquid feed)

Calculated:
Alternative:
Based on:
Dose Rate
655
Poly Aluminum Chloride

Calculated:
Alternative:
Based on:
Dose Rate
98
Ferric Sulfate
Calculated:
Alternative:
Based on:
Dose Rate
259
Ferric Chloride
Calculated Dose
Alternative Dose
Based on:
128
16
mg/L
mg/L
kg/hr
mg/L
mg/L
kg/hr
1212
mg/L
mg/L
kg/day
266
mg/L
1245
kg/day
Lime & Soda Ash

Leave out Soda Ash "Y" or "N"?
Calculated Lime:
Calculated Soda Ash:
Alternative Lime
Alternative Soda Ash:
Based on Lime dose:
Based on Soda Ash:
Dose Rate
Y
6
0
AntiScalant
Suggested:
Alternative:
Based on:
Cost of Chemical
Dose Rate
0.5
Polyelectrolyte
Suggested:
Alternative:
Based on:
Cost of Chemical
Dose Rate
0.5
222.6
990
mg/L
mg/L
kg/day
$/500 lb
Potassium Permanganate
Calculated:
Alternative:
Based on:
Dose Rate
0
2
891
mg/L
mg/L
kg/day
Pumps
Single Stage Tubine
Variable Speed Turbine
Centrifugal, Singe Stage
Number of pumps:
Height differential:
Discharge pressure:
Full flow rate:
Basis flow rate
Pump Efficiency:
Pipe Diameter:
Motor Efficiency:
HP
Power consumption:
Clearwell
Below Ground Capacity:
Ground Level Capacity:
Daily Production:
118
0
222.6
990
1
1
1750
5.154
5.154
75
0.1
87
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
kg/hr
kg/hr
mg/L
mg/L
kg/day
$/500 lb
pump(s)
m
kPa
m3/s
m3/s
%
m
%
141
282
36
2667
118,587
0.31
1.19
198,162
0.00
0.01
163,393
0.43
1.63
371,823
0.00
0.01
74,547
0.20
0.75
260,653
0.00
0.01
445,537
1.18
4.46
140,350
0.00
0.00
455,307
1.20
4.55
780,776
0.01
0.02
240,456
0.64
2.40
106,016
0.00
0.00
164,315
0.43
1.64
182,717
0.00
0.01
164,315
0.43
1.64
182,717
0.00
0.01
94,662
0.25
0.95
$ 1,309,257
0.01
0.04
$
$
$
9,003,237
4,748,362
1,728,164
$
$
$
23.79
12.55
4.57
$
$
$
90.04
47.49
17.28
$ 22,789,633
0.16
0.62
lb/hr
lb/hr
lb/hr
lb/day
5 - 150
2740
lb/day
259 lb/hr
0 lb/hr
490
490
1959
3.3
254
81699
81699
lb/day
lb/day
lb/day
ft
psi
gal/min
gal/min
Operating Cost Depend on Number and Horsepower only.
3.94 in
111482
128140 kWhr
60,000
55,000
m3
m3
3
3,785 m
15852 kgal
14531 kgal
1000 kgal
$
$
8,118,781
4,317,924
$
$
21.45
11.41
$
$
81.20
43.18
{d}Cost Index
Project Name
Model Development
Date
06/07/04
Cost Indices Data

Date of Cost Indices Values
Cost Indices Categories:

ENR Construction Cost Index
Construction Cost
Wage ($/hr)
ENR Building Cost Index
Building Cost
Skilled Labor
ENR Materials Cost Index
Materials
Materials
Cement ($/ton)
Steel ($/CWT)
Other
Electricity Cost ($/kWHr) 3
Rates and Lifecycles
Interest Rate (%)
Amortization time (yr)
Water Rate ($/kgal)
Month
November
Year
2006
November 2006
Used For
Desalination Costs
Ratio for October 1978 Ratio for 1995
(1913 basis)
(1913 basis)
7910.81 Manufactured & Electrical Equipment

29.05 Labor (for operating the plant - approximation)
2.78
2.81
1.46
0.91
4462.38 Housing
7449.82 Excavation and Sitework, Labor
2.59
3.02
1.44
1.30
2637.27
2637.27
94.42
40.40
2.08
2.08
1.96
2.57
1.19
1.19
1.17
1.43
2.33
1.00
Piping & Valves

Maintanace Materials
Concrete
Steel
0.0700 Power
6.00 On Construction & Bond Money

30.00 For Bond Period
0.00 Cost of Feed Source Water
Notes
References
ENR - Engineering News Record Construction Cost Index published monthly by McGraw Hill in New York City (212-512-2000)
See http://www.enr.com
http://www.enr.com/features/conEco/costIndexes/mostRecentIndexes.asp
2 EPA-600/2-79-162 "Estimating Water Treatment Costs"
3 DOE - Department of Energy "Electric Power Monthly"
Source of DOE data: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-826, "Monthly Electric Sales and Revenue Report with State Distributions Report."
http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/electricity/epm/table5_6_a.html
http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/electricity/epm/epm_sum.html
{e}H20 Analysis
Feed Water Analysis

Last check for accuracy of the MCL values
Component
1/1/2000
Secondary Eff
Aluminum
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Boron
Cadmium
Calcium
Chromium, total
Copper
Iron
Lead
Magnesium
Manganese
Mercury
Nickel
Potassium
Selenium
Silver
Sodium
Strontium
Zinc
Alkalinity-Bicarbonate
Alkalinity-Carbonate
Carbon Dioxide (aq)
Chloride
Cyanide, free
Fluoride
Nitrate (as N)
o-Phosphate
Sulfate
Silica
pH
pOH
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
Total Suspended Solids (TSS)
Conductivity
Temperature
2.1000
40.0000
140.0000
180.00
0.75
7.91
150.00
7.60
7.54
6.46
500
22.00
23.00
11.75
Units
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
pH
pOH
mg/L
mg/L
uS/cm
C
Implement eH-pH diagrams to automatically change valence with pH

Amount
MCL (mg/L) Over MCL
0.05
0.006
0.010
2
0.004
0.5
0.005
--0.1
1
0.3
0.015
--0.05
0.002
----0.05
0.1
----5
------250
0.2
4
10
--250
6.5-8.5
Valence
Charges
Molecular
Wt.
3
3
3
2
2
26.98
121.75
74.92
137.34
9.01
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
4
1
1
2
2
-1
-2
0
-1
112.41
40.08
52
63.54
55.85
207.19
24.31
54.94
200.59
58.71
39.1
78.96
107.87
22.99
87.62
65.37
61
60
44
35.45
-1
-1
-3
-2
19
14
94
96
1
-1
1
1
Equivalent
Weight
Moles/
Liter
Equiv./
Liter
Ionic
Strength
mg/L as
CaCO3
20.04
5.24E-05 1.05E-04 2.10E-04
5.24
39.10
1.02E-03 1.02E-03 1.02E-03
102.30
22.99
6.09E-03 6.09E-03 6.09E-03
608.96
61.00
30.00
35.45
2.95E-03 2.95E-03 2.95E-03

1.25E-05 2.50E-05 5.00E-05
1.80E-04
4.23E-03 4.23E-03 4.23E-03
295.08
1.25
17.98
423.13
1.00
1.00
2.88E-08 2.88E-11 2.88E-08

3.47E-07 3.47E-10 3.47E-07
0.00
0.03
500
-------
Page 18
{f}RO&NF Input
Project Name
Model Development
Date
Stage
06/07/04
A1
RO & NF INPUT
95.9
574 35.08536585
7570
Process Input
Construction Cost Input
Operations & Maintenance Cost Input
Applicable Range
Lower Limit Upper Limit
Flow & Water Quality
Primary Treatment Product Flow
Feed TDS
4795.5 L/s
4380.8 L/s
500 mg/L
Production TDS (target)

50 mg/L
Percent of Mono-valent ions
1.00 Decimal
Percent of Multi-valent ions
0.00 Decimal
Average Molecular Weight
35.82 g/mol
Allow Blending
Y
Yes (Y) or No (N)
Recovery Rate
0.85 Decimal
Product TDS
3 mg/L
Product Flow
3966.0 L/s
NF/RO Feed Flow
4665.9 L/s
Concentrate TDS
3317 mg/L
Concentrate Flow
699.9 L/s
Bypass flow for blending
414.75 L/s
% blending
9.5 %
Membrane Manufacturer Specifications
Membrane Manufacturer
FilmTec
Model #
BW30-400
Membrane Diameter
20.32 (10.16 or 20.32 cm)
Productivity
23 m3/day
Area per module
37 m2
Operating pressure, Papp
1550 kPa
Test solution TDS
1500 mg/L
Avg. MW of TDS,
58 mg/mmole NaCl
Chloride Rejection
99.5 %
Sulfate Rejection
99.8 %
Recovery Rate
10 %
o
Temperature
25 C
NaCl dissociation constant
0.99
Cf, conc. of salt in feed water
Cp, conc. of salt in product water
Cr, conc. of salt in reject
Cm, bulk conc.
Osmotic pressure
Net driving pressure, NDPo
A, water transport coefficient
Operating pressure
Net driving pressure , NDPi
26 mole/m3
0.13 mole/m3
29 mole/m3
27 mole/m3
146 kpa
1404 kpa
3 -2
-1
-1
4.64E-12 m m Pa sec
1404 kPa
Cr, conc. of salt in reject

Cm, conc. of
14 mole/m3
3
0.062 mole/m
3
93 mole/m
3
53 mole/m
Temperature
Temperature Coefficient =1.023^(-25+T)
Osmotic pressure, Posm
Applied pressure, Papp
o
12 C
0.740
138 kpa
1542 kPa
Cf, conc. of salt in feed water

Cp, conc. of salt in product water
76019 gpm
69444 gpm
62870 gpm
73964 gpm
11095 gpm
6575 gpm
8.0
6.1
398
225
in
kgal/day
ft2
psi
0.995 decimal
0.998 decimal
o
77 F
21 psi
203.8 psi
203.8 psi
Applicable Range
Membrane & Unit Configuration
Membrane Capacity
Bypass
Total Capacity
Element Productivity
Flux
Number of Elements
Number of elements per vessel
Number of Elements
Number of Pressure Vessels
Max Vessels per Skid
Number of Skids (manual input)
Number of Skids (automatic calc)
Recovery Rate
Building Area
Administrative Area
Odor Control?
Emergency Generatore Size
High Pressure Feed Pump
Pump Style
Height DIfference
Motor Efficiency
Pump Efficiency
Coupling Efficiency
Number of Pumps
Differential Pressure
Capacity per pump
Pipe X-Sectional Area
Size
Energy Recovery for Seawater
Efficiency
Efficiency
Transfer Pumps (to HPP)
Pump Style
Height DIfference
20 psi
0.46
20,137.0
7
20139
2877
60
m3/(m2 * day)
elements
elements / vessel
elements
for 2:1 array
vessels / skid
skids
skids
Decimal
m2
2
m
Yes (Y) or No (N)
MW
Yes (Y) or No (N)
48
0.85
10934
100
N
0.7
Y
PD
Y
css
Length of Pipe
Motor Efficiency
Pump Efficiency
Coupling Efficiency
Number Pumps
Pressure Differential
Capacity per Pump
Size
90,532,544
9,467,456
100,000,000
4,496
gpd
gpd
gpd
gpd
Electricity Rate
Chemical Costs
Citric Acid
H2PO4
11.29 gfd
NaOH
Membrane Life
Ave Intrinsic Rejection
Ave Observed Rejection
Apparent Rejection
Productivity
Cleaning Rate
Staff Days/day
Labor Rate
Lifetime
Interest Rate
117692 ft2
2
1076 ft
0.07 $/kWh
0.14 $/kg
23.7 $/kg
18
3
0.996
0.996
0.996
23
6
30
29.05
30
6
*PD, VST or CSS
4
0.95
0.90
1.00
21
1542
0.245
0.098
528.3
kPa
m3/s
m2
$/kg 50%
Years
Test Solution
Site Concentrate
m3/module
per Year
$/hr
Years
%
Some Example Membrane Specifications

Date last checked:
Type
Membrane Manufacturer
FilmTec
Model #
BW30-400
Membrane Diameter (cm)
Productivity (m3/day)
Area per module (m2)
Operating pressure, Papp (kPa)
Test solution TDS
Avg. MW of TDS,
Chloride Rejection
Sulfate Rejection
Recovery Rate
Temperature (oC)
Sufuric acid
Sodium Hydroxide
Antiscalant
Disinfectant
H2PO4
224 psi
3890 gpm
2
152.2 in
hp
Yes (Y) or No (N)
error
error
0.60
0.00 This number is the efficiency of the energy recovery device - it reduces the size of the High Pressure pump
Yes (Y) or No (N)
HCl 37%
VST or CSS
2 m
310 kPa
3
0.258 m /s
2
0.103 m
Y
CSS
6.56 ft
45.0 psi
4085.0 gpm
2
1.11 ft
163 hp
Yes (Y) or No (N)
VST or CSS
2 m
6.56 ft
10 m
0.94
0.75
32.81 ft
1.00
20
310 kPa
0.219 m3/s
0.088 m2
139 hp
Hydranautics
8040LHYCPA2
FilmTec
SW30-8040
20.32
40
37
1550
2000
58.44
99.5
99.8
15
25
20.32
41.6
37.2
1550
1500
58.4
99
99.8
15
25
20.32
23
27.7
5500
35000
58.44
99.1
99.8
10
25
9/24/2004
9/24/2004
NF
NF
DuPont
Koch/Fluid Systems
Koch/Fluid Systems
Koch/Fluid Systems
6880T B-10 Twin
FS8822HR400 Prem
TFC-S4 (4920 S)
TFC-SR2 8" (8723 SR2-400)
20.32
10.16
20.32
32.2
7.6
45.4
30.7
7.2
37.2
1550
552
380
2000
850
2000
58.4
58.4
58.4
99.7
85
20
99.9
98.5
97
10
15
15
25
25
25
13.12 ft
0.94
0.75
1.00
20
Capacity per Pump
Pump Style
Height DIfference
224 psi
m /day
3
m /day
m3/day
m3/day
Motor Efficiency
Pump Efficiency
Coupling Efficiency
Number Transfer Pumps
Size
Product Water Pump
342,666
35,834
378,500
17
350
350
45.0 psi
3472.2 gpm
0.29 ft
Densities
1.84
2.13
1.3
1
1.7
g/mL
g/mL
g/mL
g/mL
g/mL
Cost
0.11
$/kg
0.14
$/kg
20.32
60.5
1810
6890
35000
58.44
99.1
99.8
35
25
Rowpu SW30M-6040 8040 HSY SWC

Rowpu SW30M-6040 8040 HSY SWC
15.24
20.2
8
23.5
4389.0
29.26
5500
5500
19000
32000
58.44
58.44
99
99.2
99
99.8
8
10
25
25
NF 90
BW30
90
95
8" size
99
99.5
8" size
{g}RO&NF Output
Project Name
Model Development
Date
Stage
06/07/04
A1
RO & NF OUTPUT
Estimating Construction Costs for NF90 Membrane Treatment Plant
Estimating O&M Costs
Membranes
RO Skids
Building
Electrical
Insturmentation & Controls
$
$
$
$
$
10,069,500
20,542,736
17,124,107
5,634,062
4,843,764
Steel
Housing
Manf & Elect
Manf & Elect
High Pressure Pumps

Energy Recovery for Seawater
Transfer Pumps
Product Water Pumps
$
$
$
$
3,955,456
1,518,818
1,212,889
Piping
Manf & Elect
Piping
Piping
Odor Control
Process Piping
Yard Piping
Cartridge Filters
Membrane Cleaning Equip
Contractor Engineering & Training
Concentrate Treatment & Piping
Generators
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
76,888
67,117
20,465
97,574
91,266
806,912
73,271
Sitework
Total Direct Capital Costs
$
$
7,144,179
73,279,004
Indirect Capital Costs

Interest During Construction
Contingencies
A&E Fees, Proj. Management
Working Capital
Total Indirect Captial Cost
$
$
$
$
$
3,663,950
4,379,095
8,756,841
2,931,160
19,731,046
Total Construction Cost
$ 93,010,050
Cost per m3/day capacity

Cost per gpd capacity
$
$
@
@
@
With Base of
$
500
$
5,000
$
1,076
$
977
add $300,000 for top of the
$ line 65,000
DAC
$/module
$/Vessel
2
$/m
$100/ft2
3
$/m
base cost
68,878,199 kWhr
20,243,395 kWhr
17,206,886 kWhr
Piping
Piping
Piping
Maint Materials
Manf & Elect
Labor
Piping
Electrical
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
Electrical
50,000
55,000
50,000
15,000
67,000
100,000
3
13 $/m
0.7 MW
base cost
base cost
base cost
base cost
From Reference
base cost
Concentrate
RO & Building
3
14.53 $/m
5
6
12
4
27
% of Total
% of Total
% of Total
% of Total
246
0.93
References
Based on "Estimating the Cost of Membrane (RO or NF) Water Treatment Plants" By William B. Suratt, P.E., Camp Dresser & McKee Inc. Vero Beach Florida
Presented at the AWWA Membrane Technology Conference, Reno, NV, 1995. also published as "Estimating the cost of membrane water treatment plants."
Electricity
Labor
Membrane Replacement
Cleaning Chemicals
Cartridge Filters
Repairs and Replacement
Insurance
Lab fees
Total O&M Cost
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
7,442,994
2,544,780
3,988,841
261,376
1,695,709
435,421
174,169
547,612
17,090,902
Capital Recovery
O&M
$
$
6,757,079
17,090,902
Annual cost
$/m3 Product
$/1000 gal Product
$/acre foot Product
$
$
$
$
23,847,981
0.18
0.69
224.12
Total Costs
Project Name
Model Development
Date
Stage
06/07/04
A1
Recarbonation Basins
Not currently being used
Cost Category (ft )

Cost Category (m3)
Excavation & Sitework
Concrete
Steel
Labor
Pipe & Valves
Subtotal
Miscellaneous & contingency
Total
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
770
22
520
1,380
2,250
2,830
90
7,070
1,060
8,130
Excavation & Sitework

Concrete
Steel
Labor
Pipe & Valves
Subtotal
Miscellaneous & contingency
Total
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
1375
39
620
1,860
3,010
3,800
130
9,420
1,410
10,830
0.07
0.20
0.32
0.40
0.01
1.00
0.15
1.15
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
0.07
0.20
0.32
0.40
0.01
1.00
0.15
1.15
Single Basin Volume

2750
5630
78
159
980 $ 1,390 $
2,820 $ 4,050 $
4,670 $ 6,560 $
5,730 $ 8,090 $
250 $
480 $
14,450 $ 20,570 $
2,170 $ 3,090 $
16,620 $ 23,660 $
Percent of Subtotal
0.07
0.07
0.20
0.20
0.32
0.32
0.40
0.39
0.02
0.02
1.00
1.00
0.15
0.15
1.15
1.15
8800
249
1,790
5,190
8,320
10,240
680
26,220
3,930
30,150
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
0.07
0.20
0.32
0.39
0.03
1.00
0.15
1.15
17600
498
3,050
8,570
13,960
16,740
1,360
43,680
6,550
50,230
0.07
0.20
0.32
0.38
0.03
1.00
0.15
1.15
1979 $
Construction Cost of Recarbonation Basins 1979 $

$ = -6E-06x2 + 2.5753x + 7900.2
R2 = 0.9981
$250,000
$200,000
$150,000
$100,000
$50,000
$-
Total
Poly. ( Total)
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Volume - Cubic Meters
Construction Cost for Liquid CO2 as CO2 Source

Cost Category (Installed - lb/day)
Cost Category (Installed - kg/day)
380
173
750
341
1500
682
3750
1705
7500
3409
15000
6818
Manufactured Equipment
Labor
Pipe & Valves
Housing
Subtotal
Micsellaneous & Contingency
Total
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
27,000
7,650
1,530
7,360
43,540
6,530
50,070
Manufactured Equipment
Labor
Pipe & Valves
Housing
Subtotal
Micsellaneous & Contingency
Total
$ 31,000
$ 8,780
$ 2,340
$ 7,360
$ 49,480
$ 7,420
$ 56,900
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
35,250
12,170
4,620
7,360
59,400
8,910
68,310
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
49,250
17,330
8,710
7,360
82,650
12,400
95,050
$ 73,000
$ 28,990
$ 16,940
$
8,450
$ 127,380
$ 19,110
$ 146,490
$ 141,000
$ 58,010
$ 37,540
$
8,900
$ 245,450
$ 36,820
$ 282,270
0.62
0.18
0.04
0.17
0.63
0.18
0.05
0.15
Percent of Subtotal
0.59
0.60
0.20
0.21
0.08
0.11
0.12
0.09
0.57
0.23
0.13
0.07
0.57
0.24
0.15
0.04
0.15
1.15
0.15
1.15
0.15
1.15
0.15
1.15
0.15
1.15
7500
3409
4,428
7,700
1,820
13,948
15000
6818
8,549
10,000
2,730
21,279
0.15
1.15
Construction Cost 1978$
Construction Cost of Recarbonation - Liquid CO2 as a CO2 source

y = 55053e0.0003x
R = 0.9727
$350,000
$300,000
$250,000
$200,000
$150,000
$100,000
$50,000
$0
2000
4000
6000
8000
Installed Capacity (kg/day)
O&M Summary for Recarbonation - Liquid CO2 as CO2 source

Cost Category (Installed - lb/day)
Cost Category (Installed - kg/day)
Energy kWhr/yr * $/kWhr
Maintenance Material $/yr
Labor Hr/yr * $/Hr
Total Cost
$
$
$
$
380
173
520
2,860
910
4,290
$/kWhr
$/hr Labor
0.03
10
Energy kWhr/yr * $/kWhr

Maintenance Material $/yr
Labor Hr/yr * $/Hr
Total Cost
0.12
0.67
0.21
1
$
$
$
$
750
341
728
3,300
910
4,938
0.15
0.67
0.18
1
$
$
$
$
1500
682
1,147
4,400
910
6,457
0.18
0.68
0.14
1
$
$
$
$
3750
1705
2,290
5,500
1,820
9,610
$
$
$
$
0.24
0.57
0.19
1
Operation & Maintenance of Recarbonation - Liquid CO2 as a CO2

source
0.32
0.55
0.13
1
$
$
$
$
0.40
0.47
0.13
1
Construction Cost 1979$

assuming from qasim
Operation & Maintenance of Recarbonation - Liquid CO2 as a CO2

source
y = -0.0001x2 + 3.4808x + 3878.7
R = 0.9991
$25,000
$20,000
$15,000
$10,000
$5,000
$0
2000
4000
6000
8000
Installed Capacity (kg/day)
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
35200
997
5,570
15,320
25,240
29,730
3,360
79,220
11,880
91,100
0.07
0.19
0.32
0.38
0.04
1.00
0.15
1.15
Average
0.07
0.20
0.32
0.39
0.02
0.15
ENR Skilled Labor Index

ENR Cement Cost ($/ton)
ENR Steel Cost ($/cwt)
ENR Labor Rate ($/hr)
ENR Materials Index
Average
0.60
0.21
0.09
0.11
ENR Construction Cost Index

ENR Labor Rate ($/hr)
ENR Materials Index
ENR Building Cost Index
0.15
1.15
Average
0.23 Electricity Cost ($/kWhr)
0.60 ENR Materials Index
0.16 ENR Labor Rate ($/hr)
1.00
{i}Acid
Acid: Sulfuric & Hydrochloric Acid

This estimates the amount of acid addition which is depenedent on NF/RO feed flow rate.
Capital Calculations
NF/RO Feed flow (peak day flow w/ OTF)
Dose by mass
Density
Percent solution
Dose by volume
96% H2SO4
(433.69)
(37.47)
7.00
1.841
0.96
0.0040
Dose Rate by volume
(0.1484)
1978 Capital Cost:
Manufactured & Electrical Equipment

Housing
Excavation, Site Work & Labor
Piping and Valves
Steel
Concrete
November, 2006 Capital Cost $:
O&M Calculations
NF/RO Feed flow (average daily flow)
Dose by mass
Density
Percent solution
Dose by volume
Dose Rate by volume
Acid Cost ($/ton):
37% HCL
-433.69
(37.47)
73.40
1.600
0.37
0.1240
L/sec.
m3/day
mg/L
g/L
decimal
mL/L
3
(4.6461) m /day
#NUM!
#NUM!
#NUM!
#NUM!
#NUM!
#NUM!
#NUM!
#NUM!
0.7
0.07
0.16
0.07
0
0
1.00
96% H2SO4
4,665.93
403.14
7.00
1.841
0.96
0.0040
1.5967
$
124
O&M Cost:
Applicable Range
0.04
#NUM!
#NUM!
#NUM!
#NUM!
#NUM!
#NUM!
#NUM!
#NUM!
37% HCL
4665.93
403.14
73.40
1.600
0.37
0.1240
49.9858
72
L/sec.
m3/day
mg/L
g/L
decimal
mL/L
m3/day
1,630
0.04 $
0.05 $
0.91 $
$
1.00 $
136
190
4,173
146,778
151,276
$
$
$
$
$
14,741 1978 Costs
%
Materials
Energy
Labor
Chemical Cost $/yr:
November, 2006 O&M $:
Sulfuric Acid feed

Capital Cost
General Form: (A)*(XB) + C
A=
1,227
1,720
37,723
2,668,039
2,708,709
Today's
Costs
6010.6
20 Limits (From EPA-600/2-79-162b, figure 30-32)
{j}IronCoag
Molecular weight
Bicarbonate Alkalinity:
Alternative dose
Calculated dose
Basis dose rate
Chemical Cost $/ton bulk
Fe2(SO4)3-7H2O
FeCl3 6H20
54
4687307
526.0
180
2.95
0.0
258.6
1,212.2
$150
54
4687307
270.2
180
2.95
0.0
265.7
1,245.4
$1,420
Fe2(SO4)3-7H2O
Capital Cost:
Units
L/sec.
L/day
g/mol
mg/L
mmoles/L
mg/L
mg/L
kg/day
FeCl3 6H20
164,585
168,194
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
328,850
89,611
9,948
17,128
445,537
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
336,061
91,576
10,166
17,503
455,307
24,704
25,298
0.07 $
0.09 $
0.84 $
$
1.00 $
3,599
5,188
58,357
73,206
140,350
$
$
$
$
$
3,686
5,313
59,761
712,017
780,776
%
Housing
Piping and Valves
Steel
Concrete
0.72
0.21
0.02
0.05
0
0
1.000
O&M Cost:
%
Materials
Energy
Labor
Ferric Sulfate Cost $/yr:
November, 2006 Operation & Maintenance $:
Ferric Sulfate Feed

Capital Cost
General Form: A*X^B*e^(C*X)
A=
B=
C=
O&M Cost
General Form: A*e^(B*X)+C
A=
B=
10613
0.319
0.000393
1260926
0.00001394
{j}IronCoag
1978 Costs
Today's
Costs
1978 Costs
Today's
Costs
{k}Alum
Al2(SO4)3-18H2O
Molecular weight of Alum
Cost $/100 lbs.
Bicarbonate Alkalinity
Alternative dose
Alternative dose rate
Calculated Alum Dose Rate (6 mmol/mmol HCO3)
Calculated dose
Basis dose rate
54
195
666.41
15
180
2.95
0
0
0.492
328
64
64
Capital Cost:
Units
L/sec
3
m /hr.
g/mol
per 100 lbs
mg/L
mmoles/L
mg/L
kg/hr
mmoles/L
mg/L
kg/hr.
kg/hr.

4
2300 Limits (From EPA-600/2-79-162b, figure 16)
48,335 1978 Costs Construction Cost Equations (From EPA-600/2-79-162b, figure 16)
$
%

Housing
Piping and Valves
Steel
Concrete
0.46
0.03
0.04
0.47
0
0
1.00
O&M Cost:
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
61,701
3,760
5,843
47,283
118,587
Today's
Costs
4,723 1978 Costs
Applicable Range
4
2300 Limits (From EPA-600/2-79-162b, figure 16)
%
Materials
Energy
Labor
Alum Cost:
0.17 $
0.03 $
0.8 $
$
1.00 $
1,671
331
10,625
185,535
198,162
Today's
Costs
Coagulant: Aluminum Sulfate (Alum) (Liquid) Feed Cost Calculations

Multiplier between dry and liquid
Alternative dose
Basis dose rate
128
2
0
0
128
Capital Cost:
Units
kg/hr.
O&M cost (From EPA-600/2-79-162b, figure 19,20)
mg/L
kg/hr.
kg/hr.
53,996 1978 Costs
$
%

Housing
Piping and Valves
Steel
Concrete
0.71
0.15
0.12
0.02
0
0
1.00
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
106,388
41,375
15,005
625
163,393
Applicable Range
4
2500
Construction Cost Equations (From EPA-600/2-79-162b, figure 16)
Today's
Costs
O&M Calculations
Units
Multiplier between dry and liquid
Alternative dose
Basis dose rate
128
2
0
0
128
O&M Cost:
kg/hr.
mg/L
kg/hr.
kg/hr.
$
2,376 1978 Costs O&M cost (From EPA-600/2-79-162b, figure 17,18)
%
Materials
Energy
Labor
Alum Cost:
0.04 $
0.59 $
0.37 $
$
1.00 $
198
272
283
371,069
371,823
Today's
Costs
Applicable Range
4
2500
Alum Feed
Capital Cost
General Form: A*X^(B)*e^(C*X)
A=
B=
C=
Dry Feed
12333.4
0.3205
0.000515
Liquid Feed
13223.3
0.285
0.000377
Dry Feed
Liquid Feed
O&M Cost
{L}PACl
Al6(OH)12Cl6
Primary Treatment Feed flow (peak day flow w/ OTF)
MW of PACL
Cost $/100 lbs.:
Bicarbonate Alkalinity:
PACl Dose Rate
PACl Dose Rate (18:1 HCO3:PACl)
Basis dose rate
1978 Capital Cost:
46
166
596.66
80
0
0
180
2.95
98
0.164
16
16
%

Housing
Piping and Valves
Steel
Concrete
0.46
0.03
0.04
0.47
0
0
1.00
1978 O&M Cost:
Materials
Energy
Labor
Alum Cost:
Units
L/sec.
m3/hr.
g/mol
per 100 lbs.
mg/L
kg/hr
mg/L
mmoles/L
mg/L
mmoles/L
kg/hr.
kg/hr.
$
30,385 1978 Costs
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
38,787
2,363
3,673
29,723
74,547
$
0.17 $
0.03 $
0.8 $
$
1.00
1,275
252
8,107
251,020
260,653
Dry Feed
Liquid Feed
12333.4
13223.3
0.3205
0.285
0.000515
0.000377
O&M Cost
A=
B=
C=
Today's
Costs
3,603 1978 Costs
Alum Feed
Capital Cost
General Form: A*X^(B)*e^(C*X)
A=
B=
C=
Applicable Range
4
2300
Dry Feed
Liquid Feed
1205293
-6880.7
0.000019433
-0.000659
-1202070
8700
Today's
Costs
{L}PACl
{m}De-Cl2
(not included here are: sodium thiosulfate, hydrogen peroxide, ammonia)

NaHSO3
Volume Treated ():
Na2SO3
SO2
m3/day
445,294
Free Chlorine Level (mg/L)
1 mg/L
Default Free Chlorine Level (mg/L)
0.5
0.5
0.5 mg/L
Calculated dose rate (mg/L)

Alternative dose rate (mg/L)
Basis dose rate kg/day:
Water Usage (totally dissolved)
Cost $/ton:
1.47
0
654.6
0.0
300 $
0.9
0
400.8
0.0
300 $
0.9
0
400.8
0.0
300
mg/L
mg/L
kg/day
$/ton
Relationship between ORP & Dose, see Membrane Manual 29

1978 Capital Cost:

Housing
Piping and Valves
Steel
Concrete
1978 O&M Cost:
Materials
Energy
Labor
Chemical Cost $/yr:
$ 922,114
########
$ 454,246
$ 111,474
$ 19,192
$
$ 72,149
########
$ 177,192
$ 354,039
$ 87,287
$ 21,421
$ 3,688
$
$ 13,864
$ 480,299
$ 177,192
$ 354,039
$ 87,287
$ 21,421
$ 3,688
$
$ 13,864
$ 480,299
$ 11,633
0.24 $ 460,617
0.1 $ 215,160
0.66 ########
$ 75,072
1.00 ########
$ 6,879
$ 88,511
$ 41,345
$ 328,877
$ 45,963
$ 504,695
$ 6,879
$ 88,511
$ 41,345
$ 328,877
$ 45,963
$ 504,695
0.72
0.19
0.04
0.01
0
0.04
1.00
Polymer Feed - Yes I know - This is a place holder equiation. I need to find out how these chemical injection systems differ fro
Capital Cost
A=
11760.71
B=
0.00665
C=
8200
O&M Cost
General Form: A*e^(B*X)
A=
B=
3000.8
0.00207
{m}De-Cl2
Chemical options:
Applicable Range
0.5
100
ese chemical injection systems differ from polymer.
{n}CL2
Units
Production Flow
Chromium (Cr 2+):
Nickel (Ni 2+):
Iron (Fe 2+):
Manganese (Mn 2+):
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Total:
Desired Residual
Cl2 needed
Alternative Dose
Basis
Cl2 Cost
2.50
2.50
0.00
946.25
20
1978 Capital Cost:

Housing
Piping and Valves
Steel
Concrete
1978 O&M Cost:

Materials
Energy
Labor
Chemical Cost $/yr:
Chlorine storage and feed with Cylinder storage

Capital Cost
General Form: A*X^B + C
A=
B=
C=
O&M Cost
General Form: A*X^B+C
A=
B=
C=
Alternative Units
4,380.79 L/sec.
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
kg/day
per ton, tanks
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
137,974
199,102
135,936
25,019
11,487
371,544
$
0.18 $
0.18 $
0.64 $
$
1.00 $
27,196
10,189
11,422
48,947
7,234
77,792
0.52
0.38
0.06
0.04
0
0
1.00
680.75
0.763
11010
47.6
0.89
6000
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
3.52E-02
3.52E-02
mMoles/L
mMoles/L
mMoles/L
mMoles/L
mMoles/L
mMoles/L
mMoles/L
NHCL
Data from water analysis.
Production Flow to be treated
Units
4380.79 L/sec.
Alternative Units
Chromium (Cr):
Copper (Cu):
Iron (Fe):
Manganese (Mn):
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Desired NH2Cl Residual
3.00 mg/L
5.84E-02 mMoles/L
Cl2 needed/L:
Ammonia Needed/L:
Calculated Cl2 Dose
4.14 mg/L
0.99 mg/L
5.84E-02 mMoles/L
5.84E-02 mMoles/L
1568.49 kg/day
Alternative Cl2 Dose
2.15 kg/day
Basis Cl2 Dose

Cl2 Cost $/ton:
Calculated Aqua Ammonia
Alternative Aqua Ammonia
Basis Ammonia kg/day:
NH4OH Cost $/ton:
Total Capital Cost
Total O&M Cost
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
mMoles/L
mMoles/L
mMoles/L
mMoles/L
Applicable Range
20 per ton
375.55
757.00
757.00
200
Applicable Range
4
4500
Limits (From EPA-600/2-79-162b,
figure storage
1-3)
Chlorine
and feed with Cylinder storage
2.15 kg/day
$
The addition of Chlorine and Ammonia to water produces chloramines.

Chloramines are the "combined chlorine residual." They are more persistent
in the water lines than "free chlorine," which is HOCl, and OCl-.
If there is sufficient ammonia in the water already, it doesn't need to be added,
of course. If not, chlorine and aqueous ammonia should be added at the molar
ratio of 1:1, Cl2:NH3(aq). We will use the moles of divalent metal ions
and NO2- to calculate a chlorine demand. The molar ratio is 1:2 Cl2 to divalent
cations, and 1:1 for Cl2:NO2-. The residual for Chloramines must be at least
2 mg/L which translates to approximately .03 moles per liter at pH 7.
kg/day
kg/day
kg/day
per ton
1665.4 lbs/day
#VALUE!
$57,885
O&M Cost
A=
B=
C=
Source: Qasim, et al, Aug. 1992, AWWA
Chlorine Feed
1978 Capital Cost:

Housing
Piping and Valves
Steel
Concrete
1978 O&M Cost:
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
12,230
16,489
10,844
2,036
957
30,326
0.18 $
0.18 $
0.64 $
$
1.00 $
16
16
0.52
0.38
0.06
0.04
0
0
1.00
Capital Cost:
A*X^B*e^(C*X)
A=
B=
C=
O&M Cost:
A*e^(B*X) +C
A=
B=
C=
Ammonia Feed
1978 Capital Cost:

Housing
Piping and Valves
Steel
Concrete
1978 O&M Cost:
Materials
Energy
Labor
Ammonia Cost:
0.66
0.09
0.15
0.1
0
0
1.00
%
$
0.4 $
0.06 $
0.54 $
$
1.00 $
680.75
0.763
11010
47.6
0.89
6000
Anhydrous Ammonia Feed

same place and form.
X=kg/day ammonia feed capacity
Materials
Energy
Labor
Chemical Cost $/yr:
General Form: A*X^B + C
110
2300
Capital Cost
Limits (From EPA-600/2-79-162b,
A= figure 42-44)
B=
C=
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
12,776
57,869
57,869
3849.2
mg/L
-0.000035
-28063
-2.41E-04
36160
{p} Ozone

Flow Rate:
Ozone level required (typically 1-5 mg/L)
Total ozone needed:
Contact time :
Contact chamber size:
Power (~26.5kWh per kg ozone):
4380.79
262847
1
378.50
2
525.7
22067
Units
L/s
L/min
mg/L
kg/day
min
m3
Alternative Units
69444 gpm
832.7 lbs/day
3
##### ft
kWh
TOTAL CONSTRUCTION COSTS: $ 2,927,245

TOTAL OPERATING COSTS: $
233,064
Note: Ozone requirements (ozone demand) are based on water quality analysis outside of this program
Ozone Generator:
Ozone Requirements:
1978 Capital Cost:
Contact Chamber:
378.50 kg/day

Housing
Piping and Valves
Steel
Concrete
1978 O&M Cost:
Materials
Energy
Labor
Ozone Generation Costs
Construction Costs:
General Form: A *X ^B*e^(C*X)
A=
B=
C=
O & M Costs:
A=
B=
C=
0.81
0.03
0.16
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
$ 972,674
#######
$ 75,656
$ 470,344
$
$
$
#######
0.11
0.77
0.12
1.00
$ 98,627
$ 22,580
$ 177,200
$ 33,283
$ 233,064
Applicable Range
4
1800
18631.2
0.674
-0.000121
1978 Capital Cost:

B) Manufactured Equipment
H) Housing
A) Excavation and Site Work
F) Piping and Valves
D) Steel
C) Concrete
Capital Cost:
%
0.00
0.00
0.50
0.00
0.31
0.19
1.00
Ozone Contact Chamber Costs

Construction Costs:
General Form: A *X ^B+C
A=
1771.4
B=
0.5967
C=
1700
O&M Costs: NONE
392.4
0.919
6800
$ 72,735
$
$
######
$
$ 57,911
$ 27,032
######
{q}LimeFeed
Volume Treated
FROM WATER ANALYSIS

Ca (2+):
Mg (2+):
HCO3 (-):
CO2 (2-):
Excess:
Total
volume treated:
Lime Dose:
Lime Cost $/ton:
Soda Ash Cost $/ton:
Alternative dosage rate Lime
Alternative dosage rate Soda
Lime
Requirement
Purity
0.9
5154 L/sec.
2.1
0.0
180.0
0.8
Units
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Alternative Units
0.1 mmoles/L
0.0 mmoles/L
3.0 mmoles/L
0.0 mmoles/L
Soda Ash
Requirement
0.58
0.0 mg/L
0.0
0.0
0.72
5.0
6.4
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
0.0 mg/L
118 mg/L
0 mg/L
18554 m /hr.
$
$
60
160
0.0
0.0
Basis Lime:
Basis Soda:
1978 Capital Cost:
117.8 kg/hr
0.0 kg/hr

Housing
Piping and Valves
Steel
Concrete
1978 O&M Cost:
Materials
Energy
Labor
Lime Cost:
mg/L
per ton
kg/hr.
kg/hr.
0.7
0.25
0.02
0.03
0
0
1.00
%
Applicable Range
4
4500 Limits (From EPA-600/2-79-162b, figure 24-26)
4
4500
$
88,611
$ 172,131
$
57,435
$
5,356
$
5,533
$
$
$ 240,456
$
15,124
0.06 $
1,889
0.09 $
3,176
0.85 $
36,151
$
64,799
1.00 $ 106,016
Updated from
EPA-600/2-79-162b, Aug. 1979
{q}LimeFeed
Mg
Ratio
Limit
eq
mg/L
Ca
1
0.00
0.00
0.0
Mg
Ratio
eq
mg/L
Ca
(From EPA-600/2-79-162b, figure 24-26)
1.80
1
0.05
2.1
Ca
1
0.000
0.0
100
0.09
100
11.4
19
HCO3+CO2 Ca(OH)2 Mg and Ca react with Alkalinity and Lime to precipitate CaCO3 and Mg(OH)2
4
3
0.00
0.0
1
0.00
0.0
Mg
Ratio
eq
mg/L
0.00
0.0
0.00
0.0
HCO3+CO2 Ca(OH)2 Remaining Mg or Ca react with remaining alkalinity

2
1
5.94
0.00
362.1
0.0
Na2CO3
Ca(OH)2 If Ca and/or Mg are in excess of Alkalinity, then add soda ash
1 1*mg+1*Ca 1*Mg
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.0
0.0
0.0
mol/m3
g/mol Calcium Carbonate
g CaCO3 /m3 treated
g sludge/m3 treated assuming 30% solids
8,493 kg sludge per day

18,684 lbs sludge per day
{r}Antiscalent
Units
Volume Treated
Alternative dosage rate (default = 0.5 mg/L):
Basis Polymer Feed
American Water Chemicals $/500 lb.:
1978 Capital Cost:
5,154
0
222.6
500

Housing
Piping and Valves
Steel
Concrete
1978 O&M Cost:
0.76
0.19
0.04
0.01
0
0
1.00
%
Materials
Energy
Labor
AntiScalant Cost $/yr:
Polymer Feed
Capital Cost
A=
B=
C=
Alternative Units
L/sec.
445,294
mg/L
kg/day
per 500 lbs.
$ 59,895
$ 126,323
$ 29,505
$
7,241
$
1,247
$
$
$ 164,315
$
4,758
0.1 $
990
0.24 $
2,664
0.66 $
8,830
$ 170,232
1.00 $ 182,717
11760.71
0.00665
8200
O&M Cost
A=
B=
3000.8
0.00207
{s}PolyElectrolyte
Units
Volume Treated
Alternative dosage rate (default = 0.5 mg/L):
Basis Polymer Feed
American Water Chemicals $/500 lb.:
1978 Capital Cost:
1978 O&M Cost:
Materials
Energy
Labor
PolyElectrolyte Cost $/yr:
O&M Cost
A=
B=
L/sec.
mg/L
kg/day
per 500 lbs.
0.76
0.19
0.04
0.01
0
0
1.00
$ 59,895
$ 126,323
$ 29,505
$
7,241
$
1,247
$
$
$ 164,315

Housing
Piping and Valves
Steel
Concrete
Polymer Feed
Capital Cost
A=
B=
C=
5154
0
222.6
500
Alternative Units
445,294
$
4,758
0.1 $
990
0.24 $
2,664
0.66 $
8,830
$ 170,232
1.00 $ 182,717
11760.71
0.00665
8200
3000.8
0.00207
{t}KMnO4
Units
Feed/Product Flow
Mn 2+
Fe 2+
Calculated KMnO4 Dose:
Alternative dosage rate
Basis KMnO4
KMnO4 $/lb (hopper trucks):
5154
0.00
0.00
0.000
2
890.6
1.9
1978 Capital Cost:

Housing
Piping and Valves
Steel
Concrete
1978 O&M Cost:

Materials
Energy
Labor
KMnO4 Cost $/yr:
Permanganate Feed
Capital Cost
General Form: A*X^B*e^(C*X)
A=
B=
C=
0.66
0.19
0.05
0.1
0
0
1.00
L/sec.
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
kg/day
per lb.
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
Alternative Units
3
445,294 m /day
35,277
64,612
17,378
5,331
7,342
94,662
$ 5,600
0.03 $
350
0.05 $
653
0.92 $ 14,488
########
1.00 ########
9681.7
0.0304
0.00122
O&M Cost
A=
B=
C=
-2125.9
-0.01689
5600
{v}Clearwell
Construction cost for clear well storage

Below Ground (concrete)
Storage Capacity
15852 kgal
3
60000 m
1978 Capital Cost:

Housing
Piping and Valves
Steel
Concrete
November, 2006 Capital Cost:
November, 2006 Unit Cost ($/kgal)
0.02
0.13
0.3173
0
0.2753
0.25695
1.00
$512
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
3,169,927
175,936
1,068,429
3,039,822
2,241,342
1,593,252
8,118,781
Data from EPA-600/2-79-162b, August 1979, pg453-454. They are used in determining cost formula.
{v}Clearwell
Ground Level (steel)

Storage Capacity
1978 Capital Cost:

Housing
Piping and Valves
Steel
Concrete
November, 2006 Capital Cost:
November, 2006 Unit Cost ($/kgal)
14531 kgal
3
55000 m
%
0.6891
0.13
0.01
0.07066
0.044
0.0569
1.00
$297
$ 1,628,817
$ 3,114,799
$
548,995
$
49,227
$
239,546
$
184,068
$
181,289
$ 4,317,924
ining cost formula.
{w}GravityFilt
Units
Desired Flow Rate
Temperature
Total Suspended Solids
Wash Cycle
TSS Density
Media Depth
22.0
24
35
1.2
Maximum Media Capacity

Required Media Volume
Calculated Bed Area:
Alternative Bed Area:
Tank Depth
Backwash rate
Backwash duration
Backwash frequency
Loading Rate
Media Cost Delivered
$/yd3 Sand
$/yd3 Coal
$/yd3 Greensand
$/yd3 Garnet
Alternative Units
81721 gpm
5153.87 L/s
53.15 oF
110
2,544.54
2,120.45
0.00
1.56
13.93
6
mg/L
hr
g/L*
m
L-TSS/m3*
m3
m2
m2
m
gpm/ft2
min.
times per day
1.31 yd
3328.26
4156.08
0.00
1.7
yd3
yd2
yd2
yd
2.2 gpm/sqft
$
$
$
$
540
540
1,620
1,215
TOTAL CONSTRUCTION COSTS:

Rapid Sand:
Coal/ Sand:
Coal/ Sand/ Garnet:
Sand/Greensand/Coal
TOTAL OPERATING COSTS:
Media costs assume equal parts of each type.
$
$
$
$
699
699
2,098
1,573
$/m3
$/m3
$/m3
$/m3
$ 17,568,907
$ 1,797,258
$ 1,797,258
$ 2,546,115
$ 2,995,430
$
730,268
*Media capacity based on information in 'Water Treatment and Plant Design',

R.L. Sanks, Co: 1978, Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc.
Construction cost is 100% Manufactured Equipment
O&M costs are included with the structure.
{w}GravityFilt
Gravity Filter
Backwashing Pump
Gravity Filter Structure

Applicable Range
Lower Limit
Upper Limit
What is relationship of BW pump to filter

area for min and max calcs
Actual
Filter area (m2):
2,120.45
13
2600
Filter area (m ):
1978 Capital Cost:
2,150,536
1978 Capital Cost:

Housing
Piping and Valves
Steel
Concrete
0.69
0
0.07
0.24
0
0
1.00
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
4,117,857
454,960
1,074,241
5,647,058

Housing
Piping and Valves
Steel
Concrete
1978 O&M Cost:

Materials
Energy
Labor
%
0.24
0.52
0.24
1.00
$
$
$
$
$
25,105
12,540
30,460
16,944
59,945
Backwash Pumping Costs

Construction Costs:
General Form: A + B*X + C*X^2
A=
B=
C=
O & M Costs:
A=
B=
C=
36000
1254.21
-0.1212
73.3
0.75
2200
1978 O&M Cost:

Materials
Energy
Labor
Gravity Filter Structure Costs

Construction Costs:
General Form: A *X^B*e^(CX)
A=
B=
C=
O & M Costs:
A=
B=
C=
Applicable Range
Lower Limit
Upper Limit
18000
Actual
2,120.45
13
4,625,190
0.26
0.18
0.22
0.23
0.05
0.06
1.00
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
3,337,171
2,158,515
3,075,255
2,214,120
593,953
542,835
11,921,849
0.12
0.36
0.52
1.00
$
$
$
$
$
262,655
65,601
220,630
384,092
670,324
35483.4
0.591
0.000162
359.5
0.8568
8100
260016000
14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
y = 53.377x0.7007
R = 0.9941
1000
50
100
200
300
400
600
800
1000
1200
2000
1400
1600
1800
2000
2300
2600
2800
{x}UFSCC
Upflow Solids Contact Clarifier (UFSCC)

Retention Time
Assumed Depth = 4.8 m
Calculated Settling Area
Alternative settling Area
Basis:
4380.79
180
4.8
9856.8
0
9856.8
1978 Construction Cost

Housing
Piping and Valves
Steel
Concrete
%
0.516
0
0.293
0
0.11
0.081
%
1978 O&M Cost:
Materials
Energy
Labor
Units
L/sec
min.
m
m2
m2
2
m
Alternative Units
69444 gpm
$ 2,921,679
$ 4,183,673
$
$ 2,587,194
$
$ 825,425
$ 462,918
$ 8,059,211
G=70
$
58,325
0.17 $
20,637
0.23 $
31,301
0.6 $
98,413
$ 150,352
G=110
$ 92,595
0.14 $ 26,981
0.38 $ 82,101
0.48 $ 124,989
$ 234,071
Construction Cost Equations (From EPA-600/2-79-162b, figure 63)

$ = a+b*x
a
b
<400 m2
62801.114 416.77163
>400 m2
132264.71 244.33215
O&M Cost (From EPA-600/2-79-162b figure 63 & 64)
$=a+b*x
G = 70
G = 110
G = 150
a
b
5967.9519 5.3118202
5806.5744
8.80491
5939.8245 12.384121
$
0.11 $
0.5 $
0.39 $
$
G=150
128,007
29,307
149,342
140,393
319,042
{y}IX
Ion Exchange
Regeneration/Backwashing Pump

Equiv/L , CATION >+1
Equiv/L , ANION
Service Flow Rate :
Cation Equivalents/Liter of Resin
Anion Equivalents/Liter of Resin
Desired Run Cycle:
4380.79
1.05E-04
7.21E-03
20
20
11
1
Medium:
Min Volume:
Time until exhaustion of min volume:
Resin for desired Run Cycle:
Resin Expansion Coefficient
Total Vessel Volume
Nominal Resin Price $/m3
Resin Cost:
Filter area (m2):
L/s
equiv/L
equiv/L
L/(hr*L resin)
equiv/L
equiv/L
days
Applicable Range
16
40
Cation
Anion
3
788.5 m
3.2 days
3
788.54 m
2
3
1,577
1,577 m
$1,607
$6,250
1,267,299 $4,928,385
788.5
397.6
788.54
2
Units
3
150 kg/m
236,563 kg
$0.02 per kg
820,280
10 percent
3
2,366 m
591,406
Mass of NaCl /vol of resin:

NaCl required:
Chemical cost per kg NaCl:
TOTAL CHEMICAL COST PER YEAR:
Chemical concentration:
Regeneration fluid req'd :
STORAGE TANK COST:
Units
Pumping
Height DIfference
Pipe Diameter
Length of Pipe
Efficiency
Number Transfer Pumps
Capacity per Pump
Size
32
0.51
10
78
1
200
5.154
6512.9
m
m
m
kPa
m3/s
hp
1978 Capital Cost:

Housing
Piping and Valves
Steel
Concrete
1978 O&M Cost:
0.69
0.00
0.07
0.24
0.00
0.00
1.00
Materials
Energy
Labor
Vessel:
Aspect ratio:
4 height/dia
2
Bed area :
49.61 m
Base pressure vessel correlation:
Number of Vessels (Reality check) Height is 31.8 m
(446 kPa/ 50 psig)
b=
3.446
log($) = b + m*log(m^3)
m=
0.562
Cost factor for operating pressure:
2
Tank cost at base pressure:
$ 174,786
TOTAL TANK COST:
$ 349,572
Regeneration (with NaCl)
Applicable Range
Actual
49.61
13
2600
Alternative Units
3
9 lb/ft
521,526 lb
$0.01 per lb.
Total Construction Cost:

Housing
Piping and Valves
Steel
Concrete
1978 O&M Cost:
Materials
Energy
Labor
3,570
0.24
0.52
0.24
1.00
$
$
$
$
1,783
4,332
2,410
8,525
0.57
0.01
0.03
0.43
0.00
0.00
1.04
$ 2,208,278 Resin w/ Tank & Regeneration Tank

$ 1,845,612
$
31,839
$
86,053
$ 1,118,253
$
$
$ 3,081,756
$ 820,280
0.24
0.52
0.24
1.00
625 kgal
Alternative Units
80,000 gallon
100,000 gallon
104.3 ft
1.7 ft
32.8 ft
29.0 psi
81,699 gpm
$
97,922
$ 187,501
$
$
20,716
$
48,914
$
$
$ 257,131
319,000.00
333,000.00
$
$
$
$
233,956
426,546
179,673
840,175
{z}MF-P input
Process input
Plant availability (%)
Membrane Module equipment cost
Cost per membrane
modular system flow rate
Flow per module
No. membranes per module
Pump efficiency
Motor efficiency
Design feed pressure
Backflush pressure
Backwash Flow
Backwash intervals
Backwash and backflush duration
99,989,169
100.0
69437
4380
378,459
95
211,500
$650
675
7.5
90
80
93
30
29
600
15
0.1
Units
gpd
MGD
gpm
L/s
3
m /day
Alternative Units
Alternative Units

0.01
378,459,004
L/day
%
90M10C
gpm
gpm
%
%
psi
psi
gpm
minutes
minutes
42.6 L/s
207
200
37.9
900
6
kpa
kpa
L/s
second
second
0.972 MGD
576
0.0104 days
0.0001 days
Operations & Maintenance Cost Input

Electricity Rate
Sodium Hypochlorite Cost
Design dosage
Specific gravity (NaOCl)
Solution concentration
Membrane Life
Staff Days/day
0.07
0.43
200
1.168
12
10
3
Process Flow Calculation

Units
Feed flow
4380.3 L/s
Product flow
4351.1 L/s
Backwash
908.4 L/hr
Recovery rate
99.3 %
Feed pump horsepower
1519 hp
Feed pump (kwh)
9,429,856 kwh
Backflush (kwh)
62,866 kwh
Number of Modules
103
Number of Membranes
9270
Building Area
49995 ft2
$/kWh
$/L
mg/L
%
Years
Alternative Units
69430 gpm
68966 gpm
4 gpm
4645 m2
O&M Cost Estimation

Direct Capital Costs
Membrane Modules
Membrane
Building
Installation
Miscellaneous
Plant interconnecting piping
Engineering
Total Direct Capital Costs
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
21,784,500
6,025,500
4,999,464
7,210,000
1,089,225
1,143,686
2,287,373
44,539,748
Indirect Capital Costs

Interest During Construction
Contingencies
A&E Fees, Proj. Management
Working Capital
Total Indirect Captial Cost
$
$
$
$
$
2,672,000
8,908,000
4,454,000
1,782,000
17,816,000
Total Construction Cost
$ 62,355,748
@
@
@
@
211500
650
100
70000
5
5
10
6
20
10
4
$ each
$ each
2
$/ft2
1076 $/m
$/90M10C
% of Module Cost
% of Module and misc.
% of Module and misc.
Electricity
Labor
Chemicals (Sodium Hypochlorite)
Cleaning Chemicals(NaOCl)
Repairs and Replacement and Misc.
Total O & M Cost
% of Total direct
% of Total direct
% of Total direct
% of Total direct
Total costs
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
664,491
254,000
215,000
603,000
43,000
891,000
2,670,491
163753236.xls.ms_office
Pure water permeability (m3/s)

Feed Flow (m3/s)
Transmembrane pressure (Pa)
Area (m2)
Channel height dh(m)
Cf (mol/m3)
Density (kg/m3)
Viscosity (Pa s)
a (Pa m3mol-1)
Diffusivity of NaCl (m 2/s)
2.66E-04
2.66E-03
1,550,000
37
1.00E-05
3.97E+00
3.97E+01
1,404,096
551245
1.00E-05
25.68
13.96
1000
0.001
4908
1.20E-09
1000
0.001
4908
1.20E-09
Calculated paramters determined by configuration and operating

conditions
Jv (m/s) 1st pass
7.19E-06
7.19E-06
Pv/tm (m3m-2s-1Pa-1)
4.64E-12
5.12E-12
Average Uc (m/s)
Schmidt Number
Reynolds Number
a
b
c
k (m/s) for laminar flow in flat channel
1.44E+01
838
143
0.875
0.250
0.065
3.23E-03
1.44E+01
838
143
0.875
0.250
0.065
3.23E-03
0.996
0.996
0.996
0.996
0.995
0.995
Ra Test
A
A
A
A
A
B
B
B
A and B
Iterations neccessary for model convergence (pp 9.13 item 8, reference A)

Solving the design equations
1
2
3
4
Jv/k
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Recovery
0.1000
0.0910
0.0911
0.0911
Intrinsic Rejection Ro
0.996
0.996
0.996
0.996
Appartent Rejection Ra
0.9955
0.9956
0.9956
0.9956
Cw (mol/L)
28.5895
2.83E+01
2.83E+01
2.83E+01
5
0.00
0.0911
0.996
0.9956
6
0.00
0.0911
0.996
0.9956
7
0.00
0.0911
0.996
0.9956
8
0.00
0.0911
0.996
0.9956
Cp (mol/L)
Cr (mol/L)
3
-2
Jv Theoretical (m m s)
Exp (Jv/k)
{bb}Rejection
2.83E+01
2.83E+01
2.83E+01
2.83E+01
0.1144
1.13E-01
1.13E-01
1.13E-01
1.13E-01
1.13E-01
1.13E-01
1.13E-01
28.5261
28.2444
28.2472
28.2472
28.2472
28.2472
28.2472
28.2472
6.55E-06
6.55E-06
6.55E-06
6.55E-06
6.55E-06
6.55E-06
6.55E-06
6.55E-06
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
Project Name
Model Development
Date
Stage
06/07/04
A1
This sheet originally from Ellen

Velocity
2.3 m/sec
Outfall Length (enter "m" or "ft.")
100 m
Concentrate Flow
Pipe Diameter
dP
0.70
0.62
0.37
99.9
900
Schedule 80 Pipe Cost
Total Pipe Cost
What is purpose of graph?

Show dp or diameter as a func
other
Used for predicting optimum pi
Two equations, one simpler (D

Wisebeck) given to calculate d
on pipe diameter size.
m /sec
m
m
kPa
$/m
The other eqn which is used to

Hazen Williams with HDPE pip
$90,025
Use this one.

Velocity
Length
2.3
100
Flow m /s Diameter (m) dP1 kPa

dP2 kPa
0.001
0.024
22.947
4.496
0.01
0.074
5.379
1.422
0.02
0.105
3.476
1.005
0.03
0.129
2.692
0.821
0.04
0.149
2.246
0.711
0.05
0.166
1.952
0.636
0.06
0.182
1.740
0.580
0.07
0.197
1.579
0.537
0.08
0.210
1.451
0.503
0.09
0.223
1.348
0.474
0.1
0.235
1.261
0.450
0.11
0.247
1.188
0.429
0.12
0.258
1.124
0.410
0.13
0.268
1.069
0.394
0.14
0.278
1.020
0.380
0.15
0.288
0.977
0.367
0.16
0.298
0.938
0.355
0.17
0.307
0.903
0.345
0.18
0.316
0.871
0.335
0.19
0.324
0.842
0.326
0.2
0.333
0.815
0.318
0.3
0.408
0.631
0.260
0.4
0.471
0.527
0.225
0.5
0.526
0.457
0.201
0.6
0.576
0.408
0.184
0.7
0.623
0.370
0.170
0.8
0.666
0.340
0.159
0.9
0.706
0.316
0.150
1
0.744
0.296
0.142
1.1
0.781
0.278
0.136
1.2
0.815
0.264
0.130
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2
0.849
0.881
0.911
0.941
0.970
0.998
1.026
1.052
0.251
0.239
0.229
0.220
0.212
0.204
0.197
0.191
0.125
0.120
0.116
0.112
0.109
0.106
0.103
0.101
What is purpose of graph?

Show dp or diameter as a function of the
Used for predicting optimum pipe diameter.

Two equations, one simpler (DarcyWisebeck) given to calculate dP, depending
on pipe diameter size.
The other eqn which is used to calculate dP is
Hazen Williams with HDPE pipe, Cf = 145
Pressure Drop vs Diameter - Two

Versions
100
Eq III
dP (Kpa)
Alt
10
1
0
0.0
0.5
Diameter (m)
1.0
Project Name
Model Development
Date
Stage
06/07/04
A1
Ionics Formulas for USBR Pricing of an EDR System

Last Revision Date
7/6/2000
TDS
1000 mg/l
Production Flow
105.25 mgd
Capital Cost
$
35,326,384
Total Power
22.8 kWh/Kgal
$
5,049,026
WATER RECOVERY
75%
Staff days/day
3
All cost numbers are only within +,- 15%
Estimate O&M Costs
Electricity
Labor
Cleaning Chemicals
Cartridge Filters
Repairs and Replacement
Insurance
Lab fees
Total O & M Cost
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
58,171,969
31,810
5,049,026
105,252
2,024,874
176,632
70,653
1,010,417
66,640,633
Total Costs
35,326,384
Capital Recovery
2,566,423
Annual cost
69,207,056
$/m Product
$/1000 gal Product
$/acre foot Product
$0.50
$1.90
$617.99
Ms. Antonia von Gottberg

avongottberg@ionics.com, personal communication.
500
{ee}ED2
First Stage
Input from Interface
Flow Rate
Feed TDS
Product TDS
Average Equivalent Weight:
Percent Recovery:
Production Data
Delta N eq/m3:
Desal Ratio:
Value:
4380.79
15771
500
500
35.55
0.5
0.470
Sum cations efficiencies:
0.470
Cl-:
0.470
Sum anions efficiencies:
0.470
Transport effieciency:
Sum of Anion & Cation Efficiency.
Area/membrane pair Asahi is 0.85 m^2
Dilute side resistance "Rd"
Concentrate side resistance "Rc"
Membrane resistance "Rm"
Total resistance Rt = (Rd+Rc+Rm):
Current density
Current Efficiency:
Membrane Voltage Potential "Vm"
Voltage per cell Vc = Rt*CD+Vm:
0.940
Membrane Requirements
Total Membrane Area
Number of cell pairs:
Sample Values:
0.850
0
0
0.070
0.070
30
0.860
Membrane Cost/m2:
Membrane Life Expectancy (yrs):
Construction Cost Items
Construction Cost Factor (%):
Electricity Cost $/kWh:
Labor and Overhead
Labor cost, Lh ($/h)
Shifts per day, S (number/day)
Workers per shift, Ws (number/shift)
0.00
1.00
Membrane Characteristics
Transport efficiencies Sum<=1.00
Insert rows after Na+ or Clto add more ion efficiencies.
Na+:
Energy Requirements
Power requirements
Pumping energy requirements
Total
Units
L/sec.
3
m /Hr.
mg/L
mg/L
0.400
Capital Recovery
System lifetime, r (yr)
Downtime, Dt (%)
Annual interest rate, i (%)
Suggested Values
25.00 $
100.00
15
15
1.65
0.07 $
1.65
0.08
29.05 $
0.2
1
15.00
0.2
1
30
0.05
6
First Stage Capital Costs

Based on Membrane Cost @ $25/m2
First Stage O&M Costs/ year

Chemicals
Maintenance
Membrane Replacement:
Labor Cost:
ED Electicity Cost/year @ $0.07/kWhr:
Capital Recovery
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
1,249
16,965
82,201
100,415
0.400
m2
(ohms/cm)/cm2
(ohms/cm)/cm2
(ohms/cm)/cm2:
amps/m2
0.860
30 - 300
volts/pair
0.021
0.00 kWhr/m3:
0.17 kWhr/m3
64345 kWh/day
1.000
0.17
0 m2
0
15
15
10
{ee}ED2
Second Stage
Input from Interface
Flow Rate
Flow Rate
Feed TDS
Product TDS
Ave Equivalent Weight:
Percent Recovery:
Production Data
Delta N
Desal Ratio:
Value:
2576.9
9277
500
500
35.55
0.50
0.470
Sum cations efficiencies:
0.470
Cl-:
0.470
Sum anions efficiencies:
0.470
Transport effieciency:
Sum of Anion & Cation Efficiency.
Area/membrane pair Asahi is 0.85 m^2
Dilute side resistance "Rd"
Concentrate side resistance "Rc"
Membrane resistance "Rm"
Total resistance Rt = (Rd+Rc+Rm):
Current density
Current Efficiency:
Membrane Voltage Potential "Vm"
Voltage per cell Vc = Rt*CD+Vm:
0.940
Membrane Requirements
Total Membrane Area
Number of cell pairs:
0.850
0
0
0.070
0.070
30
0.860
0.650
0.671
Labor and Overhead

Labor cost, Lh ($/h)
Shifts per day, S (number/day)
Workers per shift, Ws (number/shift)
1.65
$0.07
1.65
0.08
29.05
0.2
1
15
0.2
1
30
0.05
6
15
15
10
0.400
Second Stage Capital Costs

Based on Membrane Cost @ $100/m2
Second Stage O&M Costs/ year

Chemicals
Maintenance
Membrane Replacement:
Labor Cost:
ED Electicity Cost/year @ $0.07/kWhr:
Capital Recovery
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
1,249
848
48,353
50,450
0.860
30 - 300
1.000
0.17
0 m2
0
Total
Total capital cost (1st and 2nd stage)
Suggested Values
100
15
0.400
volts/pair
0.00 kWhr/m3
0.17 kWhr/m3
37850 kWh/day
$100.00
15
Capital Recovery
System lifetime, r (yr)
Downtime, Dt (%)
Annual interest rate, i (%)
m2
(ohms/cm)/cm2
(ohms/cm)/cm2
(ohms/cm)/cm2
amps/m2
Membrane Cost/m2:
Membrane Life Expectancy (yrs):
Construction Cost Items
Construction Cost Factor (%):
Electricity Cost $/kWh:
0.00 equiv/m3
1.00
Membrane Characteristics
Transport efficiencies Sum<=1.00
Insert rows after Na+ or Clto add more ion efficiencies.
Na+:
Energy Requirements
Power requirements
Pumping energy requirements
Total
Sample Values:
L/sec
m3/hr.
mg/L
mg/L
$0
Project Name
Model Development
Date
Stage
06/07/04
A1
Pumps
Number of pumps:
Height differential:
Discharge pressure:
Full flow rate:
Basis flow rate
Pump Efficiency:
Velocity (m/s)
Motor Efficiency:
HP
Power consumption:
1
100
1750
5.15
5.15
75
2.4
87
24251
20795
Alternative Units
328.1
254
81,699
81,699
ft
psi
gal/min
gal/min
8 ft/sec
hp calc may change if hp calc c

kW
PD
VST
Cent
3 - 300 HP
3 - 500 HP
3 - 1200 HP
7,275,306
3,016,431
234
1,727,931
1,727,931
1,727,931
4,000
$9,003,237
$4,748,362 $1,728,164
Direct Costs (material and labor)

Pump, drive, Piping and driver
Piping
Controls
Installed Capital Cost
Operating Costs
Power Cost $/year
Lubrication ($/L oil)
Cooling water ($/m3 water)
Maintenance (hr/Hp)
Units
pump
m
kPa
m3/s
m3/s
%
m/s
%
12,113,659
59,483
9,559,752
1,056,738
$22,789,633
Source: "Pump Handbook" Karassik, Krutzsch, Fraser and Messina pg (9-66)
0.7
0.075
1.5
Required Information
Plant life expectancy, n
Annual Interest Rate, i
Annual fixed-charge rate, AFC
Present-worth factor, PWF
Captial-recovery factor, CRF
Operating factor, OF
Annual levelized cost, ALC
30
6%
10
13.76
0.073
0.95
$0
calc may change if hp calc changes for RO sheet
6.31E-05
6.31E-04
3.15E-03
6.31E-03
6.31E-02
1.26E-01
3.15E-01
1
10
50
100
1000
2000
5000
235.9613
235.613
234.065
232.13
197.3
158.6
42.5
250
200
150
100
50
0
0
2000
gal/min
y = -0.0387x + 236
R = 1
gal/min
2000
4000
6000
Linear (gal/min)
Project Name
Model Development
Date
Stage
06/07/04
A1
Stiff and Davis Saturation Index

For water with TDS > 15000 mg/L
Ca+2 mg/L as CaCO3
Alkf mg/L as CaCO3
148
CO2 mg/L as CO2
7.91 Calculated from alkalinity & pH
H
Major Ions mg/L
TDS Concentrate
Cac=
2.88E-08
500
3317
35
Alkc=
979
Ionic Strengthf =
0.01
Ionic Strengthc =
pCa
pAlk
pHs =
0.05
4.28
2.55
9.21
S&DSIf
-1.67
pCac
3.46
pAlkc
1.70
pHsc =
7.66
Alkc/CO2
2.38 K from 'Stiff&Davis'
2.50 for concentrate Ionic Strength and Temperature
123.85
pHc =
8.34
S&DSIc
For the Concentrate Stream with Acid
Guess mg H2SO4
0.68
Alk C acid
972
879
CO2 acid
14
97
Alk c acid/CO2 acid
68.4
9.1
pHc acid
pAlk
pHs =
8.09
1.70
7.67
7.24
1.75
7.71
pHc =
8.09
7.24
S&DSI (c adjusted)
0.42
-0.48
7.00 Guess mg HCl
73.40
h and Temperature
Project Name
Model Development
Date
Stage
06/07/04
A1
Use pCa and pAlk and pH vs MO Alk/CO 2 from 'Stiff&Davis' sheet

From Water Analysis
Caf in mg/L CaCO 3
Alk f in mg/L CaCO 3
TDSf
pHf
Temperature
pHf
CO 2f
pCaf
pAlkf
"C"
pHs
LSIf
5
148
500
7.54
12
7.54
8
4.28
2.55
2.48
9.31
-1.77
From Report or RO&NF

Recovery
Rejection
0.85
0.995
Concentrate Values
Cac
Alk c
TDSc
CO 2c
35
979
3319
7.91
Product Values
Cap
Alk p
TDSp
CO 2p
pHc
pCac
pAlk c
"C"
pHs
LSIc
8.34
3.46
1.70
2.56
7.72
0.62
pHf
pCap
pAlk p
"C"
pHs
LSIp
Acidification
Guess mg/L Acid
Alk acid
H2SO4
0
1
3
7.91
5.37
6.51
4.86
2.29
13.66
-8.29
HCl
7.0
140.4
73.4 Could change this to a goal seek equation

46.94
CO2 acid
14.2
96.73
Alkf/CO2
9.88
0.49
pHf acid
pAlk
7.3
2.58
6.00
2.22
pCa
"C"acid
4.28
2.48
3.46
2.56
pHs =
9.34
8.23
-2.07
-3.31
931.94
311.59
LSIf
Alkc acid
Alkc/CO2
65.58
3.22
pHc =
8.06
6.80
pAlkc
1.72
2.22
"C"c
2.56
2.56
pHs
7.74
4.77
LSIc
0.32
-1.43
Product Stabilization
Guess mg/L
Alkstab
Ca stab
Caustic Soda Soda Ash

Lime
Calcium
98% NaOH
99.16% NaHCO 3 90% CaO Hypochlorite
2.1
100 0.015105
0.0666
3
95
1
1
0
CO2 stab
5.6
-33.1
7.9
7.9
Alkstab/CO2stab
0.6
-2.9
0.1
0.1
pHp stab (actual pH after chem. addition)

pAlk
pCa
TDS stab
6.1
4.2
6.5
7
2.8
6.5
145
5.4
4.9
5.9
3
5.4
4.9
6.0
3
"C"stab
#NUM!
2.3
2.4
2.3
2.3
pHs (theoretical pH of stabilized water)
13.1
11.7
13.1
13.2
LSIstab
-7.0
-7.7
-7.8
#NUM!
his to a goal seek equation
"C" Values dependent on Temperature

Temperature C
TDS (mg/L)
5
10
10
2.51
2.39
20
2.53
2.41
30
2.54
2.42
50
2.55
2.43
100
2.58
2.45
200
2.6
2.48
300
2.62
2.5
500
2.65
2.52
1000
2.68
2.56
2000
2.71
2.58
5000
2.73
2.6
Calculated Values
10
2.48
2.38
20
2.51
2.40
30
2.52
2.42
50
2.54
2.44
100
2.57
2.46
200
2.59
2.49
300
2.61
2.50
500
2.63
2.52
1000
2.65
2.55
2000
2.68
2.57
5000
2.71
2.61
and TDS in mg/L from figure 2 in AST

15
2.28
2.29
2.3
2.31
2.34
2.37
2.38
2.41
2.44
2.47
2.49
20
2.17
2.18
2.19
2.2
2.22
2.26
2.27
2.3
2.33
2.36
2.38
2.27
2.30
2.31
2.33
2.36
2.38
2.40
2.42
2.44
2.47
2.50
2.17
2.19
2.21
2.23
2.25
2.28
2.29
2.31
2.34
2.37
2.40
x = TDS in mg/L
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
(45) = 0.0368Ln(x) + 1.5825

(40) = 0.0371Ln(x) + 1.6678
(35) = 0.0383Ln(x) + 1.7581
(30) = 0.0372Ln(x) + 1.865
(25)= 0.0372Ln(x) + 1.965
(20) = 0.0372Ln(x) + 2.0658
(15) = 0.037Ln(x) + 2.1775
(10) = 0.0362Ln(x) + 2.2963
(5) = 0.0377Ln(x) + 2.412
Temp
R2
R2
R2
R2
R2
R2
R2
R2
R2
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
0.9871
0.987
0.9923
0.9785
0.9785
0.9811
0.9854
0.9862
0.9882
C (x) = A Ln (x) +B
45
40
0.0368
0.0371
1.5825
1.6678
35
0.0383
1.7581
30
0.0372
1.865
25
20
0.0372
0.0372
1.965
2.0358
A=
15
10
0.037
0.0362
2.1775
2.2963
0.0377
2.412
0.037189
B =- 0.0207*Temp + 2.491
Incomplete
Hydraded Lime
93% Ca(OH)2
Gas
CO 2(g)
Lime & Soda ash

TDS Factor
Could change this to a goal seek equation
95
1.22
0
1
1.00
2
7.9
8.9
-33.09
0.1
0.2
-2.9
5.4
4.9
6.5
3
5.6
4.5
6.5
5
#NUM!
2.8
6.5
118
2.3
2.3
2.4
13.7
13.4
11.7
-8.3
-7.8
#NUM!
0.8
R2 = 0.9983
TDS in mg/L from figure 2 in ASTM D 3739

25
2.07
2.08
2.09
2.1
2.12
2.15
2.17
2.2
2.23
2.26
2.28
30
1.97
1.98
1.99
2
2.02
2.05
2.07
2.1
2.13
2.16
2.18
35
1.86
1.87
1.88
1.9
1.93
1.96
1.98
2
2.03
2.05
2.08
40
1.77
1.78
1.79
1.8
1.83
1.86
1.88
1.9
1.93
1.96
1.98
45
1.68
1.69
1.71
1.72
1.74
1.77
1.79
1.81
1.85
1.87
1.89
2.06
2.09
2.10
2.12
2.15
2.17
2.19
2.21
2.23
2.26
2.30
1.96
1.98
2.00
2.02
2.04
2.07
2.09
2.10
2.13
2.16
2.19
1.85
1.88
1.89
1.91
1.94
1.97
1.98
2.00
2.03
2.05
2.09
1.75
1.78
1.79
1.81
1.84
1.86
1.88
1.90
1.92
1.95
1.98
1.64
1.67
1.69
1.70
1.73
1.76
1.77
1.79
1.82
1.84
1.88
2.9
2.7
C(5) = 0.0377Ln(x) + 2.412

R2 = 0.9882
2.5
2.3
2.1
1.9
1.7
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
1.3
1.1
10
100
0.9871
0.987
0.9923
0.9785
0.9785
0.9811
0.9854
0.9862
0.9882
Coefficients for Calculated "C"
C (x) = A Ln (x) +B
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.0385
0.038
0.0375
A
R2
R2
R2
R2
R2
R2
R2
R2
R2
1.5
0.037
1.5
1
0.5
0
0.037
0.0365
0.036
0
R2 = 0.9983
10
20
30
Temperature
C (x,T)= 0.0372*Ln(x)-0.0209*T+2.499
40
50
n(x) + 2.412
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
y = 0.0368Ln(x) + 1.5825
R2 = 0.9871
1000
10000
0.0385
A
Linear (B)
0.0375
45
Log. (5)
Log. (30)
Log. (45)
0.0365
y = -0.0207x + 2.4911
R = 0.9951
Project Name
Model Development
Date
Stage
06/07/04
A1
Temp
Ionic Strength
50
40
1.5
2.27
2.57
2.7
2.8
2.82
2.85
2.85
2.82
2.81
2.8
1.7
2.45
2.77
2.92
3.04
3.1
3.1
3.09
3.09
3.08
3.05
0.634
0.6053
0.6061
0.615
0.5679
0.576
0.5466
x2
-2.5651
-2.508
-2.5612
-2.5826
-2.4127
-2.4149
-2.2635
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
Curve Fits: x = ionic strength

Temp
50
40
30
25
20
10
0
From Feed Water Analysis
x3
30
K
1.85
2.65
2.95
3.14
3.25
3.32
3.33
3.32
3.3
3.28
3.24
x
3.2205
3.2522
3.3709
3.3744
3.1941
3.1519
2.9032
25
20
1.97
2.75
3.07
3.25
3.36
3.42
3.44
3.42
3.4
3.38
3.35
2.12
2.9
3.18
3.35
3.47
3.5
3.55
3.54
3.52
3.49
3.45
a
1.5931
1.7809
1.9387
2.0527
2.2134
2.3873
2.616
r2
0.9738
0.9821
0.9813
0.9832
0.9771
0.9784
0.9681
T
I
K=
K=
From Concentrate Analysis
T
I
K=
K=
Source: ASTM Method for S&DSI
11.75
0.01
Curve fit: T = Temperature, I = Ionic Strength

3
(.0016*T+.5528)I +(.0002T^2-.0142T-2.2695)*I +(-.0004T^2+.0266T+2.9072)I+(-.0206T+2.

2.378852025
11.75
0.05
(.0016*T+.5528)I +(.0002T^2-.0142T-2.2695)*I +(-.0004T^2+.0266T+2.9072)I+(-.0206T+2.

2.504296137
2.3
3.05
3.35
3.5
3.6
3.65
3.68
3.68
3.65
3.62
3.6
2.52
3.25
3.5
3.63
3.7
3.75
3.78
3.78
3.75
3.72
3.7
K(50) = 0.5466x3 - 2.2635x2 + 2.9032x + 2.616

R2 = 0.9681
4
3.5
3
2.5
K
10
1.5
K(0) = -0.5554x4 + 2.8557x3 - 5.3423x2 + 4.3314x + 1.5292
R2 = 0.9933
1
0.5
0
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
Ionic Strength
y = -0.0004x2 + 0.0266x + 2.9072

R = 0.8987
4
3
y = -0.0206x + 2.598
R = 0.9941
2
y = 0.0016x + 0.5528
R = 0.8147
1
0
-1
-2
-3
20
40
y = 0.0002x2 - 0.0142x - 2.2695
R = 0.8316
60
x3
x2
x
a
Linear (x3)
Poly. (x2)
Poly. (x)
Linear (a)
ature, I = Ionic Strength
4T^2+.0266T+2.9072)I+(-.0206T+2.598)
4T^2+.0266T+2.9072)I+(-.0206T+2.598)
2.9032x + 2.616
pCa
pAlk
5
4
3
2
1
50
4.75
3.7
2.7
1.7
0.7
1
10
100
1000
10000
40
30
25
20
14x + 1.5292
10
0
Conversion of Ca and Alk to pCa and pAlk
Poly. (50)
Poly. (0)
5
pCa and pAlk
pAlk = -0.4452Ln(x) + 4.7833

6
4
3
2
1
266x + 2.9072
0
1
10
100
1000
10000
Ca and Alk as mg/L CaCO3
x3
x2
x
a
Linear (x3)
Poly. (x2)
Poly. (x)
Linear (a)
pCa = -0.4343Ln(x) + 5
pH vs Alk/CO 2
Fig 3 D 4582 1998 Annual Book of ASTM Standards Volume 11.02 Water (II)
pH of Water
pH of Water MO Alk/CO 2
Expressed as mg/L CaCO 3/mg/L CO 2
5.3
0.098
5.4
0.12
pH vs Alk/CO2
5.6
0.19
5.8
0.305
10
6
0.5
9
6.2
0.775
8
6.4
1.25
7
6
6.6
2
5
y = 0.423ln(x) + 6.3022
6.8
3.2
4
R = 0.9997
7
5
3
2
7.2
8
1
7.4
13
0
7.5
17
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
1000
7.6
21.5
MO Alk/CO2
7.8
34
8
54
8.2
100
8.3
1000
pH=0.423 Ln(Alk/CO 2) + 6.3022
0.4452Ln(x) + 4.7833
Alk
Ca
Log. (Alk)
Log. (Ca)
0.4343Ln(x) + 5
Project Name
Model Development
Date
Stage
06/07/04
A1
UV
Volume treated:
Power consumption per lamp:
Alternative power consumption per lamp:
Lamp replacement time:
Alternative lamp replacement time:
Required UV lamps:
Lamp replacement cost:
Annual lamp replacements:
Annual power consumption:
Required annual labor hours:
Capital cost:
Annual lamp replacement cost:
Annual power cost:
Annual labor cost
Total annual operating cost:
data from Irvine Moch, 5/2/2000
69437
0.05
0.00
1.0
0.0
4907
$48.00
4907
2,149,266
834
$2,009,031
$235,536
$150,449
$24,219
$410,204
Units
gal/min
kW
kW
year
year
lamps
per lamp
lamps
kWh
hours
Alternative Units
######## gal/day
Units
Alternative Units
12 months
0 months
Project Name
Model Development
Date
Stage
06/07/04
A1
Double Wall Fiberglass Tanks
Required Tank Capacity
Units
500,000 gallons
Nov 2000 Construction Cost
Material
Labor
Equipment
$
0.901 $
0.089 $
0.010 $
$
546,043
603,206
62,239
6,881
672,326
Construction Cost Equations (From http://www.get-a-quote.net)

$ = a+b*x
a
2842.7
b
1.0864
Alternative Units
1,892,700 liters
Project Name
Model Development
Date
Stage
06/07/04
A1
Microfiltration / Ultrafiltration
Units
2001 Construction Cost
99.99 mgd

Housing
Piping and Valves
2001 O&M Cost:
Materials
Energy
Labor
Construction Cost2
$ = a*x^b
O&M Cost2
$ = a*x^b
1.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
%1
Alternative Units
69437 gpm
$ 50,374,732
$ 62,915,209
$
$
$
$ 62,915,209
$ 3,083,396
0.13 $
514,167
0.12 $
359,730
0.75 $ 2,839,634
$ 3,713,531
a
2.4914
b
-0.3471
a
1.0451
b
-0.5462
1 from Oneby, Nordgren, and Ericson, Membrane Microfiltration As A Cost Effective Solution For A Small Utility,
AWWA Membrane Conference Proceedings, 2001
2
from Elarde & Bergman, The Cost of Membrane Filtration for Municipal Water Supplies,
AWWA Membrane Conference Proceedings, 2001
{gg}StdAnalyses
Brackish 1
Aluminum
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Boron
Cadmium
Calcium
Chromium
Copper
Iron
Lead
Magnesium
Manganese
Mercury
Nickel
Potassium
Selenium
Silver
Sodium
Strontium
Zinc
Alkalinity-Bicarbonate
Alkalinity-Carbonate
Carbon Dioxide (aq)
Chloride
Cyanide
Flouride
Nitrate (as N)
o-Phosphate
Sulfate
Silica
pH
pOH
Solids (TDS)
Total Suspended Solids:
Conductivity
Temperature
0.050
0.001
100.000
0.010
0.050
0.050
0.005
35.000
0.550
Brackish 2
Brackish 3
Hi Brackish
Seawater
0.35
0.01
3.30E-04
0.0983
0.03
6.00E-07
182
0.023
0.09
0.019
0.006
85
0.0811
110
637
80
283
4.78
10
131
175.8
2.71
815
5
3284
15
189.00
125.00
163.00
13
560
13.7
811
44.8
6545
300.000
17.000
7.620
0.31
10.7
0.37
231
11.9
7.39
1100
12
7.2
680
18
6.8
905.000
1.000
1560.000
25.000
1453
1.3
2758
25
3070
1
5232
25
11757
1
19604
25
1.800
0.005
0.005
110.900
1.300
0.050
232.000
0.000
10.100
95.000
0.640
1.000
Municipal
1.10E-04
406
5.00E-05
3.00E-03
0.01
3.00E-05
1.29E+03
2.00E-03
3.00E-05
5.40E-03
385
9.00E-05
3.00E-04
10741
14
0.01
144.00
0.5
2.50E+00
19333
1.3
0.5
0.07
2688
Secondary Eff
2nd Eff RO
Perm
0.0029
0.0025
0.2230
0.1300
22.2
64.0000
1.1000
7.3
0.03
24.0000
0.0285
0.004
2
0.005
14.3000
1.3000
25
0.61
0.02
25
62.5000
0.2600
0.0593
345.00
3.1500
2.7
71.7
55.00
5.30
0.11
0.0005
0.5
0.04
20
10
7.2
35005
1
54534
25
184
1
362
25
0.30
12.50
3.70
39.50
27.00
7.50
6.50
425
790.00
25.00
11.60
16.60
1.22
6.80
7.20
18
25.00
25.00

Waste Water Costing

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originalbeschreibung:

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Waste Water Costing

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

To Do List

This is a list of items we have identified as needing work:

WT Cost Software Comments

Introduction to this model (WaTER)

Key for WaTER program

usually contain formulas or data that do change

Com ponents of the WaTER program

Pre Desal Primary

Rapid Mix Tank

Plant Production Flow

Plant Production Flow

Drawing Not Completely Accurate

Plant Production Flow

assuming H2SO4 limits and not HCL

high pressure pump

Limits (From EPA-600/2-79-162b, figure 39-41)

MGD Treatment Plants

W orksheets included in this program:

Dechlorination with sodium sulfite, sodium bisulfite, and sulfer dioxide

Flow Rate Input Page & Water Data Report

1000 cfs and 300 cfs.

Average Daily Flow

Peak Day Flow

NF/RO Feed Flow Rate

Note: NF/RO Feed Flow = (Plant Production Flow) / (NF/RO Recovery)

Rapid Mix Feed Flow Rate

W ater Treatment Cost Estimation Program

Granular Activated Carbon Filtration

Bed Life (months)

Water Treatment Cost Estimation Program

Water Treatment Cost Estimation Program

Cost reports for water treatment processes

Peak Daily Flow (for capital)

Upflow Solids Contact Clarifier

Granular Activated Carbon

Ionics Electrodialysis Reversal

Free Chlorine Level

Sodium Sulfite: Cost

Sulfur Dioxide: Cost

Cost reports for water treatment processes

Chemical Feed Systems (Main Process)

Calc Dose 96% H2SO4 (mg/L)

Calc Dose 37% HCl (mg/L)

Alum (dry feed)

Peak Daily Flow (for capital)

Alum (liquid feed)

Poly Aluminum Chloride

Lime & Soda Ash

Operating Cost Depend on Number and Horsepower only.

Cost Indices Data

Cost Indices Categories:

7910.81 Manufactured & Electrical Equipment

Piping & Valves

6.00 On Construction & Bond Money

Water Treatment Cost Estimation Program

Feed Water Analysis

W ater Treatment Cost Estimation Program

Implement eH-pH diagrams to automatically change valence with pH

5.24E-05 1.05E-04 2.10E-04

1.02E-03 1.02E-03 1.02E-03

6.09E-03 6.09E-03 6.09E-03

2.95E-03 2.95E-03 2.95E-03