8051 Microcontroller Interview Questions Questions may be asked in interview of ECE students related to 8051 microcontroller: 1.

Intel 8051 follows which architecture: Harvard or Newman? 2. What is the difference between Harvard and Newman architecture? 3. 8051 was developed using which technology nmos or pmos? 4. Why 8051 is called 8 bit microcontroller? 5. What is the width of data bus? 6. What is the width of address bus? 7. How many memory locations address bus can access (also tell in kb)? 8. The memory locations that the address bus can access will be of RAM or ROM or both? 9. How much on-chip RAM is available? 10. On-chip RAM is also called _____ memory? 11. How much on-chip ROM is available? 12. On-chip ROM is also called _____ memory? 13. How many byte is of the bidirectional input/output port? 14. What is UART? 15. The original 8051 core runs at how many clock cycles per machine cycle? 16. With 12 MHz clock frequency how many instructions(of 1 machine cycle and 2 machine cycle) it can execute per second? 17. What are the four distinct types of memory in 8051? 18. Internal RAM is located from address 0x00 to ___? 19. Tell the addresses which can be accessed directly? 20. Tell the addresses which are bit addressable? 21. Tell the addresses which can be accesssed only by indirect addressing mode? 22. Tell the addresses where the special function registers are present and also which addressing mode is used to access them? 23. Are SFR bit addressable or byte addressable? 24. What type of memory is Program Memory? Read only/Read-write/write only? 25. *Does the program memory can be only used for storing code only, if not then how that data is accessed? 26. What is the address of external data memory from which it starts? 27. How the external data memory is accessed

For B.E. (ECE) DegreeUnder ANNA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, Coimbatore MICROCONTROLLER AND RISC ARCHITECTURE (2 MARKS Q & A) Unit I INTRODUCTION TO INTEL 8051 ARCHITECTURE Compiled by Prof. N.SHANMUGASUNDARAM,Professor & Head, ECE Department, Vidyaa Vikas College of Engineering and Technology,Tiruchengode 637214, Namakkal District, T.N.Email: raja_ns@rediffmail.com

MICROCONTROLLER AND RISC ARCHITECTURE (2 MARKS Q & A) Unit I INTRODUCTION TO INTEL 8051 ARCHITECTURE 1. What is microcontroller? A single IC which contains the microprocessor with integrated peripheralslike memory, serial ports, parallel ports, timer/counter, interrupt controller,data acquisition interfaces like ADC, DAC is called Microcontroller.CPU ROM RAMTimers I/O Ports Serial Port Internal blocks of Microcontroller 2. Compare Microprocessor and Microcontroller.S.No Microprocessor Microcontrolle r 1 The functional blocks of amicroprocessor are CPU whichcontains ALU, few registers,timing and control unit.The functional blocks of microcontroller includes a CPU,Timers, Parallel I/O ports, SerialI/O port, and internal RAM andROM memory.Some microcontrollers have evenADC and/or DAC on-chip.2 P operates on byte/word data.Hence, it has

LESSbit manipulation instructions. C operates on bit/byte data.Hence, it has MOREbit manipulation instructions.3A P based system requires largeno. of peripherals and hence, itsPCB will be LARGE.A C based system can be formedwithout using additional peripheralICs. Hence, its PCB will be SMALL.4 A P based system is used forGeneral purpose computing andData processing applications.A C based system is used forapplication specific dedicatedsystems.Eg. Washing machines, Mobilephones, Microwave oven,Elevators, etc.5It involves movement of code & data between P and externalmemory.Hence MORE instructions aremade available for data transferwith external memory.It involves movement of code & data between internal memory & CPU inside C.Hence LESS instructions areavailable for data transfer withexternal memory.

3. List the features of 8051. Features of 8051 are: Data size is 8-bit Address lines is 16-bit ( Memory capacity = 2 16 = 64 KB) Memory capacity of On-chip RAM is 128 Bytes Memory capacity of On-chip ROM is 4 KB Total program memory space is 64KB Total data memory space is 64KB On-chip Timers - 2 x 16-bit each 4 x 8-bit I/O Ports

One full duplex Serial port (TxD & RxD) Six Interrupt sources (inclusive of two H/w interrupts INT0, INT1) 4. Draw the Pin diagram of 8051. 5. List the alternate functions of Port3 in 8051. __ 6. What is the significance of EA pin ? EA stands for External Access. By applying LOW to this pin, makes 8051 toomit internal 4KB on-chip ROM and use only external memory for programstorage. By applying HIGH to this pin, makes 8051 to use internal 4KB on-chip ROM along with external memory for program storage.

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ARM Processor Interview Questions

Hey All, These are few very simple and general ARM processor interview questions 1. What are the types of CORTEX-M series ? 2. How do you select a specific CORTEX-M processor ? 3. What is Trustzone System IP block ? 4. What is the use of T604 ? Have you used it ? 5. Have you come across LINARO ? Have you been involved in LINARO ? 6. What is pipeline shutdown ? 7. what are the kinds of protection available for SRAMS ? How to use the single bit or double bit fault correction ? 8. What is interrupt pipelining ? 9. Explain the architecture of the CORTEX series ARM that you have used . 10. What is the use of the AMBA interface and where is it present in the architecture ? 11. What is branch prediction ? 12. What is out of order execution ? Have you considered it in selection of processor ? 13. If the pipleline is wider , the instruction throughput is high - True/False ? 14. What is the use of Neon Floating point engine ? 15. In what scenarios can neon do better than normal core ? 16. Is power dissipation more in neon compared to normal core ? 17. Incase of multimedia applications, what is the approximate number of times by which the throughput is increased compared to normal core ? 18. Is Neon available with Cortex M or Cortex A series ? 19. Have you used RVDS ? Have you used gcc arm toolchain ? Which of these two tools is better ? 20. What is the use of --vectorize option ? 21. Have you used Palladium emulator ? Is it JTAG based ? 22. Have you used XDS510 emulator ? 23. What is Coresight System Trace Macrocell(STM) ?

24. What is the difference between 'intrusive trace' and 'non-intrusive trace' mechanisms ? 25. Which of the following is intrusive - printf, lttng, strace, ftrace, ltrace ? 26. Can you explain the flow from User application and the role of STM driver ? 27. What are the advantages and disadvantages of LTTng ? 28. What is hardware assisted instrumentation ? 29. What is the advantage of hardware assisted instrumentation over software instrumentation ? 30. What is PTM ? 31. What is TPIU ? 32. What is ITM ? 33. What is ETM ? 34. Low latency instrumentation is required for ISR tracing, Bootcode tracing . How is low latency tracing achieved ? 35. STM cannot trace instructions. It traces only system level calls - True / False. 36. ETM is for data/program instructions & for cache/DMA level instructions - True / False. 37. In Kinetis, can SRAM be configured to act as either NVRAM or EEPROM ? Have you configured or tried it ? 38. How many power modes are there in Kinetis ? Can you tell the wakeup/recovery time for every mode ? Which mode has the fastest recovery time ? Which mode has the lowest current consumption ? 39. Cortex M4 has Run , Sleep and Deep sleep modes - True / False ? 40. Is 32-pin Cortex M4 compatible with 256 pin Cortex M4 processor ? 41. What is I2S interface ? 42. What are the features of Cortex M4 ? 43. Tell about the Exception Handling in ARM processor. What does the ARM Core do automatically for every exception ? 44. Can you tell about DSP in ARM7TDMI or DSP in STRONGARM or DSP in ARM9E ? 45. Why should you design the DSP algorithm in general ARM architecture so that saturation is not required ? 46. Tell about AIF(Arm Image Format) and AOF(Arm Object Format) ? 47. What are the Memory initialization directives ? 48. What is the use of 'SWI' in ARM assembly ? 49. How to Represent a Digital Signal in ARM ? 50. Give Example of STMFD w.r.t Stack Operation push/pop ? 51. Tell about Extended Multiply Instructions in ARM 52. Tell about the NORMAL Multiply Instructions in ARM 53. Tell about ADR's relation with LDR and the Advantage of using LDR together with '=' ? 54. When does the Processor Stall in ARM and what is the pipeline hazard in ARM? 55. What is called 'pipeline bubble' in ARM ? 56. What is Saturating Arithmetic ? Explain 57. Tell the 2 software methods available to remove interlocks following load instructions 58. Tell about 'Load Scheduling By Preloading' and 'Load Scheduling by unrolling' ? 59. How will you flush the instuction Cache in ARM processor ? 60. List the issues when porting C code to the ARM processor ? 61. What are the advantages of writing in Assembly in ARM processor? 62. Explain this -> "AREA |.text|, CODE, READONLY" 63. What is the use of the 'EXPORT' directive ?

64. What is the use of various directives ? 65. How to build using command line tools w.r.t ARM ? 66. Write a simple square.s program in ARM assembly called from a C file ? 67. What will you change that program when calling ARM code from C compiled as Thumb ? 68. How will you allow Thumb C code to call the ARM assembly Code ? 69. What is the use of 'RN' directive in ARM assembly ? 70. What imports the libraries like printf automatically in the assembly side of ARM ? 71. What is the DCB directive and its relation with strings ? 72. What is ARMulator ? Where and How have you used it ? 73. How will you handle the Register Shortage problem in ARM ? 74. Relation between CPSR flags, S Suffix Instructions and Comparison Instructions ? 75. What is Conditional Execution in ARM ? 76. What is single issue multiple data (SIMD) processing ? 77. What is a Coprorcessor / CP15 in ARM ? 78. What does the 'B' mean in LDRB or What is the difference between LDR and LDRB in ARM ? 79. What is the use of Write-Back ? 80. When should i use '!' in ARM programming and where is it Not Allowed to be used in ARM programming ? 81. Tell about 'Single Data Transfer' and 'Multiple Data Transfer' in ARM 82. How will you manually Enable / Disable an interrupt in ARM Processor ? 83. Tell about MRS and MSR instructions ? 84. Can you tell a 32-bit branch instruction and the way you used it ? 85. When have you used Thumb instructions in ARM processor ? 86. Write a program to mask bytes in ARM assembly ? 87. ARM7 family of processors does not use any branch prediction scheme. Neither ARM9 nor ARM9E family implements branch prediction - True / False 88. The ARM11 micro-architecture uses two techniques to predict branches - True / False 89. What is Translation Lookaside Buffer (TLB) ? 90. What are the types of addressing modes in ARM ? 91. Can you brief up the evolution of ARM architecture ? 92. Why ARM7TDMI alone highlights the features that it supports in its naming and why not other ARM architectures ? 93. When will you choose to use ARM and when will you choose to use Thumb instructions ? 94. Can you explain the operation of ARM7 pipeline for simple instructions ? 95. Can you tell about function performed by this instruction - ADD r3, r5, r12 ?

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There are no magic bullets when it comes to job interview questions, but the way you structure your queries is important: It's the interviewer's job to create a framework for the discussion and prevent it from running off the rails. Every company's needs are different, but a good basic strategy is to ground the interview in questions about past job performance. Then throw in some situational questions to evaluate practical decision making, and learn a little bit about how the job fits in with a candidate's biography.

Question #1: "How about those Yankees?"

Purpose: Develop the rapport needed to get the interview off the ground. Every interview should begin with an icebreaker. It helps nervous applicants calm down and builds a sense of trust. If you have a 45-minute interview, you should spend at least the first five minutes trying to connect on a neutral topic. Make the person feel at ease and you'll solicit better informationand much more honest responses. Alternate Version 1: "Did you go to the industry conference last week?" Alternate Version 2: "Were you affected by the heat wave/cold snap?" Alternate Version 3: "Did you have a good holiday?"

Question #2: "Talk about a time when you had to overcome major obstacles."
Purpose: Get a clear picture of the candidate's past performance. Variations on this question should actually comprise your next several questions. Don't hesitate to guide the candidate through the variety of tasks (both tangible and theoretical) necessary to perform the job, and listen carefully to how he or she has handled such challenges. Pay attention to intangibles: some people are better at performing in interviews than on the job. If your candidate continually plays the role of hero or victim, that's a red flag that you're probably not getting the whole story. Alternate Version 1: "Tell me about a time when you wrote a report that was well received. Why do you think it was successful?" Alternate Version 2: "Describe a time when you hired (or fired) the wrong person." Alternate Version 3: "If you had to do that activity again, how would you do it differently?"

See Also: How to Conduct a Job Interview

Question #3: "What interests you about this position?"

Purpose: Find out how the candidate feels about the job and the company.

People apply for jobs for plenty reasons besides the obvious ones. Asking a candidate why he or she wants the position gives insight into their motivation. The answer may be personal (such as a narrative about what spurred them to seek a new job), or it may connect the candidate to the company: her experience with the brand, the mission statement, or the organization's role in the community. Any of these answers (or some combination) are acceptablea personal answer can communicate trust, and a connection to the business indicates loyalty and a sense of ownership. Alternate Version 1: "Where does this job fit into your career path?" Alternate Version 2: "If you had to convince a friend or colleague to apply for this job, what might you tell them?" Alternate Version 3: "What motivated you to apply for this job?"

Question #4: "Is there intelligent life in outer space?"

Purpose: Find out what kind of thinker the candidate is and how he deals with surprises. This is your curveball, designed to make the candidate ad-lib instead of just reciting well-rehearsed answers. How much will he or she play along? As long as it's not too short or too long, virtually any response is a good one. But pay attention to attitude, the way the candidate approaches the problem, and the ease or difficulty they have in coming up with a response. Alternate Version 1: "How many phone books are there in New York City?" Alternate Version 2: "How do they get the cream filling inside a Twinkie?" Alternate Version 3: "Why do people climb mountains?"

Question #5: "Imagine we've just hired you. What's the most important thing on your to-do list on the first day of work?"
Purpose: Learn about the candidate's judgment and decision-making skills. This is an example of a situational question, which is like a behavioral question in that it's designed to assess judgment, but it's also like a curveball question because it illuminates the candidate's thought process. You want to see whether he demonstrates the competencies and priorities that are important to the job. Alternate Version 1: "Say a coworker tells you that he submitted phony expense account receipts. Do you tell your boss?" Alternate Version 2: "How would you handle an employee whose performance is fine but who you know has the potential to do better?"

Alternate Version 3: "What would you do if you got behind schedule with your part of a project?"

See Also: 10 Mistakes You're Probably Making in Job Interviews

Question #6: "Why did you get into this line of work?"
Purpose: Measure the fit between the candidate's values and the culture of your company.
It risks a long, drawn-out answer, but this type of question will help you select candidates that fit your company's culture. It's not about finding people like you, or people with similar backgrounds that led them to your company, but about getting a sense of their values and motivations. Concepts like values and culture can be subjective and difficult to define, but you should be looking for someone whose work ethic, motivations, and methods match the company's. This isn't a quantitative measurement so much as a qualitative one. Coke and Pepsi may seem the same to people outside the soft-drink industry, but each houses people with different approaches to making cola and running a business.

Alternate Version 1: "What do you like best about your current job?" Alternate Version 2: "When did you realize this would be your career?" Alternate Version 3: "What keeps you coming to work besides the paycheck?"

Question #7: "But enough about you. What about us?"

Purpose: Find out if the candidate has done his or her homework.
It's a clich to end an interview with the standard, 'So, any questions?' But the fact remains that you really do want to let the candidate ask a few things of you. Reversing roles communicates that the company seeks an open a dialogue, and it helps you ascertain just how curious and knowledgeable a candidate is about your company. If he doesn't ask any questions about the job or the business, it's a safe bet his heart isn't in it. Listen for insightful questions that demonstrate a sophisticated understanding of the circumstances of the job, the company, the competitive landscape, or the industry.

Alternate Version 1: "Where do you think the company should be in ten years?" Alternate Version 2: "What's your opinion of our new product?" Alternate Version 3: "Have you seen the company's new ad campaign?" More o