TalkonSolarPhotovoltaics (PV)

SachinShah VicePresident Electrotherm Immodo Renewables Ltd.

WhatisPV?
PV (Photovoltaic) is a method of generating electrical power by converting solar radiation into direct current electricity using semiconductors which exhibit photoelectric effect.

PVApplications
Energysourceforspaceapplicationslikesatellites. satellites Portablepowerapplicationslikecalculators,watchesetc. BuildingIntegratedPV(BIPV) Ruralapplicationsforpoweringlightloads,forpumpingwateretc. Miscellaneousapplicationslikesolarstreetlights,solarlanternsetc.

PVApplications
Rooftopsystems(kWp scale)fordecentralizedpowergeneration generation. Utilityscale(MWp grade)powerplantsforcentralizedpower generation.

AdvantagesofPV
PVutilizessolarenergy, energy whichisalocallyavailableandperennial sourceofenergy. Decentralizedpowergeneration(incaseofrooftopsystems);lower exposureofgeneratedenergytolineT&Dlosses. PVsystemsareavailablefromsmallsizedkWp systemstoutilityscale MWp sizedplants. gy;environmentfriendly. y Cleanandsilentsourceofenergy; ConvertsenergydirectlyfromtheprimarysourceofallenergySun. y aremodular; ;existing gsystem y may ybeaugmented g infuture. PVsystems Minimaloperationandmaintenancecosts.

ChallengesforPV
RelativelyhigherCapex cost;especiallyforrooftopsystemswhich involvebatteries. PVproducesDCpowerwhilethegridoperateswithACpower;hence convertersarerequiredtochangepowerwaveformwhichincreases plantcapex. Landintensive;57acresmayberequiredforinstallationof1MWp system. y Solarenergyisavariableresource;hencethereisinherentdifficultyin genergy gyp production. forecasting

TypicalPVPowerScheme
PVM Module d l Array String g Junction Box Inverter LowV L Voltage lt Panel St up Step Transformer Medium Voltage Panel Substation & Switchyard withPower Transformer Grid

PVSystemComponents&Roles
Component PVModules MountingSystem DCCables JunctionBoxes Inverter LVPanel LVStepup Transformer ACCables EnergyMeter GridInterconnectionSystem y HoldPVmodulesinplace TransmissionofDCpowerfrommodule strings tojunction boxes ParallelingofDCstrings DC toACconversionofelectricalpower Protection ofinverter,transformeretc. Stepuppower to11kVlevel Transmission ofACpowertogridinterconnectionfacility Measurementofnetinjectedenergytogrid Interconnection ofp plantwithg grid;electricalp protection Role Convertsolarenergy toDCelectricalenergy

PVTechnologyOptions
Component p Crystalline Summary y

PVModules

Polycrystalline y y Monocrysalline Thinfilm AmorphousSilicon(ASi)

MountingSystem

CadmiumTelluride(CdTe) Others

Inverter

PVTechnologyOptions
Component p Crystalline Summary y

PVModules

Polycrystalline y y (p (pCSi) )
52.9%globalmarketshare Source:multifacetedSicrystals Less L efficient ffi i t than th mC CSi

MountingSystem

LessexpensivethanmCSi

Monocrystalline (mCSi)
33.2%globalmarketshare Source:Single,highpuritySiliconcrystal

I Inverter t

Complexmanufacturingprocess Mostefficienttechnologyinmarket Mostexpensivetechnologyinmarket

PVTechnologyOptions
Component p Thinfilm Summary y

PVModules

Amorphous p Silicon( (ASi) )

5%globalmarketshare Process:ThinlayersofSiisplacedonglass Low L manufacturing f t i cost t

MountingSystem

Betterperformance thanCSiinhotweather

CadmiumTelluride(CdTe)
5.3%globalmarketshare Lowmanufacturingcost

Inverter

BetterperformancethanCSiinhotweather Cadmiumhazardous substance

PVTechnologyOptions
Component p FixedtiltSystem Summary y

PVModules

SeasonaltiltSystem y TrackingSystem Singleaxis Dualaxis

MountingSystem

Inverter

PVTechnologyOptions
Component p FixedtiltSystem Summary y

PVModules

Moduleorientationisfixed Material:MSGIiscommonlyused Mostcommonmountingsystem LowestlandrequirementperMWp

MountingSystem

SeasonaltiltSystem
Moduleorientationcanbevariedseasonally according toaltitudeofsun Material:MSGI,Aluminumis commonlyused

Inverter

p thanfixedtilt Moreexpensive MorelandrequirementperMWp thanfixedtilt

PVTechnologyOptions
Component p TrackingSystem Summary y

PVModules

Single g axis
Tracks dailymotionofsun(eastwest) (Azimuthtracking) No N tilt(El (Elevation) ti )variation i ti

MountingSystem

Moreenergy yield(>20%)thanfixedtilt MorelandrequirementperMWp Moreexpensivethanfixedandseasonalsystems

Inverter

PVTechnologyOptions
Component p TrackingSystem Summary y

PVModules

Dualaxis
Tracks dailymotionofsun(eastwest) (Azimuthtracking)andalso tilt(Elevation) variation i ti which hi hchanges h seasonally ll

MountingSystem

Moreenergy yieldthansingleaxistracker MorelandrequirementperMWp than singleaxis Relevanceofdualaxistrackerdiminishes

Inverter

q andvice aswemovetowardsequator versa

PVTechnologyOptions
Component p CentralInverter Summary y

PVModules

String gInverter

MountingSystem

Inverter

PVTechnologyOptions
Component p CentralInverter Summary y

PVModules

Largepowerrating(30kWto1.5 MW) Higherefficiencythanstringinverter Requiresenclosure(room/container) RequiresDCjunctionboxes forDCparalleling

MountingSystem

Lesscostper Wp thanstringinverter Easieroperationandmaintenanceforlarge scalePVplants

Inverter

PVTechnologyOptions
Component p StringInverter Summary y

PVModules

Smallpowerrating(1kWto15 kW) BetterMPPtrackingthancentralinverter Nodedicatedenclosurerequired ReducesDCcabling

MountingSystem

Usedwidelyforsmall kWp sizesystems

Inverter

PVValueChain
The global PV value chain is made up of the following major members:
Developers System integrators PV module manufacturers Inverter manufacturers Manufacturers of balance of system (BoS) components Consultants C lt t Media (Electronic, Print, Exhibitions etc.)

RecentPVIndustryTrends
Feedin tariffs slashed in major European PV markets like Germany, Germany Spain. Southeast Asian countries like China, China Taiwan have taken the lead in setting up largescale (GWs) production units of PV modules. Germany still remains world leader as PV technology supplier. supplier Major policy thrusts for utilityscale PV projects in India; e.g. G j t Solar Gujarat S l Policy P li and d National N ti l Solar S l Mission. Mi i I Incentives ti on offer ff also for rooftop systems.

About Electrotherm Immodo Renewables Ltd.

AJVbetweenElectrotherm (India) Ltd.andImmodo SolarS.A.,Spain.

ServicesOfferedbyE.I.R.L
1. TurnkeyEPCforGridconnectutilityscalephotovoltaicbasedsolar powerplantsandOffgridphotovoltaicsystems Sitesurvey Energyestimation Feasibilitystudy Engineeringanddesign Procurement I t ll ti and Installation dcommissioning i i i Supportforliaisonforclearancesandpermits Othervalueaddedservices

ServicesOfferedbyE.I.R.L
2. LongtermO&M,whichincludes: Monitoringandcontrolofcompleteplant Totalmaintenancebasedonpreventivesystems Spares S management Othervalueaddedservices 3. Financialservicestoclient

ProjectReferences
2008 2005 2006 2007 2009 2010*

0,5MWp

2MWp

8MWp 40MWp
(*) 2010 Provisional information

49MWp 69MWp

TotalPVpower installed upto 30th ofJuly,2010.

ProjectReferences
INSTALLATIONNAME CASAS DE HARO ESPERANZA POZOAMARGO CASA CARACOLES EDUARDO CASAS LA HERRERA PRADEJON HUEDO SARA GARCIA BALAZOTE TOPAS CARBAJOSA LA SAGRADA LAS TIESAS O CASA CAPITAN CAMPOLLANO CALZADILLA - EL CARRASCAL ARVALO OLMEDA DE LA CUESTA TORREMOCHA MANJARRES SANTO DOMINGO CUESTA BLANCA CAAMERO ZAMORA CUBIERTAS POWER (kWn) 149,00 1 160 00 1.160,00 499,00 998,00 1.584,00 2.498,00 2.900,00 990 00 990,00 1.010,00 1.000,00 996,00 350,00 2.000,00 2.000,00 5.000,00 554,40 1.890,00 6.000,00 6 000 00 255,00 1.728,00 1.886,00 3.000,00 5.500,00 , 9.900,00 4.325,00 TOTAL: 58.172,40 PEAKPOWER (kWp) 188,36 1 400 29 1.400,29 595,66 1.186,29 1.927,20 3.127,95 3.497,40 1 237 53 1.237,53 1.247,77 1.207,36 1.201,06 419,30 2.388,00 2.558,65 6.031,55 665,28 2.369,97 6.874,56 6 874 56 304,74 2.029,61 2.173,89 3.648,15 6.177,00 11.979,00 , 5.033,11 69.469,68 SOLARMODULES SHOTT SOLAR (283Wp) IBC 225 Wp, Wp ST 220, 220 REC220 REC 220W, SMC210 REC 220W LUXOR 175Wp TRINA 175Wp TRINA 175Wp ST SOLAR 220Wp, 220W TITAN 220Wp 220W TITAN 220Wp TITAN 220WP REC 220W REC 220W SILIKEN 260Wp. SUNTECH, SOLARFUNK 175W, NIMBO SOLAR 175W TITAN 220W TITAN 220W, 210, 230 SUNTECH 260W REC 220W REC 220W SILIKEN SILIKEN TRINA 225-230 Wp GADIR CADMOS 80Wp TRINA SOLAR TRINA SOLAR, REC, SUNTECH, SOLAR FUN, LUXOR, NINGBO FIXEDORTRACKING ESAUME ROTATIVE AXIS ERCAM elctrico ERCAM elctrico ERCAM hidrulico ERCAM hidraulicos ERCAM & Fixed ERCAM POLAR SUN POLAR SUN ERCAM SALIX SOLAR SALIX SOLAR ERCAM GINERER Y ERCAM FIXED ERCAM hidraulicos GIRENER FIXED GIRENER ERCAM ERCAM FIXED FIXED ERCAM & Fixed FIXED INVERTERS INGECON SUN 3.3 FRONIUS IG 30 30, 40 40, 60 Y 500 INGETEAM 3,3KW and 80KW FRONIUS 3,3 OMROM 3,3kw monofasicos OMRON 3,3KW SMA 5000A, 2 SMA 5000A 5000A, 2 SMA 5000A, 2 SMC5000A SALIX 8300 SALIX 8300 SOLARMAX 100C 100KW SMC 5000 SMA8000TL 8KW y SMC5000 INGETEAM 3,3KW, monofasicos SMA5000A SMA 8000TL 8000TL, 8KW 8KWn(40x96) (40 96) DANFOS 10KW SMC 5000A & FRONIUS IG 31 SMC 5000A, SB 3000, SB 3800 SOLARMAX 100C 100KW SOLARMAX 100C 100KW SOLARMAX 100C 100KW SMA, SOLARMAX, INGETEAM

ProjectReferences

6MWp,ThinfilmwithFixedtiltSystem

ProjectReferences

4MWp,Polycrystallinewith2AxisTracker

ProjectReferences

3MWp,Polycrystallinewith2AxisTracker

ProjectReferences

7MWp,PolycrystallinewithFixedtiltSystem

ThankYou