Results and Observations: Glucose Molisch test Moores test Violet ring Dark yellow with a caramel odor

Immediate rxn: -lime Green After 1 hour: -dark brown Sucrose Blue(violet) ring Light yellow Immediate rxn: -emerald green After 1 hour: -dark brown Starch Red(violet) ring Light yellow Immediate rxn: -emerald green After 1 hour: Green-black

Anthrone test

A positive reaction is indicated by appearance of a purple ring at the interface between the acid and test layers in the Molisch test. In our experiment, a purple, blue and a red ring were the colors formed at the junction of the two layers of Glucose, Sucrose, and Starch respectively. Glucose had a violet color on the lower part of the solution, while sucrose had a dark blue color on the lower part. Moore's test indicates the presence of carbohydrates in a specific compound. In the experiment, all solutions started clear but after boiling, glucose yielded a dark yellow solution having a caramel odor, while sucrose and starch yielded a light yellow color. The Anthrone test causes blue-green to appear when sugar is present in a sample. The test determines how much sugar is in a sample of any substance, including carbohydrates. In this experiment, when the anthrone reagent was poured onto glucose, sucrose, and starch, the immediate reactions formed a lime green and an emerald green color. After an hour, the glucose and sucrose solutions turned dark brown, while starch yielded a greenish black solution. Analysis & Conclusion: Molisch test is a sensitive chemical test for all carbohydrates based on the dehydration of the carbohydrate by sulfuric acid to produce an aldehyde ether which then condenses with the phenolic structure to form a purple colored compound. All carbohydrates monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides should give a positive reaction. The solutions tested - Glucose, sucrose, and starch yielded a positive reaction in the Molisch test since they are all carbohydrates. In the moores test, when the solution of reducing sugar is heated with a alkali, the solution will turn darker and therefore liberating a caramel odor. This is due to the liberation of an aldehyde which subsequent polymerizes to form a resinous substance, caramel. Glucose is a reducing sugar, while sucrose and starch are not, signifying that our results were correct and that only glucose will liberate a caramel odor.

In the Anthrone test, carbohydrates are dehydrated to form furfural to form a bluish green complex. Sugars react with the anthrone reagent to give a bluish green color. In our experiment, only starch gave a positive result that supposedly glucose and sucrose must also give. Some factors and inconsistencies may have been encountered for the other sugars not to give a positive result. By using the Molisch, Moores and Anthrone test, we became more familiar with the common principles, significant similiarities and differences in the reactions of carbohydrates in different quantitative tests, and that external factors in the testing process could affect the results. Molisch test is a test for carbohydrates and carbohydrate containing compounds. The Anthrone test is also a test from carbohydrates while the moores test is a test for reducing sugars.