Lab Manual

Engineering Mechanics CE-102

Observations and calculations Spring Number I Extension r= d= n= II Compression r= d= n=

12

Load Extension or compression X Stiffness (lbs) (inches) (lbs/inch) Forward Backward Mean

Lab Manual

Engineering Mechanics CE-102

Experiment NO.08 To determine the forces in three members of a roof truss. Apparatus
A model roof truss, spirit level and weight

Procedure
With the help of spirit level make the table AB horizontal. Now make sure that the spring balances work smoothly and note their zero errors. Attach a weight W to C by means of a string. Measure the sides AB, BC and CA and choosing a convenient scale draw a triangle ABC. In the structure diagram, draw a perpendicular to AB. Consider the equilibrium of the three forces acting at C. Their direction are given by the lines CA, CD along CD, take CE to represent W on a convenient scale. Draw EF parallel to AC, meeting CB at F. Then CEF is the triangle of forces acting at C. the sides EF and FC give the forces in the member AC and BC. Compare them with the spring balance readings.

15

Lab Manual

Engineering Mechanics CE-102

Observation and Calculation

Loads Forces in AB (State Forces in AB (State Tension or Compression) Tension or Compression) By Exp By Diagram By Exp By Diagram Forces in AB (State Tension or Compression) By Exp By Diagram

Precautions
1. See the balances work smoothly. 2. Note the zero reading in spring balances. 3. Make the table horizontal.

16

Lab Manual

Engineering Mechanics CE-102

Experiment NO.12 To determine the resultant of two of forces and to compare the magnitude and direction of its equal and opposite equilibrant with the experiment values Apparatus
A Circular steel plate is supported horizontally on three legs attached to a baseboard. A 360 degree protractor is fixed centrally on a plate and a steel peg stands up at the middle. Three pulleys clamps enable the load hanger cords to run towards a ring dropped over a peg.

Procedure
Set up three pulleys brackets, cords and hangers in any suitable arrangement. Let OP coincide with the zero position of protractor. Place loads P and Q. Add a load R and adjust the load and/or the deposition of OR until a condition of equilibrium is achieved. It may be helpful to make small changes to the load P and Q. Success will be apparent when the ring floats centrally on a centre peg while the apparatus is gently taped to minimize pulley friction. Record the loads and their directions in table.

25

Lab Manual

Engineering Mechanics CE-102

Observation and Calculation

Line of action

Direction (Degree)

Load (N)

Results
If two of the lines of action are set at right angles to each other this will enable a simple mathematical check to be made on the values of third force

26

Lab Manual

Engineering Mechanics CE-102

Let
= Deflection of beam at any point along the length of the beam = Central deflection of a beam X= variable distance from end B

From the symmetry of the figure, we find that the reaction at A is:

RA = RB = W/2 The maximum deflection yc at x= L/2 is given by:

Where E = Modulus of elasticity for the material of beam (Steel 29000 Ksi) I = Moment of inertia of the beam
31

Lab Manual

Engineering Mechanics CE-102

Load Deflection Curve:

Procedure:
1. Set the Deflection of Beam apparatus on a horizontal surface. 2. Set the dial indicator at zero. 3. Apply a load of 1N and measure the deflection using dial indicator. 4. Take a set of at least five readings of increasing value of load and then take readings on unloading.

Observations and Calculations:

Least Count of the dial indicator Effective length of beam (L) Breadth of beam (b) Height of beam (h) = __________ mm =__________ m

=__________ m =__________ m

Moment of inertia of the beam (I=bh3/12) =__________ m

32

Lab Manual

Engineering Mechanics CE-102

Table of Observations:
No of Obs. Effective Load-W (N) Central Deflection(mm) Loading Unloading Average W/ (N/mm) From Graph

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

33

Lab Manual

Engineering Mechanics CE-102

Observations and calculations Spring Number Load (lbs) Extension or compression X (inches) Forward Backward Mean() I Extension r= d= n= II Compression r= d= n=
39

Modulus of Rigidity

10 11 12 13 14 15 16

To determine mechanical advantage of toggle joint. To determine the moment of inertia of Rolling disc on inclined plane. To To determine the resultant of two of forces and to compare the magnitude and direction of its equal and opposite equilibrant with the experiment values To determine moment of inertia of fly wheel by falling method. To determine the central deflection of a simply supported beam loaded by a concentrated load at mid point. To determine the modulus of elasticity of the material of the simply supported beam by using the central deflection method. To verify Hooks law for various helical springs and to find their modulus of rigidity.

19 20 25 27 30 34 38

iv