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CHEE 3363: Fluid Mechanics for Chemical Engineers

Homework #2 Due date: Wednesday, January 30, at start of class. Recommended reading: Fox, sections 2.22.4. Recommended viewing: the NCFM movie Surface Tension. 1. The quantities viscosity , velocity v , and surface tension may be combined into a dimensionless group. Find the combination that is proportional to . 2. A 30-mm-diameter shaft is pulled through a cylindrical bearing as shown in the gure. The lubricant lling the 0.4-mm gap between the shaft and bearing is an oil of kinematic viscosity 7.0 104 m2 /s and a specic gravity of 0.88. Determine the force P required to pull the shaft at a velocity of 4 m/s.
Chapter 1 Introduction

29

The total error is dominated by the 8% error in the estimate of clearance, (Ro Ri). We might state the experimental result for viscosity as

exp 0.29 8.2% = 0.29 0.024

kg m s

Ans.

3. of The belt in the gure moves at steady velocity V and skimsathe top of a tank for of oil ofbeltviscosity viscosity . Assuming a linear velocity profile, develop simple formula the . Assuming that the lm of oil between the belt and the surface is thin, develop a in simple drive power P required as a function of (h, L, V, B, ). Neglect air drag. What power P formula for the belt-drive as a SAE function ofoil h, at L, 20 V, B, . Neglect watts is required if the belt power movesPatrequired 2.5 m/s over 30W C,with L = 2 airdrag. m, What power P in watts is required if the belt moves at 3 m/s over SAE 30W oil at 20 C, b = 60 cm, and h = 3 cm? with L = 3 m, b = 40 cm, and h = 2 cm?

1.52 The belt in Fig. P1.52 moves at steady velocity V and skims the top of a tank of oil

Fig. P1.52

The power is the viscous resisting force times the velocity: 4. Solution: In the concentric cylinder viscometer shown in the gure, the belt viscometer is driven by a falling mass M connected by a pulley and cord to the inner cylinder of radius R. The annular gap V the 2 L of width a and height lled with liquid to be tested. The P =H A belt Vbelt oilis Ans. mass falls at a constant (bL)V = V b h h speed vm . kg/m s. Then, for the given (b) For SAE 30W oil, 0.29 (a) Derive an algebraic expression for the viscosity ofbelt theparameters, liquid in the viscometer as a
function of M , g , vm , r, R, a, and 2 H.

kg m 2.0 m kg m 2 P = V 2 bL/h = 0.29 2.5 (0.6 m) 73 = 73 W m s s 0.03 m s3


1

Ans. (b)

1.53* A solid cone of base ro and initial angular velocity o is rotating inside a conical seat. Neglect air drag and derive a

2.55

(b) Evaluate the viscosity of the liquid for the following: M = 0.2 kg, vm = 40 mm/s, r = [4] 23 mm, R = 55 mm, a = 0.15 mm, and H = 70 mm.

ed

5. A pivot bearing used on the shaft of an electrical instrument is shown in the Figure. An oil with a viscosity of = 0.02 lbs/ft2 lls the 0.003-in gap between the rotating shaft and the stationary base. The cone angle is 30 . Determine the frictional torque on the shaft when it rotates at 6,000 rpm.
6,000 rpm

a I

0.20 mm Torque

I AR

0.0273 kg m

N s 0.10.1 in 2 m

tress, and A is the surface area of the viscometer 0 a V a R a


0.003 in

= 0.02 lbs/ft2

elocities.

R AR a

R A 7. Surface tension forces can be strong enough to allow a double-edge steel razor blade to oat a
2

6. Conceptual problem: Describe an experimental setup to measure the surface tension of a liquid similar to water. (The NCFM movie Surface Tension may have useful ideas here.) What 2 experimental precision could be expected?

dt
2

R A

on water, but a single-edge blade will sink. Assume that the surface tension forces act at an angle of relative to the water surface as shown in the gure. (a) The mass of the double-edge blade is 0.64 103 kg and the total length of its sides is 206 mm. Determine the value of required to maintain equilibrium balance between the blade weight and the resultant surface tension force. (b) The mass of the single edge blade is 2.6 103 kg and the total length of its sides is 154 mm. Explain why this blade sinks, and support your answer with calculations.

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