Lecture 14 Introduction To Earthquake Resistant Design of RC Structures (Part I) - 2011 PDF

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan
Lecture-14 Introduction to Earthquake Resistant Design of RC Structures (Part I)

By: Prof Dr. Qaisar Ali
Civil Engineering Department
UET Peshawar
drqaisarali@nwfpuet.edu.pk
Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE 5115 Advance Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures Fall 2011 1
Topics
Introduction How Architectural Features Affect Buildings During Earthquakes Earthquake Design Philosophy Seismic Loading Criteria Analysis for Seismic Loads Approximate Lateral Load Analysis (Portal method)
Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali
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Advance Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures
Fall 2011
Introduction
Earths Interior
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Introduction
Earthquake occurrence
Earthquake results from the sudden movement of the
tectonic plates in the earths crust.
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Introduction
Seismic Events around the globe
Mostly takes place at boundaries of Tectonic plates
Dots represents an earthquake
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Introduction
Effect of Earthquake
The movement, taking place at the fault lines, causes energy release which is transmitted through the earth in the form of waves. These waves reach the structure causing shaking.
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Introduction
Types of Waves Generated Due to Earthquake
Body Waves
Surface Waves
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Introduction
Displacement due to Earthquake
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Introduction
Horizontal and Vertical Shaking

Earthquake causes shaking of the ground in all three directions. The structures designed for gravity loading (DL+LL) will be normally safe against vertical component of ground shaking. The vertical acceleration during ground shaking either adds to or subtracts from the acceleration due to gravity.
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Introduction
Horizontal and Vertical Shaking
The structures are normally designed for horizontal shaking to minimize the effect of damages due to earthquakes.
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Introduction
Earthquake characteristics with respect to distance from epicenter 1.0 T 10 sec
1 Hz f 0.1 Hz
Near Field: 0 to 25 km Intermediate Field: 25 to 50 km Far Field: Beyond 50 km
0.3 T 1.0 sec 3.33 Hz f 1 Hz
Epicenter
0.05 T 0.3 20 Hz f 3.33 Hz 25 km Low period & high frequency field
Moderate period & low frequency field Large period & low frequency field
Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE 5115 Advance Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures Fall 2011
Introduction
Resonance risk for structures w.r.t near, intermediate and far field Earthquakes
The natural time period of a structure is its important characteristic to predict behavior during an earthquake of certain time period (Resonance phenomenon). For a particular structure, the natural time period is a function of mass and stiffness {T = 2(M/K)} T can be roughly estimated from: T = 0.1 number of stories
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Introduction
Resonance risk for structures w.r.t near, intermediate and far field Earthquakes
High rise Structure (Above 5 stories) Medium rise Structure (upto 5 stories)
Epicenter
Low rise Structure (upto 3 stories)
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Introduction
Earthquake Recording
Seismograph
Using multiple seismographs around the world, accurate location of the epicenter of the earthquake, as well as its magnitude or size can be determined. Working of seismograph shown in figure.
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Introduction
Richter Scale
In 1935, Charles Richter (US) developed this scale. The Richter scale is logarithmic, So, a magnitude 5 Richter measurement is ten times greater than a magnitude 4; while it is 10 x 10, or 100 times greater than a magnitude 3 measurement.
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Introduction
Some of the famous earthquake records
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Introduction
Number of Earthquakes per year
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Introduction
Seismic Zones
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How Architectural Features Affect Buildings During Earthquakes?

Importance of Architectural Features
The behavior of a building during earthquakes depends critically on its overall shape, size and geometry, in addition to how the earthquake forces are carried to the ground.
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Importance of Architectural Features
At the planning stage, architects and structural engineers must work together to ensure that the unfavorable features are avoided and a good building configuration is chosen.
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Other Undesirable Scenarios
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Soft Storey
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Earthquake Design Philosophy
Performance level
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Seismic Loading Criteria

Building Code of Pakistan
In Pakistan, the design criteria for earthquake loading are based on design procedures presented in chapter 5, division II of Building Code of Pakistan, seismic provision 2007 (BCP, SP 2007), which have been adopted from chapter 16, division II of UBC-97 (Uniform Building Code), volume 2.
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Lateral Force Determination Procedures
The total design seismic force imposed by an earthquake on the structure at its base is referred to as base shear V in the UBC-97.
The design seismic force can be determined based on:

Dynamic lateral force procedure [sec. 1631, UBC-97 or sec. 5.31, BCP-2007]. Static lateral force procedure [sec. 1630.2, UBC-97 or Sec. 5.30.2, BCP 2007], and/or
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Dynamic Lateral Force Procedure
UBC-97 section 1631 include information on dynamic lateral force procedures that involve the use of:

Time history analysis. Response spectrum analysis.
The details of these methods are presented in sections 1631.5 and 1631.6 of the UBC-97.
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Time History Analysis (THA)

Lateral Displacement
Ground acceleration
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a (ft/sec2)
Response Spectrum Analysis (RSA)

Response D 1 Peak Response T Ts1 = 0.3 sec Response D2 T T (Ts3,D3) Response D3 T T Ts3 = 2.0 sec CE 5115 Advance Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures Fall 2011 Structural Time period T (Ts1,D1) (Ts2,D2)
a (ft/sec2)
Ts2 = 1.0 sec
a (ft/sec2)
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Response Spectrum Analysis (RSA)
UBC-97 Response Spectrum Curve (Acceleration vs. Time period)

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE 5115 Advance Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures Fall 2011

Static Lateral Force Procedure
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The total design base shear (V) in a given direction can be determined from the following formula:
V = (CI/RT) W
Where,

C = Seismic coefficient (Table 16-R of UBC-97). I = Seismic importance factor (Table 16-K of UBC-97 ) R = numerical coefficient representative of inherent over strength and global ductility capacity of lateral force-resisting systems (Table 16-N or 16-P). W = the total seismic dead load defined in Section 1630.1.1.
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The total design base need not exceed [ V = (2.5CaI/R) W ]
Where, Ca = Seismic coefficient (Table 16-Q of UBC-97)
The total design base shear shall not be less than [ V = 0.11CaIW ]
In addition for seismic zone 4, the total base shear shall also not be less [ V = (0.8ZNI/R) W ]
Where, N = near source factor (Table 16-T of UBC-97); Z = Seismic zone factor (Table 16-I of UBC-97)
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Steps for Calculation of V:

Step 1: Find Site Specific details. Step 2: Determine Seismic Coefficients Step 3: Determine Seismic Importance factor I Step 4: Determine R factor Step 5: Determine structures time period Step 6:Determine base shear V and apply code maximum and minimum. Step 7: Determine vertical distribution of V.
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Step 1: Find Site Specific details.
Following list of data needs to be obtained:

Seismic Zone Soil type Past earthquake magnitude (required only for highest seismic zone). Closest distance to known seismic source (required only for highest seismic zone).
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Step 1: Site Specific details.
i. Seismic Zone
Source: BCP SP-2007
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ii. Soil Type
As per UBC code, if soil type is not known, type SD shall be taken.
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iii. Past Earthquake magnitude: This is required only for seismic zone 4 to decide about seismic source type so that certain additional coefficients can be determined.
iv. Distance to known seismic zone is also required to determine additional coefficients for zone 4.
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Step 2: Determination of Seismic Coefficients.
Cv:
Nv (required only for zone 4):
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Step 2: Determination of Seismic Coefficients.
Ca:
Na (required only for zone 4):
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Step 3: Determination of Seismic Importance Factor.
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Step 4: Determination of R Factor.
R factor basically reduces base shear V to make the system economical. However the structure will suffer some damage as explained in the earthquake design philosophy. R factor depends on overall structural response of the structure under lateral loading. For structures exhibiting good performance, R factor will be high.
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Step 4: Determination of R Factor.
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Step 5: Determination of structures time period.
Structural Period (By Method A, UBC 97): For all buildings, the value T may be approximated from the following formula: T = Ct (hn)3/4
Where,

Ct = 0.035 (0.0853) for steel moment-resisting frames. Ct = 0.030 (0.0731) for reinforced concrete moment-resisting frames and eccentrically braced frames.
Ct = 0.020 (0.0488) for all other buildings. hn = Actual height (feet or meters) of the building above the base to the nth level.
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Step 6: Determination of Base Shear (V).
Calculate base shear meeting the following criteria:

0.11CaIW V = (CI/RT) W (2.5CaI/R) W
For zone 4, the total base shear shall also not be less than:
V = (0.8ZNI/R) W
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Step 7: Vertical Distribution of V to storeys.
The joint force at a particular level x of the structure is given as: Fx = (V Ft)xhx/ihi (UBC sec. 1630.5)
{ i ranges from 1 to n, where n = number of stories }
Ft = Additional force that is applied to the top level (i.e., the roof) in addition to the Fx force at that level.

Ft = 0.07TV {for T > 0.7 sec} Ft = 0 {for T 0.7 sec}
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Example: Calculation of V for E-W interior frame of the given
structure. Structure is located in Peshawar. Soil type is stiff. fc = 4 ksi fy = 60 ksi
SDL = Nil LL = 144 psf SDL = Nil LL = 144 psf SDL = Nil LL = 144 psf
10 ft (floor to floor)
10 ft 20 ft 10 ft 20 ft 25 ft 25 ft 25 ft 25 ft
20 ft
SlabBeam Frame Structure

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Example:
E-W interior frame 4 spans @ 25-0
3 spans @ 20-0
l2 = 20
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Example:
Step 1: Site specific details. i. Seismic Zone:
From seismic zoning map of Pakistan, Peshawar lies in seismic zone 2B (Z = 0.20)
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Example:
Step 1: Site specific details. ii. Soil Type: Stiff soil is classified as SD (stiff soil).
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Example:
Step 1: Site specific details. iii. Past earthquake magnitude: Not determined as it required for zone 4 only. iv. Distance to known seismic zone: Not determined as it is required for zone 4 only.
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Example:
Step 2: Determination of Seismic Coefficients. For seismic zone 2B, only Ca and Cv determination is required.
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Example:
Step 3: Determination of Seismic Importance Factor.
I = 1.00 (Standard Occupancy Structures)
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Example:
Step 4: Determination of R Factor. R = 8.5 (Concrete SMRF)
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Example:
Step 5: Determination of Structures time period. By method A: T = Ct (hn)3/4 Ct = 0.003; hn = 30 ft T = 0.003 (30)3/4 = 0.384 sec
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Example:
Step 6: Determination of base shear (V). Base Shear (V) = {CvI/RT}W W = 3 (wslab + wbeams + wcolumns)E-W Frame =3[(7/12)20(425)+{(1413)/144}(425)+5{(1414)/144}10] 0.15 = 3 204.33 = 613 kips 25 % floor live load will also be added up (for warehouses, see UBC sec.1630.1.1.) W = 613 + 0.25 0.144 20(425) = 685 kips
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Example:
Step 6: Determination of base shear (V). V = {CvI/RT}W = {0.40 1.00/ (8.5 0.384)} 685 = 83.94 kips The total design base need not exceed the following: V = (2.5CaI/R) W = {(2.5 0.28 1.00)/ (8.5)} 685 = 56.41 kips, N.G. The total design base shear shall not be less than the following: V = 0.11CaIW = 0.11 0.28 1.00 685= 21.098 kips, O.K. Therefore, V = 56.41 kip (8 % of seismic weight W)
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Example:
Step 7: Vertical distribution of V to storeys. Fx = (V Ft)xhx/ihi ihi = 228 10 + 22820 + 22830 = 13680 kip F1 = (56.41 0) 228 10/ {(13680)} = 9.402 kip Storey forces for other stories are given in table below:
Table Storey shears. Level x 3 2 1
hx (ft) 30 20 10
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wx (kip) 228 228 228
wxhx (ft-kip)
wxhx /(Swihi)
Fx (kip)
6840 0.5 28.21 4560 0.33 18.61 2280 0.166 9.36 Swihi = 13680 Check SFx =V = 56.18 kip OK
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Example (Storey Forces):
Same forces will be obtained for other E-W interior frame because it has same dimensions and loading conditions as of E-W interior frame considered. Half values shall be applied to E-W exterior frames.
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Example (Storey Forces):
14.1 kips 28.21 kips 9.3 kips 18.61 kips 4.68 kips 9.36 kips 28.21 kips 14.1 kips 18.61 kips 9.3 kips 9.36 kips 4.68 kips
Note: Base shear can also be computed for complete structure and then can be divided to different frames.
20 ft 20 ft 20 ft
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Class Activity: Calculate the base shear for the given frame.
200 kip
200 kip
Cv = 0.28 I = 1.00 R = 8.5
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Case Study 1: Comparison between the procedures of SAP2000 utilizing automated lateral force feature and manually applied lateral loads for the given frame.
The objectives of this study are: To present the automated lateral force calculation feature of software SAP2000. To compare the manual lateral load application procedure with automated load application feature of SAP2000.
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Case Study 1: 3D structure under study
SAP2000 3D Model (20ft 15 ft) panels Seismic Zone: 2B Soil Type: SD Method A used for time period calculation Mass source: SDL only 62
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Case Study 1: 1. Automated Lateral Force Procedure of SAP2000
Steps of this method are shown next.
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1. Automated Lateral Force Procedure of SAP2000
It is important to add SDL as Load for mass source with 3rd option selected to avoid load to be taken two times.
Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE 5115 Advance Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures Fall 2011 64
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1. Automated Lateral Force Procedure of SAP2000
Case Study 2: Base shear calculation for E-W direction using SAP2000 automated lateral load feature and comparison with
results of manually applied lateral loads.
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Case Study 1:
2. Manual Lateral Force Procedure using SAP2000
Steps of this method are shown next.
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Case Study 1:

Le vel x 3 2 1
Cv = 0.4; Ca = 0.28; I = 1.00; R = 8.5; T = 0.398 sec; W = 1703 kip V = (CvI/RT)W = 201 kip; V = 2.5CaI/R)W/R = 140 kip (governs)
Table Storey shears. hx (ft) 31. 5 21 10. 5 wx (kip) 567 567 567 wxhx (ftwxhx kip) /(Swihi) 17860.5 11907 5953 0.5 0.33 0.166 Fx (kip) 70 46.6 23.24 Fx (kip) Interior frame 70/3 = 23.33 46.6/3=15.5 23.34/3=7.74 Fx (kip) Exterior frame 23.33/2=11.65 15.5/2=7.75 7.74/2=3.87
Check SFx =V = 140 Divided by 3 because of 3 Swihi = 35720.5 complete frames in E-W direction. kip OK
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Case Study 1:
11.65 kips 23.33 kips 7.75 kips 15.5 kips 3.87 kips 7.74 kips 23.33 kips 11.65 kips 15.5 kips 7.75 kips 7.74 kips
15 ft 15 ft 15 ft
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3.87 kips
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20 ft
20 ft
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Case Study 1:
Manual SAP Automated
Results: Comparison of Column Bending Moment. In the case of Manual the forces are applied at nodes as shown on previous slide. In SAP automated SAP does this automatically
16 (16) 22 (22)
27 (26) 13 (13) 66 (68) 19 (19) 36 (36) 20 (20)
38 (38)
77 (77)
l1=20 ft
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l =20 ft
l =20 ft
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Case Study 1:
Manual SAP Automated 12 (12) 8 (8) 24 (25) 29 (29) 21 (22) 49 (50) 63 (64) 39 (40) 42 (43) 22 (22)
Results: Comparison of Beam Bending Moment.

9.4 (9) 8.5 (8.5)
l1=20 ft
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l =20 ft
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Base Shear using UBC Response Spectra
Example:
Ca = 0.28
Spectral Acceleration (gs)
Cv = 0.4
2.5Ca = 0.7 Line at T = 0.384 sec
Ts = Cv/2.5Ca = 0.57 sec To = 0.2Ts = 0.114 sec R = 8.5; W = 685 kips
Cv/T
Now, T of given structure = 0.384 sec

Ca = 0.28
At T = 0.384 sec, Spectral acceleration = 0.7g V = W (a/g)/R = 56 kips

0.114 0.57 Period (sec) 71
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Analysis for Seismic Loads

Methods of Seismic (lateral load) Analysis
Exact: FEM using SAP 2000, etc.
This method was demonstrated in previous example
Approximate lateral load analysis:

This will be discussed next
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Approximate Lateral Load Analysis

ACI Requirements on Lateral Load Analysis
Unlike ACI 8.9 which allows separate floor analysis for gravity loads, ACI R8.9 states that for lateral load analysis, a
full frame from top to bottom must be considered.
For Gravity Load

For Lateral Load

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Portal Method
This is a method used to estimate the effects of side sway due to lateral forces acting on multistory building frame. This method is specialized form of point of inflection method.
Side sway () E3
E2
E1
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Portal Method
Prepositions:
1. The total horizontal shear in all columns of a given storey is equal and opposite to the sum of all horizontal loads acting above that storey. This preposition follows from the requirement that horizontal forces be in equilibrium at any level. F3 F2 F1 H11
H31 H21
H32 H22 H12
H31 + H32 = F3 H21 + H22 = F3 + F2 H11+ H12 = F3 + F2 + F1

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Portal Method
Prepositions:
2. The horizontal shear is the same in both exterior columns. The horizontal shear in each interior column is twice that in exterior column.
This preposition is due to the fact that interior columns are generally more rigid than exterior columns (interior column with larger axial load will require larger cross section).
F3
H H
2H 2H
2H 2H
H H
6 H = F3 F2 or H = F3 /6 H = F3 / 2n Where n= no. of bays F1
2H
2H
H
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Portal Method
Prepositions:
3. The inflection points of all members (columns and beams) are located midway between the joints except for bottom storey. Point of Inflection
F3 F2
Location of P.O.I depends on end restraints:
F1
2h/3 h/3 Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE 5115
2h/3 (restraints with more resistance to rotation) h/3 (restraints with less resistance to rotation) At base (ideal hinge)
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Portal Method
Step 1: Location of points of inflection on frame using preposition 3. F3
F2
F1
l1
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Portal Method
Step 2: Determine column shears using proposition 1 and 2. F3
H3ext=F3/2n H3int=F3/n H3int=F3/n H3ext=F3/2n
F2
H2ext=(F3 + F2)/2n H2int=(F3 + F2)/n H2int=(F3 + F2)/n H2ext=(F3 + F2)/2n
F1
H1ext=(F3 + F2 + F1)/2n H1int=(F3 + F2 + F1)/n H1int=(F3 + F2 + F1)/n H1ext=(F3 + F2 + F1)/2n
n = number of bays
l1
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Portal Method
Step 3a: Determine column moments from statics. F3
M3ext= H3exth/2 M3int= H3inth/2 M3int= H3inth/2 M3ext= H3exth/2
H3ext
H3int
M3int= H3inth/2 M2int= H2inth/2
H3int
H3ext
M3ext= H3exth/2 M2ext= H2exth/2
F2
H2ext
H2int
H2int
H2ext
F1
H1ext
M1ext= H1ext2h/3
H1int
M1int= H1int2h/3
H1int
M1int= H1int2h/3
H1ext
M1ext= H1ext2h/3
l1
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Portal Method
Step 3b: Determine beam moments from statics.
Beam moments at a joint can be determined from equilibrium. The beam moments to the left (MBL) and right (MBR) of a joint can be determined from the following formulae:

MBL= Mcol/m MBR= Mcol/m
Where,

m = # of connecting beams at a joint. Mcol = summation of column moments at a joint.
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Portal Method
Step 3b: Determine beam moments from statics. F3
MBL= M3ext/1 M3ext MBR= M3int/2 MBL= M3int/2 M3int M3int
F2
MBR= (M3in3+M2int)/2 MBL= (M3in3+M2int)/2 M2int
Note: The direction of beam moment shall be opposite to the direction of column moment.
F1
l1
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Portal Method
Step 3c: Determine beam shear from statics.
As the point of inflection is assumed to lie at mid span, the beam shear equals beam end moment divided by beam span.
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Portal Method
Step 3c: Determine beam shear from statics. F3
MBR MBL PL=MBL/0.5l1 PR=MBR/0.5l1 MBR MBL PL=MBL/0.5l2 PR=MBR/0.5l2 PL PR
F2
PL PR PL PR PL PR
F1
PL PR PL PR PL PR
l1
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Portal Method
Step 3d: Determine column axial force from statics.
For a segment (abc for example), the axial force shall be arithmetic sum of beam shears within that segment, but in opposite direction. Axial force in lower storey shall be the sum of axial force in storey under question plus the axial forces in all above stories. a c
PL PR
F3 F2
PL
PR
PR
PL
PR
PL
PR
PL
PR
F1
PL PR PL PR PL PR
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Portal Method
Step 3d: Determine column axial force from statics. F3
PL3 PL3 PR3 PR3+PL3 PL3 PR3 PL3 PR3
F2
PL3+PL2 PL2 PR2 PL2 PR2 PL2 PR2
F1
PL1 PL3+PL2 +PL1 PR1 PL1 PR1 PL1 PR1
Similarly all other column axial forces can be determined
l1
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Portal Method
Case Study 2: Lateral load analysis for E-W Interior Frame of given 3D structure by portal method and its comparison with
SAP2000.
The objective of this study is to check the level of accuracy of portal method.
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Portal Method
Case Study 2: Given 3D structure. fc = 4 ksi fy = 60 ksi
Note: Zone 2B SDL = Nil LL = 144 psf Slab = 7
SDL = Nil LL = 144 psf SDL = Nil LL = 144 psf SDL = Nil LL = 144 psf
10 ft (floor to floor)
10 ft 20 ft 10 ft 20 ft 25 ft 25 ft 25 ft 25 ft
20 ft

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Portal Method
Case Study 2: E-W Interior Frame
F3 =28.21 kip h=10 ft F2 =18.61 kip
h=10 ft F1 =9.36 kip h=10 ft
l1=25 ft
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l2=25 ft
l3=25 ft
l4=25 ft
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Portal Method (Case Study 2)
Step 1: Locate points of inflection.
F3 =28.21 kip
F2 =18.61 kip
F1 =9.36 kip
For Hinge
l1=25 ft
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l3=25 ft
l4=25 ft
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Step 2: Determine column shear.
F3 =28.21 kip
H3ext=F3/2n 3.5 H3int=F3/n 7.05 7.05 7.05 3.5
n=4
F2 =18.61 kip
H2ext=(F3 + F2)/2n 5.85 H2int=(F3 + F2)/n 11.7 11.7 11.7 5.85
F1 =9.36 kip
H1ext=(F3 + F2 + F1)/2n H1int=(F3 + F2 + F1)/n
7.00
14.0
14.0
14.0
7.00
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Step 2: Determine column shear (comparison with SAP).
Portal Method SAP 3D
3.5 (4)
7.05 (7)
7.05 (7)
5.85 (7)
11.7 (13)
11.7 (12)
7.00 (11)
14.0 (13)
14.0 (13)
l1=25 ft
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M = H h/2 (for all stories except bottom) M = H h (for bottom storey)
Step 3a: Determine column moments.

F3 = 28.21 kip
17.5 3.5 35.25 7.05 35.25 58.5 11.7 58.5 140 35.25 7.05 35.25 58.5 11.7 58.5 140 35.25 7.05 35.25 58.5 11.7 58.5 140 17.5 3.5 17.5 29.3 5.85 29.3 70
F2 = 18.61 kip
17.5 29.3 5.85
F1 = 9.36 kip
29.3 70
7.00
14.0
14.0
14.0
7.00
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l3=25 ft
l4=25 ft
Fall 2011

Step 3a: Determine column moments (comparison with SAP).
Portal Method SAP 3D 17.5 (28) 35.25 (39) 35.25 (37)
17.5 (20)
29.3 (45)
35.25 (33)
58.5 (69)
35.25 (32)
58.5 (65)
29.3 (28)
70 (111)
58.5 (62)
140 (133)
58.5 (56)
140 (129)
l1=25 ft
CE 5115
l2=25 ft
l3=25 ft
l4=25 ft
Fall 2011
94
47

Step 3b: Determine beam moments.
F3 = 28.21 kip
17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5
MBL= Mcol/m MBR= Mcol/m
17.5 17.5
35.25 35.25 46.8 46.8 46.8
35.25 35.25 46.8 46.8
35.25 35.25 46.8 46.8
17.5 17.5
F2 = 18.61 kip
46.8
29.3 29.3
58.5 58.5 99 99 99
58.5 58.5 99 99
58.5 58.5 99 99
29.3 29.3
F1 = 9.36 kip
99
70
140
140
140
70
l1=25 ft
CE 5115
l2=25 ft
l3=25 ft
l4=25 ft
Fall 2011
95

Step 3b: Determine beam moments (comparison with SAP).
Portal Method SAP 3D 17.5 (19) 17.5 (16) 17.5 (14) 46.8 (41) 46.8 (46) 46.8 (37) 99 (81) 99 (99) 99 (68) 99 (70) 46.8 (37) 17.5 (14)
l1=25 ft
CE 5115
l2=25 ft
l3=25 ft
l4=25 ft
Fall 2011
96
48

Step 3c: Determine beam shear.
F3 = 28.21 kip
17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5
PL= MBL/0.5l PR= MBR/0.5l
1.4 46.8
1.4 46.8 46.8
1.4
1.4 46.8
1.4 46.8
1.4 46.8
1.4 46.8
1.4 46.8
F2 = 18.61 kip
3.74
3.74
3.74
3.74
3.74
3.74
3.74
3.74
F1 = 9.36 kip
99 7.92
99 7.92
99 7.92
99 7.92
99 7.92
99 7.92
99 7.92
99 7.92
l1=25 ft
CE 5115
l2=25 ft
l3=25 ft
l4=25 ft
Fall 2011
97

Step 3c: Determine beam shear (comparison with SAP).
Portal Method SAP 3D 1.4 (1.8) 1.4 (1.5)
3.74 (4.4)
3.74 (4)
7.92 (9)
7.92 (7)
l1=25 ft
CE 5115
l2=25 ft
l3=25 ft
l4=25 ft
Fall 2011
98
49

Step 3d: Determine column axial loads.
F3 = 28.21 kip
1.4 1.4 1.4 0 1.4 1.4 0 1.4 1.4 0 1.4 1.4 1.4
F2 = 18.61 kip
3.74 3.74 0 3.74 3.74 0 3.74 3.74 0 3.74 3.74 5.14 5.14
F1 = 9.36 kip
7.92 13.06
7.92 0
7.92
7.92 0
7.92
7.92 0
7.92
7.92 13.06
l1=25 ft
CE 5115
l2=25 ft
l3=25 ft
l4=25 ft
Fall 2011
99

Step 3d: Determine column axial loads (comparison with SAP).
Portal Method SAP 3D 1.4 (2) 0 (-0.5) 0 (0)
5.14 (7)
0 (-1.4)
0 (0)
13.06 (17)
0 (-4.4)
0 (0)
l1=25 ft
CE 5115
l2=25 ft
l3=25 ft
l4=25 ft
Fall 2011
100
50

Similar comparison for 20 15 ft structure is shown below:
Portal Method SAP 3D 16 (16) 31 (22)
26 (26) 16 (13) 61 (68) 26 (19) 52 (36) 31 (20)
52 (38)
123 (77)
l1=20 ft
CE 5115
l =20 ft
l =20 ft
l4=20 ft
Fall 2011
101

Similar comparison for 20 15 ft structure is shown below:
Portal Method SAP 3D 16 (12) 16 (8) 41 (25) 41 (29) 41 (22) 87 (50) 87 (64) 87 (40) 87 (43) 41 (22) 16 (9) 16 (8.5)
l1=20 ft
CE 5115
l =20 ft
l =20 ft
l4=20 ft
Fall 2011
102
51

Portal Method
Case Study 3: Lateral Load Analysis of a frame corresponding to seismic demand in seismic zones 1 to 4
using Portal Method.
CE 5115
Fall 2011
103

Portal Method
Case Study 3 fc = 3 ksi fy = 40 ksi
SDL = 40 psf LL = 60 psf SDL = 40 psf LL = 60 psf SDL = 40 psf LL = 60 psf
10.5 ft (floor to floor)
10.5 ft 15 ft 10.5 ft 15 ft 20 ft 20 ft 20 ft 20 ft
15 ft

Fall 2011 104
CE 5115
52

Portal Method
Case Study 3: Zone 1 (Bending moments)
Ca = 0.12 Cv = 0.18 R = 8.5 V = 20.04 kips
CE 5115
Fall 2011
105

Portal Method
Case Study 3: Zone 2A (Bending moments)
Ca = 0.22 Cv = 0.32 R = 8.5 V = 36.74 kips
CE 5115
Fall 2011
106
53

Portal Method
Case Study 3: Zone 2B (Bending moments)
Ca = 0.28 Cv = 0.40 R = 8.5 V = 46.76 kips
CE 5115
Fall 2011
107

Portal Method
Ca = 0.36 Cv = 0.54 R = 8.5 V = 60.11 kips
CE 5115
Fall 2011
108
54

Portal Method
Ca = 0.44 Cv = 0.64 R = 8.5 V = 73.47 kips
CE 5115
Fall 2011
109

Portal Method
Case Study 3: Comparison (Interior Negative Beam Moment)
Top
Intermediate Bottom
CE 5115
Fall 2011
110
55

Portal Method
Case Study 3: Comparison (Column Moment)
Top
Intermediate
Bottom
CE 5115
Fall 2011
111
References
ACI 318 UBC-97 BCP SP-2007 Earthquake tips from IITK.
Intermediate Bottom
CE 5115
Fall 2011
112
56
The End
CE 5115
Fall 2011
113
57

Lecture 14 Introduction To Earthquake Resistant Design of RC Structures (Part I) - 2011 PDF

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Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan