J RAMESH BABU :

Predominantly HAZOP deals with process related hazards, HAZID deals with non or other than process related hazards like facility hazards etc. HAZOP focuses on the equipment or pipeline or piece of equipment as node, whereas HAZID takes the facility as a node. HAZOP deals with the internal hazards of the equipment and HAZID deals with the external hazards. While HAZID provides inputs for the COMAH or QRA, HAZOP provides input for the design, operation and maintenance etc. Both techniques use the guidewords to initiate the thoughts making the group hazard identification systematic. Both are complimentary to each other. To supplement what has been discussed earlier HAZID is used in all stages. Though HAZID is very handy as PHA tool during early stages for plant life cycle in making crucial decisions like site selection, layout, and identification of Major Accident Scenarios etc it is done at various stages of plant life cycle including operational and decommissioning phase. Many corporate standards including ADNOC, UAE insist on this requirement. Utility of HAZID varies depending on the stage we use it. For example during Construction stage, construction stage related issues are discussed and in operational stage issues like Management of Change are also dealt with. Boundaries of HAZID can be defined depending on the corporate philosophy and other supplementary tools used by the corporate to avoid overlapping of boundaries/ duplication of issues. David Graham : HAZID is done at a very early stage in the project, at the scope and flowsheet stage. HAZOP is done after the PIDs have been issued for approval, for example when the Client and Contractor have agreed that the process has been sufficiently developed. The HAZID and HAZOP systems I work with are not free of charge. They belong to the particular Client or Contractor I'm working for. I have my own systems for HAZID and HAZOP for other companies who don't have systems e.g Middle East companies who prefer to issue guidelines rather than procedures. These are not free either. Use Google to get free information or attend an IChemE or AIChemE course on hazard study. Kadayam. R. Ramasubramanian HAZID ( Hazard Identification): (Shell) HAZID (Hazard Identification) is a technique for early identification of potential hazards and threats. The technique has two styles, Conceptual and Detailed and should be applied at the very outset of a new venture or during the early stages of a development. It is therefore likely to be the first formal HSE-related study for any new project. The major benefit of HAZID is that early identification and assessment of the critical HSE hazards provides essential input to project development decisions. This will lead to safer and more costeffective design options being adopted with a minimum cost of change penalty. HAZOP ( Hazard & Operability Study): (ICI) # Hazard and Operability study is a formal, systematic, critical examination of the process and engineering intentions of the facilities to assess the hazard potential due to mal-operation or mal-function of individual items of equipment and the consequential effects on operation of the facility as a whole. # The method identifies the possible hazards and postulates possible accident scenarios. The safety features provided in the design are then reviewed to determine whether the safeguards are adequate or not. Actions are recommended if deficiency is found in the safeguards provided. The process demonstrates to the owner / management that prudent steps have been taken to make the installation as safe as practicable. # Hazop is done after the design reviews are completed and the P&IDs are issued. After the Hazop, when all the recommendations are implemented, the P&IDs are approved for construction.

John Boyd (facilitator for too many years in the Oil & Gas and Mining industries) Hazid (with or without formalized RA / Matrix etc.) can be used at any time in the life cycle of a plant from early project life to decommissioning. It is a very flexible tool and can be used to identify activity /HSE / project risks via brainstorming in a workshop environment. Production of a report post workshop draws a line in the sand at how the project or work schedule risks are being addressed at that period in time. If there are any incidents during the project ... any regulator or incident investigator can review the reports to ensure due diligence by the design / project team. From a Hazid, a risk register can be developed which can be re-visited as the work progresses. Hazop on the other hand is a structured, formal method of assessing robustivity of a process design or critical procedure and should follow the international standard IEC 61882. For a process design it should assess P&IDs at the 'frozen design' position (as per IEC 61882) and should not be used as a 'design forming' tool - Hazid and other tools are good for that . Hazop is, by its generic nature a design testing tool where designers and operators in a workshop environment, led by a suitably qualified facilitator, challenge the 'ready' design by theoretically stretching it outside of its normal parameters and proving that the system has adequate protection and is suitable to go to the next phase in the design process ( if its a large installation) or to be constructed . A good Hazop study should result in very few actions ... proving that the design is indeed ready for Hazop. I have been asked in the past to review Hazops by others which resulted in over 200 actions ?? The IChemE have intimated that Hazop is being abused and that some engineers / project managers use it to design systems they use PFDs instead of P&IDs etc, etc and have no real respect for how important (with legal connotations) Hazop is... in my extended journey through industry I have seen various Hazop titles such as Conceptual Hazop, Detailed Design Hazop, Course Hazop, 'Easter' Hazop ... no good .... there's just Hazop and if the design goes wrong and you have to bear witness in court ... just remember a 'Course' Hazop by definition is not at the 'frozen' design position, therefore not ready for Hazop .. so try to defend that fact and that you, as the Facilitator, allowed it to happen. Hazop under IEC 61882 is one of the few standards that have been accepted verbatim worldwide. In a world of major process incidents that shows how important the tool is for the Process Industry.