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A particular technology
Definition of a Colloid
Small insoluble, non-diffusable particles, larger than molecules but small enough to remain suspended in a fluid medium without settling
Cembinder W50
OH Si
5 nm (10-9m)
O Si O O Si OH
Na Water
OH O Si O O O Al OH O O Si OH O Al O Si O Si O O Si O Al O
Water
Si
more than 10 000 000 000 000 000 000 (1019) particles per gram
Characteristics of Cembinder
Anionic particles pH 8 11 Sizes from 2 100 nm SiO2- concentration 8 50% Sodium stabilized < 1% as (Na20) Hydrophilic behavior Low viscosity Water as the fluid No other chemicals added Not toxic GREEN on the PLONOR list Shelf life 12 months, when stored in 5 - 35C
OH Si O Si OO Si OH
Na+ Water
Si
R
O Si OO Si
O Si
OH
Al O O Si O Si O
O Si OH
Si O O
Al
Standard
pH > 8 Anionic particles Sodium or ammonia stabilized
Surface-modified
pH 4-9 Anionic particles High surface charge
Organo-modified
pH 7-9 Anionic particles, reduced number of charged groups Steric stabilized by an organic chain, R
Surface coated
pH < 5 Cationic particles Chloride stabilized
Unstable Region
40 SiO2 (%)
Stable Region
20
Precipitated silica
grape clusters
Colloidal silica
primary particles
* amorphous \J-mor-fJs\ adj [Gk amorphos, fr. a- + morphs form] (ca. 1731): 1a: having no definite form; shapeless: as b: lacking complex bodily organization c: lacking division into parts d: uncrystallized
Silica Fume
2.2 g/cc
1 m
2-100 nm
~80 m2/g
Dry powder
Precipitated Silica
1-5 m
20-50 nm
20-100 m2/g
Dry powder
Colloidal Silica
n/a
5-150 nm
50-800 m2/g
Liquid
Va,ms Vp,cs
Approximately 4 million individual colloidal silica particles per silica fume aggregate equals times x10
7
Silicate Water-Glass Smaller, polymer Size with different length and branching pH 10 >12 SiO2 conc. (%) 15% <35% Viscosity (cP) <10 ~180 Together with Remain as a particle Becomes monomers hydraulic binder and (Q1) water
Larger particles
35
30
25
20
15
ACCELERATION
5,0
Time (h)
2,0
1,5
1,0
0,5
0,0 0 5 10 15 20 25
Time (h)
8 7
6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
10 0 0
Conductivity
-5 -10
Zeta potential
Reference
-15 -20 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
13,5
13
10 0
12,5
pH
10
12
11,5
11 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
CSH-formation
Induction period
CSH-gel
Work together with the Swedish Cement and Concrete Institute, 2006
Rheology (BML)
measured after 8, 30 and 60 min
CB 88+PC CB 88+Ligno
80 60 40 20 0 0 1
CB 75+PC CB 75+Ligno
CB 50+PC CB 50+Ligno
CB 36+PC CB 36+Ligno
Time (min)
200 300 400 500 600 700 800
C B8 8+ PC B7 5+ PC B5 0+ PC B3 6+ PC
C B8 8+ Li gn o Li gn C B5 0+ C B3 6+ B7 5+
o Li gn
o Li gn
final
initial
CB 75 +P C
CB 50 +P C
CB 36 +P C CB 88 +L ig no +L ig CB 50 CB +L ig 36 +L ig
CB 75
no
no
no
Cembinder particles act as nucleation sites for ions released during cement hydration.
Belite, 1% Cembinder 8 and water after 5 weeks. The needles and the size of the grain proves the acceleration effect of CS to cement
The relatively high solubility for Alite ensures a rapid hydration process The pore solution leaves the added nano-silica to act in saturated conditions with respect to SiO44- and Ca2+ monomers/ions
As a consequence of the high ionic strength in the pore solution nano-silica particles are not dissolved.
They are instead free to act as highly active nucleation sites for ions released from the dissolving clinker. This mechanism of action is seen to accelerate the hardening process
Model
+2
+
-73 kJ/mol
Antagonistic Effect of PC-type Dispersants and Colloidal Silica in the Hydration of Alite Pastes
550 650 cm-1 consumption of silicate monomers 900 1050 and 1150 1300 cm-1 evolution of hydration products The Alite, SP and Colloidal silica mixtures need less than 24 hours for saturation, for the same system without SP saturation after 4 hours. For Alite and SP not saturated after 48 hours.
Antagonistic Effect of PC-type Dispersants and Colloidal Silica in the Hydration of Belite Pastes
The Belite, SP and Colloidal silica mitures need 3 weeks for saturation, for the same system without SP saturation after 24 hours. For Belite and SP not saturated after 6 weeks.
Conclusions
Nano-particles Designed particle technology True discreet particles Specifically manufactured not byproduct or agglomerates High Performance GREEN product No settling, long shelf life Low viscosity, water based
Conclusions
The colloidal silica particles act as nucleation sites Stability enhanced through CSH network formation and reinforcement Improved robustness Acceleration via increased dissolution rate of cement grains