Editors Note The Soldiers Deep-Seated Love for their Country to Win the Peace

hroughout these years, our Filipino soldiers have lived and breathed in dedicated service to God, country and people. Members of the Philippine Army, in particular, and the Armed Forces of the Philippines, in general, have dutifully performed their assigned tasks in every nook and corner of the entire archipelago with deliberate diligence and sometimes if need be, to offer the ultimate sacrifice. They humbly toiled 24/7 to make our nation a haven of peace, hope and progress. They have made great strides in their fight against insurgency, terrorism and in pursuing peace and development support efforts. They have braved all the odds and challenges cloaked with the Divine Providences guidance and protection. They will continue to perform their mandated task despite unfriendly environments and inclement weather conditions. They are more than willing to endure very strong winds, blinding rain, rampaging mudflow, landslide, and flashflood in conducting search, rescue, relief, and even re-construction operations. They are vigilantly awake while we sleep soundly at night; they tread unfamiliar terrain to run after their opponents; they forego of their hunger to accomplish their mission; they endure the scorching heat of the sun while constructing farm-to-market roads and other infrastructure for peace and development; they take hold of picks and shovels to clean esteros and seashores, to plant seedlings to show their concern for the environment; they provide health care during their conduct of medical and dental civic action; they teach young and old how to read and write; they can even protect and safeguard the sanctity of our votes to ensure honest, orderly and peaceful elections.

They can do so many things; assume varied roles and perform any tasks given to them. For certain, they could not violate and disrespect human rights. They could not shy away from their sworn duties. They could not just point their guns to anybody and pull the trigger without a probable cause. They could not turn their back on a wounded or dying man even if he is an enemy. The soldiers are staunch advocates of peace; protectors and defenders of the Filipino people. They will live as such up to their last dying breath because their love for their country is so deep-seated it knows no bounds and knows no limits. Only because they want to win the peace, they want to serve the people, and they want to secure the land. As the new counterinsurgency campaign, called as the AFP Internal Peace and Security Plan (IPSP), took off at the start of the new year, a paradigm shift is taking place wherein civil-military operations will be given equal importance together with combat operations. Different stakeholders will have a hand in the implementation of the plan with the main objective of winning the lasting peace and stability. It is but proper that every soldier of the military organization knows the ins and outs of the AFP IPSP so he wont be left hanging not knowing what the plan is all about and to enable him to perform his job to the best of his ability. If the plan succeeds, and the peace is won, truly it could be said that soldiers deep-seated love for his country has been manifested every step of the way towards establishing just and lasting peace and for the resolution of all the conflicts that hounded the security of the land. /LVC

our cover
The Philippine Army strongly the advocacies and supports

Editorial Board
LTGEN ARTURO B ORTIZ AFP Commanding General, PA MGEN ROMEO S LUSTESTICA AFP Vice Commander, PA BGEN RENATO A DAVID AFP Chief of Staff, PA COL BIENVENIDO R DATUIN PA Secretary Army General Staff COL DONATO B SAN JUAN PA AC of S for Personnel, G1 COL PAOLO LEO MA G MICIANO PA AC of S for Intelligence, G2 COL OSCAR T LACTAO PA AC of S for Operations, G3 COL ROBERT M AREVALO PA AC of S for Logistics, G4 COL ANGELITO DE LEON PA AC of S for Plans, G5 COL TEODORICO D RAQUEO PA AC of S for CEIS, G6 COL FRANCISCO L PABAYO AC of S for Civil-Military Operations, G7 COL ARNEL B DELA VEGA AC of S for Education and Training, G8 COL QUIRINO S CALONZO PA AC of S for Reserve and Retiree Affairs, G9

principles of the AFP Internal Peace and Security Plan. It shall sustain its civil-military operations activities to supplement its combat operations and developmental thrusts for the sake of its stakeholders. The Army Command will leave no stone left unturned to win the peace and pave the way for stability to set in.

contents
by Winning the Peace

2 | Raising the AFP to Greater Heights

para sa Abot Kamay na Kapayapaan

5 | AFP Internal Peace and Security Plan

Editorial Staff
COL AGAPITO CARMELO S NAGRAMPA JR PA PUBLISHER COL PEDRO A SUMAYO MAJ GEORGE M BERGONIA CPT JOEFREY ALADIN A REYES CPT RANDY S VERACION 1LT NOEL A MONGAS 1LT ROMEO M PAZZIUAGAN CMS BILLY C BENEBILE LTC BENEDICTO S MANQUIQUIS Editor-in-Chief LYDIA V CABAJAR Editorial Consultant CARINA C PASTRANO Managing Editor KAREL S DABU Contributor CYNTHIA D KEYSER Circulation SSG VICTOR F SAMONTE SSG CELESTINO S BATALLA CPL JOHN P RAYMUNDO PFC NOEL M BERNARDINO PFC RAMON M MEGO Photographers

8 | The Universal Declaration

of Human Rights and its Core Values

13 | Exploits of Mounted Warriors 16 | 2ID, Raising the Bars of Social Responsibility 21 | Analyzing the ROTC Program 25 | On Having a Squad Journal 27 | Cpt Vicente Maborang Jr., Making a Mark of Excellence 29 | Dissecting the Image of an Army Soldier 32 | Armys Bests Declared as AFPs Bests | Sundalo ng Bayan IBC

The Army Troopers Magazine is the official publication of the Philippine Army and it is published quarterly through the Civil-Military Operations Group. We enjoin our readers to share their articles and letters to the Editor-in-Chief, Army Troopers Newsmagazine, Civil-Military Operations Group, Philippine Army Fort Bonifacio, M.M. Articles submitted may be subjected to editing for purposes of space and clarity.
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Raising the AFP to Greater Heights by Winning the Peace

ATN Staff ATN Staff

GEN RICARDO A DAVID, the 57th AFP Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, took the helm of steering the institution when a new president was installed after the presidential elections was held. He ascended to the highest peak of the AFP hierarchy not without controversy nor intrigues. But with the passing of days, he proved his detractors wrong by working hard and he is very determined to show to one and all that he came prepared to assume the position. General David said his position is a position of trust and it is the prerogative of the Commander-in-chief to whom he will entrust the position.
As General David puts it, As a professional soldier, I always see to it that I follow the legal orders of my superiors coupled with hardwork, dedication to serve to the institution and most of all to our valued client the Filipino people. I am fully aware of the big challenge ahead that is placed on my shoulders as the Chief of Staff, but rest assured that I will take on that challenge and lead the AFP to greater heights to be a source of national pride that every Filipino will be proud of. I have emphasized two important things in my command guidance: Good Governance and Respect for Human Rights/ International Humanitarian Law. On good governance, I will see to it that AFP resources must be prioritized where they rightly belong and we shall endeavor to make every peso count towards the accomplishment of our mission. Commanders will be responsible and accountable for the judicious and prudent use of our resources, he explained. On respect for Human Rights/International Humanitarian Law, General David said he has ordered the reorganization of the AFP Human Rights Office which will be headed by no less than a one-star general and the office will be replicated down to the battalion level to make it more responsive to the AFPs Human Rights commitment.

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Herein below is the transcription of interview conducted by the Army Troopers Magazine editorial staff held last January 5, 2011 at his office: Q. What is the AFPs greatest contribution our soldiers will never be lacking in the to the Filipino people after its 75 years dedication and determination to fight of existence? and defend every inch our territory if A. The greatest contribution of the AFP needed be. to the Filipino people would be the selfless service and sacrifices of every Q. What are the present challenges that individual soldier in bringing peace to the AFP is faced with and how does it every Filipinos home. A soldiers oath to respond to these? the Constitution to serve and protect the A. The various internal threats to our people is an open-ended commitment; country remain to be a serious challenge our covenant to the nation. to the AFP. With the advent of the new campaign plan, named as the Internal Q. Theres going to be a paradigm shift Peace and Security Plan (IPSP) which in the AFPs counterinsurgency was crafted after a series of consultations campaign wherein Civil-Military with stakeholders of the country, there Operations will play a great role in will be a complementary and concerted winning the peace. Will there be effort through a whole of nation approach re-inventing of CMO activities just to address the structural issues that fuel like what the NADESCOM is doing insurgencies. The AFP will fully support in accomplishing its infrastructure the peace strategy of the government in projects for peace and development? finding a solution to the internal conflict A. The AFP shall be focused on winning in our country and to provide an avenue the peace rather than looking for the for our adversaries to return to the folds enemy. This is a paradigm shift on how of the law and abandon their armed the AFP views its mandate of protecting struggle. the people and the state, a shift from a predominantly militaristic solution Q. What will the Filipino people expect to a people-centered security strategy. from the AFP in the future? Military operations will be conducted A. The AFP will remain true to its mandate to within the governments peace strategy. It protect the people and the state. In doing will be the Filipino people who will be the so, our operations will be guided with active participants in the pursuit of peace our adherence to the rule of law, respect and security. Civil-Military Operations for Human Rights and International will definitely play a big role in getting the Humanitarian Law and observance of the support of all stakeholders and in gaining rules of engagements and use of force. popular support in our overall quest for a The AFP will be a partner of the nation in lasting peace. peace advocacy and development. Q. How do we fare in terms of external Q. You are giving emphasis on CMO defense? as your paradigm shift in COIN A. The AFP continues to monitor the campaign. What could the AFP have current external defense policies of the achieved hopefully by 2016 at the end government as we carry out our mandate of President Benigno Aquinos term? of protecting the sovereignty and A. By 2016, we will be able to significantly patrimony of the state. Although we may reduce the capabilities of the internal be lacking in equipment and technology, armed threat groups to a level that they
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can no longer threaten the stability of influenced barangays. How will the new the state. A condition wherein our civil campaign address this? authorities can now ensure the safety and A. The decrease in strength of the NPA only well-being of the Filipino people as the AFP shows that the armed struggle being waged continues to contribute to the resolution by the communist insurgency is fading of conflict with the NPA, MILF and other and its ideology is no longer appealing to armed threat groups. the people. What is actually left in most affected/influenced barangays in the Q. You have been placing great importance, country is a condition wherein community too, on Human Rights, how could you issues thrive like: social injustice, poverty, correlate this with the achieving of the lack of education etc. and these issues AFP mission? can only be addressed through a whole of A. The AFP shall apply the legitimate use nation approach wherein all agencies and of force. Military operations shall focus stakeholders should work together towards on the armed components only of threat finding an appropriate solution to the groups. These shall be conducted with conflict. The Internal Peace and Security zero tolerance for collateral damage and Plan (IPSP) emphasizes the support role must complement the efforts of other of the AFP in addressing the root causes of stakeholders in addressing the roots of the conflict in our pursuit for a just and lasting conflict. The AFP is firm in its belief that the peace. preservation and respect for Human Rights is indispensable in achieving our mission to attain sustainable peace, development, and a vibrant democracy. Q. You spoke of good governance as another component in the new COIN campaign. Isnt this a tall order since every leader of the land had promised good governance in the past? A. Good governance of the whole government bureaucracy is the silver bullet that will finally address the root causes of insurgency. On our part, the AFP must practice this first from the GHQ down to the lowest level of command as to show our credibility as we engage other agencies and stakeholders to join us in our quest for a just and lasting peace. Q. We have achieved in decreasing the strength of the CPP/NPA, but the rebels presence is still felt in affected/

General David is optimistic that the AFP, together with the entire Filipino citizenry, will gain victory in its advocacy for internal peace and security as well as in protecting the state and its people. |4|
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oong nakaraang ika-75 anibersaryo ng Sandatahang Lakas ng Pilipinas (SLP), na ginanap noong ika-21 ng Disyembre 2010, ipinagkaloob ni Heneral Ricardo A David, AFP Chief of Staff, ang isang sipi ng AFP Internal Peace and Security Plan (IPSP) Bayanihan kay Pangulong Benigno C Aquino III. Ang AFP IPSP ang gagamiting bagong istratehiya ng Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) para sa kampanya nito laban sa insurhensiya upang tuluyan nang mapahinto ang problema ukol dito bago matapos ang panunungkulan ng Pangulong Aquino. Sa IPSP, ang tradisyonal na search and destroy operations ay hahalinhinan ng pagsasagawa ng civil-military operations na magbabawas unti-unti sa pagsasagawa ng operasyong pandigma upang makuha ang isipan at damdamin ng mga mamamayan pabor sa AFP at

AFP Internal Peace and Security Plan Para sa Abot Kamay na Kapayapaan
LYDIA V. CABAJAR

sa kalaunan ay makuha ang pagsang-ayon ng mga pinuno at mga kasapi ng New Peoples Army na matuldukan na ng tunay ang kanilang armadong pakikibaka. Ang ganitong kampanya ay masasabing total paradigm shift mula sa tinatawag na tradisyonal na military campaign plan. Layunin ng IPSP na mapagwagian ang kapayapaan kung saan mahihikayat ng AFP ang mga mamamayan sa panig nito; lubos na maunawaan ng

mga taong nagsusulong ng armadong pakikibaka ang kawalang-saysay ng kanilang ginagawang pakikipaglaban sapagkat inaaksyunan naman ng pamahalaan ang mga isyu o suliranin na kanilang idinaraing. Bago nabuo ang IPSP, maraming stakeholders ang kinunsulta upang lubusang mabuo ang bagong programa. Ang IPSP ay hindi lamang planong kampanya ng militar kundi kampanya ito ng lahat ng mga stakeholders na may gusto ng kapayapaan kaagapay ng AFP, na isa lamang sektor sa kabuuan ng lipunan. Ayon kay Heneral David sa isang panayam, ang bagong kampanya ay magbibigay tugon sa mga isyung tulad ng karapatang pantao na kadalasang tumutuligsa sa mga nakalipas na internal security operations, gayundin ang maayos na pamamahala (good governance). Sinabi pa niya na ang advocacy ng AFP ay dapat na magkaroon nang maayos na pamamahala hindi lamang sa AFP kundi gayundin sa iba pang stakeholders, tulad ng mga opisyal sa pamahalaan.
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Sa bagong kampanyang ito, ang mga salitang destroy, neutralize and terminate ay hindi na paggagamitin bagkus ang gagamiting mga kataga ay winning the peace o pagtatagumpayang kapayapaan. Sa pagpasok ng unang araw ng Enero 2011, sinimulan na ang pagpapatupad sa IPSP na makikilala rin sa katawagang Bayanihan. Nakabatay ang IPSP sa National Security Strategy ng Pangulong Benigno SC Aquino III na umusbong mula sa pagsasakatuparan ng pangmatagalang kapayapaan at katatagan, kaunlaran at panlipunang pagsulong, sa pamamagitan ng isang multi-stakeholder approach na nakapokus sa pagtatanggol sa mga karapatan at kalayaang pansibil ng mga mamamayan.

Ayon pa rin kay Heneral David, ang IPSP ay nakatuon sa pagtatagumpay para sa kapayapaan kaysa sa panggagapi sa mga kaaway. Sa bagong kampanya, magkakaroon ng pantay-pantay na pagsasagawa ng combat at non-combat dimensions na lahat ng mga pagsisikap ay hindi lamang nakatuon sa pagsasagawa ng operasyong panlaban ngunit magbibigay ng katulad na pagdidiin sa mapayapang pagsasaayos ng mga conflicts. Ang magiging batayan ng tagumpay na gagamitin ay ang pagbibigay importansiya sa dami ng bilang ng mga magiging kaibigan kontra sa bilang ng mga kaaway na napapatay. Ipinakikita sa IPSP ang lumalawak na partisipasyon ng mga stakeholders mula sa panig ng pamahalaan at mula sa civil society na siyang bumubuo sa whole of nation approach. Isinusulong din ng IPSP ang People-Centered Approach sa ilalim ng mas malawak na balangkas ng Human Securitydahil tungkulin ng AFP

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na ipagtanggol ang mga mamamayan, itaguyod ang paglinang sa kanilang kakayahan, kilalanin ang kanilang mahalagang papel bilang kapartner sa kapayapaan at seguridad. Sa IPSP, ipinapakita rin dito ang mahigpit na pagsunod ng AFP sa International Humanitarian Law, Human Rights, at Rule of Law. Sa pamamagitan ng IPSP, maipapahayag ng AFP ang kagustuhan at komitment nito para sa mapayapa at makatarungang pagresolba sa mga kaguluhan, gayundin ang matibay nitong paniniwala na ang seguridad at kapayapaang pangmatagalan ay magkakatulad na pangarapin at pangako mula sa security sector, stakeholders at ng buong mamamayan. Kamakailan, nagsagawa ng consultative dialogue ang Department of National Defense, Philippine National Police, Department of Interior

and Local Government at ang AFP upang mapagusapan ang tungkol sa pagpapatupad o pagpapairal sa IPSP. Ayon kay Heneral David, kailangan ding pulungin ang lahat ng Peace and Order Councils pababa hanggang sa municipal level dahil mahalaga din sila sa matagumpay na pagpapatupad ng IPSP. Sa panig naman ng PNP, sinabi ni PNP Chief Director General Raul M Bacalzo na maglalabas din ng panibagong master plans ang kanilang organisasyon na tutugon sa IPSP. Sa kalaunan, rerepasuhin pa ring mabuti ng PNP ang konsepto ng IPSP upang lalo pang papalakasin ang pagpapatupad nito. Umaasa ang AFP, pati na ang buong sambayanan, na sa pamamagitan nga ng IPSP ay tuluyan nang maaabot ang

mailap na kapayapaan at untiunting uusbong ang pangmatagalang kapayapaan, matatag na seguridad at mayabong na kaunlaran. Ang buong patnugutan ng Army Troopers Newsmagazine ay kaisa ng Hukbong Katihan ng Pilipinas, ng Sandatahang Lakas ng Pilipinas at ng buong sambayanan sa pagtataguyod ng mga simulain at prinsipyo ng bagong kampanya. Kami ay nananalangin sa pagtatagumpay ng diwa ng bayanihan ng mga Pilipino upang tuluyan ng magkaroon ng tunay na kapayapaan at katatagan ng Republika sa mga darating pang mga panahon.
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The Universal Declaration of Human Rights and its Core Values

he Universal Declaration of Human Rights and its core values, inherent human dignity, non-discrimination, equality, fairness and universality, apply to everyone, everywhere and always. The Declaration is universal, enduring and vibrant, and it concerns us all. Since its adoption in 1948, the Declaration has been and continues to be a source of inspiration for national and international efforts to promote and protect human rights and fundamental freedoms. It is difficult to imagine today just what a fundamental shift the Universal Declaration of Human Rights represented when it was adopted 60 years ago. In a post-war world scarred by the Holocaust, divided by colonialism and wracked by inequality, a charter setting out the first global and solemn commitment to the inherent dignity and equality of all human beings, regardless of colour, creed or origin, was a bold and daring undertaking.

High Commissioner for Human Rights Louise Arbour

An essential element in the protection of human rights is a widespread knowledge and understanding among people of what their rights are and how they can be defended. The Declaration is now available in over 360 languages and is the most translated document in the world a testament to its universal nature and reach. Sixty years on, we pay tribute to the extraordinary vision of the Declarations original drafters and to the many human rights defenders around the world who have struggled to make their vision a reality.
The United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Spanish text. (Photo: Creative Commons)

The Declaration belongs to each and every one of us read it, learn it, promote it and claim it as your own.

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PREAMBLE
Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world, Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the common people, Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be protected by the rule of law, Whereas it is essential to promote the development of friendly relations between nations, Whereas the peoples of the United Nations have in the Charter reaffirmed their faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in the equal rights of men and women and have determined to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom, Whereas Member States have pledged themselves to achieve, in cooperation with the United Nations, the promotion of universal respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms,

Whereas a common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the greatest importance for the full realization of this pledge, Now, Therefore THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY proclaims THIS UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction.

shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-selfgoverning or under any other limitation of sovereignty.

Article 3.
Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.

Article 4.
No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.

Article 5.
No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.

Article 1.
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

Article 6.
Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law.

Article 2.
Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no distinction |9|

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Article 7.
All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination.

Article 10.
Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him.

Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than the one that was applicable at the time the penal offence was committed.

Article 12.
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and reputation. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks.

Article 8.

Article 11.
(1) Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his defence. (2) No one shall be held guilty of any penal offence on account of any act or omission which did not constitute a penal offence, under national or international law, at the time when it was committed.

Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by law.

Article 13.
(1) Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each state. (2) Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country.

Article 9.
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.

Article 14.
(1) Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution. (2) This right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions genuinely arising from non-political crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.

Article 15.
(1) Everyone has the right to a nationality. (2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the right to change his nationality. |10| ARMY TROOPERS NEWSMAGAZINE

Article 16.
(1) Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to find a family. They are entitled to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution. (2) Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses. (3) The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and the State.

seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.

Article 20.
(1) Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association. (2) No one may be compelled to belong to an association.

Human rights are not rights to be requested or demanded but rights to be respected and be responsible.

Article 21.
(1) Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or through freely chosen representatives. (2) Everyone has the right of equal access to public service in his country. (3) The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government; this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures. indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality.

Article 17.
(1) Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with others. (2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property.

Article 23.
(1) Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment. (2) Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work. (3) Everyone who works has the right to just and favourable remuneration ensuring for himself and his family an existence worthy of human dignity, and supplemented, if necessary, by other means of social protection. (4) Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions for the protection of his interests.
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Article 18.
Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance.

Article 22.
Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization, through national effort and international cooperation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights

Article 19.
Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to

Article 24.
Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay.

Article 25.
(1) Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control. (2) Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance. All children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same social protection.

shall be compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit. (2) Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups, and shall further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace. (3) Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be given to their children.

this Declaration can be fully realized.

Article 29.
(1) Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and full development of his personality is possible. (2) In the exercise of his rights and freedoms, everyone shall be subject only to such limitations as are determined by law solely for the purpose of securing due recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of others and of meeting the just requirements of morality, public order and the general welfare in a democratic society. (3) These rights and freedoms may in no case be exercised contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.

Article 27.
(1) Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits. (2) Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is the author.

Article 26.
(1) Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education

Article 30.
Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any State, group or person any right to engage in any activity or to perform any act aimed at the destruction of any of the rights and freedoms set forth herein.

Article 28.
Everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which the rights and freedoms set forth in |12| ARMY TROOPERS NEWSMAGAZINE

Exploits of the Mounted Warriors

CARINA C. PASTRANO

ight Armor Division, the home of the mounted warriors, the mission of which is, to conduct armor operations in support of Philippine Army tactical units. Today, LAD maintains five Light Armor Battalions, three Mechanized Infantry battalions, two separate Light Armor companies deployed in various parts of the country, one Aviation Battalion based in Fort Magsaysay, Palayan City, an Armor Maintenance Battalion, a Headquarters and Headquarters Service Battalion, a Signal Company, an Engineer Combat Company and the Armor School. As in the past, mounted warriors apply the same cavalry and spirit that of attack, shock action and firepower, the will to fight, and to close in rapidly to the enemy. It was 11 years ago when the Army Troopers Magazine editorial staff last visited the camp. It has undergone a very impressive physical transformation since then. The old issue that carried the stories we featured on the units personnel were accounts of sacrifice, courage and victory, and even loss of lives of the cavalry

soldiers. It was also in this visit, that I came across one story that I could say I was practically awed and could never forget, that was the story narrated by an armor soldier that happened during the Armys campaign against the MILF in 1999. Through his story I have almost seen and felt the painful reality of war Junior officers play a pivotal role in the accomplishment of a units mission. Straight from the Academy and other training institutions, although lacking in experience in battle, young lieutenants who most of the time assume the position as platoon leaders upon their first deployment in the field, are expected to provide sound leadership and maintain cohesiveness among troops so as to accomplish the mission. In the event of ATN staffs visit in Camp ODonnell in Tarlac again, we had the chance to interview some of LADs junior officers. Though they could still be considered new in the service, they are a picture of courage with unadulterated passion to uphold what they had pledged

upon entering the serviceto uphold the supreme law of the land, protect the country from its enemies and serve the people no matter what the cost. 1Lt Loyd A Tondo gave us a vivid description of what it is like to be inside the tank in the midst of an ongoing combat operations. True, the armor vehicle may provide a safety net to its passengers, but because of its size and power to deliver a fatal blow, it becomes the enemys number one target of its high firepower. So the four or five personnel that usually comprise the crew should be highly trained to optimize the use of their asset. For the tank to deliver what is expected from it, those inside it should function in perfect coordination. It is the integration of the whole, the young officer said. The driver should place the tank in its best position while the gunner must have the clear shot. For the one in command, besides being focused on what is going on inside, must be aware and coordinated with the movements outside the enormous vehicle, he further intimated. He must
ARMY TROOPERS NEWSMAGAZINE |13|

command respect and trust from his subordinatesand to elicit such he must know perfectly well what his job is. Close coordination with the soldiers on foot is crucial, otherwise the operations will be compromised. Since armor men are highly trained, they know perfectly well their respective roles, while experience and familiarity with the terrain boost their confidence as they engaged in any battle. During military operations, light armor companies augment infantry units with their highly trained men and tanks. In 2008, at the height of the lingering Abu Sayyaf menace in Jolo, Sulu, the 15th Light Armor Company had its share of triumph when it supported the 35th Infantry Battalion, the main effort during the military operations against an estimated 80 ASG terrorists. In this incident, the crew under the command of Lieutenant Tondo succeeded in its maneuvers -avoiding the Rocket Propelled Grenades that were aimed on its direction, as the armor delivered its might, thus sending the enemies into a rampage. Despite compromising situation, this young officer did not lose his vigilance so he could guide

his personnel to gain an upper hand against the enemy who were superior in number.

There is no type of human endeavor where it is important that the leader understands all phases of his job as that of the profession of arms.
- Maj Gen James Fry

A similar story happened in the life of 1Lt Donny Val Gamao. I just followed the order of the ground commander to cross the bridge, 1Lt Donny Val Gamao narrated to us. It was a daring move according to the young officer, considering how badly the enemy were strategically positioned in two high grounds and tried to pin down the advancing infantrymen with heavy fires while sending RPGs on the direction of the armor. His vehicle was the first to penetrate the tight defense put up by the Moro Islamic Liberation Front 104th Base Brigade that harassed a CAFGU detachment and took hostage of 300 civilians and a Christian leader. Shortly after 1Lt Gamaos vehicle

breached the defense after several attempts, the enemys position was compromised and it was only a matter of time when the latter withdrew and left the hostages. A soldiers time is not his own. Days before this incident, 1Lt Gamao had finally had his official Rest and Recreation after three years in the service. Anytime, his wife, Maria Eve, would give birth so he made sure that he would be on her side when the day comes. Five days later, and very much on an official leave, he received a message from his superior, recalling his presence. Duty calls, as he puts it, the young officer, though reluctant to leave his wife, heeded the call and went back to his base. It could have been fate the encounter site was a dead spot, his communication with his wife was totally cut. Otherwise, he might have lost his focus on the mission had he known what happened to his wife and child. He was already in Cotabato, he later learned, when his wife finally gave birth and unfortunately she contacted dengue afterwards and almost died while the child got sick too, he further recalled with sadness in his eyes. These are but some of the sacrifices one has to endure if he belongs to the uniformed service. The following year, 1Lt Gamao figured in another incident. No one would have believed that any passenger would still be alive judging by the bullet-peppered Lite Ace van in front of them. Not even him thought he would have survived the ordeal. On July 11, 2009, with five others, 1Lt Gamao was to deliver oils and lubricants and to service the armor vehicles that were under the operational control of 28th Infantry Battalion when more or less 80 communist terrorists staged an ambush not necessarily meant for them. At the first burst of fire, one of his personnel fell on his back, lifeless. The driver tried his best

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to get out from the killing zone, while the lieutenant continued firing towards the direction of the ambushers. His presence of mind and adrenaline rush must be the reasons why they were able to survive. Just before the fuel tank was hit, he has already ordered his beleaguered troops to jump off from the vehicle. When he found the chance, he ran until he reached the 28IB headquarters which was only 200 meters away. Upon reaching his destination, ILt Gamao touched parts of his body and asked himself, Am I still alive? All bloodied and wounded, no one seemed to notice his presencethat for awhile he thought that he was already dead. Yet, it was still this young man with a brave heart who commandeered the truck to rescue his personnel. He never thought about himself and all he cared about is to rescue his men.

Courage is the discovery that you may not win, and trying when you can lose

- Tom Krause

In the midst of uncertainties around us, it is refreshing to know that some people who despite the odds that they encountered, still find hope and uphold what is dear and noble in their hearts. Behind his smiles and happy disposition, 1Lt Arthur L Borromeo has seen the sorry plight of our countrymen who live in the remotest part of the Tarlac-Zambales area where the 3rd Mechanized Infantry Battalion operates. Poor farmers complain how the NPAs robbed them of the food they are suppose to feed their families and even the few pesos that they earned. The people need the Army, he emphasized. Although we cant totally solve the problem, at least our presence could ease some of

it, he reasoned out. On the other hand, the young lieutenant speaks very highly of his troops, saying that despite the seeming futility of their mission (many instances when there are reports of NPA sightings, but when they check, no NPAs on sight), they are willing to tread terrains for hours, hoping to get the remnants of the enemies in the Tarlac area to totally free the people from their clouts. In our short conversation, this young man was able to open his heart and intimated that there came a time when he felt that his focus was no longer directed on what he pledged to uphold but more on anything that has something to do with himself. This realization came when one day, a monk whom he has befriended had invited him to attend an activity in a nearby monastery in Tarlac. It was the monks last words as he addressed the crowd that struck him most, help me realize my mission, he said. Sometimes when we just got used to what we do, or when we already have our family and we focus more on our surroundings and other times to ourselves that we forget what we pledged to uphold which is to be of service to the people, he explained himself further. It was these inspiring words that goaded this young man not to be sidetracked but to always strive for excellence in the performance of his avowed mission. (Please keep this issue, Lt Borromeo, as a reminderand we are here to pray and to cheer you on your journey to the top.) His ambition is to become a soldier like his father, despite his mothers pleas against it (among his three siblings who tried to follow his fathers footsteps, it was only him who has shown firm determination) which explains the passion he has towards his chosen career. That realization has left him to rethink

of his purpose of why he wears the uniform and what does it symbolizes. He may no longer be in the line units now, but he vows, I will dedicate my time, knowledge and efforts to the students who are undergoing schooling. He is at present the course director of Advance NCO Armor Course.

The Army is composed of men and women whose backgrounds and values differ, they joined the organization for different reasons but all pledged to uphold the Constitution, protect the state and the people. Most have remained true to their pledge and loyalty to the flag, while others, as fate had it, left early on in line with their duties. These are but a few of the young officers who comprise the long line of the Army organization whose contributions can never be discounted. It is in their hands that the future of nation rests but then they need other stakeholders support to realize their mission.

A leader is man who can adapt principle to circumstances.

- General George S Patton
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2ID, Raising the Bars of Social Responsibility

1LT CELESTE FRANK L SAYSON

Setting Ethical Standards

organization or individual, has an obligation to act to benefit society at large (Kaliski, 2001). The 2nd Infantry Division This principle guides the unit of the Philippine Army gives in achieving a sustainable effort emphasis on achieving social towards a peaceful environment goals and common good, in conducive to development in its military operations and Southern Tagalog Region. operations other than war. It takes credence to mission accomplishment vis--vis social Social Responsibility responsibility, as it strives to be in military functions the peoples friend, protector and In the discharge of its military ally in Southern Tagalog Region. functions, the Jungle Fighters are The Divisions efforts are anchored on social responsibility which is an ethical ideology or theory that an entity, be it an |16| ARMY TROOPERS NEWSMAGAZINE human rights advocates. They have been adhering to the principles of respect for human rights. The 2nd Infantry Division emphasizes achieving

tactical gains with respect to legal processes. In the 2nd semester last year, there were no reported human rights cases filed against any 2ID personnel (ISO Accomplishment, 2010). Massive Human Rights advocacy campaign by 2ID has made this possible. Likewise, the division strictly adheres to its standing policy on the rules of engagement and in conducting military operations within the bounds of legalities. This was harnessed by interoperability operations with law enforcement agencies, like Philippine National Police and Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency. Such interoperability

is being maintained by the Division in the facets of its military operations to invoke credible law enforcement efforts and inclusion of the Miranda Doctrine in any arrests that will be conducted. All 2ID military checkpoints are integrated with Philippine National Police (PNP) components. These joint checkpoints help a lot in diminishing some accusations of militarization and abuses. Likewise, they enabled government forces to effectively deter larger scale criminal and communist terrorist activities.

Operations other than war and social relevance

Charting a path towards social relevance, the Division is aggressive in conducting operations other than war. These are the units Civil-Military Operations efforts and programs that foster national reconciliation with the rebels, partnership in national development, and programs that addresses the plight of the poor and less fortunate in the slum and far flung areas. These efforts are multifaceted and indulge cooperation between the government and other sectors of society. 2ID has tools

to implement these initiatives Sometimes medical and dental which are products of its several missions are done to address the innovations in Internal Security local health concerns. Operations. Having high regards for the In serious considerations grassroots, some of the 2ID for its efficacy, 2ID initiated fighting units are transformed activities in greater magnitude into community development for the Barangays which are troopers. The 2ID soldiers are the smallest and basic political trained to become agriculturists; administrative division among fishing experts; educators; Local Government Units (Ambas, disaster management advisers; 1991). 2ID considers this political cooperative and livelihood entity as the most contiguous experts; preventive medicine and political organization for efficient health care specialists; carpenters, empowerment programs, thus, masons and electricians; and the concept of Barangay spiritual guides and pastors. They Empowerment Seminar and are called Prevention of Guerilla Training or B-E-S-T was Infiltration (POGI) squads (Mesa, conceived. It is a collaborative 2008). The transformation was effort of 2ID with the Local necessary because the 2ID Government Units (LGUs) and believes that insurgency cannot Local Government Agencies (LGAs) be solved by war alone. A change to establish better linkages and of competencies ensures that ensure sustainability. It aims soldiers are not only capable to empower the people of the of defending the people from barangays. The activity focuses insurgent threat and coercion on Responsibility Awareness, but also in providing assistance to be more responsive to to people and in bringing basic community threats, partnership services in remote barangays. on government programs, and community and family education. Relevance to National Good Filipino values are being Development Efforts emphasized while wrong beliefs In line with the governments and habits are being discussed and changed (Mesa, 2008). economic thrusts, 2IDs area of Sanitation and environment responsibility is divided into two protection are common topics. development regions namely:

ARMY TROOPERS NEWSMAGAZINE |17|

CALABARZON and MIMAROPA (Executive Order No. 103). In CALABARZON, government flagship projects and industrial zones contribute 12.5% of the overall Gross Domestic Product of our country, second only to the National Capital Region (NCR). This makes CALABARZON one of the Super Regions as envisioned by the national government. Likewise, MIMAROPA, which is still unspoiled, is a national priority area for agricultural development and eco-tourism initiatives (NSCB - 2007 GRDP, 2008). These regions are 2IDs stronghold of protection. The units role is to ensure in these areas a physically secure and stable environment to continue the regions unprecedented growth, and contribute to the economic advancement of the country. Maintaining stability in these regions is 2IDs benign role vis--vis social responsibility. To support in creating tangible projects for the countryside, 2ID forms part in the Kalayaan sa Barangays Program of the National Government. |18| ARMY TROOPERS NEWSMAGAZINE

It is one of the AFPs banner efforts to assist the local governments in bringing infrastructure programs in conflict-affected barangays. It is an inter-agency effort wherein the AFP, LGUs, and LGAs go to the barangays and conduct a Rapid Needs Assessment. Based on RNA, the barangay folks are gathered in a meeting and are made to decide which infrastructure program is much needed in the community. KBP can provide any of the following: construction of school building, establishment of water systems, repair and construction of farm-to-market roads and electrification. Our military engineers are at the forefront of the KBP. With 2IDs deep concern for developing the future of the nation, Youth Leadership Summits

(YLS) are continuously done to enhance patriotism, develop good citizens and protect the youth from Communist Terrorists manipulation and from the influence of illegal drugs. YLS is being participated in by students, out-of-school youths and Sangguniang Kabataan (SK) members (Mesa, 2008). Another youth related program is the 2IDs feeding activities that address malnutrition in children. These are being done in coordination with local school officials, DSWD, and private firms like Gardenia Philippines. The Division also participated in the Department of Educations (DepED) nationwide Brigada Eskwela Program. Soldiers repair and repaint tables and chairs, roofs, ceilings and windows and other fixtures, fix the schools sewage

and help clean the surroundings to make the place safe, sanitary and conducive to learning. With the help of LGUs and NGOs soldiers also distribute school bags with supplies, in some areas. Likewise, there were a number of schools located in far flung areas that were given Philippine flags to share with the kids the units patriotism and love of country.

These painful experiences constantly motivated the unit to be more aggressive in protecting the Sierra Madre, the longest mountain range in the country. It is strategically positioned, serving as Luzons eastern wall in protecting much of the island from an average of 26 storms coming from the Pacific Ocean each year. The Division has entered into a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) in line with Presidential Proclamation Number 1636. The MOU stipulated the deputation of 2ID by DENR on the enforcement of environmental protection. This was followed by a program dubbed Bike for Peace and Environmental Protection. The program called for a synergy in protecting Mother Nature especially the Sierra Madre Mountain Range. The 2ID bikers led by the 2ID Commander, then Brig Gen Jessie D. Dellosa, and civilian cyclists toured every town in Rizal area, calling for environmental concern and stopped in areas that need deforestation. This created public consciousness. As a result, flitches were confiscated from a massive illegal logging activity in Sierra Madre Mountain Range. Assorted forest items were apprehended by troops floating along Agos 1 River in the vicinity of Manggahan, Brgy Daraitan, Tanay, Rizal last October 05, 2010. Soldiers from 16th Infantry Battalion under the command of Lt Col Noel J Detoyato discovered the abandoned forest items while conducting combat patrol in said
ARMY TROOPERS NEWSMAGAZINE |19|

Deeper Environmental Concerns

The Jungle Fighters were witnesses to the indescribable anguish and pain inflicted to the Rizalenos during one of the worst manifestations of natures wrath, tropical storm Ondoy. The disaster seriously affected as many as 1.87 million people, and the damages to property were estimated to be Php6B, including Php4.1B in damage to infrastructure, P1.9B in damages to schools, and P882.525M in damage to agriculture (GMA News.TV). Similarly, the landslide in Real Quezon, in 2002, devastated the outskirts of Sierra Madre mountain range causing a magnitude of fatalities and destruction to properties.

area. The three piles of flitches, with an estimated volume of 30,000 board feet, were suspected to be transported to Pacific Ocean, where Agos 1 River converges. These lumbers were estimated to cost Php3M if sold to the market. The 2ID has been vigilant in addressing this perennial problem on environmental degradation.

Protecting the Right of Suffrage

After contributing its humble share in the successful first automated national elections, the 2nd Infantry Division once again played a vital role in the 2010 barangay elections. The Division had been significantly instrumental for this success. Though the unit had already undertaken joint security meetings and security preparations with the PNP, it made an extra mile in advocating an awareness campaign dubbed Bike for HOPE. Some 300 civilians and soldier-bike enthusiasts from the 2nd Infantry Division led by then BGEN JESSIE D DELLOSA rode their bikes with posters and flaglets printed with honest, orderly and peaceful barangay election

slogans. The bikers embarked in a simple program and stretching exercises at Ynares Center in Antipolo City last October 17, 2010. They passed through the vicinity of Antipolo City, towns of Teresa, Morong and Baras and culminated in Tanay Rizal in a simple advocacy program. The advocacy turned out effective as the 2ID area incurred very minimal elections-related incidents.

Way Ahead for Social Relevance

The ultimate goal of the 2nd Infantry Division is to create a peaceful environment conducive to national development in Southern Tagalog Region. All its efforts are geared towards this end. The military efforts are
END NOTES

just part of this objective because threat of communist terrorism exists. These communist terrorists, who are the threat to a peaceful environment, were addressed with 2IDs military functions. On the other hand, 2IDs aggressiveness in the conduct of operations other than war manifested this intention. The 2ID is at the verge of attaining this goal for the region. The communist terrorists existence is unprecedentedly dwindling, and its influence is obviously becoming insignificant. With this prevailing situation, some of 2IDs resources are being channeled in addressing perennial problems of poor communities. Should peace and order stabilizes fully, 2IDs social responsibility would be raised to another higher level.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

1LT CELESTE FRANK L SAYSON is a graduate of Bachelor of Arts major in Political Science from Central Mindanao University. He was commissioned to the Armed Forces of the Philippines in 2003. He is presently the Chief, Division Public Affairs Office, Philippine Armys 2nd Infantry Division based in Tanay, Rizal. He is presently the editor-in-chief of the Jungle Post, 2ID command publication.

Kaliski, B. (Ed.). Social Responsibility and Organizational Ethics. (2001). Encyclopedia of Business and Finance (2nd ed., Vol. 1). New York: Macmillan Reference. 2nd Infantry Division Internal Security Operations (ISO) Accomplishment, 3rd Quarter, CY 2010. Atty. Ambas, R.L. The Local Government Code of 1991. (1991). St. Bonaventure Publishing. Mesa, F. (MGen., Ret). Tools of War, Tools for Peace: Strategic Approach for a Lasting Peace and Sustainable Development. (2008). VJ Graphics. Executive Order No. 103, Retrieved 2009-05-18. Internet. NSCB 2007, Gross Regional Domestic Product. National Statistical Coordination Board. 28 July 2008. Death toll from storm Ondoy continues to rise NDCC. GMA News.TV. 2009-09-28. Retrieved 2009-09-28. Internet.

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 LTC MELCHOR C DELA CRUZ

BACKGROUND:

The downgrade of the ROTC program from a compulsory curriculum to just an option (along with other two easier and more convenient programs) has greatly affected the number of enrollees which form the pool of potential Reserves and Human Resources of our Armed Forces. The Regional Community Defense Groups (RCDGs) and Reserve Commands must make a bold move in order to address this issue either by pushing for a mandatory program again which needs an act of Congress and which will surely trigger rallies and demonstrations from various sectors due to some obvious reasons, or at least make the program more appealing and relevant not only to the students but also to the schools which administer the ROTC program in their curricula. There had already been lots of programs introduced to rejuvenate the once compulsory curriculum to able-bodied male college students. However, being an option, alongside with other easier components, makes the ROTC the least choice during enrollment. It is therefore important to look into the root causes and factors that may have led to low turn- out of enrollees. Making use of some tools in determining the problem and the probable solutions to it, a problem chart using the cause and effect tool is used to determine some of them.

ARMY TROOPERS NEWSMAGAZINE |21|

THE PROBLEM TREE

DIAGRAM A

As shown in the diagram, three main factors greatly contribute to the low turnout of enrollees. They are: the Implementation; Image problem and; presence of an easier option for the NSTP curriculum.

PROBLEM TREE
LOW TURN OUT OF ENROLEES

IMPLEMENTATION PROBLEM
Reserve Commands, particularly the RCDGs, which have control over the ROTC units of schools nationwide, have the least number of organic personnel to implement the program. This is probably because the Army headquarters think that there are more priority units to be filled-in, giving much weight in putting the force to Infantry units. This may be due to lack of advocacies that result to non-representation to the planners at the headquarters level. Most often, ROTC units are left being managed by enlisted personnel who most of the time have a hard time representing the unit to school officials. The assignment of Commandants has also been such a great factor. Due to lack of organic Officers, non-organic Officers are tapped to become Commandants who most often are not focused on their part-time jobs. In most cases, RCDG organic Officers command not less than two ROTC units which only results to lack of supervision and proper implementation and even misrepresentation to school administration.

EFFECTS
FRUSTRATED STUDENTS FEAR AMONG STUDENTS DROPPING OF SUBJECT STUDENTS TAKE OTHER OPTIONS

IMPLEMENTATION

TAINTED IMAGE

FORCED CURRICULUM

SHORTAGES OF OFFICER/PERSONNEL

LACK OF FOCUS COMMANDANTS AND/OR STAFF

CORRUPTION

HAZING/ MALTREATMENT

PROPAGANDA

CONFLICT IN TIME SCHEDULES

INSUFFICIENT SUPPORT TO THE PROGRAM

INDECENT PROPOSALS

ABUSE OF POWER

INFILTRATION OF SECTORAL ORGS

ADDITIONAL TIMESPENT IN TRAINING

REPRESENTATIONS

ECONOMIC FACTORS

WRONG PERCEPTION

AGITATED PROFESSORS AND STUDENTS

ADVOCACY TRAINING

CAUSES

IMAGE PROBLEM
Unfortunate and uncontrolled controversies have greatly affected the image of the noble ROTC program of before. It being a mandatory curriculum to college students even to those who are not capable and interested only created an avenue for institutionalized corruption. Willing victims rather pay for their grades than consume

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precious rest days under the heat of the sun while training. There became a two-way corruption that eventually made the ROTC units milking cows not only of ROTC officials and cadet officers but even school officials. The nature of military training has also created a wrong impression among students who are made to believe that the practice of inflicting physical punishment to subordinates and even the rituals, which were probably introduced by fraternities to the military as an organizational tradition of transforming the boys to men, is part of the military training. The unfortunate cases of deaths and reported hazing rituals scare the students and their parents away from getting involved in military trainings. Leftist organizations, which infiltrate the schools to advance their own advocacies, find the Militarization Issue as the most convenient agitator alongside the tuition fee increase and other social issues. Contemplating on previous hazing and corruption cases, student activists find such issues valid and saleable to young and idealist minds.

whose officials have to come outside the school organization. The other two programs are also lighter than the ROTC which students would prefer to take as most of them have the mentality of going to college to finish a course and not train as potential military recruit or reserve.

THE SOLUTION TREE

Reversing the issues may actually offer solution to the perceived problems as shown in the diagram below.

DIAGRAM B
SOLUTION TREE
HIGH TURN OUT OF ENROLEES

EFFECTS
MOTIVATED/IMPRESSED STUDENTS

GOOD IMPLEMENTATION

IMPROVED IMAGE

ACCEPTED FORCED CURRICULUM

ASSIGNMENT OF OFFICERS/PERSONNEL

SNAPPY COMMANDANTS AND/OR STAFF

VALUE FORMATION/ ENHANCEMENT

POSITIVE LEADERSHIP

COUNTER PROPAGANDA

RELEVANCE OF THE PROGRAM

EASIER NSTP OPTION

The third factor is the offer of other alternative than the tedious ROTC training. In some schools, students are being encouraged to enroll in CWTS or LES because the school professors are actually the ones tapped to oversee the program unlike the ROTC

FULL SUPPORT TO THE PROGRAM

TI & E/ COUNSELLING

ORGANIZATION/ COUNTER ORG

REPRESENTATIONS

INCENTIVES

LIAISING WITH SCHOOL OFFICIALS

ADVOCACY TRAINING

CAUSES

ARMY TROOPERS NEWSMAGAZINE |23|

CONCLUSION:
The noble purpose of the ROTC program and the very reason for its existence far more outweigh the reason for its downgrade or proposed removal of it as a curriculum in the Philippine education system. A strong and progressive nation has to have nationalistic and patriotic citizenry. The only college curriculum which instills such virtues in our youth is the ROTC. The military training it offers may not only prepare students to become pool of reserves or potential Armed Forces personnel. It also breeds good corporate leaders. The downgrade of the program from a compulsory curriculum to an optional NSTP subject was a move of leftleaning organizations and those who may not want to have a strong Armed Forces for the nation. They may have been successful in their advocacy because of exploitation of some isolated issues. It is now imperative that the ROTC program be rejuvenated again. It may not even be necessary to pass an Act to make it compulsory. It is only important to make our youth realize the importance of national pride and discipline. It is now up to the AFP leadership to do its share by supporting the advocacy of the ROTC units. It is now up to the ROTC leadership to make the program appealing and relevant, not only to students but the whole society as well.

he country has been struggling against the Communist insurgency for more than four decades now.

The Philippine Army, as one of the Major Units concerned with realizing a peaceful nation, is just as focused to finally address the root cause of the insurgency in the country. There are Army units which perform fundamental tasks in order to protect the national security and gain victory against the enemy. One of these tasks is the conduct of combat operations. The success of each operation is the main goal of every soldier in the battlefield. A goal that should be transmitted from todays battle to future battlefields. To make this possible, directives, SOPs, TTPs are being drafted out of these successful operations. Doctrines are being developed to supplement the needs of every field of soldier who would be performing battlefield operations. Likewise, Lessons Learned may serve as guide to solve conflicts that took place in past unsuccessful operations where countless lives had been sacrificed. Undeniably, the same mistakes might probably be repeated over and over gain. This may be due to failure to document and share valuable lessons to individuals and the whole organization manning each battalion or groups performing combat operations. Having a squad journal might somehow lead the way from an individual learning to organizational learning.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

LTC FERDINAND MELCHOR C DELA CRUZ was a Cadet Officer of the UST ROTC before going to the Philippine Military Academy where he graduated in 1992. He was formerly the Commander of the K9 War Dogs Battalion of the Philippine Army and concurrent Commandant of UST ROTC. He introduced a multi-role cadet organization to make the ROTC program appealing and more relevant not only to students but the schools and universities that administer the ROTC as well. He is a recipient of two (2) Gold Cross Medals among others, a son of the late COL MELCHOR F DELA CRUZ to whom the camp of the 5th Infantry Division of the Philippine Army was named after.

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 MAJ EDGAR R DELOS REYES

What is a Squad Journal (SJ)?

of communication, logistics, performance in encounters that A Squad Journal is a record of later can be used in drafting all events that take place within SOPs. the Army Squad. These events may include encounters, transactions, Keeping a Squad Journal communications, logistics, and will help save time and effort. the likes. Any experiences When needed, records are readily jotted down in the SJ, aims to available if kept properly. SJ acquaint the readers with the can serve as references of realities of what really happened transactions, etc. It is especially concerning the operations that accessible if its kept in database. could help them understand the squads difficulties under highly Encounters and Squad disconcerting conditions. Operations can be used in higher level policy-making. Why have a Squad Journal? There are squad Techniques, A Squad Journal can help in Tactics and Procedures (TTPs) planning for future operations. that are not yet included in Army By using the journal as a record/ doctrines that if operations have database, it is possible to see become successful by using the patterns of incidence of the said TTPs, these might possible events. By using these patterns, become a a squad leader would be able source or reference in to make logical deductions in drafting future SOPs by planning for squad operations. the higher command. The SJ can also be a basis for decision-making. Who will write Squad journal can be the Squad Journal? used in assessing the squads Not everybody performance. Records can be within the squad could a good basis for evaluation of be able to make the the squads performance. lt can writing entries. But be used to analyze the flow if properly motivated,

every squad member may learn how to do so. Thus, it must be induced to them the importance of having and maintaining a journal, in a way that their contribution would be a big help in formulating TTPs and SOPs out of their successful operations when jotted down on a record sheet/database. The squad, as form of a group, must have an objective. The term objective has a physical and geographical sense that tends to confuse thought. It would be better to speak of the object when dealing with the purpose of policy, and of the military aim when dealing with the way that forces are directed in the

ARMY ARMYTROOPERS TROOPERSNEWSMAGAZINE NEWSMAGAZINE |25|

service of policy. These imply that they must have an objective to achieve, thus, maintaining a Squad Journal should be a must. Undeniably, it would be difficult for squad members to do this; some of them might think that by doing this, another task has been added to their line-up of everyday activities. The scheme is to have somebody who will collect all their data and on the other hand, the Squad Leader will collate them and interpret them in writings. Same is true with who shall be the keeper of the SJ. As the leader, he is responsible in keeping it.

groups of people, and build it into Armys values, norms and operating practices. This knowledge becomes a common property, rather than the province of individuals or small groups. Thus, from an individual learning, it turns into an organizational learning.

Observation and Analysis, on the other hand, plays a vital role towards the completion of the SJ. Observations in a way that the only possible thing during operations is to listen, observe and be aware, they cannot be able to write things up amidst disconcerting conditions. As what Yogi Berras What will be the security classification of the SJ? immortal words: You can observe a lot by watching. Watching in a manner that you digest each captured A Squad Journal will be tantamount to a diary event and eventually analyzing what you have just of the squad; it will include anything about the seen and observed. Observation doesnt necessarily squad, including its networks, supports, equipment, mean that you are just to watch the scene, but logistics, etc. It can be used to assess the weakness it requires the individual to understand what is and strength. Thus, it should be restricted in nature. happening. This will help him identify problems and trouble spots, distinguish approaches that might work from those that did not and share his findings with others. Importance of A Squad Journal By the time that the Squad Journal is already Another importance of having a recorded diary of the squad is when it is found useful, the higher available for use, it might have the same insights command may codify it in policies or procedures, of what Center for Army Lessons Learned (CALL) retain it in reports or memos, disperse it to large has; that they are repository of different knowledge, with the rest of the Army who could use these lessons being collected and interpreted in a journal which will serve as basis on succeeding operations or whenever they have something similar going on, they will have basis and patterns of dos and donts in the conduct of battle operations. Concerned military officials would be able to focus on emerging problems and unexpected difficulties. The SJ will become the bridge for the squad not to commit the same mistake in future similar situations.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

MAJ EDGAR R DELOS REYES is presently the Executive Officer of Doctrine Center, TRADOC,PA. He was the Commanding Officer of the Psychological Operations Unit, CMOG, PA prior to his assignment at TRADOC. He used to be the Editor-in-Chief of the Army Troopers Newsmagazine from August 2006 to May 2010. He also became the Company Commander of A Company, 54IB from 1996 to 1997. He is a member of PMA Class of 1993.

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MOMENTS OF VALOR

Making a Mark of Excellence

CARINA C PASTRANO

Cpt Vicente Mabborang Jr

fter the short conversation we had with this unassuming yet very accomplished young officer I could find many words that would fit to describe hima true leader, a faithful Christian, a real friend, a consistent topnotch, brave and too good to be true, one may say, but those are what he is, and more At the other end of the radio, his mistah was virtually begging him for reinforcement. It was August 12, 2009, the 3rd Light Reaction Company under Cpt Vicente Mabborang Jr has just cleared the area of engagement after seven hours of heavy firefight against the Moro Islamic Liberation Front. It was a tough decision considering that one of his men was wounded, while he wanted to heed the summon of his friend. He called up his superior and asked permission to allow him to reinforce the other troops which were outnumbered

and heavily under fire. He was discouraged by his superior not to go but when he said, that was my classmate sir, asking for help, I dont want to let him down, and when the time comes that I would be needing help, I dont want him to let me down, either, it was only then that he was allowed to proceed. If there is one thing he appreciated most from this incident, it was his teams support of his decision. Yes he always has the backing of his troops, no doubt about that, he has earned their respect and trust in the past years they have spent together, leading his men through example and living together as they say, as band of brothers. Young as he is, he learned the realities of life from his men who are more experienced than him, while he led them with conviction and gained their support for the accomplishment of the units mission.

While trying to reach the area, the 3LRC passed through the 20 slain Marines, who were swooped down by the enemy, while trying to reinforce the friendly troops. They were literally piled up, the young officer said. It was a disheartening sight, even the most battle-seasoned soldier would be dismayed with the gloomy scene. Anyones morale could be dampen by the horrendous scene. If we will die, at least we die together, was the troops assurance to each other as they made their move towards the encounter site. The young officer admitted, during that time his thoughts fleeted to his mother. This may be my end, he said to himself. It was an uphill climb in broad daylight, making their position vulnerable from enemy gun fires. But this mans faith in his Creator had made him bolder that he could do anything through Him. God always answers this mans
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line of 102 from the class of 2003. He got wounded the following year in an encounter. I was young then, so when my commander ordered assault, I just followeddid not care to observe first, he sheepishly admitted. His right hand suffered on that incident, up to this day he can no longer twist that hand. Lesson? I found out how painful it is to prayers.and so they safely be wounded, he intimated. reached their destination at He keeps a journal of his every 1500H that day. combat engagement. Each one gives him a lesson, according to But sometimes fate has peculiar him. ways of teaching us lessons in our lifes journey. There are Early in his career, he learned times our faith is put to a test. valuable lessons which became Tests are supposed to teach us to handy especially those that has be stronger rather than weaker. to do with dealing and treating In the hour of our loss, we gain his men. He lived by the dictum, something. My mistah was treat your men the way you already lifeless when I reached treat your family. They are the him, the misty-eyed lieutenant mirror of your career, he said, if recalled. The bullet that ended they are snappy, they become his life came from a sniper. At the reflection of who you are, he least you kept your promised to further surmised. He has seen him, was my assurance to him. how a commander treated one He must have lost his friend on of the men harshlyand that, that day, but earned not only according to him, is something the respect of a fellow officer he would never dream of doing. who confessed, you are the last I always put myself on their person that we are expecting to shoes, I really dont know what reinforce us since you are the made them follow me, you have farthest from our area, but also to ask them, he said with a those men who hardly knew him. humble note. On that day, unknowingly, he displayed and taught the value However, there was once a of friendship and commitment, time, when the young officers to those around him. focus was on his well-being alone, I will accomplish this.. Captain Mabborang graduated so I can earn this (award or number 12 from the long gray |28| ARMY TROOPERS NEWSMAGAZINE

recognition). What motivates him to do good and be the best is for his own selfish desires, he admitted. And what did I get, puro sugat ang nakuha ko, (all I got are wounds) he lamented. But when he started refocusing his attention to his men, their welfare and how he could encourage teamwork among them, there was a continuous flow of blessings, according to the proud young leader. There are times that he doesnt have to lift a finger to get the job done, his men alone could deliver. And there were awards, he said but didnt elaborate. And as I checked his summary of information as I was writing this, I understood what he meant. In 2010 alone he received 13 awards, these include two Gold Cross Medals, five months apart. He is also a recipient of one of the most coveted awards given by his alma mater, the Cavalier Award for CY 2010. To be bestowed with such award meant he was chosen among fellow cavaliers who must have been unequivocally impressed and convinced of his accomplishments. On that year, he was awarded with a Presidential Unit Citation Badge and a Parangal by then AFP Commander-in-chief HE President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo. Captain Mabborang is still young and has many years ahead of him to serve the Army. He is among our soldiers whose standards are set high because they believe that in serving the people, they serve their Creator.

hat is an Army soldier? Beneath the warrior stance of a battle-clad Army soldier is a typical regular guy filled with raw emotions. He experiences a gamut of emotions simply because he is an ordinary normal guy. What sets him apart from the rest is that he dons the Army uniform and he underwent different rigid disciplinary training so he could perform to the best of his ability his avowed profession as a member of the armed profession. The Army soldier bleeds when a bullet hits him; he sheds tears upon seeing the death of his comrade or when he feels the pangs of loneliness because he is far away from his family because of his duty assignment. He also experiences hunger when temporarily deprived of food because he is focused on fighting with the enemy for days in a row. He feels excitement and pride when he learns his son tops his class, or when his youngest child calls him da-da for the first time. Most of all, he smiles, he laughs and feels

Dissecting the Image of an Army Soldier

LYDIA V CABAJAR

contented if all the goings are smooth sailing. He also jumps with joy if the girl he courts answers him with a yes. Even if other people picture an Army soldier like a superhero, he is after all a normal human being just like us. While there may be positive connotations and denotations of what an Army soldier is, there are also negative images associated with him. Positively, he is known to be a defender of the land, a protector of the people, a peacekeeper in foreign assignment, an environmentalist advocate, and, a rescuer in uniform. Negatively, in the eyes of his enemy, he is a human right violator, a thorn in the throat of the enemy, a blood-thirsty soldier, and a deterrent in the objective of the enemy to overthrow the democratic form of government. The enemy is convinced an Army soldier is very hard to pin down as a nemesis. But beyond that, people have to probe further to know what an Army soldier is in the raw.

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As defender of the state, an Army soldier is noted to be a fearless and a ferocious fighter. He defends the Philippine Republic against threat groups who sow terror and rock the stability of our security as a nation. He is a uniformed member of the defense organization who protects the people in the name of peace and freedom. As member of the Team Army, his role is not limited to being a warrior who hunts NPA rebels, Abu Sayyaf bandits, or lawless Moro Islamic Liberation Front secessionists. He could be an Army doctor, an Army dentist or even an Army veterinarian who renders his expertise in treating people and animals during the conduct of free medical, dental and veterinary activities in the different nooks and corners of the archipelago. His heart beats not only to defeat the enemy. Inside the Army soldiers heart is a compassionate yearning to help in any capacity so he could be of service others.

He is an Army engineer who constructs farmto-market roads, bridges, health facilities, vital infrastructures, install water and electrical systems in remotest communities to alleviate the living condition of the people long deprived of lifes comforts and conveniences. To people affected by calamities, disasters, or any emergency situations, an Army soldier acts as a rescuer in uniform and called as Army responder because mostly he is the first to arrive and the last man out before, during, and after the disaster strikes. He puts aside his personal safety so he could attend to others needing his assistance and his compassion. An Army soldier is also concerned with his environment. In the camp where he belongs, he supports activities that are focused on environmental protection, ecological preservation

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and other related-environment awareness seminars/trainings that will equip him with knowhow on waste management, waste segregation, waste disposal, recycling, etc. He also involves himself in tree planting activities for future generations. He liaisons with different government and non-government agencies which have the same advocacy on environmental concerns. The Philippine Army, an institution he represents, has always been tapped in similar endeavors sponsored by both the government and the private sectors. It has received the accolades of different institutions as well. In the community where the Army soldier belongs, he cooperates and supports various community projects initiated by local officials and residents. More so, as an Army soldier, he builds model communities especially in the countryside to heal wounds of discord and poverty. He wins the hearts and minds of the people in the communities where discontent is alive and rampant. He empowers the rural people all over the archipelago to help them realize their dreams for a better life. As a man in uniform, he keeps alive the patriotic sense of duty in the hearts of young ROTC cadets and cadettes who will be the bedrock of defense in the future. He instills in them the kind of discipline he is honed and molded into as he shares with them the joy of being a military man who renders great service to God, country and people. He is also a wiling volunteer to be deployed as a Filipino peacekeeper in countries affected by conflicts. Even in a foreign land, he shines, ever willing to render service and to be of assistance to any one as long as peace could be achieved. This he does in troubled spots around the world as part of his commitment as an Army soldier. His performance is not limited to being a member of the armed forces. An Army soldier plays other equally important roles. He is a respectful son to his parents. He plays a big brother or a young brother to his siblings. He is a loving husband to his wife and a doting father to his child/children. He is an uncle, a neighbor, a friend, an acquaintance, a community member, and a responsible citizen of

the Republic. With or without his military uniform, an Army soldier practices his faith, he reads the Bible, attends Sunday services, and does his duty as a God-fearing individual. His faith in the Supreme Being is reflected in all that he does in service to humanity. The Army soldier is called by many names. He is a dedicated patriot, a staunch defender of democracy and a catalyst for reform. These are the molds of which an Army soldier is made of. In the past and in the present, he expresses his love for the country through his undying commitment to defend the flag and safeguard the national interest at all times and at all cost. He derives his true meaning, purpose and fulfillment by offering his total service during wartime, during crisis and during peacetime. Your Army soldier will live and die for you. He is your soldier yesterday, today and tomorrow. The next time you see an Army soldier, think of him as a versatile individual. He can be anybody as the need for one arises. He is a warrior, a peacekeeper, a doctor, a teacher, an engineer, a constitutionalist, a propagator of respect for human rights, an environmentalist, a rescuer in uniform, and many more. His versatility is unbounded. When you meet an Army soldier, he will be your friend for keeps.
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 CARINA C PASTRANO

he Philippine Armys best personnel were declared the Armed Forces of the Philippines bests during its diamond anniversary celebration last December 22, 2010. Sgt Celso L Llena was awarded the Gold Cross Medal, while SSg Delfin Olotio and Ms. Lydia V Cabajar were adjudged as AFP Enlisted Personnel and Model Civilian Supervisor for CY 2010, respectively. SERGEANT LLENA was awarded the Gold Medal for his gallantry in action as member of the main effort team of Alfa Company, 42nd Infantry Battalion, 9th Infantry Division, Philippine Army, during the conduct of raid on a suspected communist terrorist position at Sitio Kulpa, Barangay Lubgan, Camarines Sur in September 2010. This operation resulted to three enemy killed and recovery of four high powered firearms. On the other hand, SSG OLOTIO bested other contenders from other major services for his extraordinary contributions as a member of the 3rd Light Reaction Company, Light Reaction Battalion, Special Operations Command of the Philippine Army. He has figured in numerous assault operations of the unit against high profiled members of terrorist groups in the areas of responsibility of the 6th Infantry Division. A highly trained and disciplined special operations operator, Sgt Olotio has been bestowed numerous awards including Bronze Cross medals, Presidential Unit Citation Badge and adjudged as Philippine Armys

Best Enlisted Personnel Award CY 2009. He was also recommended by his commander to be awarded with the Distinguished Conduct Star medal alongside recommendations for meritorious promotion. Ms LYDIA V CABAJAR is presently the Supervisor of the Command Information Section, Civil-Millitary Operations Group, also of which she is the editorial consultant of the Army Troopers Newsmagazine, the longest existing command publication. As an imagebuilder, Ms Cabajar has complemented the Armys counterinsurgency efforts through her published articles, write-ups and other manuscripts which reinforced the positive and corrected negative issues. She also handled numerous publications in the past and continues to assist in the production of other publications and military books. On a personal note, Ms Cabajar has completed the three mandatory courses, in which she is a recipient of two Commanding General Awards for topping in the Civilian Personnel Basic Course and the Civilian Personnel Basic Supervisory Course; adjudged as Best Information Officer during the 109th Philippine Civil Service anniversary and was also adjudged as the Philippine Army Model Civilian Supervisor of the Year 2009 during the 113th PA Foundation Anniversary last 22 March. She is a recipient of the Civilian Merit Award, the highest award given to civilian employees aside from among the strings of awards and recognitions she was bestowed with.

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Sundalo ng bayan kung ikaw ay tawagin Lahat ng panganib, iyong susuungin Ilang ulit na nga bang nalagay sa alanganin Sa pagtaya ng buhay para sa bayan natin. Hindi ka ba natatakot sa malakas na putukan? O sa mga masukal na kagubatan ? Kung may nalagas sa iyong kasamahan Bato ba ang puso at hindi luluhaan. Sariling pamilya ay iyong iniwan Buhay ay itinaya ng dahil sa bayan. Sadyang sa tulad mo, nararapat ay pagpupugay. Sundalong Pilipino, ikaw ay mabuhay! Kapwa tayo sundalo ng bayan Buhay mo at buhay koy Kapwa buhay ang puhunan Dugo mo at dugo koy Iisa ang daluyang lahi Di bat magkabilang sa iisang lipi. Kapwa iniiwasan ang pagtatagpo ng landas Armas mo at armas koy tiyak na maghaharap Kung magkagayon may buhay na malalagas May luhaang mata, nabuwag na pangarap. Bakit kailangang magpalitan ng putok? Kung sa bawat pungloy may tiyak na lulugmok Sa pagsabok ng balay may luhang sasabog Imbuyog ng dibdib, sisigaw, sisikad sa langit? Kay hirap bang pagtagpuin ang ating pananaw At sadyang digmaan lamang ang tanging kasagutan? Kung ang pinakahuling punglo ay agad na pakakawalan May magiting pa bang tatayo at magdiriwang Kung wala na pati bukas na ipinaglalaban? Buhay mo at buhay koy kapwa natin isusugal Sa magkaibang prinsipyo, paniniwala at pananaw Subalit kaninong bukas ang pinaglalaruan Kung patuloy ang digmaan at pagkitil ng buhay?