ALGEBRA BASICS

Algebra Basics

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Page 3 questions
Words and symbols
1 a

Solutions

Algebra Basics

The variable is b The variable is k

The variable is m The variable is a

5 # w = 30 3+x = 12 # g =

x'x = 1 32 2 # d = 16

200 ' s = 25

3#x+6 =

11 x if x = 4 4 # m if m = 5 27 ' a if a = 3 1 + 3 # z if z = 3

20 10 9 7

c=8

h = 12

k = 18

y = 16

Page 5 questions
Multiplication
1 a

2 # 7 # k = 14 # k = 14k

u#1 = u

5 # r # p = 5pr

n # m # m = m2 n

6#b#3#b = 6#3#b#b = 18 # b2 = 18b2

4#j#l#3#k = 4#3#j#l#k = 12 # j # k # l = 12jkl

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Page 5 questions
2 a

Solutions

Algebra Basics

4pq = 4 # p # q

4a2 = 4 # a # a

3m 2 n = 3 # m # m # n

Combo Time!
a

3x + 2 = 3 # 4 + 2 = 12 + 2 = 14

15 - 2b = 15 - 2 # 6 = 15 - 12 =3

3 # 5g = 3 # 5 # 2 = 30

4m2 = 4 # 32 = 4#9 = 36

Page 7 questions
Division
1 a

2'd = 2 d

a'c = a c

5 ' ^r + 3h =

5 r+3

d ^ y + zh ' z

y+z z

w = w'4 4

c = c ' ^3 + ah 3+a

6 = 6 ' ^3x + 2h 3x + 2

x-y = ^ x - y h ' ^v + w h v+w

2a = a 6 3 a = '3

6b = b 12c 2c b = ' 2c

15x = 3x 20y 4y = 3x ' 4y

4^ m + nh = m+n 12p 3p = ^ m + n h ' 3p

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Page 8 questions
Mixed simplifying concepts
1 a

Solutions

Algebra Basics

5 # a ' 4 = 5a ' 4 = 5a 4

1 # m ' ^4 + nh = m ' ^4 + nh = m 4+n

n # m ' (b # a # c) = mn ' abc = mn abc

(8 # 2p) ' (3 # 3q) = 16p ' 9q 16p = 9q

x # x ' (y + 2x) = x2 ' (y + 2x) 2 = x y + 2x

d # f # d ' (11 + f # e) = d2 f ' (11 + ef) d2 f = 11 + ef

2d = 2d ' 3 3 = 2#d'3

a + 4 = (a + 4) ' b b

q-r = (q - r) ' 9q 9q = (q - r) ' (9 # q)

l2 = l2 ' (j - k) j-k = l # l ' (j - k)

5b2 = 5b2 ' (a2 + 2b) a + 2b = 5 # b # b ' (a # a + 2 # b)

2

7xyz = 7xyz ' (x + 7y) x + 7y = 7 # x # y # z ' (x + 7 # y)

Page 10 questions
Phrases as algebraic expressions
a

n+7

9-n

6 # n + 1 = 6n + 1

4 # n = 4n

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Page 10 questions
1 e

Solutions

Algebra Basics

(n + 2) ' 3 = n + 2 3

n2 - 6

(n - 5) # 2 = 2 (n - 5)

2 # n - 8 = 2n - 8

10 + n ' 2 = 10 + n 2

n # (n + 5) = n (n + 5)

Page 11 questions
2 a

Correct Correct Correct Correct Correct Correct Correct Correct Correct Correct

Incorrect Incorrect Incorrect Incorrect Incorrect Incorrect Incorrect Incorrect Incorrect Incorrect expression should be: 3 # n2 = 3n2 expression should be: n + (3 - n )
2

expression should be: n - 4

expression should be: (4 + n) ' 9 or 4 + n

9

expression should be: (n ' 5) + n or n + n

5

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Page 13 questions
Addition and subtraction
1 a

Solutions

Algebra Basics

a + 9a = 1a + 9a = 10a

3u + 5u = 8u

14r - 9r = 5r

4g - 7g = -3g

6m - 8m = -2m

-11x + 2x = -9x

7y + 2y + 4y = 13y

30p - 15p - 10p = 5p

13m + 9n +12m = 13m + 12m + 9n = 25m + 9n Like terms

14a + b

+ 10b = 14a + 11b

Like terms

16x + 9y

+ 15y = 16x + 24y

Like terms

9d - 5c - 3d = 9d - 3d - 5c = 6d - 5c Like terms

7e

+ 11e + 2a = 18e + 2a
Like terms

13g

- 15g - 4h = -2g - 4h

Like terms

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Page 15 questions
Grouping like terms
Like terms
1 a

Solutions

Algebra Basics

9a

+ 3b

+a

+ 4b = 9a + a = 10a + 7b

+ 3b + 4b

Like terms Like terms

b

4p2

+ 3p

+ 19p

+ 7p2 = 4p2 + 7p2 = 11p2 + 22p

+ 3p + 19p

Like terms Like terms

c

- 11m
Like terms

-n

- 12m = n - n =- 23m

- 11m - 12m

Like terms
d

3y

- 5x

+y

- 8x = 3y + y = 4y - 13x

- 5x - 8x

Like terms

Like terms
e

9p

- 4q

+ 3p

+ 12q = 9p + 3p = 12p + 8q

- 4q + 12q

Like terms

14a2 + 4b - 3a + 2a2 = 14a2 + 2a2 + 4b - 3a

Like terms

= 16a2 + 4b - 3a

Combo time!
2 a

11y ' ( 2y + 2x - y ) = 11y ' (y + 2x) 11y Like terms = y + 2x

7p2 - 5p - 8p2
Like terms

) ' 12 = (- p2 - 5p) ' 12 - p2 - 5p = 12

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Page 15 questions
Like terms
3 a

Solutions

Algebra Basics

( 2x - 3y + 2x ) ' ( 4x

+ 3x - 2y) = (4x - 3y) ' (7x - 2y) 4x - 3y Like = 7x - 2y terms

(2 # 4a + 3 # 2b) ' (3 # a # a + 2a2) = (8a + 6b) ' ( 3a2 = (8a + 6b) ' 5a = 8a +26b 5a
2

+ 2a2 )
Like terms

Page 16 questions
Escape from Algebra Island Puzzle 2x
x 0 2x 1 2 3x 12 3x 2x 4 7 8 3 2 x 2 6 5 2 8 x 3 3 3x 7 8 x 5 2 5 37 x
2

3 x 0 8x 5 2 7 x

2 3x 2x 6 5x
2

7x 3 2x 4 5 3 22 x 7 x 7x 6 3 8 x 2x 8 2x 2 2 x 5x 2 3 3x2 5 x2 5 3 7x2 4 33 x 2 7 7 x 3 2 2 3 5 2 x 3 5 0

x 5x
2

4x2 8820
Algebra Island

3x2

2x

27 x2 2 x 43 x

22 x2 7 x2 5 2 5 3

2x

2x

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Page 19 questions

Solutions

Algebra Basics

Bringing all the previous concepts together

1 a

4v + 2 = 4 # 4 + 2 = 18

24 ' 2v = 24 ' (2 # 4) = 24 ' 8 =3

10 - v = 10 - 4 4 4 = 10 - 1 =9

2v + 6 = (2v + 6) ' 7 7 = (2 # 4 + 6) ' 7 = 14 ' 7 =2

a + 2b =- 2 + 2 # 5 =- 2 + 10 =8

3b - 6a = 3 # 5 - 6 # (- 2) = 15 - (- 12) = 27

24 = 24 ' (a + b) a+b = 24 ' (- 2 + 5) = 24 ' 3 =8

a2 b = a2 b ' 4 4 = ((- 2) 2 # 5) ' 4 = (4 # 5) ' 4 = 20 ' 4 =5

Like terms
3 a

Like terms
b

+d

+ 2c

Like terms

+ 3d = 3c + 4d = 3#6+4#9 = 18 + 36 = 54

2c

+d

- d = 5c = 5#6 Like terms = 30

+ 3c

2d - c = (2d - c) ' (d - c) d-c = (2 # 9 - 6) ' (9 - 6) = 12 ' 3 =4

(c - d) # (2c - d) = (c - d) # (2c - d) = (6 - 9) # (2 # 6 - 9) = (- 3) # 3 =- 9

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Page 20 questions
4 a

Solutions

Algebra Basics

2x + y + z = 2 # 6 + 3 + (- 8) = 12 + 3 - 8 =7

3z - xy = 3 # (- 8) + 6 # 3 =- 24 + 18 =- 6

x2 - yz = 62 - (3 # (- 8)) = 36 - (- 24) = 60

4y = 4y ' (x + z) x+z = 4 # 3 ' (6 + (- 8)) = 12 # (- 2) =- 6

a (a + 2b) 2 = a (a + 2b) 2 ' (b - a) 2 (b - a) 2

when a = 2, b =- 4

= 2 # (2 + 2 # (- 4)) 2 ' (- 4 - 2) 2 = 2 # (- 6) 2 ' (- 6) 2 = 2 # 36 ' 36 =2

(x - y) 2 ^(x - y) 2 ' (y - x) 2h2 2o = (y - x)

when x =- 1, y =- 5

2 = ^(- 1 - (- 5)h2 ' ^- 5 - (- 1)) 2h 2 = ^(- 1 + 5)2 ' (- 5 + 1) 2h 2 = ^42 ' (- 4) 2h

= (16 ' 16) 2 = (1) 2 =1

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Page 22 questions
Tables of Values
1 a

Solutions

Algebra Basics

u = v+2

c = 2d

v u

0 2

1 3

2 4

3 5

4 6

d c

0 0

1 2

2 4

3 6

4 8

g = 4h - 3

y = x +1 2

h g

1 1

2 5

3 9

4 13

5 17

x y

2 2

4 3

6 4

8 5

10 6

a b a b a b a b

0 2 1 1 0 0 0 3

2 3 2 6 1 3 1 5

4 4 3 11 2 6 2 7

6 5 4 16 3 9 3 9

8 6 5 21 4 12 4 11

b = 2a + 3

b = a+4 2 b = 3a

b = 5a - 4

Rule: y = x + 5 x y 0 5 1 6 2 7 3 8 4 9

Rule: n = 4 # m m n 0 0 1 4

or 2 8

n = 4m

3 12

4 16

Rule: q = p - 3 p q 0 -3 1 -2 2 -1 3 0 4 1

Rule: d = 4c - 5 c d 0 -5 1 -1 2 3 5 15 6 19

10

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Page 24 questions
Number patterns
1 a

Solutions

Algebra Basics

,...

(i) Starting with one smiley face in the first diagram, 2 smiley faces are added to each diagram every time (ii) Number pattern for first five smiley diagrams: 1 , 3 , 5 , 7 , 9 , ...

,...

(i) Starting with three arrows in the first diagram, 4 arrows are added to each diagram every time (ii) Number pattern for first five arrow diagrams: 3 , 7 , 11 , 15 , 19 , ...

,...

(i) Starting with 6 triangles to form the first diagram, 6 triangles are added to each diagram every time. (ii) Number pattern for first five arrow diagrams: 6 , 12 , 18 , 24 , 30 , ...

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Page 25 questions
Number patterns
2 a

Solutions

Algebra Basics

,
1st 2nd

,
3rd

,...

(i)

Diagram number Number of hearts

1 2

2 5

3 8

4 11

(ii) Number of hearts needed for the 7th diagram = 20

,
1st 2nd

,
3rd

,...

(i)

Diagram number Number of hexagons

1 3

2 8

3 13

4 18

(ii) Number of hexagons needed for the 7th diagram = 33

,
1st 2nd

,
3rd

,...

(i)

Diagram number Number of matchsticks

1 3

2 7

3 11

4 15

(ii) Number of matchsticks needed for the 7th diagram = 27

12

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Page 27 questions
Modelling Number Patterns
1 a

Solutions

Algebra Basics

,...
General rule:
m=

Number of squares (s) Number of matchsticks (m)

1 4

2 7

3 10

#s+

,...

Number of triangles (t) Number of matchsticks (m)

3 7

4 9

5 11

General rule:
m=

t+

,...
General rule:
c=

Number of grey rings (r) Number of circle drawn (c)

1 2

2 3

3 4

r+

,...

Number of pentagonal shapes (p) Number of triangles (t)

1 7

2 14

3 21

General rule:
t=

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Page 29 questions
More number pattern modelling
1 a

Solutions

Algebra Basics

,
1st 2nd

,
3rd

,...

Diagram number (n) Number of matchsticks (m)

1 4

2 7

3 10

General rule:
m=

#n+

,
1st 2nd

,
3rd

,...

Diagram number (n) Number of matchsticks (m)

1 5

2 9

3 13

General rule:
m=

n +

,
1st 2nd

,
3rd

,...

Diagram number (n) Number of matchsticks (m)

1 9

2 13

3 17

General rule:
m=

n +

,
1st 2nd

,
3rd

,...

Diagram number (n) Number of matchsticks (m)

1 4

2 13

3 22

General rule:
m=

14

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Page 30 questions
More number pattern modelling
2 a

Solutions

Algebra Basics

,
1st 2nd

,
3rd

,...
General rule:
s=

Diagram number (n) Number of snow flakes (s)

1 2

2 4

3 6

#n

,
1st 2nd

,
3rd

,...

Diagram number (n) Number of tyres (t)

1 4

2 9

3 14

General rule:
t=

n -

,
1st 2nd

,
3rd

,...
General rule:
d=

Diagram number (n) Number of dots (d)

1 5

2 9

3 13

,
1st 2nd

,
3rd

,...
General rule:

Diagram number (n) Number of triangles (t)

1 3

2 5

3 7

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Page 32 questions
Using the general rule
1 a

Solutions

Algebra Basics

s = 2g

Niamh scored: s = 2 # 8 = 16 points

b

c = 5m - 3

The number of chickens that had crossed the road: c = 5 # 7 - 3 = 32 chickens

c

s = 2c + 1

The number of shirts tried on: s = 2 # 12 + 1 = 25 shirts

d

v= d 3

The number of vegetarian meals ordered: v = 36

3 = 12 vegetarian meals

Page 33 questions
2

,
1st stack 2nd stack

,
3rd stack

, ...
General rule:
t = 5n - 2

n t

1 3

2 8

3 13

Tyres in the 12th stack:

t = 5 # 12 - 2 = 58

,
Day 1 Day 2

,
Day 3

, ...
Leaves on the 10th day:
l = 4 # 10 - 1 = 39

n l

1 3

2 7

3 11

General rule:
l = 4n - 1

16

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Page 33 questions
4

Solutions

Algebra Basics

,
Session 1 Session 2

,
Session 3

, ...
General rule:
s = 7n - 4

n s

1 3

2 10

3 17

Good shots in the 8th session:

s = 7#8-4 = 52

Page 34 questions
5

,
1st diagram 2nd diagram

,
3rd diagram

, ...

n t

1 4

2 10

3 16

General rule:
t = 6n - 2

Tiles laid in the 12th diagram:

t = 6 # 12 - 2 = 70

Remember me?
6

,
7 triangles 12 triangles

,
17 triangles

, ...

n t

1 7

2 12

3 17

General rule:
t = 5n + 2

Triangles in the 15th shape:

t = 5 # 15 + 2 = 77

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Algebra Basics

Notes

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Algebra Basics

Notes

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Algebra Basics

Notes

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BASICS * A L RA

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