Automatic Quick Little/no effort System 1 No sense of voluntary control Repetition, familiarity Bias beliefs Make key points

stand out to be believed Make message memorable eg in verse! Lazy System 2 adopts suggestions from System 2 Good mood - activates System 1 and enhances Intuition Bad mood - reduces Intuition Activates System 2 Concentration Conscious, reasoning self that has beliefs, makes choices and decides what to think about and what to do Chapter 6 System 1 is adept at forming causal links from fragments of knowledge Intense activity using System 2 can make one blind to stmuli that normally attract attention Chapter 5 Allocates effort to effortful mental activity System 2 Subjective experience Mood affects System 1 Choice Cognitive Strain System 1 Feeds illusions of truth Cognitive Ease Chapter 1 : Two Systems Effortlessly originating impressions and feelings that are the main source of the explicit beliefs and deliberate choices of System 2

Frequent occurrence leads System 1 to construct a new norm

e.g. Chabris and Simons, The Invisible Gorilla Intense concentration counting passes in a video clip of a basketball game makes one blind to someone dressed in a gorilla suits walking across the court

Impressions of causality

System 1 is biased and gullible System 2 is doubting and unbelieving - but often busy and lazy Alan: intelligent-industrious-impulsive-critical-stubborn-envious Ben: envious-stubborn-critical-impulsive-industrious-intelligent Which do we like most? Look again - lists are identical, but reversed! So, sequence is important

Chapter 7

Thinking, Fast and Slow

By Daniel Kahneman (Part 1)

Examples of conict between Systems 1 and 2 Say the words out loud in turn and feel the conict!

LEFT
left

right
RIGHT
RIGHT
left
LEFT
right

Lazy effect

Chapter 2: Attention and Effort WYSIATI What you see is all there is System 1 processes available info, then maps a pattern Leads to overcondence Pupils dilate proportionate to mental effort "A window to your soul"!

Conscious application of Self-control and mental effort draw from the same limited budget of effort

Rapid System 1 - constant routine assessment Monitoring issues critical for survival Chapter3: The Lazy Controller Over-processing = mental shotgun How Judgments happen System 2 - analytical underpinning when required Chapter 8 State of "ow"

The nervous system consumes more glucose than most other parts of the body, and effortful mental activity appears to be especially expensive in the currency of glucose

So, when engaged in effortful mental activity, blood sugar levels drop

Ingesting glucose can replete levels and boost the application of mental effort

A state of effortless concentration so deep that they lose sense of time, of themselves, of the problem

Demands no exertion of self control, freeing resources to the task at hand

System 2 System 1 suggests thoughts and actions, System 2 monitors and controls these thoughts and actions ... If it can be bothered (noting that this consumes energy) Chapter 9 Answering an Easier Question Anchoring effect Establishing a prior context then provides a heuristic framework for answering question Answer to second question is often inuenced by preceding questions You think with your body, not just your brain An example of the Lazy Controller Do not try to solve this puzzle - just listen to your intuition ....

Substitution - System 1 nd an easier question to answer

Chapter 4 System 1 effect Priming Triggers that condition behaviour/response the Ideomotor link