Real System Estimated Model

What is System Identification?

• Using experimental data obtained from input (Stimulate)/output
(Response) relations to model dynamic systems.

Real System System estimated

Stimulate Response Model
Signal Signal
PC with
LabVIEW

• However, there will always be some uncertainty due to noise on

the signals and disturbances acting on the system.

Model Types
• Graphs and tables – Bode plots and step responses
• Mathematical models – Di erential and di erence equations
 Advantages to Mathematical Models
• Physical system NOT required

– New designs/technologies can be treated without prototype

• More flexible than real world

– Easy to check many approaches, parameter values, ...

• Safe

– Experiments can be dangerous

• Help in gaining insight and better understanding

Model Representations
Procedure of System Identification
 Generate the Stimulated Input Signal
• Step response test is used to get basic understanding of
system dynamics such as linearity, static gains, time delays,
time constants, sampling interval

Input signal should excite all relevant frequencies

• Estimated model more accurate in frequency ranges where

input has high energy

Trade-off in selection of signal amplitude

• Large amplitude gives high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), low

parameter variance

• Most systems are non-linear for large input amplitudes

 Procedure of System Identification

• Further, it should be noted that identification of

a system under closed loop control is much
more tricky than identification on an open-loop
system.

• So unless it is impossible to perform the

experiment without a closed-loop controller
make sure that you only experiment on an open-
loop system
 Model Structure Selection
1- ARX (autoregressive with exogeneous input)

• A good starting point for a model structure

• It is a very simple model and is quite adequate for a
considerable number of systems.
• The A-polynomial is the auto-regressive part of the
output (previous instances of output affects the
current output) and the B-polynomial correspond to
shaping the input. The noise e is assumed to be white
noise.
 Some Model Structure Selection

2- ARMAX (autoregressive moving average with

exogeneous input)

3- OE (output error)

4- BJ (Box Jenkins)

5- Model structures based on state-space representation:

 Getting Started with the System
Identification Assistant
1. Launching the System Identification Assistant
Launch the System Identification Assistant by selecting Start»All
Programs»National Instruments»LabVIEW System Identification
Toolkit»LabVIEW System Identification Assistant. The System
Identification Assistant launches within the LabVIEW SignalExpress
environment.

The Project View is the blank white rectangle on the left side of the LabVIEW
SignalExpress environment

Data View is the green coordinate grid on the black background in the middle
of the LabVIEW SignalExpress environment

If the graph does not appear in the Data View, select View»Data View to
display the Data View
 Data View context help window
Project View
Open Loop System
To Identify
Start System Identification By
LabVIEW

Click Add Step

Pop up menu appears

Create the Stimulate Signal
Generate the Stimulate Signal
through the DAQ
Generate the Stimulate Signal
through the DAQ
 1- Click Data View

2- Drag Square wave

to Data View
 Acquiring the Output
Response Signal through the
DAQ
 Acquiring the Output
Response Signal through the
DAQ
Drag Output wave
to Data View
 How to Run the Program

The Stimulated signal

Was for 6 Seconds
 Click Run The Result The Response

Stimulate Signal
To Estimate the System Mold
 Model Structure Selection
1- Determine
 2- Play with the This is the error between
A and B orders the actual response and
That minimize the the estimated model response
error
Drag Simulated (estimated) Response to Data View. Now the three
signals appears
Drag SysID Model to Data View. The result is
 To Do Further Analysis on the
Simulated Model of the Open Loop
System

Time Domain Analysis

Further Analysis

Frequency Domain Analysis

Further Analysis

Pole-Zero Analysis
Zero
Pole

Stability
The Model type you want
State Space model
or
Transfer Function Model
or
Zero Pole Gain Model
Open Loop State Space model
Open Loop Transfer Function model
Open Loop Zero Pole Gain model
 Three Methods for Controller Design
1- Using PID Synthesis
 PID Synthesis
Creates a controller based on changing the PID (proportional-
integral-derivative) series algorithm as defined as below:

where Kc is the proportional gain, Ti is the integral time in

seconds, and Td is the derivative time in seconds.
T1 is the HF Rolloff 1 time (in seconds), which defines the time
constant of a first order filter in series with the PID algorithm.
T2 is the HF Rolloff 2 time (in seconds), which defines the time
constant of a first order filter in series with the PID algorithm.
Closed Loop Design and Time
Response
The Model type you want
Controller State Space model
Controller Transfer Function model
Controller Zero Pole Gain model
Closed Loop State Space model
Closed Loop Transfer Function model
Closed Loop Zero Pole Gain model
Further Analysis for Closed Loop System

Frequency Domain Analysis

Further Analysis for Closed Loop System

Time Domain Analysis

Further Analysis for Closed Loop System

Pole-Zero Analysis
Saving the Designed Models
Saving the Designed Open Loop Model
Saving the Designed Controller Model
Saving the Designed Closed Loop Model
Generated Models at the Desktop

Download

Download

Download
Loading the Designed Models in
LabVIEW
Converting
Discrete to
Continuous
2- Using Root Locus
Change Gain Poles and
Zeros for required root
locus