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Questions about standard cells & standard cells library

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ASIC Design Methodologies and Tools (Digital)

Questions about standard cells & standard cells library

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02-08-12, 10:37

#1

R1kky
Newbie level 3

Questions about standard cells & standard cells library

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could you, please, help me with several questions regarding std cells & libraries. 1. what it (std cells libraries) can be (i.e. classification on vt,coarse-grain, fine-grain etc) my suppose - vt could be high or low, also as mentioned coarse- or fine- grain, what else? 2. what track is? my suppose - tracks mean routing resources, track is the path in which wires can pass through. One track is approximately the minimum spacing between metal1 and metal2 via in a technology node . Track is generally used as a unit to define the height of the std cell. For example, a 12 track cell will be taller than a 9 track cell, a 12 track std cell will be taller, that means more metal1 routing space is available within the cell, hence cells will be faster. where as in a 9 track cell, the cell will be compact, but speed is less compared to 12 track. 3. how many metal level using in std cells? my suppose - 2 or 3 levels 4. what groups of std cells libraries consist? (for example, filler my suppose - even don't know, as told there A standard cell library is a collection of low-level logic functions such as AND, OR, INVERT, flipflops, latches, and buffers. These cells are realized as fixed-height, variable-width full-custom cells. The key aspect with these libraries is that they are of a fixed height, which enables them to be placed in rows, easing the process of automated digital layout. The cells are typically optimized fullcustom layouts, which minimize delays and area. A typical standard-cell library contains two main components: Library Database - Consists of a number of views often including layout, schematic, symbol, abstract, and other logical or simulation views. From this, various information may be captured in a number of formats including the Cadence LEF format, and the Synopsys Milkyway format, which contain reduced information about the cell layouts, sufficient for automated "Place and Route" tools. Timing Abstract - Generally in Liberty format, to provide functional definitions, timing, power, and noise information for each cell. A standard-cell library may also contain the following additional components: A full layout of the cells Spice models of the cells Verilog models or VHDL Vital models Parasitic Extraction models DRC rule decks An example is a simple XOR logic gate, which can be formed from OR, INVERT and AND gates. so from that i can point only "logical elements group", what else? thanks in advance.
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02-08-12, 11:58

#2

soloktanjung
Full Member level 6

Re: Questions about standard cells & standard cells library

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Questions about standard cells & standard cells library

Originally Posted by R1kky

3. how many metal level using in std cells? my suppose - 2 or 3 levels

The number of metal layers depend on the foundry and the technology (45 nm, 65 nm). I have used 130 nm technology with 6 metal layers. Thank you.
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02-08-12, 12:10

#3

R1kky
Newbie level 3

Re: Questions about standard cells & standard cells library

Originally Posted by hairo

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Nov 2011 3 1/1 249 2

The number of metal layers depend on the foundry and the technology (45 nm, 65 nm). I have used 130 nm technology with 6 metal layers. Thank you.

thanks for answer, is it correct, that used number of levels of metal for whole SoC and for stnd cell libs is the same number or it differs?

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03-08-12, 12:01

#4

soloktanjung
Full Member level 6

Re: Questions about standard cells & standard cells library

Originally Posted by R1kky

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that used number of levels of metal for whole SoC and for stnd cell libs is the same number or it differs?

I dont quite understand your question. In my design, I have a logic + memory block both using 130 nm and 6 metal layers in one die. Thank you.

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06-08-12, 08:41

#5

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oratie
Full Member level 3

Questions about standard cells & standard cells library

Re: Questions about standard cells & standard cells library
Usually, the std cell library contains only Metal1, sometimes it may contain M2. I never saw more than 2 metal layers in the std. cell library. In addition to multi-Vt libs, exist multi-channel_length std cell libraries (also for leakage optimization). Groups of cells (I do not know are there standards in naming of such groups): Simple logic (nand, not, inv, buf, ...) Complex logic (aoi, oai, 1-bit adder...) Sequential (flip-flops, latches, scanFF) Clock (clock buffers, clock inverters, clock-gating cells) Misc (fillers, decap, tap, antenna diode, bus holder ...) ECO (spare cells) Power managetment (power switch, level-shifter, isolation, retention, always-on)
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06-08-12, 11:51

#6

soloktanjung
Full Member level 6

Re: Questions about standard cells & standard cells library

Originally Posted by oratie

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Usually, the std cell library contains only Metal1, sometimes it may contain M2. I never saw more than 2 metal layers in the std. cell library.

Thank for the info.

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08-08-12, 07:46

#7

jeet_asic
Full Member level 3

Re: Questions about standard cells & standard cells library

Usually, the std cell library contains only Metal1, sometimes it may contain M2. I never saw more than 2 metal layers in the std. cell library. Thanks sir. While doing a project on Std. cell we were allowed to use only M1 . But when we started layouts for higher drive strength gates , its became almost impossible to route , as M1 was overlapping. So how to come out of this problem and why don't we use M2 layer? Track size was 9.

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08-08-12, 07:58

#8

oratie
Full Member level 3

Re: Questions about standard cells & standard cells library

But when we started layouts for higher drive strength gates , its became almost impossible to route , as M1 was overlapping. I've used std. cell library with x40 drive strength - and M1 was enough to draw such cells. So how to come out of this problem and why don't we use M2 layer?

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Questions about standard cells & standard cells library

Less metal layers in the std cells -> more metal layers for routing -> less chip area. The library, that contains M1+M2, used M2 only for power rails (reduce IR-drop and prevent EM issues). The answer - if M1 is enough to draw all needed cells without area increasing of these cells - no reason to use additional metal layers inside cells.
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08-08-12, 08:09

#9

jeet_asic
Full Member level 3

Re: Questions about standard cells & standard cells library

Less metal layers in the std cells -> more metal layers for routing

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Sorry , my bad. But i didn't get this line. Sir can you elaborate this little more.

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08-08-12, 08:37

#10

Somashekhar
Member level 1

Re: Questions about standard cells & standard cells library

Metal2 usage does not depend on the drive strength of the cell. Complex cells like flop, scan flops and mux require metal2 (7 or 9 track require). Metal2 usage blocks lot of routing resource when the particular cell is used in the design. For example : U have used metal2 horizontally to connect two nets in "X" standard cell. And if routing direction of metal2 in the design is vertical. If the "X" standard cell is used in the design, it blocks lot met2 routing resource.
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