PERSONAL HEART ATTACK DETECTECTOR

R.SARAVANA, G.SURYAKANTH. Surya.111kanth@gmail.com, saravanawitu@ymail.com

Velammal Engineering College, Surapet, Chennai - 600 066. The walking stick is used as detection unit and as the medium asking for medical help. Nowadays heart attack also comes to

ABTRACT- The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute evidence that many people are at high risk of treatment delay for heart attack. About one-half million of those people die within 1 hour of the start of symptoms and before reaching the hospital. Our targeted research is needed to elucidate this specific population's knowledge of warning signs for this acute event. Multivariate techniques were used to analyze a multiyear Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Heart and Stroke module database. Many multivariate techniques are not use as for immediate/emergency help. So we needed a personal health care provider to monitor the heart beat rhythm.i.e personal heart attack detector-the wrist watch with Heart Attack Detector is an equipment that is used everyday to indicate heart condition, to detect heart attack and to call for emergency help. It was designed specially to help senior citizens and patients with heart disease. In the first part of the paper we emphasize on basic ideas and concepts of heart attract detection and design and in the next half of the paper we discuss about working method of the personal detector. Finally, we discuss about the implementation of our idea and its outcome in the society.

all other age peoples. But these age peoples cant use walking stick. Its not easily portable. In order to overcome this problem we have idea to implement this in wrist watch itself instead of use the walking stick.

2. BASIC CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS How heart attack occurs?- A heart attack happens to a person when the blood flow and oxygen supply to heart muscle is blocked, and it is mostly caused by the Coronary Artery Disease (CAD).CAD occurs when the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle (coronary arteries) become hardened and narrowed. It often causes irregular heart beat or rhythm by blocking blood stream. This irregular heart rhythm can be detected by observing the electrocardiogram.(i.e)ECG waveform.

1.

INTRODUCTION

The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute states that more than a million persons have a heart attack and about half (515,000) of them die in each year. About one-half of those who die do so within 1 hour of the start of symptoms and before reaching the hospital. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute suggest that everyone should know the warning signs of a heart attack and how to get emergency help. Mostly senior citizens are more prone to have heart attack. The Walking Stick with Heart Attack Detection is specially designed to help the senior citizens who need walking aids by walking sticks and have the most possibility of heart attack.

A. Biosensor electrode

A biosensor is an analytical device for the detection of an analytic that combines a biological component with a physicochemical detector. The biosensor is sensitive to the biological elements.(i.e cell receptors, tissues, veins,etc..,). The detector element (biosensor electrode) works in a physicochemical way; that transforms the signal resulting from the interaction of the analyte with the biological element into another signal (i.e., transducers) that can be more easily measured and quantified. The benefits of the

electrodes include good electrical contact with human skin, low motion artifacts and strong adhesive quality to skin.

B. Electrocardiogram The interpretation of the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time, as detected by electrodes attached to the outer surface of the skin. The recording produced by this non-invasive procedure is termed as electrocardiogram (ECG).An ECG test records the electrical activity of the heart. The ECG signal is

Fig.2.Transmitter and receiver A transmitter and Radio receiver combined in one unit is called a transceiver. The term transmitter is often abbreviated "XMTR" or "TX" in technical documents. The purpose of most transmitters is radio communication of information over a distance. The information is provided to the transmitter in the form of an electronic signal, such as an audio signal, audio (sound) signal from a microphone, a Video signal (TV) signal from a TV camera, or in wireless networking devices a digital signal from a computer. The transmitter combines the information signal to be carried with the radio frequency signal which generates the radio waves, which is often called the Carrier wave carrier. This process is called modulation. The information can be added to the carrier in several different ways, in different types of transmitter. In an amplitude modulation (AM) transmitter, the information is added to the radio signal by varying its amplitude. In a frequency modulation (FM) transmitter, it is added by varying the radio signal's frequency slightly. Many other types of modulation are used. The antenna may be enclosed inside the case or attached to the outside of the transmitter, as in portable devices such as cell phones, walkie-talkies, and auto Remote keyless system remotes. In more powerful transmitters, the antenna may be located on top of a building or on a separate tower, and connected to the transmitter by a feed line that is transmission line. Receiver is also an electronic device that receives radio waves and converts the information carried by them to a usable form. It is used with an antenna. The antenna intercepts radio waves (electromagnetic waves) and converts them to tiny alternating currents which are applied to the receiver, and the receiver extracts the desired information. The receiver uses electronic filters to separate the wanted radio frequency signal from all other signals,

Fig.1. Schematic representation of normal ECG Characterized by six peaks and valleys labelled with successive letters of the alphabet P, Q, R, S, T, and U

C.Tranmitter and receiver The transmitter uses the electromagnetic waves to transmit the information over a large distance. The electromagnetic waves is nothing the radio waves. In the name itself we can tell that the transmitter to transmit the signals and receiver to receive the information/signals. A transmitter can be a separate piece of electronic equipment, or an electrical circuit within another electronic device.

an electronic amplifier to increase the power of the signal for further processing, and finally recovers the desired information through demodulation. The information produced by the receiver may be in the form of sound (an audio signal), images (a video signal) or data (a digital signal). A radio receiver may be a separate piece of electronic equipment, or an electronic circuit within another device.

biosensor and ECG circuitry unit on the users wrist captures abnormal heart beat signal from the patient. The microcontroller on the watch runs a heart attack algorithm. Warning is given out to the person about his heart condition. The Bluetooth emergency calling system calls for medical help at the moment of heart attack. This project aims to shorten the time between the moment of heart attack and the arrival of medical personal. The warning before the emergency call will give the patient a chance to avoid heart attack.

D.PIC microcontroller PIC is a family of modified Harvard architecture microcontrollers made by Microchip Technology, derived from the PIC1650. The name PIC initially referred to "Peripheral Interface Controller" .PIC has the extensive collection of application notes, availability of low cost or free development tools, and serial programming and re-programming with flash memory capability. They are also commonly used in educational programming as they often come with the easy to use 'pic logicator' software.
Electrodes

ECG Circuitry

Bluetooth Module (EB500)

A/D Converter

Javelin Stamp (microcontroller)

Transmitter

Receiver

Fig.5 Block diagram of heart attack detector

4. WORKING Fig.3-PIC microcontroller The PIC instruction set is suited to implementation of fast lookup tables in the program space. Such lookups take one instruction and two instruction cycles. Many functions can be modeled in this way. Optimization is facilitated by the relatively large program space of the PIC (e.g. 4096 14-bit words on the 16F690) and by the design of the instruction set, which allows for embedded constants. 3. OVER VIEW OF DESIGN Design mainly has two units. Biosensor ,ECG circuitry unit and PIC microcontroller and Bluetooth module. The a. Biosensor The biosensor is an analytical device for the detection of an analytic that combines a biological component with a physicochemical detector. The biosensor is sensitive to the biological elements.(i.e. cell receptors, tissues, veins,etc..,). The biosensor electrode (i.e. Ag-Agcl Electrode). The two electrodes are placed in the outer surface of the skin (in wrist).Thus the electrode is helps to know heart beat rhythm.

b.ECG circuit The detection of hear beat /rhythm by using Ag-Agcl electrode are feed into the ECG circuit. Thus the ECG produces the heart beat as a signal. The ECG signal is characterized by six peaks and valleys labeled with successive letters of the alphabet P, Q, R, S, T, and U.

Hz. Since the range from 0.5 Hz and 50 Hz is outside the transmission bandwidth of the HP-3 transceiver, we thought about using mixer and oscillator to raise the lowest frequency of analog signal, which is 0.5 Hz to 60 Hz. This would ensure correct transmission of the analog signal. When we discussed this idea with our TA, we were introduced to the RS232 capability of PIC. Since RS232 signal is digital, we can use the same transceiver to transmit digital signal. We no longer have to worry about the lowest frequency of the analog signal along with the mixer and the oscillator.

C2 U1 V1 (ECG input) 3 + 2 LM 741C 4 5 0 .0 1 u 6 R1 10k R6 1k R7 R2 10k R 10 R 11 7 1

1k

R9 3k

150k

Fig. 4.Detail of the QRS complex, showing ventricular activation time (VAT) and amplitude
4 5 +

15k LM 741C LM 741C C1 6 1u U3 7 1 R8 100k 7 1 V1 12Vdc 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 S iz e A D a te : T it le E C G A m p lif ie r , D ig it a l S ig n a l P r o c e s s o r a n d T r a n s m it t e r (H e le n K im , C h o o n L e e ) D ocum ent N um ber <D oc> M onday , M ay 02, 2005 Sheet 1 of 1 R ev <R ev C ode> 1 14 F1100E 7 8 5Vdc -1 2 V d c V2 + 2 3 4 5 6 Vo (output to DSP) U4

LM 741C 7 1 01 02 03 antenna 0 0 1 04 05 Channel Select:4 06 07 08 VCC 5V DC From DSP 09 10 2 V2 (ECG input) 3 6

R4

1k U2

R5 15k

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C3 R 12 PIC16F877

c. Data Transmission between ECG circuit and the wrist watch Our original design was to transmit the analog ECG waveform directly out of the ECG analog circuitry to the wrist watch. We would use the analog signal transmission capability of the HP-3 transceiver. We wanted to make this data transmission wireless. This would avoid the inconvenience of the wires attachment to the wrist. User can move freely without any disturbance. After we browsed through the data sheet of the HP-3 transceiver, we discovered that the analog bandwidth of the transceiver pair is between 50 Hz and 28000 Hz. As discussed, the normal ECG waveform has frequency range between 50 Hz and 70 Hz. However, to cover all the possible scenarios like sleeping and fast walking, the lower and the upper cut-off frequencies were decided to be 0.5 Hz and 150

0 .0 1 u 1k LINX HP-3 Transmitter GND RF/ANT Out CS0 CS1 CS2 CTS PDN VCC GND/MODE Analog In 0V VDC 5V VDC

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Fig.5.Circuit diagram of ECG Analog Circuit, PIC16F877, HP-3 Transmitter

Thus the ECG circuit continuously monitoring the heart beat and transmit the signals .The transmitter only transmit the heart beat from the ECG to the micro controller.

R3 10k

4 5

0 0

V3

d. .PIC microcontroller The RS232 digital ECG data will be fed from the HP-3 receiver to the Javelin microcontroller. The parameters of the UART of the microcontroller are set up according to those of the PIC. The microcontroller will then get the correct digital ECG from the PIC.PIC microcontroller is programmable storage devices, which are programmable or reprogrammable for a specified task. These digital ECG samples will be analyzed with the heart attack algorithm developed by earlier. Heart attack is preceded by three notable symptoms, which are weak pulse amplitude, irregular heart beat and widened QRS pulse. To check for weak amplitude, a baseline is set up by averaging all the data points. Pulse amplitude is considered as weak if it is below 50% of the baseline. Normal pulse rate is between 35 bpm (beats per minute) and 200 bpm. If the digital ECG data indicates a pulse rate outside of this range, then irregular heart beat is detected. Normal pulse width is less than 36 ms. If the digital ECG data indicates a pulse width more than 36 ms, then QRS

pulse

has

widened.

Microcontroller Javelin Stamp 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 LINX HP-3 Receiver 01 antenna 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0 0 0 Channel Select 10 11 12 13 14 15 VCC 5V DC Digital output to Javelin 16 17 18 12 RF Input/Anttena Input GND GND GND GND GND GND GND N/C CS0 CS1 CS2 PDN RSSI GND/MODE VCC Analog Out Digital Out LE D LE D LE D D 1 Low-Risk R1 33k 10 11 Sout Sin ATN VSS P0 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 Vin Vss RES' VDD P15 P14 P13 P12 P11 P10 P9 P8 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13

9 V VCC

Bluetooth Module EB500 02 04 06 08 01 03 05 07 09 11 13 15 17 Vin 19

VSS TX CTS Status

VSS RX RTS

10 12 14 16 18 20

Mode Ctrl

'Alert Level' to Microcontroller BasicX

5V VDC

D 2 High Risk

R2 33k

D 3 Emergency Call Activated R3 33k T it le S iz e A D a te :

< T it le > D ocum ent N um ber <D oc> Sunday , M ay 01, 2005 Sheet 1 of 1 R ev <R ev C ode>

Fig.6. Circuit diagram of HP-3 Receiver, Javelin Microcontroller, EB500 Bluetooth Module Heart Attack Algorithm-one of the ECG samples was stored in the Javelins memory. The data points were modified in terms of amplitude, pulse rate and pulse width. The Javelin was programmed to run with this modified data. Each of the three symptoms responded positively. e. Low-Risk and High-Risk LEDs of Heart Attack The previous paper set up an alert level of threshold of 5 before emergency calling is executed. In our paper, we decided to use this alert level to define two conditions, lowrisk and high-risk. Low risk is when the alert level is between 4 and 6. High risk is when the alert level is between 7 and 9. These two conditions will be indicated to the user with two LEDs in the wrist watch and a beep sound for indication..

User can look at the LEDs and be aware of his heart condition to take proper action to avoid the fatal moment. f. Bluetooth Module and Javelin Stamp Microcontroller When the alert level reaches 10, emergency calling through the users cell phone will be executed. In our project, the emergency calling will be done with only the Bluetooth module and the Javelin microcontroller. Laptop will not be used as an intermediate between Bluetooth module and the cell phone. When the Bluetooth module is first powered up, it is in command mode. Communication between the Bluetooth module and the microcontroller will be done in the form of UART. Microcontroller will send some commands to the Bluetooth module to set up a Bluetooth connection with the users cell phone. When the connection is successfully set up, which is indicated by the LED on the Bluetooth module, the module automatically switches to data mode. A successful Bluetooth connection is nothing more than a wireless serial cable. In data mode, everything sent by the Javelin microcontroller will be received by the cell phone. Commands to control a phone are called AT commands. AT commands direct a phone to dial (D), answer (A) and hang up (H). Every AT command starts with AT (Attention). This is the command line prefix. To make a 911 call, the following command will be sent by the microcontroller to the cell phone, ATD911;\r. The last character, \r is carriage return. The command means Attention: Dialling 911. The number 911 can be replaced by any phone number. Refer the programming codes in the appendix. Since most cell phones today have the GPS feature, the location of the user can be discovered and faster medical help can be sent to the spot. We used the same modified data to trigger the alert level to rise above 9. We changed the phone number and the LED on the Bluetooth module light up accordingly, the Ericsson T610 cell phones screen showed the message Dialling 2173335257 and the phone rang accordingly the call make divert to the emergency setup number which is preprogrammed already in the users mobile phones. Today the most cell phones have the GPS feature, the location of the user can be discovered and faster medical help can be taken. 5. POWER Consumption

The power consumption of the ECG unit worn on wrist is 0.046 W(approx.).The power consumption of the unit on the watch is 0.465 W when Bluetooth module is not activated. The unit consumes 0.575 W when Bluetooth module is activated. 6. ADVANTAGES We did not use a laptop as an intermediate between the Bluetooth module and the cell phone. Laptop is a very powerful machine that can store any programs like phone dialing program and can have hardware like Bluetooth and infra-red. Our project will never be marketable and useable if it required a laptop strapped to the wrist watch. The elimination of the laptop greatly simplifies the hardware requirement of the previous project. This elimination will reduce power consumption and the projects executing time. The programmings codes of the Bluetooth module and the PIC microcontroller are all on are very technical but not complicated. (Please refer the appendix for coding). We consider a big improvement in reducing the complexity of the project greatly, in saving power consumption of the project to run much fewer codes and in making the project to run at a faster time. No wire is attached to the wrists. The ECG waveform is transmitted wirelessly this gives the user great flexibility while the program is switched on and running. User can drive safely, can use restroom easily and can function normally like without the project. Previous project had the wire connection. Our project is completely portable. We have two main units. These two units are placed in the wrist only. So can move freely without any wire attachment. Heart condition is displayed in our project. We display the heart condition through two LEDs and a beep sounds on the wrist watch as low-risk (alert level between 4 and 6) and high risk (alert level between 7 and 9). The user can know their heart

condition and take proper action to avoid the fatal moment. Proper action could be slowing down and taking a rest. 7. CONCLUSION The wrist watch with Heart Attack Detection functions as designed overall. ECG waves properly collected from analog circuitry unit. The most significant improvement was the emergency calling part. We successfully improved the data transmission between Bluetooth module and the mobile phone when activating emergency calling without use of laptops as in previous paper. Possible future improvements are better packaging of the wrist circuitry; lower power consumption for main units, more common media rather than just wrist watch, shorter delay between heart attack detection and emergency calling via cell phone, and more accurate and faster heart attack algorithm. As per the suggestion of, The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute that everyone should know the warning signs of a heart attack that can be detected with the help of personal heart attack detector and also get emergency help. By this way Heart Attack Detector can be used everyday to indicate heart condition, to detect heart attack and to call for emergency help.this way we can help senior citizens and heart patient for their better survival.

8. REFERENCES Hwang, Limsui, Zhao, Wireless Heart Attack Detector with GPS, ECE445. University of Illinois, Fall 2004, https://courses.ece.uiuc.edu/ece445/cgibin/view_project.pl?fall2004_24 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Disease and Condition Index, What Is a Heart Attack?,. http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/Heart Attack/HeartAttack_WhatIs.html ECG Library. 2002. http://www.ecglibrary.com/ecghome.html

Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopaedia, RS-232,and

PIC http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RS-232 www.ieee.org- The Institute of Electrical and Electrical Engineers. www.google.com.