CCB 1052

IMPORTANCE OF ENGINEERING DRAWINGS

LECTURE 01

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Why learn ED?

Engineering graphics/drawings

provide means to expression of

thoughts and concepts involving geometrical shapes and design between the designers (engineers) and fabricators (vendors). Drawing is a tool to communicate ideas

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What are ED?

Engineering graphics/drawings are important for: Visual communication
between

Draftsmen and engineers / other professionals Designers / architects and manufacturers / contractors

End-users and sales/support services

Transmission of coding
technique
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Relevancy of ED
Every engineer should be able to: Describe ideas and present them to other professionals through engineering graphics Read and understand graphics prepared by others

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Example of drawing

Bearing

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Three Methods of Communication

THREE (3) methods of communicating the graphics language:

Free hand sketches Manual drafting with hand-held instruments Computer-aided drafting/design (CAD)

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Manual Drafting Tools

For manual drafting and/or freehand sketches, the following may be required:

Board / table Media (paper: plain, graph) Utensils

Pencils / pens Eraser T-squares and triangles (set squares) Compass and dividers Protractor French curve Flexible curve
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CAD Software
Among the popular CAD software used in technical drawings/draftings are:

AutoCAD (2D, 3D, solid

modeling)

Mechanical Desktop (3D,

solid modeling)

Inventor (advanced solid

modeling)

MS Visio (2D with built-in

blocks/libraries)
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ED Outputs
The outputs are in the forms of:

Documentation (step-by-step procedure)

Technical drawings

the shape, size, location and other features of the object(s) Surface finish, color, assembly or fabrication methods Standards and conventions (layout / template)
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Two component of graphics

Showing the shape of an object and other information requires TWO (2) fundamental components of graphics:

Lines

represents edges, contour and/or surfaces of objects represents symbols, sizes and notes

Lettering

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Scale
Scales are graduated measuring
instruments

Drawing scales refer to ratio between size

of drawing to actual size of object

scale ratio 1:50 means actual object is 50 times larger than drawing object
scale ratio 2:1 means actual object is half the size of the drawing object

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Scale (Reaction Vessel Example)

Scale 1:100

Model

Actual
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Units
TWO (2) major unit conventions commonly used in drawing are:

Engineering - Metric & Imperial Millimeters (mm) Inches (in.) Architectural

Feet ( ' ) and inches ( " )

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Units
Some examples to differentiate the units:

Millimeters
Inches Architectural
Note:

2 2 2"

2.1 2.10 2 1/2"

0.021 .021 2' 2 1/2"

A zero is required to the left (but not to the right) of decimal point for mm. For inches, vice versa. Symbols are not required for mm and in.
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Dimensions
Dimensions are used to indicate the length, radius (diameter) and angle of an object. Some common terminologies as used in standard drawing conventions and practices are:
Linear dimensions horizontal and vertical lines Angular dimension angles Diameter places a diameter dimension on circles Radius places a radius dimension on circles and arcs

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Dimensions

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