Overview

Excitation System UNITROL F Series

Overview
Type: Plant: Order No.: KKS No.: Manufacturing Year:
SCALE: SIZE: SUPPLIER NAME: No: SPECIFICATION No:

AFT-C/C1N3-F45 HAZIRA 11013027 +11,12,18CUA10 2001

HAZIRA INDIA KA8C2-2 156,1 MW CCPP

Power Plants No

Rev. Rev. Rev. Dept. 1 Dept. 2

Rev. Rev. Rev. Der.from/Repla.: Replaced by:

Issued: 01-01-09- RP Check 01-02-16 JC Check 2: Released: 01-02-16 JC

Document

Format

Langue

Page

No. of pages

ZAB

A4

15

ICA

3BHS117549 E81

2 Overview Contents
1 OVERVIEW......................................................................................................................................... 3 2 SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS .......................................................................................................... 4 3 SUPPLY SYSTEM.............................................................................................................................. 6
3.1 Shunt supply ............................................................................................................................................... 6 3.1.1 Field flashing........................................................................................................................................ 7 3.1.2 Compounding option for indirect excitation.......................................................................................... 7 3.1.2.1 8 3.1.2.2 Shunt supply with series compounding ............................................................................................... 8

Page

4 SUPPLY OF CONTROL ELECTRONICS.......................................................................................... 9 5 EXCITATION MODULE ................................................................................................................... 10

5.1 5.2 Type designation of converter modules .................................................................................................... 11 12

6 SIGNAL INTERFACE....................................................................................................................... 12
6.1 6.1.2 Input/output expansion ............................................................................................................................. 12 Basic interface - dual channel AFT.................................................................................................... 12

7 CONTROL PANEL ........................................................................................................................... 13

7.1 7.2 Panel link .................................................................................................................................................. 13 Display ...................................................................................................................................................... 13

8 FIELD DE-EXCITATION .................................................................................................................. 14

8.1.1 8.2 Field de-excitation variants ................................................................................................................ 14 ON (START), OFF (STOP) and protection logic ....................................................................................... 15

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3 Overview

Overview
An excitation system regulates the terminal voltage and the reactive power flow of a synchronous machine by altering the field current with the aid of thyristor converters. This document describes an indirect excitation system.

E xcita tio n syste m

3
I/O

2
Regulator

SM 3~
Fig. 1

4
EXC.

Overview of excitation system

1 Supply system incl. excitation transformer (see Supply system p. 6) 2 Excitation module (see Excitation module p. 10) 3 Signal interface (see Signal interface p. 12) 4 Field de-excitation (see Field de-excitation p.14)

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4 Overview

System configurations
The dual automatic channel system AFT (see Fig. 2) contains two identical UNITROL F excitation modules (2 AVR channels) and a common I/O system with carrier UNC 4868 and the assemblies AC-Actual Value Measurement UNS 0862 and I/O Interface UNS 0863. In operation, one of the two AVR channels is in standby, which means the converter and electronics are redundant. The excitation configuration system is designed as follows: AFT-C/C1N3-F45 A: F: T: Dual Automatic Channel) (AUTOMATIC / AUTOMATIC) ConFigurable control functions Twin converter configuration

C: C1: N: 3: F: 45:

Compounding Type of converter 140 A 50/60 Hz

for shunt supply for 3-phase converter supply Field breaker with de-excitation contact Rated breaker current in Amps

3BHS117549 E81

Grey areas indicate components supply

Typical system supply

IR

U R/S/T

-Q70 (Option)

-T70 -Q05 -Q10 -T05

HVT

UNC 4868 UNC 4868

UNS 0862 UNS 0862 UNS 0863 UNS 0863 UNS 0863 UNS 0862 (option)
-Q20

-Q71 (Option)

AUX. -T71

UNC 4866 (option)

U BATT -Q80
U SUPPLY AC
SUPPLY AC

U SUPPLY DC

UNS 0868
SUPPLY DC

UNS 0868 o.k

-K30

-R03

AFT Excitation Module Example of indirect excitation from machine terminals (shunt )
SNAT 622 CMT for PCMCIA Board (Notebooks)

3BHS117549 E81
UNS 4875
UNS 0869 (Option) UNS 1860
-R30 Ie -V03 Usyn

U R/S/T

-Q75 (Option)

IR

Fig. 2
SNAT 608 CMT for ISA Board (PC)

Overview

CB

MT

PT2

PT1

Control Panel UNS 0874

U U

o.k

UNS 0864 (Option)

UNS 0864 (Option)

UNS 0869 (Option) UNS 1860

UNS 4875

Usyn

SDCS - POW-1

SDCS - POW-1

Ie

Ie

-K03

SDCS-PIN-1X SDCS-PIN-2X

SDCS - COM-1/5

UNS 0867 (Option)

UNS 0867 (Option)

SDCS - COM-1/5

SDCS-PIN-1X SDCS-PIN-2X SDCS - CON-2 SDCS - CON-2

TRIP -Q02

SM

3
-R02

=/~ RS485 MODBUS

-R06

REC

EXC

-R08

CT

6 Overview

3
3.1

Supply system
Shunt supply

A U X(U P S ).

-R 0 3

-G 1 0

-V 0 3

SM 3~

-Q 0 2 EXC. -R 0 8 -R 0 2

-K 0 3

Fig. 3

Shunt supply

During normal operation, the supply of the entire system is taken from the machine terminals through a step down transformer, the so-called excitation transformer. The secondary voltage of the excitation transformer is determined in such a way that the AC supply for the thyristor converter will enable the DC output voltage to reach the required system ceiling voltage when the thyristors are in maximum conducting condition. The excitation transformer is sized with a short circuit reactance in the range of 4 to 6% (typically 5%). This reactance value ensures sufficient limitation of the short circuit current and/or the current increase di/dt during the commutation period of the thyristors.

3BHS117549 E81

7 Overview 3.1.1 Field flashing In shunt-supplied excitation circuits (excitation transformer connected to the machine terminals), the machine does not usually have enough residual voltage for a machine voltage build-up via the converter. For this purpose, a field flashing circuit is provided. The field flashing circuit is activated as soon as the field breaker is closed and excitation switched on. If all conditions are fulfilled, the field flashing contactor (-K03) closes and the required initial field current starts flowing. If field flashing is not successful within a set time (10 s), the excitation will be tripped. The converter thyristors are fired at an input voltage of Uac = 10 V. The converter takes over the excitation control as soon as it conducts. The field flashing breaker opens as soon as the machine voltage reaches the set threshold value of 30 to 40 % of rated voltage. The diode bridge (-V03) prevents current from flowing back from the thyristor converter to the Aux. Power Sys (UPS) when the thyristor converters output voltage exceeds the field flashing voltage. The field flashing current (approx. 10...20 % of no-load excitation current) is set by means of the resistor (-R03).

3.1.2

Compounding option for indirect excitation A compounding circuit is provided if the excitation transformer is fed from the machine terminals and the excitation has to be maintained for a certain time in the event of transient events (e.g. short circuits or major load surges in the network) in order to allow selectivity of protection.

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8 Overview 3.1.2.1 3.1.2.2 Shunt supply with series compounding

A U X (U P S ).

-R 0 3

-G 1 0 -T 4 1 ,4 2 ,4 3 -V 0 4 -V 0 3

SM 3~
Fig. 4

-Q 0 2 EXC. -R 0 8 -R 0 2

-K 0 3

Shunt supply with series compounding

Series compounding is used in case the AUX. Power Sys. (UPS) voltage is not sufficient to supply the compounding current. The series compounding circuit has three power CTs at machine terminal which have the secondary fed to three single phase air gap transformers (current/voltage transformers T41,-T42,-T43). The air gap transformers (compounding transformers) are in three phase connection. They transform the machine current into a voltage. The secondaries of the air gap transformers are connected in series with the thyristor converter via the diode bridge (-V04). The excitation voltage is derived from the sum of the voltages of the thyristor converter (-G10) and the diode bridge (-V04). The special compounding transformers (-T41,-T42,-T43) have a low main reactance and a saturation characteristic calculated in such a way that the necessary excitation voltage required to sustain a certain machine current will be generated at the output of the diode bridge. The transformers are short-circuit-proof, so that no transformer fuses are required on the primary side. The maximum possible secondary voltage is limited by the saturation characteristic. No overvoltage protection is therefore required.

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9 Overview

Supply of control electronics

Two sources are provided for redundant supply: AC input of power converter AUX. Power Sys. (UPS) This supply philosophy ensures the availability of all control, protection and recording functions when the machine is at a standstill, during start-up or even in the case of transient events (e.g. short circuits). The AC input of the power converter is, in addition, connected to the Power Supply Unit UNS 0868 via a matching transformer (-T70) and is thus paralleled to the AUX. Power Sys. (UPS) as a back-up supply. T70 also performs the function of galvanic isolation between the AC supply and AUX. Power Sys. (UPS). The Power Supply Unit UNS 0868 has two voltage outputs 1. Voltage supply Udc = 24 V for control contact interrogation and 24 V consumers (e.g. transducers, bus coupler, etc.). It is used for the galvanic isolation and decoupling of the two voltage sources. This output is short-circuit-proof and, in dual channel versions, guarantees the redundancy of the two Udc = 24 V sources. Voltage supply Udc = 230 V for the internal power supply unit (POW-1).
E xcitation transform er C onverter

2.

-T 7 0

-Q 8 0

A ux.(U P S )

110...250 V D C 24 V D C galvanically isolated short-circuit proof

I/O UNS 0868 UNS 0868 UNS 4875 P O W -1 P O W -1

UNS 4875

S ingle channel D ual channel

- C om m on I/O - T ransducer - F ieldbus m odule etc

Fig. 5

Supply of the control electronics

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10 Overview

Excitation module
Each configuration consists of a common but flexible I/O System UNC 4866/8 with ACActual Value Measurement UNS 0862 and an I/O Interface UNS 0863, the UNITROL F converter module, Power Supply Unit UNS 0868 and the common Control Panel UNS 0874 for local operation, commissioning and maintenance. A PC can be temporarily connected for the use of CMT (Commissioning and Maintenance Tool). The UNITROL F converter module UNS 487x consists of: - Power interface board SDCS-PIN - Converter 6 pulse thyristor bridge - Control board SDCS-CON-2 - Communication interface board SDCS-COM-5 (optional for CMT) - Power supply unit SDCS-POW-1 - Signal Processing Device UNS 1860 - Diode Failure Monitoring UNS 0864 - Control Panel UNS 0874

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11 Overview 5.1 Type designation of converter modules U N S 4875 a V 2005-20110

0 1 2 3

= = = =

without fan A C -F an 50/60 H z redundant A C -F ans 50/60 H z D C -F an 24 V

0 = without E xtended I/O U N S 0867 1 = with E xtended I/O n U N S 0867 0 = without D iode F ailure M onitoring U N S 0864 1 = with D iode F ailure M onitoring U N S 0864 0 = without P S S S ignal T ransform er U N S 0869 1 = m it P S S S ignal T ransform er U N S 0869 0 = without C M T -C onnection C O M -1/5 1 = with C M T -C onnection C O M -1 2 = with C M T -C onnection C O M -5 005 T his num ber x10 = rated field current e.g. 005 = 50 A 0 = without power circuit 2 S upply voltage 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 = = = = = = = = = without power circuit to 200 V 220 - 300 V 380 - 400 V 415 - 500 V 525 - 600 V 660 - 690 V 700 - 790 V 800 - 1000 V

V a 5

V ersion (supply voltage, D C -C urrent) C hange index S upply source type 0 = D C or 16 - 600 H z (C hopper converter) 1 = without power circuit (with separate rectifier) 5 = 50 / 60 H z (4 or 6 pulse thyristor rectifier) 6 = 50 / 60 H z (T hree-phase power controller) 2 7 = 16 /3 ...400 H z (4 or 6 pulse thyristor rectifier) C onstruction U N IT R O L F with C O N -1 C onstruction U N IT R O L F with C O N -2 C onstruction C onstruction C onstruction C onstruction C1 / C5 C 2 / C 6 /C 7 C3 C4

86 87 4 5 6 7 S UN

S pecial construction U N IT R O L F am ily

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12 Overview

5.26

Signal interface
The basic interface consists of the AC-Actual Value Measurement UNS 0862, and I/O Interface UNS 0863, which are mounted on the common aluminium carrier UNC 4868 (800 mm systems). The whole unit is normally placed on the customers interface and can be connected directly to the control room.

6.1

Input/output expansion The number of inputs and outputs (both analogue and digital) are doubled through the additional installation of the Exctended I/O Card UNS 0867 on the basic board CON-2 and an additional I/O Interface UNS 0863.

6.1.2

Basic interface - dual channel AFT The basic interface for the dual channel system AFT contains the following modules with the corresponding signals (see also Overview Fig. 2): 1 AC-Actual Value Measurement UNS 0862 for machine current and voltage transformer signals. 1 additional AC-Actual Value Measurement UNS 0862 is used because two sets of machine current and voltage transformers are available. 1 common I/O Interface UNS 0863 is provided for the interfacing of analogue and control signals (see 6.1.1). This dual channel system has the following redundancy or double security: The analogue and digital outputs are processed by both channels (I and II). The values from the currently-active channel are output. Certain protection functions are triggered by both channels, both the active channel and the standby channel.

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13 Overview

Control panel
The local control panel, with 16 keys and a four-line LCD display, can perform the following functions: Local operation of the excitation system (e.g. ON / OFF, operating mode selection, reference setting etc.) Setting of parameters (e.g. set point values, gains, time constants etc.) Visualisation of values (e.g. actual values, parameter values etc.) Line 1 Lines 2...4 Status ( local, ON / OFF, set point, ... ) Freely-selectable signals (normally actual values, e.g. U MACH, I MACH, etc. )

Alarm- / fault indication

7.1

Panel link The Control Panel UNS 0874 is connected to the main control board of the excitation module via the panel bus. The panel bus, which is based on the standard RS 485, uses the Modbus protocol, with a baudrate of 9600 bit/s. Each device must have a unique ID number: ID=0, control panel ID=1, channel 1 ID=2, channel 2 The control panel acts as the bus master and must always be present.

7.2

Display The control panel has an LCD readout with four lines of 20 characters for displaying excitation functions, parameter selections and other excitation information. The default dialogue language on the display is English. German, French, Italian etc. can be selected. For further information, please refer to the documentation Functional Description Control Panel UNS 0874.

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14 Overview

Field de-excitation
If a malfunction occurs in the machine which is detected by a protective relay, in order to protect the machine the stored field energy must be dissipated quickly and safely. This is done by the converter, the field circuit-breaker and the field suppression resistor.

8.1.1

Field de-excitation variants Four different means of field suppression are used. These are selected with the parameter CB-CONFIG. 0 1 The field circuit-breaker is installed between the excitation transformer and the AC side of the converter. Field suppression takes place by means of the CROWBAR. The field circuit-breaker is installed between the DC side of the converter and the field. The field circuit-breaker does not feature a field discharge contact. Field suppression takes place by means of the CROWBAR. The field circuit-breaker is installed between the DC side of the converter and the field. The field circuit-breaker features one field discharge contact. Field suppression takes place via the field discharge contact. The CROWBAR is used as overvoltage protection. The field circuit-breaker is installed between the DC side of the converter and the field. The field circuit-breaker features one field discharge contact. Field suppression takes place via the field discharge contact. A MOX (overvoltage limiter) is used as overvoltage protection.

CB-config parameter

Normal STOP RELEASE FCB OFF=NO

Protective trip TRIP or normal STOP RELEASE FCB OFF=YES - Pulse blocking - Firing of the Crowbar (field suppression thyristor) - TRIP switch - Crowbar monitoring active - INV-mode - Firing of the Crowbar (field suppression thyristor) - TRIP switch - Crowbar monitoring active - INV-mode - TRIP switch - no Crowbar monitoring - INV-mode - TRIP switch

Behaviour after 60 sec.

0 AC side

INV-mode

1 DC side without field discharge contact 2 DC side with field discharge contact 3 without Crowbar

INV-mode

Pulse blocking

INV -mode

Pulse blocking Pulse blocking

INV -mode

3BHS117549 E81

15 Overview 8.2 ON (START), OFF (STOP) and protection logic

T rip by protection

E x citation O F F (S T O P )

E x citation O N (S T A R T )

U B A T T (+ )

+ 24 V D C U N S 0868 -K 01 -K 05 -Q 02 -K 02 -Q 02

E x citation m odule

R E LE A S E F C B O F F

C ontrol panel E x c. O N E x c. O F F

&
1

C ontrol logic

&
1

S R

ON OFF

I 0
O F F LIN E

FS ON FS OFF

&
1 1
60s
t

IN V E R T E R CTRL

1
C B -C O N F IG = A C -S ID E

S R

&

P U LS E B LO C K IN G

M onitoring, protection

C hannel O K (second channel if ex ists)

C hannel OK

OFF -K 02 -Q 02

ON -K 05 -K 01

CROW BAR

U B A T T (-)

Fig. 6

ON (START), OFF (STOP), protection logic

3BHS117549 E81