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HIGH VOLTAGE TECHNOLOGY DEPT OF HIGH VOLTAGE AND INSULATION ENG CHONGQING UNIVERSITY
Introduction to High Voltage Technology

Dr. Jian Li Dept. of High Voltage and Insulation Eng. Chongqing University
Lecture 0-1
1. Generation and transmission of electric energy

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Early electric power systems
The first public power station was put into service in 1882 in London.

To produce direct current at low voltage. Its service was limited to highly localized areas. Used mainly for electric lighting.
The first major AC power station was commissioned in 1890 at Deptford. To supply power over a distance of 28 miles. To produce alternative current at high voltage of 10 kV.
Two principle factors influences the development of power transmission networks.
To make full use of economic generation, transmission networks must be interconnected for pooling of generation in an integrated system. Bulk transfer over long distances.
Lecture 0-2

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Power transfer capability P of AC system is approximately considered as:
P=U2/Z where Z is the wave impedance of a transmission line and U is the operating voltage.
Power transfer capability of AC system and its relationships with operating voltage and transfer distance
U/ kV Z/ P/ MW Transfer distance / km 220 400 121 100-300 330 303 360 200-600 500 278 900 1000 around 750 256 2200 >1000 1000 250 4000 >1000
Lecture 0-3

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Power transfer capability P of a bipolar DC system is approximately considered as: P=2Ud Id where Ud is the operating voltage of one line and Id is the current flowing through the line.
Power transfer capability of bipolar DC system and its relationships with operating voltage
Ud / kV P/ MW Id / A 400 500~1000 600~1250 500 1000~3000 1000~3000 600 700 800 2500~4000 4000~6000 6000~9000 2100~3300 2150~4300 2800~5600
Lecture 0-4

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Major AC systems in chronological order of their installations
1890 1907 1912 1926 1936
10 kV 50 kV 110 kV 220 kV 287 kV
Deptford Stadtwerke Mnchen Lauchhammer - Riesa N. Pennsylvania Boulder Dam
1952 1959 1965 2003 2008
380 kV 525 kV 735 kV 500 kV 1000 kV
Harsprnget - Hallsberg USSR Manicouagan - Montreal Three Gorges (China) Jindongnan-Nanyang-Jingmen (China)
Lecture 0-5

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HVDC permits a higher power density as compared to AC transmission. HVDC provides an economic solution for interconnecting asynchronous AC systems (back-to-back installation). Major DC systems in chronological order of their installations
Lecture 0-6
2. Voltage Stresses
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Definition of High Voltage
The IEC and its national counterparts (IET, IEEE, VDE, etc.) define high voltage circuits as those with more than 1000 V for AC and at least 1500 V for DC. In electric power transmission engineering, high voltage is usually considered any voltage over approximately 35 kV. AC systems: High voltage levels: 35-220 kV Extra high voltage (EHV) levels: 330 kV and <1000 kV Ultra high voltage (UHV) levels: 1000 kV and above DC systems: HVDC levels: 600 kV and below UHVDC levels: above 600 kV
Lecture 0-7
2. Voltage Stresses
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Operating voltage
Normal operating voltage does not severely stress the power systems insulation. only in special circumstances, for example under pollution conditions, may operating voltages cause problems to external insulation. operating voltage determines the dimensions of the insulation which forms part of electrical equipment.
Overvoltages
Voltage stresses on power systems arise from various overvoltages. External overvoltages: associating with lightning strokes on lines Internal overvoltages: generated by changes in the operating conditions of systems, such as switching operation (switching overvoltage), faults on systems or fluctuations in loads (voltage rise and fluctuation overvoltage).
Lecture 0-8
3. Testing voltages
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It is necessary to test HV equipment during its development stage and prior to commissioning. The magnitude and type of test voltage varies with the rated voltage of a particular apparatus. Basic classification of testing voltages

Testing with power frequency voltages Testing with lightning impulse voltages Testing with switching impulse voltages Testing with DC voltages Testing with very low-frequency voltages
Lecture 0-9
4. Main contents of the course
High voltage engineering consists of generation, measurement, and control of high voltages, dielectric discharges and electrical insulation breakdown, overvoltages and their protection, and electrical insulation condition monitoring and diagnosis, et al.
Dielectrics and electrical insulation
Overvoltages and Insulation coordination in electric power systems
High voltage testing techniques
Lecture 0-10

Relationships
Reliable insulation is related to application of high voltage systems. Electrical insulation is the physical basis of high voltage engineering. Overvoltages may have much greater magnitudes than normal operating voltages. They do severely stress the power systems insulation.
Insulation
High voltage tests ensure high voltage system to be operated safely. HV Generation? HV measurement? HV testing? HV testing techniques
Lecture 0-11
Overvoltage

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Examples of HV equipment
Windings of a 220-kV transformer
Lecture 0-12

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750-kV transmission line
Lecture 0-13

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SF6 gas-insulated switchgear and substation

Lecture 0-14

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Oil-filled transformer
Lecture 0-15

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Metal oxide arresters

Lecture 0-16

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Testing transformer (left) and DC voltage generator (right)

Lecture 0-17

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Impulse voltage generator
Lecture 0-18

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Electrical insulation
Dielectrics or insulating material Properties and phenomenon of dielectrics in high fields. Insulation structures and electric field distribution How to design proper insulation structures to satisfy requirements of field distribution in or around HV equipment. Voltage stresses on electric insulation AC, DC, impulse, and combined voltages should be considered for insulation structure designing. Occurrence, development, propagation of overvoltages and their influence factors. Approaches to limit overvoltages on HV systems. Coordination of voltage stresses, insulation, and overvoltage protection devices.
Lecture 0-19
Overvoltages


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High voltage testing techniques
How to generate high voltage Economic and flexible HV testing equipment How to execute high voltage experiment HV testing programs and standards How to measure high voltage Measurement of High field, tiny quantity of parameters of HV equipment of systems, transient parameter measurement.
Lecture 0-20
5. Objectives of the course

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To master processes of breakdown of gases, liquids, and solids, and surface discharges. To understand usual approaches to improve dielectric strength. To master fundamentals and programs of routine preventive experiment for electric power system. To master approaches of AC, DC, and impulse voltage generation and measurements. To master mechanisms of overvoltage occurrences in electric power systems, and basic principles and application of main overvoltage protection devices.
Lecture 0-21
6. Textbook and References

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Textbook
2002 E. Kuffel, W. S. Zaengl, J. Kuffel, High Voltage Engineering: Fundamentals, Newnes, 2006
2003 2001 1998 2003 1988
Lecture 0-22
Main reference
Other references

Homework I
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Please write a paper with 3 or 4 pages to present Development of High Voltage Engineering
Lecture 0-23

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HIGH VOLTAGE TECHNOLOGY DEPT OF HIGH VOLTAGE AND INSULATION ENG CHONGQING UNIVERSITY

Introduction to High Voltage Technology

1. Generation and transmission of electric energy

Early electric power systems

Two principle factors influences the development of power transmission networks.

1. Generation and transmission of electric energy

Power transfer capability P of AC system is approximately considered as:

1. Generation and transmission of electric energy

1. Generation and transmission of electric energy

Major AC systems in chronological order of their installations

1890 1907 1912 1926 1936

10 kV 50 kV 110 kV 220 kV 287 kV

Deptford Stadtwerke Mnchen Lauchhammer - Riesa N. Pennsylvania Boulder Dam

1952 1959 1965 2003 2008

380 kV 525 kV 735 kV 500 kV 1000 kV

1. Generation and transmission of electric energy

Definition of High Voltage

4. Main contents of the course

Dielectrics and electrical insulation

Overvoltages and Insulation coordination in electric power systems

High voltage testing techniques

4. Main contents of the course

4. Main contents of the course

Windings of a 220-kV transformer

4. Main contents of the course

750-kV transmission line

4. Main contents of the course

SF6 gas-insulated switchgear and substation

4. Main contents of the course

4. Main contents of the course

Metal oxide arresters

4. Main contents of the course

Testing transformer (left) and DC voltage generator (right)

4. Main contents of the course

Impulse voltage generator

4. Main contents of the course

4. Main contents of the course

High voltage testing techniques

5. Objectives of the course

6. Textbook and References

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