Science Form 1

Unit 6 Sources of Energy

6/5/2009 SMKBPJ(A) yschow 1

 6.1

THE VARIOUS FORMS AND

SOURCES OF ENERGY

6/5/2009 SMKBPJ(A) yschow 2

 6.1 The Various Forms and Sources of Energy

Chemical energy Electrical energy Potential energy

Kinetic energy

Light energy Sound energy Heat energy Nuclear energy

6/5/2009 SMKBPJ(A) yschow 3
 Potential energy
• Potential energy is the stored energy of
position possessed by an object.

6/5/2009 SMKBPJ(A) yschow 4

 Chemical energy
• Chemical Energy is energy stored in the bonds
of atoms and molecules. It is the energy that
holds these particles together.
• Biomass, petroleum, natural gas, and propane
are examples of stored chemical energy.

6/5/2009 SMKBPJ(A) yschow 5

 Nuclear energy
• Nuclear energy is energy obtained from
the nucleus of some atoms.
Energy can be released from atoms
in two ways: nuclear fusion and
nuclear fission.

The fuel most widely used

by nuclear plants for
nuclear fission is uranium.
6/5/2009 SMKBPJ(A) yschow 6
 Nuclear plan

6/5/2009 SMKBPJ(A) yschow 7

 Kinetic energy
• Kinetic energy is motion of objects.
• Moving water and wind are good examples of
kinetic energy.

6/5/2009 SMKBPJ(A) yschow 8

 Heat Energy
• The Sun is the main source of heat energy.
• Heat energy flows from a region with a higher
temperature to a region with a lower temperature.
• When heat energy is supplied to matter, its temperature
rises.
• Examples:
i. Burning fuels
ii. Sunshine
iii. Volcanic explosions and hot springs
iv. Electrical heaters
v. Substances taking part in chemical reactions
6/5/2009 SMKBPJ(A) yschow 9
 Light Energy
• Light energy enables us to see things.
things
• The Sun is the main source of light energy and is also
known as solar energy.
• Examples:
i. A burning candle or firewood
ii. Lightning flashes
iii. Lighted filament bulbs or fluorescent lamps
iv. The combustion of magnesium in oxygen

6/5/2009 SMKBPJ(A) yschow 10

 Sound Energy
• Sound energy is produced by vibrations and moves
in the form of waves through air.
• Sound energy can be transferred through solids,
liquids and gases but cannot travel through a
vacuum.
• Examples:
i. Audio-visual aids and musical instruments
ii. A ticking clock
iii. A ringing bell.

6/5/2009 SMKBPJ(A) yschow 11

 Mechanical Energy
• Mechanical energy is the total of kinetic energy and
potential energy possessed by an object.
• Mechanical energy is produced by machines or bodies
changing their position.
• Examples:
i. a pendulum clock that oscillates
ii. the downward and upward movement of a boy's legs when
pedaling a bicycle
iii. the up and down movement of a see- saw
iv. the turning wheels of a vehicle
v. a rotating fan blade
6/5/2009 SMKBPJ(A) yschow 12
 Electrical Energy
• Electrical energy is the energy carried by electric current.
• A large amount of electrical energy can be produced by
generators and power plants.

• Examples:
i. A bicycle dynamo
ii. Solar cells and solar panels
iii. Generators in electric power stations
iv. Lightning
v. Batteries or dry cells
vi. Accumulators
6/5/2009 SMKBPJ(A) yschow 13
 Conservation of Energy
• Energy cannot be created
or destroyed.

• Energy can be transferred

from one form to another.

• Energy converters change

one form of energy into
another form.
6/5/2009 SMKBPJ(A) yschow 14
 The Various Sources of Energy

Solar Water Radioactive

Geothermal
Coal substances

Firewood

Natural gas
and
Wind petroleum
Waves Biomass
6/5/2009 SMKBPJ(A) yschow 15
 Fossil fuels
• Include coal, petroleum, natural gas.

6/5/2009 SMKBPJ(A) yschow 16

6/5/2009 SMKBPJ(A) yschow 17
 How Is Petroleum Used ?

6/5/2009 SMKBPJ(A) yschow 18

 Diesel
• Diesel can only be used in a diesel engine, a
type of internal combustion engine used in
many cars, boats, trucks, trains, buses, and
farm and construction vehicles.

6/5/2009 SMKBPJ(A) yschow 19

 Petrol (Gasoline)

• Uses as fuel for car engines.

6/5/2009 SMKBPJ(A) yschow 20

 Liquefied petroleum (LPG)

6/5/2009 SMKBPJ(A) yschow 21

 Coal -- a fossil fuel
What is coal ? Where do we use coal ?

Coal is a combustible black

or brownish-black
sedimentary rock composed
mostly of carbon and
hydrocarbons

6/5/2009 SMKBPJ(A) yschow 22

6/5/2009 SMKBPJ(A) yschow 23
 HOW COAL IS USED
• FOR ELECTRIC POWER
. Power plants burn coal to make steam. The steam
turns turbines which generate electricity.

• FOR MAKING STEEL

Coal is baked in hot furnaces to make coke , which is
used to smelt iron ore into iron needed for making
steel.

"Coke"
6/5/2009 is a solid carbon made from coal yschow
SMKBPJ(A) 24
 Radioactive substances
• Nuclear or radioactive substances such as uranium
and plutonium are used to produce nuclear energy.
• Nuclear energy is used for
i. generating electrical energy
ii. supplying energy for submarines and ships
iii. producing atomic or hydrogen bombs
iv. supplying energy for satellites, meteorological
stations and lighthouses

6/5/2009 SMKBPJ(A) yschow 25

 Geothermal source
• Geothermal energy is heat from within the
earth.
• We can use the steam and hot water
produced inside the earth to heat buildings or
generate electricity

6/5/2009 SMKBPJ(A) yschow 26

 Biomass fuels
• What is Biomass?
Biomass is organic
material made from
plants and animals.

• Methane is used as
fuel to heat water
and produce
electrical energy.

6/5/2009 SMKBPJ(A) yschow 27

 BIOMASS AS A TRANPSORTATION FUEL

6/5/2009 SMKBPJ(A) yschow 28

 Environmental Benefits (Biomass)
• No net increase in
atmospheric carbon
dioxide.

• restore and ensure soil

stability and health
along with minimizing
chemical residues and
habitat destruction.

6/5/2009 SMKBPJ(A) yschow 29

 Water (hydro)
• The kinetic energy of water can be used to
generate hydroelectric energy.
• The production and use of hydroelectric
energy does not pollute the environment

Hydroelectric Plant
6/5/2009 SMKBPJ(A) yschow 30
 Wind
• Wind energy is used for
i. pumping water from ponds
ii. moving sailing ships at sea
iii. turning wind turbines to generate
electrical energy
• It is also a non-polluting
energy because it does not
produce any green house
effect gases.
6/5/2009 SMKBPJ(A) yschow 31
 Parts of An Electric generating Windmill

6/5/2009 SMKBPJ(A) yschow 32

 Solar
• Solar Power is energy obtained by the sun in
the form of light.
• Solar energy is used for
i. heating water in homes
ii. producing electrical energy

Photovoltaic (PV devices) or “solar

cells” – change sunlight directly into
electricity
Solar panel
6/5/2009 SMKBPJ(A) yschow 33
 Solar energy can be collected by using
various devices:

Solar cells.
Used in calculators, watches and satellites.

Solar panels.
i. Absorb heat energy from the Sun.
ii. Used to heat the water under the panel.
iii. Usually found on rooftop.

Solar furnaces.
Generate electrical energy.
6/5/2009 SMKBPJ(A) yschow 34
 The major disadvantages of solar energy

• The amount of sunlight that arrives at the

earth's surface is not constant.. It depends on
location, time of day, time of year, and
weather conditions.

• Because the sun doesn't deliver that much

energy to any one place at any one time, a
large surface area is required to collect the
energy at a useful rate.
6/5/2009 SMKBPJ(A) yschow 35
 Wave
• Waves are caused by the wind blowing over
the surface of the ocean. Waves have
potential and kinetic energy.
• Waves can be used to generate electrical
energy through the movements of the floats
connected to the power station.

wave energy plants

6/5/2009 SMKBPJ(A) yschow 36
 Tides
Tides are caused by
the gravitational pull
of the moon and sun,
sun
and the rotation of
the earth.

There are two-way

systems that generate
electricity on both the
incoming and
outgoing tides.
6/5/2009 SMKBPJ(A) yschow 37
 Law of Conservation of Energy
• The law of conservation
of energy says that
energy is neither
created nor destroyed.
• When we use energy, it
doesn’t disappear.
• We change it from one
form of energy into
another.

6/5/2009 SMKBPJ(A) yschow 38

 Energy Efficiency
• Energy efficiency is the
amount of useful
energy you get from a
system.

6/5/2009 SMKBPJ(A) yschow 39

 6.2

RENEWABLE AND NON -

RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES

6/5/2009 SMKBPJ(A) yschow 40

 Nonrenewable and renewable energy
sources ?
Nonrenewable energy sources Renewable energy sources

• The sources of energy that • The sources of energy that

can be replenished after
• they have been used and
will never run out.
• Free and clean.
cannot be replenished
• after use.
• They are used up much
faster than they can be
replaced.

6/5/2009 SMKBPJ(A) yschow 41

 Renewable and Non-renewable Energy Sources

6/5/2009 SMKBPJ(A) yschow 42

 The need to conserve energy
• The supply of energy in the
form of fossil fuels is limited
and it will be completely used
up.
• Energy conservation is an
important part of lessening
climate change.
• Energy conservation facilitates
the replacement of non-
renewable resources with
renewable energy.

6/5/2009 SMKBPJ(A) yschow 43

 Efficient Use of Energy
• When a certain form of energy is used to do
work, not all that energy is changed to useful
energy.
• A certain part of the energy is usually wasted
as heat energy.
• The efficient use of energy is the fraction or
percentage of useful energy that does work.

6/5/2009 SMKBPJ(A) yschow 44

 Example:
• A bulb changes only 5% of the electrical
energy that is supplied to it to light energy.
95% of the electrical energy is lost as heat
energy.

Buy energy
efficient
Which do you use ? products.
6/5/2009 SMKBPJ(A) yschow 45
 Some effective ways to use energy efficiently:

1. Invest highly efficient equipment.

2. Construct buildings that use less energy.
3. Develop uses of alternative energy sources

6/5/2009 SMKBPJ(A) yschow 46

 1. Effective Insulation

2. High-Performance
Windows

3. Tight Construction
and ducts

4. Efficient Heating and

Cooling equipment

5. Lighting and Appliances

6/5/2009 SMKBPJ(A) yschow 47

 6.3

THE IMPORTANCE OF CONSERVING

ENERGY SOURCES

6/5/2009 SMKBPJ(A) yschow 48

 Use and Management of Energy Sources

• Energy sources are

utilised in various fields:
a. Transport
b. Development
c. Telecommunication
d. Agriculture
e. Industry

6/5/2009 SMKBPJ(A) yschow 49

• Energy sources must be conserved because
they are very important to us in our daily lives.

• Alternative sources of energy which are free,

should be used more often and more widely.

6/5/2009 SMKBPJ(A) yschow 50

• To conserve sources of firewood, trees must
be replanted to replace those that have been
cut down.

6/5/2009 SMKBPJ(A) yschow 51

 What Can I Do to Save Energy?
Energy conservation Energy efficiency
• Energy conservation is any • Energy efficiency is the use
behavior that results in the of technology that requires
use of less energy. Turning less energy to perform the
the lights off when you same function.
leave the room and
recycling aluminum cans are
both ways of conserving
energy.

6/5/2009 SMKBPJ(A) yschow 52

 How Can Recycling Save Energy?
• Recycling means to use something again.
• Newspapers can be used to make new
newspapers.
• Aluminum cans can be used to make new
aluminum cans.
• Glass jars can be used to make new glass jars.
• Recycling often saves energy and natural
resources through conservation.
6/5/2009 SMKBPJ(A) yschow 53