Water W t application li ti methods (Part II)

WRE I UNIT- VI

Prof P f S S JAHAGIRDAR BE (CIVIL), ME(ENV.),PhD(persuing) NK Orchid college of Engg Engg. and Tech Tech. , Solapur

Contents

y Drip irrigation y Sprinkler irrigation

1] Drip irrigation
yAlso known as trickle irrigation yDrip irrigation refers to

application li ti of f water t i in small ll quantity at the rate of mostly less than 12 Lit/hr as drops to the zone of f the h plants l through h ha network of plastic pipes fitted with emitters.

Components
i) HEAD EQUIPMENTS y a. Water source - Subsurface b f tank k y b. Pump - Suction, monoblock pump, delivery non return valve, gate valve y c. Filter Filt station t ti - Sand S d filter, filt screen filter, manifold and pressure gauge y d. Fertiliser application - Fertiliser tank and ventury assembly

ii) DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

y e. Conveyance line - Main line line, sub

main, laterals, minor tubes and end caps. y f. f D Drippers i - Pressure P corresponding di drippers. y g. Valves - Non-return valve (NRV), Ball valves Air release valve (ARV), valves, (ARV) flush valves y h. h Water meter - If f necessary

Sand filter

Types of Filters

SCREEN FILTER

Accessories

yMERITS y1. Increased water use efficiency y2. Better crop yield y3. 3 Uniform U if and db better tt quality lit of f

the crops p y4. Efficient and economic use or fertilizer through fertigation y5. Less L weed d growth th

y 6. Minimum damage to the soil

structure y7 7. Avoidance of leaf burn due to saline soil y 8. 8 Usage U i in undulating d l ti areas and dl less permeable soil p y 9. Labour saving y 10. High uniformity suitable for automization y 11. No over irrigation

y 11. Nutrients preservation p y12. No soil erosion y13. Suitable for any topography. y14. Increase in net irrigable area y15. Cultivation l of f cash h crops y16. 6 Variation V i ti in i application li ti

rate. rate

yDEMERITS y1. Clogging l i of fd drippers i y2. Chemical Ch i l precipitation i it ti y3. 3 Salt accumulation at wetting

front

1] Sprinkler irrigation
y In the sprinkler method of irrigation, irrigation

water is sprayed into the air and allowed ll d to fall f ll on the h ground d surface f somewhat resembling g rainfall. The spray is developed by the flow of water under pressure through small orifices or nozzles. The pressure is usually obtained by pumping.

y Advantages of sprinkler irrigation y Elimination of the channels for conveyance,

therefore no conveyance loss y Suitable to all types of soil except heavy clay y Suitable for irrigating crops where the plant population l ti per unit it area i is very hi high. h It i is most t suitable for oil seeds and vegetable crops y Water saving y Closer control of water application pp y convenient for giving light and frequent irrigation and y higher water application efficiency

y Increase in yield y Mobility of system y May also be used for undulating area y Saves land as no bunds etc. are required y Areas located at a higher elevation than

the source can be irrigated y Possibility of using soluble fertilizers and chemicals y Less problem of clogging of sprinkler nozzles due to sediment laden water

Traveling Volume Gun Sprinkler Irrigating from Lagoon g

Portable Solid Solid-Set Sprinkler System

Fairway Runoff Research Plots at OSU Turf Research Farm

SideSide -Roll Sprinkler Lateral in Peanuts

Center Pivot System with Spray Pad Sprinklers

Components
(i) A pump unit (ii) Tubings - main/ sub mains and l t l laterals (iii) ( ) Couplers p (iv) Sprinkler head ( ) Other (v) O h accessories i such h as valves, l bends, plugs and risers.

y Constraints in application of

sprinkler irrigation (Demerits) (i) ( ) Uneven water distribution due to high winds. (ii) E Evaporation ti l loss when h operating ti under high g temperatures. p (iii) Highly impermeable soils are not suitable. it bl (iv) Initial cost is high.

No wind

Elongated parallel pattern

(viii) More water requirement as compared d to drip d i irrigation. i i i (ix) High water pressure required in sprinkler (>2.5 2 kg/cm ). (x) Difficulty in irrigation during wind i d in i sprinkler i kl .

UNIVERSITY Q QUESTIONS

Write detailed note on drip irrigation. Also draw layout of drip irrigation system showing different components. (N 2008 Nov (Nov N 2007,8 2007 8 marks, k May M 2007 Nov N 2006 ,10 marks) Write detailed note on Sprinkler method of irrigation. Also draw layout of sprinkler irrigation system showing different components. (May 2006 ,8 marks) Draw and discuss layout of a drip irrigation system with its suitability. suitability (Nov 2009, 6 marks)

Discuss the drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation methods with their suitability. suitability (May 2009, 7 marks) Discuss the sprinkler irrigation system in details with layout, advantages, limitations and suitability. (M 2010, (May 2010 7 marks) k) Discuss the sprinkler p irrigation g system y in details with their advantages and disadvantages. disadvantages (Nov 2010, 8 marks)