Complexometric titration with EDTA

(wikipedia used in part)

EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, has four carboxyl groups and two amine groups that can act as electron pair donors, or Lewis bases. The ability of EDTA to potentially donate its six lone pairs of electrons for the formation of coordinate covalent bonds to metal cations makes EDTA a hexadentate ligand. However, in practice EDTA is usually only partially ionized, and thus forms fewer than six coordinate covalent bonds with metal cations. Disodium EDTA is commonly used to standardize aqueous solutions of transition metal cations. EDTA acts as a powerful ligand, capable of forming six coordinate covalent bonds to most M2+ metal cations, including calcium. The complex is octahedral in complex as you can see to the right --> The main reason that EDTA is used so extensively in the standardization of metal cation solutions is that the formation constant for most metal cation-EDTA complexes is very high, meaning that the equilibrium for the reaction: M2+ + H4Y <=> MH2Y + 2H+ lies far to the right. Carrying out the reaction in a basic buffer solution removes H+ as it is formed, which also favours the formation of the EDTA-metal cation complex reaction product. For most purposes it can be considered that the formation of the metal cation-EDTA complex goes to completion, and

this is chiefly why EDTA is used in titrations / standardizations of this type. To carry out metal cation titrations using EDTA, it is almost always necessary to use a complexometric indicator to determine when the end point has been reached. Common indicators are organic dyes such as Eriochrome Black T or Murexide. These dyes bind to the metal cations in solution to form coloured complexes. However, since EDTA binds to metal cations much more strongly than does the dye used as an indicator, the EDTA will displace the dye from the metal cations as it is added to the solution of analyte. A colour change in the solution being titrated indicates that all of the dye has been displaced from the metal cations in solution, and that the endpoint has been reached. Thus, the free indicator (rather than the metal complex) serves as the endpoint indicator. Multiple metal ions can be sequentially titrated by careful control of the pH.

EDTA Titration. This video demonstrates the titration of calcium with an EDTA titrant. The indicator used is another chelating agent, Eriochrome Black T. The color transition can be very difficult to see due to the very gradual change in colour of the indicator over the course of the titration.

Chelation Therapy using EDTA. Dangers of heavy metals to our health and the use of chelating compounds to help remove them. The following are mentioned here: edta heavy metal Removal

mercury detoxification aluminum detox lower blood pressure mercury lead aluminum arsenic cadmium uranium nickel heart attack stroke chelation therapy

Practical: Hardness of Water by EDTA Titration

Purposes
1. To determine the concentrations of Ca2+(aq) and Mg2+(aq) ions in a commercial sample of bottled mineral water. 2. To compare experimental results with the concentrations of the metal ions claimed by the manufacturer.

Introduction The ions involved in water hardness, i.e. Ca2+(aq) and Mg2+(aq), can be determined by titration with a chelating agent, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), usually in the form of disodium salt (H2Y2-). The titration reaction is: Ca2+(aq) + H2Y2-(aq) = CaY2-(aq) + 2H+(aq)

HOOC

COOH N CH2 CH2 N

OOC

COO

Add the 4 missing bonds from the N atoms!

EDTA (anionic form)

Eriochrome Black T is commonly used as indicator for the above titration. At pH 10, Ca2+(aq) ion first complexes with the indicator as CaIn+(aq) which is wine red. As the stronger ligand EDTA is added, the CaIn+(aq) complex is replaced by the CaY2-(aq) complex which is blue. The end point of the titration is indicated by a sharp colour change from wine red to blue.

Titration using Eriochrome Black T as indicator determines total hardness due to Ca2+(aq) and Mg2+(aq) ions. Hardness due to Ca2+(aq) ion is determined by a separate titration at a higher pH, by adding NaOH solution to precipitate Mg(OH)2(s), using hydroxynaphthol blue as indicator. Safety

Avoid skin contact with chemicals. Clothing contaminated with NaOH solution should be carefully removed. Spillage adhering to skin should be immediately washed with plenty of water. Materials and Apparatus

Safety. 50% w/v NaOH solution (50 g in 100 cm3 solution) CORROSIVE Eriochrome Black T indicator IRRITANT pH 10 NH3-NH4Cl buffer hydroxynaphthol blue indicator HARMFUL 0.01 M EDTA (disodium salt) commercial sample of bottled EYE PROTECTION mineral water apparatus required for MUST BE WORN titration 5 cm3 measuring cylinder

Experimental Procedures.
Part A: Determination of total hardness 1. Pipette 50 cm3 mineral water into a conical flask. 2. Add 2 cm3 buffer solution followed by 3 drops of Eriochrome Black T indicator solution. 3. Titrate with 0.01 M EDTA until the solution turns from wine red to sky blue with no hint of red (save the solution for colour comparison). 4. Repeat the titration to obtain two concordant results.

_______________________________________________________ _____________________ Part B: Determination of concentration of Ca2+(aq) ions 1. Pipette 50 cm3 of mineral water into a conical flask. 2. Add 30 drops of 50% w/v NaOH solution, swirl the solution and wait for a couple of minutes to completely precipitate the magnesium ions as Mg(OH)2(s). 3. Add a pinch of hydroxynaphthol blue (exact amount to be decided by the intensity of the resulting coloured solution) and titrate with 0.01 M EDTA until it changes to sky blue. (save the solution for colour comparison). 4. Repeat the titration to obtain two concordant results. _______________________________________________________ ____________________

Results
Part A: Determination of total hardness
Trial 1 2 3

Initial burette reading/cm3 Final burette reading/cm3 Volume used/cm3 Average volume of 0.01 M EDTA used/cm3 Part B: Determination of concentration of Ca2+(aq) ions
Trial 1 2 3

Initial burette reading/cm3 Final burette reading/cm3 Volume used/cm3 Average volume of 0.01 M EDTA used/cm3

Calculation
1. From the results in Part A, determine the total concentration of Ca2+(aq) and Mg2+(aq) ions in the mineral water sample in moldm-3. 2. From the results in Part B, determine the concentration of Ca2+(aq) ions in the mineral water sample in mgdm-3, or ppm. 3. Hence, calculate the concentration of Mg2+(aq) ions in the mineral water sample in mgdm-3 or ppm. Compare with the corresponding values displayed on the label of the bottle.

Discussion Questions
1. Why are two indicators used in the experiment? Can the first indicator be used for the second titration? 2. What are the limitations of the EDTA Titration in determining metal ion concentrations? 3. Comment on the pros and cons in drinking mineral water. Source: http://cd1.edb.hkedcity.net