The Craftsman - 1906 - 12 - December PDF

TIFFANY & CO.
Fifth Avenue and 37th Street, New York
New Blue Book

Now ready Tiffany 1907 Blue Book -Christmas Edition - No illustrations. 621 pages of concise descriptions and prices of Jewelry, Silverware, Watches, C I o c k s, Bronzes, Pottery, Glass and other articles suitable for Christmas gifts B I u e Book sent upon request
Christmas Gifts
Photographs or Cuts sent upon request
Ladies Gold Watches

Small open-face, l&karat-gold watches, suitable for young women $25, $35, $45, upward Small chronographs in 18-karat-gold cases for Trained Nurses $50
Mens Gold Watches

New model, open-face watches, in 18-karat-gold cases, adapted for young men - $60, $95, $100, upward Open-face, 18-karat-gold minute repeaters, $135 and $240
Ladies Diamond
Rings
$95, upward in $75, upward $50, $60, $50, Lc
Out-of-Town Service
Upon advice as to requirements a n d limit of price, Tiffany & Co. will send photographs, cuts or carefuldescriptions of what their stock affords
Solitaires $25, $50, $75, Solitaires with small diamonds embedded shank _ _ Two-stone diamond rings Three-stone diamond rings Five-stone half-hoop diamond rings -
Clocks
Best French eight-day movements, in gilt bronze and glass cases, Traveling Clocks - $12, $14, $20, $28 Mantel Clocks striking hours and half-hours on Cathedral gong $20, $35 and $55 Goods Sent on Approval
to any part of the United States, to persons known to the house or who will make themselves known by from reference any National Bank or responsible business house Tiffany & Co. are strictly retailers. They do not employ agents or sell theirwares through other dealers
Fork and Spoon Chests

Tiffany & Co.s copyrighted patterns of Sterling Silver Forks and Spoons. Prices include handsome, compact, hardwood chests, with lock and key 5 dozen sets $100 6 _ _ 6 $140 m 7 $175 _ 8 $250
to $200 to $250
to $300
to $350
Fifth AvenueNewYork
Tiffany & Co. always welcome a comparison of brices
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Pp jFratt~ OaIee $%leper

Witb an Introduction by I. STARKIE GARDNER Conraininp 214 illustrations A most valuablecollection of practicaldeairns auifablcfor all pmpx.ea. includingVenetia. lran Work.
ILLUSTRATED CATALCOUE FREE
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masters and old-time
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artists, in line, stipple and mezzotint

PRINTS
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engraving
AND HIS
and in C&w,)
and etching
SCHOOL
OLD ENGLISH
HISTORICAL AUTOGRAPH
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A Maid in Arcady
1 Ralph Henry Barbour
A new novel from the graceful pen of Ralph HenryBarhour,whose An Orchard Princess L and Kitty of the Roses were among the most popular Christmas hooks the years they were published. Elaborately illustrated in colors and tints by Frederic J. von Rapp. Small quarto. Decorated cover, in gold, with medallion, in a box, $2.00. BY -
The Best Art Periodical
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Knickerbocker Building, Cm. Fifth Ave. and 14th St.. New York Will txwply you with all personal referenceand clippingson mp mojed from all the papers and pericdiorls published here and
*he Adventures of Joujou

By Edith Macvane
The daintiest and most charming ear. Fifteen full-page illustrations and page decorations by E. S. Holloway. Ornamental cloth, in a box, $2.00. love-story of the in colors by Square octave
abroad. Our larnc staff of readers nn pnther for you more valuable material on my current subject than you can cet in a lifetime. TERMS 100 clippings, 250 clippings. S 5.00 12.00 500 clippings. 1000 clippings, $22.00 35.00
Send Stamp for OUT neat Desk Calendm
Frank Ver Beck
COPPERWORH
BY AUGUSTUS
FOR THE
The Happy-Go-Lucky
Translated from the German
F. ROSE
TEACHERS MANUAL ANI ART
By
Mrs.
A. L. Wister
A TEXT-BOOK STUDENTS IN
Sumptuously illustrated in colors and tints. Decor atively bound in cloth and enclosed in a box, $2.00.
ROSE has in this book specified an equip ment and suggested some of the uossibilitie of a course in copper work. An abundance c drawings and photographs of objects made b grammar and high school pupils. with description c plWXSS~S. Orderly in arrangement, clear in state ment, rich in illustration. 118 pp., 8; illustration!
R.
Ver Becks Book of Bear4 Wording by

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Eleven sheets Papers. (8 x 1x1 of material for outline coloring
BRUIN AT HIS BEST AND FUNNIEST

The illustrations number seventy-five, drawn by Frank Ver Beck. Some are in full colors, others in two colors, and some in tint. Bound in boards, with special cover design in colors, $1.50.
H&day History
Souvenirs,
Christmas Gifts, A beautiful packet.
Language ant Price 25 Centr

Old Japan 60 cent:
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The . .. 111
Craftsman
Just Out-You may call it the greatest romance in ten years
TheViper ofMilan
By MARJORIE BOWEN
a 1 The English press is hailing the arrival of a new genius in historical romance. With a unanimity that is inspiring, British critics pronounce The Viper of Milan the performThey are already classing Miss ance of a master hand. Bowen with the most brilliant romancers of our time. #L The ,Viper of Milan is singularly fascinating. There are no more striking and magnificently somber figures in history than those of some of the tyrants of mediaeval Italy ; and the last of the Viscontis, Gian Galeazzo Maria, Duke of Milan, is one Around this splendid tyrant the author has of the most dazzling among them. It palpitates with lifelove, war and written an exceptionally fine romance. adventure glow on every page. The Viper of Milan is magnificent.
Cloth, $I .50
Caybigan by James Hopper

Philippines, some of which have appeared in of personal, close-range observation. Intensely realistic, they have that rare quality of atmosphere which brings the scene vividly before the minds eye of the reader. One of the best books on the. Philippine people that have been written.-
McCZures. They are the result
Fifteen
admirable
tales
of the
Brooklyn Eagle.
One of the best volumes of short stories that have appeared in a long time. The tales probably present t& ps&;;;istic picture of the Philippine Islands and conditions that we have. . . Cloth, $1.50
The Complete Photographer

aThe most important book which has ever yet been published on the subject of photography. None can compare with it It is for the beginner in thoroughness. The illustrations - 59 and the expert. There are in half-tone -are superb. also 40 line cuts.
Cloth. 397 pp., postpuid, $3.67; net, $3.50
Queens of Old Spain

By MARTIN a R emarkable HUME portraits of brilliant feminine personalities, who have on occasion during the course Of four centuries, practically wielded the scepters of Spain. 4 Uniform with Mary, Queen of Scats.
Splendidly illustmted. pattpaid, $3.75; net, $3.50
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Kindly mentionThe Creftemea
iv
Conan Doyles
magnificent stov
Sir Nigel
A Newer Ivanhoe
a This tale of the days of chivalry will have an abiding place in English literature. AS
one of the masterpieces of its kind it will endure, thrilling with its knightly feats, touching with its gracious tenderness toward women. The author has reconstructed with masterly skill and vast learning the times of the Black Prince. N. Y. Mail.
a The White Companys predecessor. The story of Sir Nigel Lorings fiery Vividly youth, his chivalric training, his early combats on the field of honor, his love. realistic - Conan Doyles greatest work. Six illustrations by The Kinneys. $1.50
The Plow-Woman by Eleanor Gates

a A book that will come close to the heart of the women readers of America. Supremely heroic, a woman of glorious strength, physically and spiritually, the plow-woman is a beautiful conception. Typically American literature has received one of its most valuable additions in The Plow-Woman. -Brooklyn Eagle. Cloth. $150
George Ade In Pastures New

a George Ade, globe-trotter. His obin typical Chicago, on the servations, thousand and one incidents which accompanied his trip from London to the Pyramids. George Ades funniest book. For&jive illustrations. $1.25
EDEN PHILLPOTTS AND ARNOLD BENNETTS
Doubloons
a A sensational modern romance of buried treasure. Events move at high pressure, from London to the West Indies. This story of a quest for gold will set your pulses leaping. Cloth. $I .50
Chippinge Borough by Stanley J. Weyman

the author of The Long Night and A Gentleman of France @L In Chippinge, The scenes are English, and the period, 1832. enters a new fieldpolitics. His characters are drawn with the hand of a master and not one of them, not even the delightful heroine, is too bright and good for human natures daily food.
-N. Y. Times
Cloth. MCCLURE, PHILLIPS & CO.,
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Kiadly mentionThe Craftsman
Are
YOU
a HOMEMAKER?
The COLLECTORS MANUAL

By N. HUDSON MOORE
Author of The OLD CHINA BOOK, The LACE BOOK, Etc.
GUIDE for collectors and lovers of antiques. It covers concisely many topics, among them being, Old Glass, Brass and Copper; English Pottery and Porcelain: besides many items of furniture, beds, chairs, sideboards, tables, etc. It gives information by which the collector may select what is good, and points out the means of detecting the fraudulent. The illustrations are surprisingly numerous and fine, and have been made with ,great care from the best collections in this country and England. The last chapter opens a new field to the cc&&or, and covers the subject of *Cottage Ornaments, which has never been treated before. Cottage Ornaments, as Staffordshire figures were called by the trade, are small figures, of& of wellknown people, made of crude pot&y, gene&~ highly colored, and no% becoming so scarce as to command very high prices.
Many of the popular subjects are shown, and the names Besides of makers and other important details clearly given. its obvious value to collectors, this is a book which will interest and educate home-makers.
336 illustrations, cloth, large 4to, boxed, net $5.00; postpaid, $5.45.
gilt top,
Upon request we will send you a handsome 32-page Pamphlet Books of Special Interest to Home-Makers
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A.
STOKES
COMPANY,
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New
York
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The Craftmu
vi
NAPOLEONS
Apartment TWO REDUCED ILLUSTRATIONS FROM
DECORATIVE and PERIODS

BY
in
STYLES the HOME

CANDEE
HELEN
CHURCHILL
A careful study of the sequence of styles from antiquity, through the Renaissance, down to the present time; a valuable resume both for collectors and the makers of artistic homes. Among other matters is traced the derivation of the much-prized furniture styles of the early American colonists. ignorance of which causes much confusion and diversity of opinion. By studying the one hundred OT more blackNotable for the beauty of its illustrations. and-white engravings which illustrate the book one might, without even reading the text, get a very fair idea of the eharaeteristic style in furniture of the various ages and their evolution the remote . past to the present day.
number and
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from
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CHATS
By
on OLD PRINTS
ARTHUR HAYDEN I
CHATS
on COSTUMES
By G. W. RHEAD
Written to enable collectors and those interested in old prints to discriminate between the various styles of engravings. The book contains a glossary of technical terms, a bibliography, a full index and a table giving over 350 of the leading engravers who worked in England from the sixteenth to the nineteenth centuries.
The subject of dress is approached from the aesthetic standpoint. The book is in no sense technical ; and consists of an introduction, dealing with the subject in its general aspect, followed by a series of entertaining chats on the characteristic styles of dress of all ages and nations.
PerVolume, $2.00 net. Postpaid,$2.18
Each,
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Profusely
Illustrated.
By enclosing this coupon with a d-cent stamp, you will receive one of the four booklets which to select gifts. Please your choice.
from indicate
Interest for for Calendars Books
I.
Books II. iii.
of
Special
to and
Home-Makers of Books Pictures
A Budget Artistic IV.
of News
Lovers
New
Children Publishers York
FREDERICK 343
A. STOKES Fourth
COMPANY, New
Avenue,
Kindly memtion The vii
Craftsman
(HOW TO DO IT"BOOKSq
.T
_
HE large sale of PAUL N. HASLUCKSHow To Do It series has placed the stamp of approval on these valuable books. Every volume is a veritable gold mine of knowledge and up-to-date instruction for either the amateur or the advanced worker. If you aim at greater success i.1 your chosen line send to-day for one of these practical books. Strongly bound in cloth, size 4x 7 inches, 160 pages, including notes on Materials, Principles and Practice, Diagrams, Plates, and numerous other illustrations taken from working models. House Decoration. Upholstery. Basket Work. Mounting and Framing Pictures. Bookbinding. Glass Working. Wood Finishing. Leather Working. Bamboo Work. Clay Modeling and Plaster Casting. Dynamos and Electric Motors. Pianos: Their Construction. Decorative Designs of all Ages. Terra-Cotta Work. Glass Writing. Photography. Engraving Metals. Violins and other String Instruments. Bent Iron Work. Photographic Cameras and Accessories. The above are a few of the subjects represented among the 100 titles in our special low-priced editian, a full list of which will be sent on request. 50 cents per volume, postpaid.
NEW, THOROUGHLY PRACTICAL %OOKJ, and by far the most exhaustive works on the subjects hitherto produced.
THE HANDYMANS BOOK of Tools, Materials, and Processes Employed in Woodworking. Edited by PAUL N. HASLUCK. 760 double-column pages. Royal 8~0 (6a x 83, with 2,345 Illustrations and Working Drawings. Price $2.50. THE BO 3K OF PHOTOGRAPHY: Practical, Theoretic, and Applied. Edited by PAUL N. HASLUCK. With 48 full-page Plates and 1,000 Engravings and Working Drawings. Size 7 x 10 inches. Price $9.00. THE OLD ENGRAVERS OF ENGLAND in Their Relation to Contemporary Life and Art. By MALCOLMC. SALAMAN. With 48 full-page illustrations representing the leading English masters of engraving in line, mezzotint and stipple during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. $2.50. THE MacWHIRTER SKETCH BOOK. Being reproductions of a selection of sketches in color -and pencil from the Sketch Book of JOHN MACWHIRTER,R.A., designed to assist the student of Landscape Painting in Water Color. With 24 examples in color, many pencil sketches, and an introduction by Edwin Bale, R. I. $2.50. LANDSCAPE PAINTING IN OIL COLOUR. By ALFRED EAST, A.R.A., P.R.B.A. Mr. Easts position as one of the foremost of our painters of romantic landscape is so firmly established and widely recognized that anything he says on the subject is of value to the student. With reproductions in color, and black and white plates. $3.50, net. Among our Special Books of Interest to the Craftsman togday we take pleasure in announcing the and to all Workers of
PORCELAIN
AUSCHER (E. S.) formerly Chef de Fabrication at S&esFrench Porcelain. Translated and Edited by WM. BURTON. With 24 plates in colors, 48 plates in black and white, and numerous reproductions of the various Royal 8~0, cloth gilt, gilt top, $10.00 net. marks. Edition limited to 1,250 copies. BURTON (W., F.C.S.)English Earthenware and Stoneware. With 24 plates in colors, 54 plates in black and white, and numerous reproductions of the various marks. Royal 8~0, cloth gilt, gilt top, $10.00 net. This edition is limited to 1,450 copies.
SERIES.
SOLON ($1. L.)A History and Description of the Old French Faience. Containing 24 plates in color, full-size reproductions of marks, numerous illustrations in black and white, and prefaced by WM. BURTON, F.C.S. Royal 8~0, cloth gilt, gilt top, $10.00 net. This edition is limited to 1,200 copies. BURTON (W., F.C.&.)Porcelain. A Sketch of Its Nature, Art and Manufacture. Imitations and forgeries of the porcelains that commandhigh prices are only toorife,and thecollector will find much about forgeries in the volume that may save him annoyance and loss. With50plates. $2.5Onet.
A full list of our hundreds of Technical Soaks will be sent on request.
43 and 45 EAST
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NEW
YORK
Books YouWill Like toOwn

Famous American
By GUSTAV KOBB$
Songs
Printed from special type deAuthor of The Loves of Great Composers. With numerous illustrations. signs at the Merrymount Press. 12mo, cloth, $1.50, net. Limp leather, boxed, $2.50, net. [Postage 15 cents] This well-known musical critic presents an interesting account of our best beloved songs - Home, Sweet Home, Dixie, The Star Spangled These songs have become part of Banner, Yao-ee Doodle, and others. our national and home life; and every scrap of information about them deserves to be treasured.
Jona HOWARD PAYNE
Famous
Printed
Actor
Families
in Ame brie :a
By MONTROSE J. MOSES With 40 full-page illustratinns from rare portraits in two colors. 8~0, cloth, $2.00, net. and scenes, and new bibliography. [Postage 20 cents]
Illuminating chapters, by a brilliant dramatic critic, on the careers of the Booths, the Jeffersons, the Drews, the Sotberns, the Hollands, the Wallacks, the Boucicaults, and other noted families. The book is not alone of value to theatre-goers, but it is also a genuine contribution to literature, historic and critical.
EDWIN SEB POCKET EDITIONS OF ___ -BOOTH _ _
In Tune With the Infinite AND What All the Wor1d.s a-tieehng
By RALPH WALDO TRTNE These two famous Life Books, which have sold by the tens of thousands and been widely translated, are now offered in dainty pocket size. They are finely made throughout, and bound in Japanese style for $1.25 each, or in silk for the same price.
All ,
the Year Garden
in the
A KATCRE CALENDAR By ESTHER SIATSON

Specialtype designs 12ma. Cloth. $1.00. net. Limp leather. $1.50 net. [Postage 1Oc.l
r R.
W. TRINE
A delightful series of out door thoughtsfromgreat authorsarranged for each dav in the vear. The vogue . attrac---~A of nature books m&as . 6his mcxial decorative volume-done in __r__.-. tive type-particularly tin oely.
Crowells ThimPaper
Flexible leather binding. Photograbure frontispieces.
Poets
Each book, boxed, $1.25
A deciled novelty is this thin-paper edition of great poets. The books are clearly printed from large type on an opaque Bible paper which carries a firm impress and yet bulks only about one-third the thickness of ordinary books. These dainty little volumes are, in fact, only 43 x 7f inches, and half an inch thick. The list comprises the complete works of BURNS, KEATS, SCOTT and SHELIAY, and selections from R. BROWNING, LONGFELLOR~, TENNYSON and WHITTIER-each in single volumes.
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BOOK LIST
THOMAS
Y. CROWELL
&COMPANY,
426-8 W. Broadway, NEW YORK
Kindly
mention
The
Craftsman
ix
Lavatory A Snowy of Porcelain Enamel completes the comfort of your bedroom, and by eliminating the unsightly washstand adds a finished note of charm to its intimate beauty. It is pure white and sanitary -an aid to cleanliness - a preserver of health, and a source of unlimited satisfaction to the possessor.
Our Book. * MODERN BATHROOMS. shows many beautiful Lavatory d&ens suitable for bedrooms with prices in detail. It also tells you how to plan. buy and arrange your bathroom. and illustrates many beautiful and inexpensive as well as luxurious rooms, showing the cost of each fixture in detail. together with many hints on decoration. tiline. etc. It is the most complete and beautiful booklet ever issued on the for six cents postwe. and the name of your subject. and co&ins 100 paces. FREE plumber and architect (if selected). The ABOVE Co&u Lavatory. P/ale P503-B can be purchased from at a cost approximating $34.8X-not countine freight. labor or pipinz. any plumber
CAUTION: Everu piece of Sadd Wan bean out St&a+9 Green and Cold guarantee lobel. and has our trade-mar& .$tandw cosf on the outside. Unless the label and Refuse subsfitufes - fheu are all inferior frode.mark are on the firfure if is not .%Ma4 Wore. and uill cosf you more in fhe end. The word w is stomped on all our nick&d brass fiffinps ; specify fhem and see fhaf wu gel fhe genuine Irimmings wifh wur bofh and louaforu, etc.
Address
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Standard .SmitarglVfg.Co.
and Showrooms in New York
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The
Craftsman
THECRAFTSMAN
VOLUME XI
DECEMBER,
1906
NUMBER 3
The
Valkyr,
Stephan
Sinding
. Symbolized . .
. &ding
Frontispiece
276 288 294
Human
Illurtrated
!
Ilhtrated
Strength
and Purity A Tale
in the Art of Stephan . . .
By John Sparno By Maxim Gorky
Comrade An Undertow
Successful
to the Land
Efforts
to Make Possible
a Flow of the dity
Popuiation
By Florence Finch Kelb Countryward Annable Fanton
Illustrated
A Compulsory A Madrigal: Trend

The Niirnberg Ilhtrated
Christmas: Poem .
A Story . Feeling
. .
By Mary By Elizabeth
311
318 319 332
Roberts
MacDonald P&or
of Modern
German Exposition
in Art and Architecture

By Dr. Heinrich
Acadian Weavers of Louisiana . . Living and Weaving as They Did Centuries

Illustrated
.
Ago before Th;ir
By Campbell McLeod Exile from Canada .
Sixty Drinking
Fountains
for New
York
Provided by the Society Ilhtrated
for the Prevention
of Cr&lty to Animals
345
Wayfarer Soldiers
of Earth: Home
Poem
.
of Biildings
.
Planned
By Charles ass Whole By An&
G. D.
Roberts DonneLl
347 348
in Tennessee
Example of a G;oup Hamilton K.
A Noteworthy Illustrated
An Appeal Handicrafts
What
to Caesar: in the City.

Their Commercial
A Story .
Significance
. .
Is under
. .
Metropolitan
357 363
B~I Mary Conditions
Smkhovitch
Craftsman Home Al, Our The
House.
Series in Cabinet
of 1906: Work:
Number Twenty-first Notes .

Wall
XI
. of Series .
. . .
Cheap
. . .
. . Reviews
366 376
Ilhtrated
Training
Illustrated
ik Kan Home
An Eight
. Department
Hundred
.
Dollar Bungalow.
Japanese
Paper,
and Beautiful.
Open
Door
PUBLISHED
BY
GUSTAV
STICKLEY,
29
WEST
34~~
ST.,
NEW
YORK
25 Cents a Copy
Copyrichred.1906. by Cuatav Sucklcy
By the Year, $-?.OO

Entered June 6. 1906. at New York Cny. an acmnd-cl+a# puna
THE
Practical
JUST
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BOY
THE
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NEELY HALL and working drawings.
No work ofits class is so completely up-to-date or so worthy in point ofthoroughThe idea of economy is everywhere carried out, ness and avoidance of danger, teaching a valuable lesson and commending the work to parents who will mote willingly buy a book that does not suggest a constant future drain on the purse. COMPLETE CATALOGUE SENT FREE AT ALL BOOKSTORES
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THE
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CRAFTSMAN
HOME BUILDERS CLUB

HE CRAFTSMAN HOME BUILDERS CLUB includes all yearly subscribers. to THE CRAFTSMAN. To belong to it implies neither dues nor obligations of any sort-only the right to claim a benefit that we are glad to .share with those a interested in our work. Anyone who wishes may become a member simply by sending in a years subscription to the magazme, and all members are entitled free of charge to the full working plans and instructions for building, in the Craftsman style of construction, of any one of the Craftsman houses published in the magazine. We are glad to give this privilege because we believe so thoroughly in the CraftsIt is the result of long and careful study of the most practical methods man house. of planning, building, decorating, and furnishing houses that shall be permanently satisfying as homes, and its style is distinctly its own. With other styles .we have nothing.to do, but on the Craftsman style of building and furnishing we are the authority, and all our knowledge and experience is at the disposal of those who want to know what not to do as well as what to do in creating their home surroundings. Craftsman houses vary widely in size, style and price, but all are based upon the same fundamental principles of simplicity, .good construction, and such arrangement of interior space that the daily work of the household is simplified as much as possible. The interior is always so planned that the greatest amount of space and freedom is secured within a given area, and the structural features are especially designed to give such a sense cf completeness in themselves that the furnishings may be limited to what is actually required for daily use. One house, with perspective drawings of the exterior and parts of the interior, elevations, floor plans and full description, with suggestions for color scheme and furnishing, is published each month in THE CRAFTSMAN. Sometimes Craftsman cottages or bungalows are substituted or added, and the plans and instructions for these are given as they are for the regular houses of the series. The publication of the Craftsman houses began in January, rgo4, and there are twelve each year. Any member of The Home Builders Club may select any one he chooses of the enttre series and receive free the plans and instructions. In the event of the plan, chosen not bemg exactly suited to a given location or to individual needs any alteration of the Plan will be made in our drafting-room, if desired, at a reason: able charge.
Kindly mention The Craftsman xii
THE VALKYR STEPHAN SINDINC
THECRAFTSMAN
GUSTAV VOLUME STICKLEY, EDlTOR AND DECEMBER, 1906 XI PUBLISHER NUMBER 3 1 1
STRENGTH AND PURITY SYMHUMAN BOLIZED IN THE ART OF STEPHAN SINDING: BY JOHN SPARGO
LTHOUGH the beauty and significance of his work have long been recognized throughout Europe, Stephan Sinding, the RTorwegian sculptor, is practically unknown in America. There are, I believe, no important examples of his work in this country and his name is hardly known among us. Yet, as these illustrations attest, he is an artist of great genius, worthy to rank with Rodin, Meunier, Hildebrand, and other leaders in the world-circling Renaissance of plastic art, with whose names and achievements American students are more or less familiar. Stephan Sinding was born on the 4th day of August, 1846, at Drontheim, Norway, where his father held an important government position. Whatever artistic passion may have manifested itself during his boyhood seems to have been thoroughly repressed. He was educated for the Bar, and it was not until after his graduation from the law school in Christiania, in 1870, that he began the study of art. Abandoning Law in favor of Art, Sinding went, in his twenty-fifth year, to Berlin, where he received his first lessons in the studio of Albert Wolf. During the years spent in Berlin Sinding saw much of the best sculpture of modern Germany and Belgium, but did not receive from it much inspiration. Neither country seemed to have any special message for him, and his work is singularly free from visible traces of their influence. The great awakening of his genius, which stamped its character indelibly, came from France. After leaving Berlin he lived for a while in Paris, where he felt the inspiration of the new spirit of which Rodin is the great exemplar. Most of his work bears unmistakable signs of Rodins influence, yet having the distinction of marked individuality.
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But the French influence is modified by another, equally important. To the influence of Paris we must add that of Rome. The seven years, 1877-1884, were spent in Rome amid the greatest art treasures of the world. In the Sistine Chapel and the Museo Pio-Clementino, and other galleries of the Vatican Museum, Sindings genius matured. A profound reverence for the human form divine, a glorious sense of the pure beauty of the human body, developed in him. To the inspiration of Rodin must be added the inspiration of Michael Angelo. In Rome, Sinding produced his first work, the Barbarian Mother, a strong group which attracted great attention and gave the sculptor an assured place in the world of Art. The lithe, muscular mother carrying the lifeless form of her son from the battlefield, stoically calm in the presence of duty, is a remarkable work. Strangely enough, there is much less suggestion of French and the older Classical influences in it than in most of his later work. It is much more primitive in spirit. It is a sculptured ballad-a stone record of a folk-tradition. The Barbarian Mother is the only important work which Sinding produced in Rome. In 1883 he removed to Copenhagen, where he has since resided. So completely has he become identified with the Danish capital that the fact of his Norwegian birth is frequently forgotten and he is referred to as a native of Denmark. The total corpus of his work is not large but it has won for him greater fame than any artist in northern Europe enjoys outside of his own land. He is spoken of as the sculptors sculptor in much the same way as we habitually speak of Spenser and Keats as poets poets. OTH French and Classical influences are much more marked in the amorous groups, A Man and a Woman and Worship. No artist of our time has more frankly treated the sex relationship ; perhaps no artist since Michael Angelo has perceived and symbolized so well the Divine in human form. His figures, male and female, have that nobility and cleanliness which characterizes the thousands of nude figures of both sexes portrayed by the great Florentine with inspired brush and chisel. As the beholder of Michael Angelos wonderful portrayals of human beauty is inspired with a new sense of reverence for the human body, a reverence akin to that which inspired the great Christian to call it the Temple of the Holy Ghost, so
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Woful indeed must be the mind with Sindings frankest efforts. which receives any but ennobling impressions from them! The shame of human loveliness, the prurience which sees evil in its recognition and portrayal, is older than Cornstock. Pope Paul IVPaul the Prude-it will be remembered, saw shame and indecency in Angelos great fresco of the Last Judgment where others had seen only beauty and reverence for beauty, and hired vandal hands to veil with gaudy robes and rags the wondrous forms of the undraped Angels and Saints. These two works of Sinding, notwithstanding their entire freedom from any suggestion of base or licentious passion, have been denounced with Comstockian vehemence by a host of mudlings unable to understand the artists worship of beauty. Yet there is something very like worship of the body in Pauls repeated reference to it as the Temple of God and of the Holy Spirit. With Walt Whitman, Sinding believes that If anything is sacred, the human body is sacred. There is nothing impure in the man kneeling in adoration of the womans loveliness. The spirit of the man is truly devotional; there is no mockery in the title which the sculptor has given to it. One can almost imagine the man to be reverently repeating those lines from Michael Angelos fine sonnet: The soul imprisoned in her house of clay, Holpen by thee to God hath often soared: And tho the vulgar, vain, malignant horde Attribute what their grosser wills obey, Yet shall this fervent homage that I pay, This love, this faith, pure joys for us afford. Lo, all the lovely things we find on earth, Resemble for the soul that rightly sees That source of bliss which gave us birth: Nor have we first fruits or remembrances Of Heaven elsewhere . . . For the soul that rightly sees! In that one phrase the greatest poetartist the world has ever seen sums up the whole question of the fitness of the nude in art. Souls blackened and coarsened and dead to the sense of beauty, souls that have groveled so long in the mire with
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downcast eyes that the sweet sunlight blinds them-these do not, can not, rightly see. But so long as Art endures, so long, that is, as men and women look freely upon the stars and listen with joy to carolling birds in amorous song-so long as there are souls to rebel against what is ugly and impure, to welcome what is lovely and pure with eager hearts, Earth will not lack sons and daughters who will refuse to cover Beauty with rags of Shame-to whom a beautiful body will be sacred as the Temple of God. S BEAUTIFUL as it is daring in conception is The Captive Mother, one of the sculptors most striking creations. In it we have symbolized the whole tragedy of Womanhood and its supreme glory-Motherhood. Incomprehensibly stupid is the frequent description of this great work as the representation of a slave mother nursing her child. It is a symbolization of Woman, the Nourisher of the Race, bound and hampered in her noblest work by manifold limitations. Centuries of oppression and denial of freedom to develop limit and bind her. In the great Empire State of the greatest Republic in history, the purest woman is still politically on a level with the vilest criminal and the most driveling imbecile. Woman is bound to the mound of the debris of all the ages-the debris of false conventions, outworn lies, and useless labors. By a senseless servitude to useless things she is prevented from giving to her offspring the intelligent care which otherwise would be possible. By ties which bind her to false ideas of sex, a cruel and vain standard of sex ethics, she is doomed to nourish blindly and ignorantly the offspring which she as blindly and ignorantly bears. If but the ties might be sundered, if Womanhood unbound and free could but stand erect, how great a revolution there would be! If the countless useless things in the home, care for which enslaves the wife and mother by binding her to a ceaseless round of duties, could be swept away, does anybody doubt for a moment that the effect upon the children would be beneficent? Could we but see it, the movement for the simplification of life is, in its profoundest bearings, in the interest of the Race-Life-through the liberation of its nourisher to pursue her divinest task with wisdom and joy. And the breaking down of false conceptions of lifes innermost force, a franker recognition of the essential purity of sex, will as surely en280
THE BARBARIAN MOTHER STEPHAN SINDING
WORSHIP STRPHAN SINDINC
WIDOWED STEPHAN SINDING
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noble Motherhood and free it from the tragedy which now surrounds it. When women are no longer sent blindfolded into the maternal wilderness, when maternal functions are deliberately chosen with full knowledge of all their attendant responsibilities, Motherhood will be glorified as never before and the Superman will be born. Sindings masterpiece is indeed a glorious sermon in stone. Widowed deals with another phase of the tragedy of life. The young wife is holding up the body of her husband when the last vital spark expires. Her supple limbs and full, round breast tell with sufficient detail and emphasis the story of her bereavement, and there is upon the face of the dead husband an expression of tranquillity and peace which only a lovers presence could give. It is a simple motif, simply but strongly rendered. Full realization of her bereavement has not yet come to the young widow; for the moment she is looking anxiously for help. There is no exact English equivalent for Ye,wittwet, which is the title of this piece chosen by the sculptor. A fairly accurate translation of the term is The bereaved at the moment of the death of wife or husband. It is at the moment of her loss that Sinding has depicted the woman, the moment of calm before realization of her bereavement overwhelms her-before the floodgates of the soul open to a torrent of tears. In this brief sketch of Sindings work the aim has been to awaken interest in a sculptor of genius too little known by the great body of American lovers of the beautiful. The day cannot be far distant when the man and his work will be much more widely known and appreciated among us. America needs such influences as the simple truthfulness and beauty which Sindings work embodies.
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COMRADE ! -A
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BY MAXIM
GORKY
N THE town everything was strange and incomprehensible. Many churches lifted up their tall spires in brilliant array, but the walls and the chimneys of the factories towered still higher, and the cathedrals were lost amidst the magnificence of the merchant houses, lost in the silent labyrinth of the stone walls like adventurous flowers in the dust and decay of old ruins. And when the church bells rang out for prayer their metallic voices reverberated across the iron roofs and lost themselves mutely in the silent nooks and crannies of the houses below. The houses were gigantic and sometimes beautiful. The people were ugly and always looked poverty-stricken. From morning until evening, like gray mice they hurried to and fro along the narrow crooked streets of the town, looking with hungry, eager eyes for bread and for pleasure; while others, again, with hostile, suspicious looks, watched that the weak subjected themselves to the strong without protest. For to them the strong meant the rich. And they all believed that money alone gave men power and freedom. All struggled for power and might, for all were slaves. The luxury of the rich inflamed the envy and hatred of the poor. No one knew a tier music than the sound of clinking gold. Every one was the enemy of his neighbor-and the ruler of all was Cruelty. Sometimes the sun shone over the town, but the light in the streets was always gray, and the people resembled shadows. At night, there appeared many brilliant lights, and then hungry-looking women glided along the streets and sold their love for money. The odor of rich and savory foods filled the air, while out of the silent darkness of the night the mad eyes of the starving glittered eagerly, and above the noises of the town could be heard the low groaning of the unfortunate. All the people lived unhappily and restlessly, all were at enmity with one another, and all had guilty consciences. There were a few who believed that they were righteous, but these were cruel as wild beasts and were the most malicious of all. All wanted to live but none knew-none could understand how to follow the straight path of their wishes and desires. Every step into the future forced them involuntarily to turn back to the present, while the present held the people with the relentless grip of an insatiate monster whose embrace is death.
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Doubtful and intimidated, Man stood before this distorted picture of life which seemed to look into his heart with a thousand helpless and mournful eyes, as though pleading for something, and all the fair dreams of the future died within his soul. And the groans of his own helplessness were lost in the discordant cries of suffering and complaints from those who had been crushed by life. Always sad and restless, sometimes even terrible, like a prison shutting out the rays of the sun, stood that dark, melancholy town, in the midst pf whose repulsively regular masses of stone the church spires were lost. And the music of life was the suppressed shrieks of pain and fury, the low whispers of concealed hatred, the threatening cries of cruelty, and the wailing of the oppressed. N THE midst of this somber restlessness, of misfortune and pain, the terrible struggle between need and avarice, and the depths of miserable egotism, there walked unnoticed through underground passages in which poverty dwelt-that poverty which the riches of the town had created-a few lonely dreamers who believed in mankind, dreamers whose attitude was strange and distant to all, preachers of revolt, rebellious sparks from the distant fire of Truth. Secretly they carried into these underground passages fruit-bearing little seeds of a simple and great teaching. And sometimes with love, they sowed unnoticed the seeds of the clear burning Truth into the dark hearts of these human slaves, who, through the power of the avaricious and the will of the oppressors, had become blind and dumb instruments of good and gain. And these unenlightened, worn-out slaves listened doubtfully to the music of these new words, a music which their sick hearts had unconsciously long hoped for. Slowly they lifted up their heads and tore asunder the net of falsehoods with which they had been ensnared by their all-powerful and insatiable masters. Into their lives which were full of dull and suppressed hatred; into their hearts which were poisoned by many bitter insults; into their consciences which had been deadened by the many lies of their oppressors, and into their whole sad and dark existences, saturated with the bitterness of humiliations, one simple word shone out clearly: Comrade !
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The word was not new to them; they had heard it and had used it themselves ; until then, it had sounded as empty and meaningless as many other well-known useless words which one can forget without losing anything. Now it had quite a different sound. It rang out clear and strong; it was hard and brilliant, and finely polished like a diamond. They clung to it and made use of it cautiously and with care, nursing the sound in their souls tenderly as a mother nurses her new born babe. And the deeper that this word entered into their souls, the more full of light and meaning did it seem to them. Comrade, they said. And they felt that this word had come to unite mankind and to raise it to the heights of freedom, making the whole world kin by new bonds, the strong bonds of reciprocated respect, the respect for the freedom of man, for the sake of freedom. When the true meaning of this word entered into the souls of the slaves and the oppressed they ceased to be slaves and oppressed, and one day they announced to all the town and to all the men in power the great human cry : I will not ! Then life stood still, for they themselves were the moving power of life and no one else. Water ceased to flow; the light was extinguished; the town was hidden in darkness, and the strong became weak as children. Terror possessed the souls of the oppressors, and suffocating in the stench of their baseness they hid their anger against the revolters out of dread and fear of their strength. The phantom of hunger stood before them, and their children cried sadly in the darkness. The houses and churches, shrouded in blackness, resembled a chaotic mass of stone and iron. A threatening silence settled down on the streets. All life died out because the creative strength of the men slaves had awakened to consciousness, because it had found the unconquerable magic word of its will and had thrown off the yoke.
HESE days were days of fear for the strong-those who had till now considered themselves the masters of life-and each night was like a thousand nights, so dense and impenetrable was the darkness, so poor and so dimly did the lights of the dead town
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shine. And this monster, sprung up in the course of centuries, and nourished by the blood of the people, now seemed to them in all its repulsive ugly worthlessness, a miserable heap of stone, wood and iron. The closed windows of the houses looked coldly and gloomily into the True, streets. And there the real masters of life walked joyously. they were hungry-hungrier than the others, but hunger was not strange to them. Physical suffering was not so painful to them as the present suffering of the former masters of life. And it did not extinguish the fire in their souls. The consciousness of strength burned within them, and the presentiment of victory shone in their eyes. They went through the streets of the town, their dark and narrow prison where they had been treated with contempt, and where their souls had been bruised with bitter insults, and they saw the great significance of their work. And this realization led them to the consciousness of their sacred right-the right to be the masters, the lawgivers and the creators of life. Again the uniting word came to them with new power, with greater brilliancy, that life-giving word: Comrade ! In the midst of the false and misleading words of the present it seemed like a happy message for the future, like the tale of a new life which is for all alike, both far and near. They felt that it was within the power of their will to get nearer to freedom and that that approach could only be hindered through their own fault. The prostitute who, like a half-starved, intimidated animal, had the evening before waited on the street for some one to come and buy her reluctant embraces for a few coins-she, too, heard the word. At first she smiled; she was bewildered, and she did not dare to repeat it. Then a man approached her in a manner to which she had hitherto been unaccustomed. He laid his hand on her shoulder and spoke with a voice of a fellow being: Comrade ! And she laughed softly, and was embarrassed that she might not cry for joy. Moved by tenderness for the first time, this crushed heart was touched. Her eyes, which only yesterday had expressed impudent desire and had looked upon the world with a dull, brutish stare, were now filled with the tears of her first pure happiness. The happy feeling of kinship of the disinherited, and that they were a part of the large family of workers of the earth, shone in all
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the streets of the town. And the closed windows of the houses stared colder and more threateningly. The beggar, to whom a penny was thrown yesterday in order to get rid of him-a penny, that tribute of sympathy of the satisfiedhe, too, heard the word, and it was the first alms which awoke a feeling of gratitude in his poverty-stricken heart. A cab-driver, a good-natured fellow who had often received blows in order that he might strike the hungry tired horses in return-this man, who had become dull and stupid from the rattling of the wheels on the pavements, looked at a passerby and asked, with a broad grin: Will you have a ride-Comrade? He said it, and then seemed frightened. He gathered up his reins to drive away, looking at the other unable to conceal the smile which lighted up his broad red face. The passerby returned his friendly look, and answered, nodding to him: Thank you, Comrade, I havent far to go. Oh, mother dear! the cabman sang out happily, and jumping on his box, in a twinkling of an eye he drove away, merrily cracking his whip.
HE people gathered in close groups in the streets and like sparks from fire the word flies from one to the other-the word which was destined to unite the whole world. Comrades ! A very important and serious looking policeman, with a large moustache, came up to one of the crowds which had assembled at a street corner around an old man who was speaking. He listened, and said, considerately : You are not allowed to assemble in the street, please disperse, gentlemen. . . . He was silent for a moment, lowered his eyes to the ground, and added softly : Comrades ! The faces of those who carried the word in their hearts, who were ready to sacrifice themselves, and to whom the word meant unity, bore the proud consciousness of the strength of youthful creators, and it was clear that the power which they had put into this living word was irresistible, irrevocable and imperishable.
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But already a gray, blind mass of armed people were gathering to form silently into rank and file. These were the preparations of the oppressors to resist the mighty wave of justice which threatened to roll over them. But in the small narrow streets of the gigantic town, in the midst of the silent gloomy walls which had been erected by unknown hands, there grew and ripened the belief of man in the brotherhood of all. Comrade ! Sometimes here, sometimes there, a spark shot up, destined to grow to a great fire which will spread all over the earth a consciousness of the brotherhood of man. The whole earth will reach out for this fire, and in its flame all wickedness and hatred and all the cruelty which disfigures our life will burn to ashes. Our hearts will be touched by this fue and will melt together into a huge heart of the world-one heart. The hearts of all the sincere and noble minded will be bound together by truly indissoluble bonds of friendship to the great family of the free workers. In the streets of the dead city which had been built by slaves, in the streets of the city where cruelty had reigned, there grew and prospered the belief in mankind, the belief in its final victory over itself, and the victory over everything that is bad in the world. In this chaos of a restless, joyless existence there shone one bright light, a beacon tie of the future, that plain simple word as deep as a soul: Comrade !
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AN UNDERTOW TO THE LAND: SUCCESSFUL EFFORTS TO MAKE POSSIBLE A FLOW OF THE CITY POPULATION COUNTRYWARD: BY FLORENCE FINCH KELLY
HE old herbalists had a belief that wherever nature permitted a noxious thing to grow, nearby she always fostered its antidote. It was a wholesome faith and one which we of a later generation and a more skeptic thought might well transfer, for the ease of our souls, from the plant to the human world. For study of human life and human effort shows this thing to be true. Whenever the strivings of man breed evil results, out of the moil there springs an antidote, some effort of human revolt and human sympathy which tries to right the wrong. SO it is with regard to that drift of population into the cities which is one of the big problems of the time. The antidotal effort is young, and therefore it can not yet show large results. That is, they are not large when compared with the size of the evil which it combats. But it has life and vigor and wherever it has been tried it has proved successful. Stated broadly, it is an attempt to set flowing an undertow of population from the cities back to the land. It is astonishing, when you come to think of it, how militant is the good in man. Doubtless there is enough good in the world that is fairly spoiling for a fight to overcome all the evil, if it were properly organized and directed with farsighted intelligence. It is just this hatred of wrong and compassion for the unfortunate, organized and directed, that is making the effort to counteract the congestion of the cities. The waves of population that have flowed in upon the city levels have stayed there, stagnating and creating noisome conditions, mainly because they could not get away again. The surface waves, blown by winds of prosperity, might circulate back and forth. But for the depths there has been no possibility of movement. But now certain organized forces of good will toward man are trying to make it possible for some part of this prisoned population to flow back to the fields and farms. There are several of these forces, working separately and by widely different methods, but all toward the same end. The plans of the Salvation Army are perhaps the largest and most direct. Its idea of taking hard working but poverty stricken peopleout of the
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city and colonizing them at once on farms has proved feasible. Its two farm colonies in this country, Fort Romie in California and Fort Amity in Colorado, are the homes of several hundred thriving, contented and most grateful colonists. Fort Amity, the Colorado colony, on the line of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe railroad, a few miles from the Kansas line. was started in 1898 with fourteen families collected mainly in Chicago. There were a few farmers from neighboring states, who served as counsellors and pace-makers for the others. But with these three or four exceptions they were all city dwellers, accustomed only to the conditions of city life, although some had had experience upon farms in their youth. The Army bought one thousand seven hundred and sixty acres of land and sold this in twenty acre plots to the colonists, allowing each one, if he chose, to rent twenty acres more. It loaned them the money necessary to buy seeds, stock, implements, and material for their houses. The loans for live-stock and equipment were made payable in five equal annual instahnents with interest at six per cent. and were secured by chattel mortgages. Twelve years time at six per cent. was given on land and buildings. Water rights were deeded in perpetuity.
HE colonists represented all sorts of city labor. Nearly all were so poor, although they were of the sober and hard working sort, that the Army had to pay their fares and furnish them with food on the way. They welcomed with eagerness the opportunity of getting away from the city and making homes in the country. When Rider Haggard visited the colony last year, as Commissioner of the British Government, one after another told him-1 quote from his official report-that it had meant the possibility of making a home, of working out a future, of making a success of life. One of them said: I know that the cities are full of people who are just longing for such a chance as this to acquire a home. When they reached their new home they looked out over bare, untouched prairie, upon which not an acre of sod had ever been turned. Houses had to be built, sod broken, irrigating ditches constructed. Not until the second year was a crop grown, and in the meantime the Army had to advance the means of livelihood. A little later alkali developed and made necessary the putting in of an expensive system
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of tile drainage. But notwithstanding all these difficulties, the value of the land and improvements belonging to thirty-two heads of families eighteen months ago-the figures are the latest I could get and are those that were given to Rider Haggard and attested before a notary -amounted to $66,530;of live stock, $10,672;of farming implements, $17,692; the whole reaching a total of $94,894. Against this were liabilities, mainly to the Salvation Army, amounting to $68,734. The average equity-the amount of value remaining after subtracting the indebtedness-for these families was nearly twelve hundred dollars. But some had much more than this. One man reckoned himself worth six thousand dollars, another four thousand dollars, and still another had an equity of three thousand dollars. There must have been plenty of native force and good, strong fiber in these inexperienced city dwellers and their wives-clerks, mechanics, tailors, car conductors, laborers-to have made this fight with debt, sod and alkali and won such success. Later figures would doubtless show an even greater gain, for the colony has been very prosperous during the last two seasons. The land has doubled, and some of it trebled, in value, while on the town site, that for which the Army paid at the rate of twenty-five dollars per acre, it has sold at prices per lot that would amount to three thousand dollars per acre. The colonists grow fruits of half a dozen different kinds, canteloupes and other garden produce, alfalfa, sugar beets, which are the staple crop, and engage in dairying, hog raising and bee culture. There is a graded school in a good schoolhouse and a prosperous little town is growing up at the railroad station. A social spirit has developed of harmony, mutual kindliness and helpfulness that deeply impresses everyone who visits the colony. Staff-Captain French, of the Salvation Army, who has been closely connected with the colony from the start, said to me as he spoke enthusiastically of this matter: It is the most beautiful development of human nature I have ever seen. Their relations with the Army are purely of a business nature. No religious observances are imposed. The Fort Romie colony, located in the Salinas valley, one hundred and fifty miles south of San Francisco, was started in 1898 and for the first three years was a dismal failure. The land was not irrigated and a long drouth made the growing of any sort of crops impossible. The colonists returned to the city, and in 1901 the Salvation Army set
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irrigation works in operation, got together a new lot of people and .made a fresh start. With a sure supply of water the land is very fertile, and the second attempt has been entirely successful. The land was sold to them in twenty-acre plots at one hundred dollars per acre, to be paid for in twenty equal annual instalments, while stock and implements were to be paid for in five annual payments. When these colonists went on the land in 1901 they were nearly all practically destitute. Four years later their equities amounted to forty-one thousand dollars, an average for the twenty heads of families of more than two thousand dollars each. The land is now worth, with improvements, about three times what the Army paid for it. T IS the opinion of the Army officers who have carried on this work that such colonizing would be even more successful if done on land less high-priced, so that the colonists would not have to carry such heavy liabilities. They think also that the man without money makes a better colonist than the man with money. And they are quite convinced that previous agricultural experience is not necessary for the making of a successful colonist-farmer. They have been overwhelmed with applications from people anxious to join these colonies. But Fort Romie is full. At Fort Amity, people are taken from the waiting list as fast as the land is made ready for occupancy. If the Salvation Army had the land it could settle thousands of city workers. But the Army is now concentrating its energies upon a scheme of large proportions in which it has the co-operation of the British and the Canadian governments. From London and other large cities of England it has gathered up and sent over five shiploads of fifteen hundred souls each who have been settled in the Canadian Northwest. The coming spring will see twenty-five thousand more transferred. They are poverty-stricken but hard working men and women for whom life in England is absolutely hopeless of anything but a hand to mouth existence. The Canadian government has officially thanked the Salvation Army for the good citizens it has brought. Perhaps if the movement keeps on until England is drained of the best of her working blood she will finally discover the folly and viciousness of her land system and learn that disaster is bound to wait upon a nation which keeps its fertile acres for the growing of pheasants instead of men. Very recently the Army set in operation in this country a plan,
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worked out in conjunction with representative men from the South, of settling city families on southern farms. They will not be colonized, but will become tenant-farmers, with the expectation of acquiring their own holdings in time. The first families will be sent south in the latter part of the present winter. There will be no difficulty in finding plenty of people who are anxious to go, said Staff-Captain French, who is in charge of the enterprise. It wouldnt take a week to get together a thousand families who would make energetic, hardworking farmers, and who would be most grateful for the chance to get into the country where they could have the hope of making homes of their own. The Salvation Army accepts social and economic conditions as they are and aims only to ameliorate the results. But there are other forces at work in this effort to create an undertow back to the land that are endeavoring to strike more deeply. The idea of giving work to the unemployed by allowing them to cultivate idle land within a citys limits originated a dozen years ago with Mayor Pingree of Detroit. It was tried in a dozen or more other cities and proved practical and beneficent. But as the country recovered from the industrial depression of the early nineties, in one place after another the plan was dropped. In Philadelphia, however, it has had a rebirth. During its first phase it was merely a form of half charity in which the recipient was allowed to co-operate in his own relief, and its aim was temporary. When the scheme entered upon its second phase it had an idea for its inspiration, the idea of the single-tax economic philosophy, and its aim struck deep and its hopes looked far into the future. HE superintendent of the Philadelphia Vacant Lots Cultivation Association is Mr. R. F. Powell, an enthusiastic philanthropist, an enthusiastic gardener, and an enthusiastic single-taxer, who, notwithstanding these three enthusiasms, is also level headed and practical. He began nine years ago by putting a hundred families at work upon as many quarter-acre plots. Last summer he had nine hundred and fifty families cultivating nearly three hundred acres. The value of their produce amounted to more than fifty thousand dollars. The use of the vacant lots is given by the owners. A fund contributed by interested people furnishes the money necessary for the plowing and harrowing and the buying of seeds and
LAST YEAR THESE GIRLS PRODUCED OVER ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS WORTH OF VEGETABLES FROM THIS QUARTER OF AN ACRE COLONISTS HOME AND GARDEN AT FORT ROME, CALIFORNIA
A SALVATION ARMY COLONY WHICH HELPS TO MAKE THE CITY WOR LANDOWNERS A SCHOOL GARDEN FARMED BY A COLORED BOYS CLUB
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tools. Street sweepings are used as fertilizers. Seeds and plants are given to the gardeners. Tools are bought at wholesale and sold to them at cost. Each gardener is lord of his own small plot and does what he likes with his produce. The only conditions imposed are that he shall cultivate his allotment efficiently, shall respect the rights of his neighbor gardeners and shall behave himself properly while on the premises. If he fails in any one of these conditions he loses his right to his plot of ground. The first year fifteen per cent of the gardeners was dismissed. Last summer, out of nine hundred and fifty families only two were sent away. Mr. Powell aims to make this vacant lot cultivation, along with its immediate philanthropic purpose, a training school in truck gardening and modern intensive methods of agriculture, and he works constantly with the %nd in view of enabling the gardeners to support themselves in the country. Remarkable success has attended his efforts. Every year about ten per cent. of the cultivators drop off, like ripe fruit from the parent tree, and take root in the country for themselves. Some manage to buy a few, acres of land, others rent farms, and a good many obtain situations as workers or gardeners on country estates. It is to be especially noted that these offshoots, although by this time they amount to a very considerable number, have all prospered well in the country. None has returned to the city. They are striking deep root into the soil and making permanent homes under healthful conditions. Another result has been the formation of what Mr. Powell calls the Graduates Farm. Three or four years ago nine families who had been cultivating lots for several years decided that they were quite able to carry on the work by themselves. They rented a vacant tract of nine acres, within the city limits, at fifteen dollars per acre, divided it up among themselves and went to work without any help from the Association. More have joined them each season and last summer forty-two families cultivated twenty-four acres. They keep their produce for sale in a shed they have built on the land. They have also a horse and wagon, with which they deliver to customers and sell through the streets, while the children of the families have regular lines of buyers whose orders for the day they get in the morning, delivering the vegetables in baskets and baby carriages before noon. Last year they sold from nine acres of their ground five thousand dollars worth of
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produce. Indeed, so prosperous is the Graduates Farm that the owners of the land have raised the rent to twenty-five dollars per acre. The work of the Association is hampered constantly by lack of land and by insufficient funds to meet the expenses of rough cultivation. There is no scarcity of people. A long waiting list is carried from year to year of those who are anxious for the chance to cultivate a little plot of ground. Looking at this waiting list, as long as the moral law, Mr. Powell said mournfully : And yet I estimate-and I have done it very carefully and with ample allowance-that there are within the city limits of Philadelphia twenty thousand acres, at least one-fourth its area, of absolutely idle land! Mr. Powell can tell, by the hour, stories of these gardeners and of what the work has done for them-touching little human documents that go straight to the heart, so instinct are they with that basic desire of mans breast to get his feet on Gods ground, so full of eager effort and the gladness of success. The gardeners are always chosen from among those who are handicapped in one way or another for the fierce struggle of modern industrial life. For those who are in great immediate need of money, the superintendent reserves a certain portion of ground wherein he hires labor and pays for it each day at the rate of twelve and a half cents an hour. The accounts of this garden are kept separate, and so well does it pay that he finds he could give wages at the rate of forty cents per hour and still come out even. But the board of directors of the Association, prosperous, philanthropic business men, will not permit a wage higher than twelve and a half cents. It would make no end of trouble, they tell him, - If these people were to f%rdthey could earn as much money as that they would either leave the factories or demand as much pay there. Their naive view of the case is interesting. For it shows, with a brilliant inside light, just how business methods and business success can warp even a philanthropic mans ideas of the comparative rights of business and humanity. N ITS philanthropic side the Philadelphia Association for the Cultivation of Vacant Lots is doing a great and noble work. But the superintendent feels that, more important than this, and what is, indeed, its chief purpose, is the training it gives to the city bound poor for farm life and the opening it makes for them to leave the city and establish themselves in the country. And in addition to all
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this the hope burns brightly in Mr. Powells heart that the productive use to which he is allowed to put a small portion of the huge extent of idle land within the city limits, and the results he is able to show, will help to open peoples eyes to what he believes to be the root iniquity of our economic system-the iniquity of the Unearned Increment. The New York Association for the Cultivation of Vacant Lots, like that of Philadelphia, owes its inspiration to believers in the singletax. While it aims to produce beneficent immediate results it also looks toward the future, and the heart of its purpose is to accomplish something in getting the hard working poor of New York permanently out of the city and back on the soil. This has been the first year of its work and therefore it has mainly plans rather than results to show. The Astor estate donated the use of a farm of sixty acres, valued at $300,000, in the Bronx region, within the city limits. Only half of it is arable, and on these thirty acres a hundred families, aggregating five hundred souls, last summer cultivated little plots of garden vegetables. The first announcement in the early spring overwhelmed the Association with a tidal wave of applications. The superintendent, Mr. H. V. Bruce, told me that he had two thousand applications from people who were anxious to get the chance to work upon even such a little scrap of soil as these gardens would afford. To those who wanted it was given the opportunity of pitching tents in the wooded portion and on the pasture lots. Weve made a very good beginning, said Mr. Bruce, but we need more land. If I could get it I could use a thousand acres next year. But all this work is merely preliminary. What we are planning to do in time is to help these poverty bound people who want to have homes in the country to get their feet firmly on the land. We hope to be able to form a syndicate and buy a block of land which we will then lease in small holdings on long terms, with the option of purchase, to those whom we have already trained in modern methods of gardening and agriculture in our vacant lot gardens. The farmers would pay for their land and tools in a series of instalments, and we figure out that if we can get the money at a reasonable rate of interest the scheme will entirely pay for itself. The plan is modeled upon the method, which was described in the August number of THE CRAIFTSMAN, by which the New Zealand government has done its very remarkable work in putting people on the
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land and by which, alone of civilized nations, it has made its agricultural keep pace with its urban population. Single-taxers in Cincinnati are preparing to set in operation next spring a similar scheme of vacant-lot cultivation, having the same ends in view. Indeed, it is not too much to say that there is among the followers of Henry George a definite movement which aims to set going a flow of the under classes of the city into the country, making of vacant-lot cultivation at once a training-school and a starting point for this work and an object lesson for the general public. The school-garden movement, which gives to the children in city schools, especially to those in congested districts, a training in practical garden work, is another factor in the effort to produce a countryward drift of city population. It was started in this country fifteen years ago with the purpose merely of aiding in the general physical, mental and moral training of children. But as it has grown, its roots have struck deeper, and its leaders, seeing its possibilities, have begun to look far into the future. It is now carried on vigorously and successfully in thirty-five cities and many thousands of children are every year taught upon vacant lots the practical work of gardening by modern methods. To meet the increasing demand for teachers specially trained in school garden work, courses have been instituted in several normal schools and university summer schools. Philanthropic and educational bodies all over the country and state, and national departments of agriculture are interesting themselves in the work and co-operating with it, as do also the vacant lot cultivation associations, so that the. movement is developing and moving forward with great impetus. It is the belief of its leaders, of those who are directing its course and studying its effects, that it is bound to be an important factor in relieving the congestion of the cities. And the expectation that it will result in helping many of the children whom it has trained, when they come to shift for themselves, to exchange a city for a country life not only furnishes a part of the inspiration which carries the work along with such vigor but also gives direction to its methods.
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LONG with these organized forces of benevolence which, working separately, but all toward the same end, are making possible a return current of population from the city to the country, must be considered also that growing interest in country and suburban life
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and agricultural enterprise which is a marked feature of the last few years. For they all have a common root in a very general revolt against the unnatural conditions of city life. The abandoned farms of New England, which a quarter of a century ago were a source of national concern, are abandoned no longer. They have become the country homes of city folk who live on them all or a part of the time. When Professor L. H. Bailey lately asked nearly three hundred students in the Cornell College of Agriculture why they were preparing to take up farming as a vocation, he found that one-fourth of them were city or town-bred and that they were going to be farmers because they preferred the farmers to the city mans life. We have been and still are over anxious about our percentages of rural population and inclined to regard them as things apart rather than as the inevitable result of industrial conditions and methods. If those percentages are dwindling it is not because of any change in mans feeling toward the land but because of economic conditions and industrial tendencies. If we want to get the people back on the land it is necessary to change, not man, but the methods, conditions and rewards of his work. The balance of population waits on these things and will right itself when they are made to conform to mans welfare. And the final result will be a better state of affairs than if our country population had stayed in the country. For a constant flux of population is one of the distinctive features of our national life and we should accept it as an important and beneficent factor in our progress. Sentimentalists sometimes bewail that with us homes are not kept in the same family for generation after generation. But it is well for us that they are not. The incessant movement of our people from state to state and from country to town or city and back again has helped to give us our quickness of intellect, our resourcefulness, our adaptability to circumstances and whatever we possess of openness of mind and breadth of view; and more than any other agency, it has helped to keep down the lines of caste which, in a fixed population, are bound to appear and become more and more marked. It is a good thing that our country-bred youth does not always stay on the farm of his father. Somebody else, an immigrant, a farmer from another state, or a man from the city, will take it and carry on his work. And rotation of farmers is as good for the nation as rota309
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tion of crops is for the soil. Educational observers and thinkers are agreed upon the inestimable value in youthful training of the sort of life the farmers son leads-his companionship with nature, his knowledge of material things, his necessitated self-reliance, his manual dexterities. It is said that nine-tenths of our successful business men grew up in the country and of those who have been prominent in professional and public life fully as many spent their early years on the farm. Is it not much better for the general good that the farmers son should take his country trained mind and body into other activities and let the city bred mechanics or clerks or lawyers son have his chance on the farm? As long as the love of a fruitful earth and a free sky is a fundamental instinct in the human heart there is no danger that the land will be left without occupants, if man does not interfere with artificial conditions which make it impossible for those who would to use the land. The experience of those organizations which are striving to counteract in some measure the drift into the cities proves that the cities are full of people who, if they could, would gladly rush back to the land and that whenever the way is opened for them to go back they make efficient farmers. As things are now large masses of people who are longing to live upon the land can reach it only when helped by the hand, not of charity, but of benevolence. But the undertow has started and has proved its strength.
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A COMPULSORY CHRISTMAS-A MARY ANNABLE FANTON
STORY: BY
WIDE stretch of very white land, a wider sky-blue black, close to the ground-the sky gaudy with stars that peered and glimmered, with now and then one curving like a fine steel blade to earth. A windless night, the plains empty and silent, the prairie animals, great and small, hidden for shelter from the still intense cold. The plain like the palm of a mighty hand, the fingers spreading out into gray vanishing coolies at the foot of the grayer hills. In the hollow of the hand a low stockade with high gates barred insideno light and no sound of people or animals. Near the bank of the bare, frozen river the one glow of light; the one murmur, hushed and tense, of human voices. Close to the edge of the river a hundred or more tepees huddled together, the fires burning slow and reluctantly in the dead wind, the squaws and children long since under blankets and furs to forget the cold. Coyote dogs whined at the tepee flaps for shelter, or met in shivering groups and wailed out shrill protests to the sparkling sky. In the center of a bunch of tawny tepees, embroidered in porcupine quills or painted in gorgeous hues, a high pile of cottonwood logs flamed up into the shadows, prodded from time to time by a tall young Indian, stately and vivid in full war caparison. The flames cut a path of light through the night down to the door of the Great Chiefs tepee. By this yellow path Sitting Bull with war bonnet and cou stick, followed by his oldest fighting men, trod softly to the War Council. Already the Medicine Man was quietly circling the fire, chanting in monotonous tones his regret, suspicion and disappointment at the treachery of the White Mother at the little stockade. Hi-ya! Hi-ya! We believed her, droned the Medicine Man, rocking back and forth as he paced, and bowing his head until his war plumes trailed. Hi-ya! Hi-ya! We thought her heart good, sang the fighting men, their blankets thrown off, their bonnets streaming back-their voices growing keener and higher as the sense of their wrongs overwhelmed them. She saved our children-she doctored our women, but she has forgotten the word of truth and our hearts are on the ground.
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A steel wind crept down the river and up through the empty tree branches. It stirred the fire and the dry cottonwood logs flamed up in response. The Medicine Man lifted his tomtom high over his head, striking it an ugly blow, then dropping from the circle he flung himself on the ground and beat out with a wailing accompaniment the low sinister music of the Council call. The circle dropped instantly and silently to the ground, the women of the Chiefs family crept out from their blankets and clustered cross-legged near Sitting Bull. A child left alone in the night cried out. A line of starving wolf puppies stood, a black silhouette, at the rivers edge. All were to speak for or against the White Woman, wife of the Government Agent. The Chiefs wives were also to speak, for they had heard the story, they and their children. The youngest and favorite wife of the Great Chief spoke first: It was in the Spring she came with her little children. We women have never forgotten the first sight of the pure white child, Is-tah-toto. (The Blue-Eyed One.) The dark one was small and laughed much, but she was more like our own children. The Blue-Eyed was silent and she has worked great medicine for us. When she looked at Eo-win-chin, my Iron-Child, he was cured of the awful shaking, and Urn-ba-tu-yie had the dread disease in the eyes which the White Mother took away with a pure white water, and to us women she has given healing so often that we can not remember the times. She touches our wrists and looks into our eyes and knows all our sorrows. Sitting Bull looked troubled, for she spoke of his dearest children. The White Mother surely had the gift of healing. As for himself, the racking pain in his shoulder from the piercing arrow of White Dog-that, too, was gone. The tomtom sounded again, the Medicine Man spoke-the Council was called to remember lies, not to talk sentiment. The White Woman, droned out the Medicine Man, had told their wives and children that on a night like this, cold and white and starlight, the Great Father in the Happy Hunting Grounds beyond the stars would send His Agent with gifts for all who loved Him and obeyed His laws and believed in Him. The WuzLk-pm-nie from the skies would come, with bells ringing and horns blowing, bringing with him a truvoie laden with gifts, blankets, coffee, sweet food and strange toys for little children.
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Hi-ya! Hi-yu! it is not true, answered the fighting men, We are old, and the Heaven-Sent Wuuk-pam-nie has never appeared to us. We have worked well; we have fought well; our scalps are many and our wives and dogs are obedient, but no gifts have come to us. The White Mother says not the truth. They spoke with the bitterness of unrewarded virtue. But we women have found her good, and our children cling to her hands, and the Wuuk-punt-nie at Washington has sent us more blankets and food since she came; and the Blue-Eyed One-if her eyes are turned from us what would become of our children? For the pale white child was great medicine. The fighting men plucked uneasily at the feathers of their war bonnets. Sitting Bull saw their unrest, but he was a just man, even when he felt he had been treated unjustly, and he loved his children. Standing erect and looking straight at the favorite wife crouched at his feet, he proclaimed: Let the White Mother prove her word. The night of the coming of the Heaven-Sent Agent is yet five suns off. If on the fifth night he shall come with gifts for us, we will spare the wooden tepee yonder in the dark, and the White Mother shall stay among us, and her children shall be the friends of our children. If not . . . Before the Great Chief could finish his sentence, a cou stick was waved in the air by the wildest of the fighting men, and a new scalp floated from the top of the pole. The Chiefs wives covered their faces and moaned, and the tomtom sent out a call so fierce that it reached the people in the little wooden fort-the woman sewing by the fire and the children waiting at her knee to hear once more the story of the Christ Child. The Council fires burned low; the women crept back to their tepees and crawled under their blankets. Their babies were asleep, safely done up in their little cradle sacks, but the White Mothers childrenwho could tell? And if the Blue-Eyed were hurt, how could they guard their babies from her spirit ? They shivered and whispered soft incantations, and slept. The wolves came out from the gray hills and howled at the dying fire. The Medicine Man lifted up his voice and proclaimed: If the Heaven-Sent Agent come on the fifth night all shall be well. The Great Chief smoked and watched the tie die.
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HE Agents wife knew well the meaning of the war call of the tomtom. It was only back in the last Spring that this very band of Indians, Sitting Bull and his fighting men, had saved the fort from the Un-ku-pah-pah Sioux war party. She had lived through long terrible nights with that sound beating on her heart. The cause of it now she realized all too well. A few hours before, the Chinese cook, coming for breakfast provisions, had warned her of the state of affairs in the camp. They no likee Klismas. They no blieve. No talkee no moe; makee tlouble. Klismas for Melican man and Chinaman. No for Injun. Injun heap fool. At first the Agents wife had smiled at this fresh exhibition of race jealousy, but now she realized that in some unaccountable way she had offended her friends. She had banked too heavily on the aborigina1 imagination, and had passed its limits to meet fear, distrust, and the bitter prejudice of the unexplained. She put the children to bed, cuddling them a bit more than usual, adding a petition or two to her simple prayer, and then she called a War Council of her own, her husband, brother and the hunters and trading men at the fort. Whats up, Nani? (the childrens pet name for their mother) said the laughing college brother. You act like a great war chief, calling together a Council of your fighting men. Have you another proposal of marriage for the Blue-Eyed, or do you want a bigger Christmas tree? As usual, the college brother was ignored. First of all, said the Agents wife, smiling but a little, I want to know who will be Santa Claus. She was a practical New England woman, and intended to meet distrust with conviction. We will have a real Christmas this year, even here on the prairies, with Santa Claus at the chimney, and sleighbells and horns and presents for the camp. I have heard the call of the War Council, and intend to answer it in my own way. All right, Nani, agreed the brother. Well all help. Ill be Santa Claus, or the Three Wise Men, or the Star in the East, any old thing you like, but if I were you Id quiet down a little as a missionary, if we once get out of this with our scalps on. Then up spoke Rattler Joe. Yesm. Its all right, maam, in a first-class garrison with some blue-coats for periods, but at a doggone trading post youve got to missionize a leetle slow. Sarve the scriptur with rations and hand out a black plug with each precept; thats the
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best rule, maam. Them tomtoms dont sound none too good a night like this, with the closest blue-coat a hundred miles off. All they want, returned the undaunted Nani, is a real Christmas Eve, and they are going to have it. Ned will be Santa Claus, and Joe, you start to-morrow for Fort Benton and bring back all the sleigh-bells and horns and dolls and red and white candy you can find at the fort. You can make it in forty-eight hours. Take the Majors Wildfire and Fury and they will bring you back in time. I will keep the Indians quiet. If you will all mind, and do just what I say, I will take care of our scalps. Later that night, after the Major had helped Rattler Joe to plan out his trip to Fort Benton, he found that his wifes courage had ebbed a little, as she kneeled by her children to pray for them and for help to meet the great emergency that had come, because she wanted -O Lord, just to help make her Indians all good. She did not mean to have any harm come to any one, and surely not to her litt,le children. Thus Nani prayed intimately and with affection, as she felt. ITTING BULLS favorite wife was called into council the next day with the White Mother, and told that they must all prepare for the great Christmas Eve, to celebrate the birth of the Lords Son, and that the heavenly Wauk-pant&e would surely come on the fifth night if the Indians obeyed the White Mother, and made ready just as she directed; that any disobedience of her laws would account for the Heaven-Sent Agents not coming. It was no small task to play St. Nicholas for the families of over one hundred tepees. There must be blankets, and rations, and candy, and dolls. The trader was at his wits end to corral supplies enough, and the white children kept late hours popping corn and making candy by the bushel. Rattler Joe had driven off at daydawn after Nanis Council, over white prairies and across shining crusted hills, to Fort Benton for all the Christmas properties that belong to the Christmas Eve story. The morning of the fifth day Benton Hill was crowned with a heavy laden team, Joe driving furiously and assuring the squaws who had gone out to meet him that he had the Christmas mail from the East for the Agent and his family.
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At midnight the Indians were to assemble quietly as at a feast, not a war party. The first Chief would leave his tepee as the moon rose over Benton Hill, then they were to meet at the fort gate and listen to the Christmas songs. At the first sounds of a bell the heavenly Wauk-pamhe would be seen at the chimney with his truvoie. After a signal to greet him, the Indians were to go back to their tepees and remain indoors until sunrise, when they would find the Christmas gifts which had been promised them. It was a serious experiment. What if the whim should seize the Chief to investigate! What if a scout should be sent out and encounter Santa Claus as he mounted to the roof! What if one and all did not stay in their tents after midnight! All these thoughts Nani lived with from day to day, but she did not mention them. She just worked and played with her children. She made the Santa Claus costume for her brother, the paper cornucopias for the children; she taught the hunters and traders Christmas carols, and went out as usual into the camp, helping and healing where she could-a dauntless Nani who believed in action as she did in prayer. And after all the Lord must surely . understand what a difficulty she was in because of her too zealous work in His vineyard, and deep down in her heart she felt that no little of the responsibility was really His.
HE first Christmas Eve ever celebrated on that vast white plain was full of beauty and a certain high festivity. The fort was glowing with lights. Pitch torches sent up balls of fire at each corner of the stockade. There was a great camp fire just outside the gate, and lanterns (fashioned from pumpkins by the college brother), hung from poles on the pathway leading from the camp. As the fnst yellow edge of the moon came softly up to the hilltop the Indian chiefs rose from the camp fire, where they had been called to smoke the pipe of peace, and filed silently up the lighted path, headed by the Medicine Man and followed by all the women and children. The moon swung up into the sky as the White Mother, sitting by the camp fire with her childrens hands in hers, told again the story of the Christ Child and the symbol of gifts at Christmas time. She told it simply, in their own language, the few Sioux words she knew, with a trembling heart and a brave voice. Then the traders and
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hunters, led by Nanis beautiful contralto voice, sang of Peace on earth, good will to men. As the sound died out in the still night, the far-off music of sleigh bells came nearer and nearer with the whirring sound of a travoie dragging over crusted snow, then a swift confusion of many sleigh bells and the tooting of horns. The Great Chiefs wife pointed with trembling.hands to the bastion on the top of the fort. Instantly there was a clapping of hands and a great shout of Hi-@ Hi-ya! from the Indian men and women, for very close to the chimney stood the Heaven-Sent Wauk-punt-&, looking just as the White Mother had said, with long white beard and hair, a cap such as they had seen in her books, and on his back a sack full of white peoples toys. In the torchlight the children could see dolls of wax like the Blue-Eyed played with, and little wagons. There was silence, and another carol as Santa Claus dropped presents down the chimney reserved for him. Then, as he advanced along the roof toward the group, the awe-struck Indians retreated down the path to the tepees, and every tepee flap closed down until sunrise. ROTHER Ned had a busy night as the Celestial Agent, hastening on moccasined feet from tent to tent, with cornucopias, dolls, wagons, blankets and provisions, and then back to the fort to burn up the beard, dress and cap in the dying camp fire. A sleepless night for all the white people at the fort, for who could tell what the coming Christmas Day would bring forth-peace and good will or suspicion, gratitude or destruction. Before the moon grew gray and the night trailed away about it, the fort was up and dressed and ready for action-waiting. Would the Medicine Man call for war or peace? At daydawn the Great Chief and the Medicine Man and all the fighting men rose from their blankets and passed in single file from tepee to tepee to find that the White Woman had kept her promise for all, not merely for the chiefs and their families, but for every sick woman and every smallest child. It was all true-they had not been fooled. The White Woman had spoken words from the Great Father. Her heart was good, and all their hearts were full of joy and good will to her. The tomtom sounded the call for rejoicing. The mothers and children answered the call, rushing from the tepees and
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shouting Hi-yal Hi-y& The White Mothers medicine has lifted our hearts from the ground. She has saved us from doing wrong. And the White Mother lifted up her heart in prayer, and at last dared to weep a little and clutch her children very close to her, and had forget to be brave and smile. The Heaven-Sent Wuuk-punt-de brought them peace and life, but Death had been very near, and the memory of his presence was very terrifying. * * * I remember all this vividly, even now after so many years, for the White Mother was my own mother, and for weeks after the appearance of the Heavenly Wauk-pam-nie the Indians, man and woman, showered gifts of every description upon the Blue-Eyed One and myself.
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PRING went by with laughter Down the greening hills, Singing lyric snatches, Crowned with daffodils ; Now, by breath of roses AB the soft day closes, Know that Aprils promise June fulflls.
OUTH goes by with gladness Fairy woodlands through, Led by starry visions, Fed with honey-dew; Life, who dost forever Urge the high endeavor, Grant that all the dreaming Time brings true! -By Elizabeth Roberts
MacDonald.
TREND OF MODERN GERMAN FEELING IN ART AND ARCHITECTURE MADE EVIDENT BY THE NijRNBERG EXPOSITION: BY DR. HEINRICH PUDOR
as an educator of the public, lies chiefly in the fact that it fixes and places on record the general trend of feeling that finds expression in the art, architecture, and industrialism of the nation or the age. Viewed in this way, the Niirnberg Exposition is of even greater interest than the exposition lately held in Dresden, and of which a review was printed in THE CEAFCSMAN for October, for here the modern German feeling in art and architecture finds bolder and more untrammeled expression. The plan of the Niirnberg Exposition as a whole, and the design of the buildings, shows the really earnest striving after simplicity and solidity that marks so much of the new German architecture, and also shows just where the very earnestness of the effort to attain these qualities overshoots the mark and sometimes fails to produce the desired effect of strength and primitiveness. The Exposition is approached through a grove of birch trees and over a wide greensward, and the modesty of the entrance heightens the effect of the great square of buildings. For the first time in the development of a complete exposition plan, harmonious color effects have been considered, and Esthetic as well as architectural requirements have been well met. The green terraces set with red tables have for a background the quiet blue of the structural decorations, and form an interesting contrast to the pale surfaces of the buildings and the white of the lime-covered road. With regard to the architecture of the exposition buildings, Biedermeier is the presiding genius to an even greater extent than at Dresden, where his influence was apparent only in the structural features and decoration of the interior. The rhythmic quality is given by the placing of two striking observation towers in the German Empire style on one side, and the long stretch of the industrial structure on the other. Together with the main restaurant, which is constructed in the same Empire style, and which is situated between them, these towers may be pronounced the architectural success of the Exposition. The Industrial Arts Building represents a garden pavilion in the Bieder319
I3E significance of a big exposition, aside from its value
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meier style, and shows a distribution of spaces very advantageous for its purpose.- The, City of Niirnberg Building, from which so much had been expected, marks a distinct failure artistically, architecturally, and from the point of view of mere expositional decoration. It stands directly opposite the entrance and its shape suggests a riding school. Next to the Machinery Building it is the weakest spot in the Exposition. All the other structures, architecturally considered, are very successful, adequately fulfilling their purpose and satisfying from an artistic point of view.
HE Arts Building, in its severe simplicity and lack of decoration, contrasts strongly with the usual ornate design for such a building. . It is remarkable what an impression is produced by this renunciation of all ornament at an exposition where the decorative is expected. There are no moldings, no painting, outside of the limegray wash on the surfaces, no ornament of any kind. Mere masses and spaces are seen, most prominent among them a great central dome rising from a square turret. The corners of this central structure are dulled, and the dome itself runs from the four corners in straight lines to the middle line and there a stand is joined to it for a lantern wit,h a purely ornamental covering. The whole structure evidently is contrived to carry out the fundamental idea of utility. Similarly successful is the State of Bavaria Building. It shows the same lapidary style and utilitarian purpose, but finer architectural effects have not been neglected, especially in the main portal of the central structure. The court of columns on both sides of this is a morsel for architectonic voluptuaries ; such capitals, so striking, so logical, so artistically precise, are not looked for at an exposition. Toward the top the central structure narrows to a cupola-shaped dome which is profiled in graceful lines, and on the upper platform of which four figures stand in a close group, supporting the globe on their shoulders. The dome is painted a bright green in imitation of copper, as also are the roofs of this building, the City of Niirnberg Building, and the Arts Building. Purely architectural ornamentation is renounced in the Bavarian Building, but the surfaces are decorated with modern paintings. The weakest point in the architecture of the Exposition is, as already mentioned, the Machinery Building. From the beginning
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THE PALACE CHAMBER OF BAMBERG. DESIGNED BY FUCHSENBERGER. EXECUTED BY G. M. MtiLLER
From
the
N&nherg
Erjmsifion
METAL WORK FROM EBERRkH,
MUNICH
From
the
Nkcberg
Exposition
METAL WORK FROM EBEHBkH,
MUNICH
MODERN
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not much was expected from it in the way of beauty, but it was intended to express massiveness and durability. It was thought desirable that the roof should show heavy, awkward corners instead of graceful arches, in order to produce an effect of ponderousness and sobriety, but in fact the impression it gives is that of having been cut from pasteboard. There is an extended, projecting balcony with brick-covered roof and gallery, the motive of which seems to have been borrowed from the old town wall of Niirnberg, and which is about as appropriate to a modern exposition of machinery as a feudal fortress would be for a chrysanthemum show. Far more successful is the great Industrial Building with its imposing length and the two corner towers, which to a certain extent recall its prototype at the Chicago Exposition.
MONG the numerous minor structures of the Exposition the most interesting are the imitations of peasant homes. Perhaps the most noteworthy of these is the Weidenfels house, which contains four rooms completely furnished with products of domestic craftsmanship. The furniture is made in the local style of the peasants, etched and richly carved in flower designs, but showing no painting in colors. The first room has a decided artistic value, and is so distinctly modern in tone that it might just as well have been included in the Industrial Arts exhibition. The bedroom shows peasant furniture in the Biedermeier style. The modern paintings shown in the Arts Building are mostly rather mediocre in quality, but the historical art exhibition in the Niirnberg Building is very interesting. The value of this section might have been greatly increased by a larger exhibit either of original examples or of copies, for not only the connoisseurs and amateurs but visitors from all countries seek here for the objects of greatest interest. Most notable among the exhibits are the celebrated Niirnberg Madonna in wood and the great altar carved in wood by Veit Stoss, a remarkable group in bronze of Hercules grappling with AntEus, and an Apollo well of the year 1532. This is the work of Peter Vischer, characterizing the German Renaissance, and represents Apollo as a powerful youth in the act of shooting with the bow. It is a companion piece to Albrecht Diirers Hercules shooting at the Stymphalian birds.
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Very few examples of the Niirnberg industries are contained in the Industrial Arts exhibit. The Industrial Crafts Division of the Yerein Frauenwohl contains some interesting examples of manual work by women, but nothing that is important as indicating any marked progress. The contribution that is most significant of the present trend of German art as applied to interior decoration and furnishing is the Palace Chamber of Bamberg, designed by the royal architect Fuchsenberger and executed by the firm of G. M. Miiller, furniture makers of Bamberg. The Teutonic feeling is shown in the plain,,massive effects that might be primitive were there not a certain consciousness of effort toward primitiveness. In seeking a possible model for this work the only name that suggests itself is that of Peter Behrens, whose spirit permeates this place, although he is not represented at the Exposition. The Palace Chamber shows an application of the lapidary style to the craftsmans art. The table and chairs look as if they might have been carved out of dolomite stone, and everything shows heavy forms and straight lines and corners. The material used is a dark bluish-gray etched oak, with the profile of the etching streaked with a crimson border. From top to bottom the walls are inlaid with panels presenting an even proflle, and the paintings, the clock, and the closets are set in the walls, so that the style of decoration may justly be termed interior architecture. The chairs are covered with leather that harmonizes in tone with the wood and the only vestige of ornamentation is the mother-of-pearl inlaid here and there in the surfaces of the furniture. ETAL work has a strong representation in theIndustrial Arts division. A number of prominent metal workers from Munich and other cities have put in noteworthy exhibits of copper and wrought iron, and some beautiful examples of work in the latter metal are shown by Kirsch, of Munich, whose work rivals that of the Parisian Robert. Among the examples of bronze casting is a bridal cup with salver, the work of Fritz and Ferdinand von Mtiller, and the gift of the City of Munich on the occasion of the silver wedding of the Kaiser and Kaiserin. Although the goldsmiths of Munich have made a very showy and costly display, they can not he said to have attained a high level of craftsmanship. The best work in. this division, that of the atelier van Debschitx, can not however be included
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in this general criticism, for it shows the best craftsmanship this year has produced. These ornaments in bronze and silver can be compared only with those of Japan, such is the refinement of taste shown in their shaping, so triumphant the mastery over the materials, so finely felt is Nature and so happily reproduced in its essentials. This impression of beauty is produced by the form and workmanship of the pieces, rather than by the richness or originality of the ornamentation. The handiwork of women in the Debschitz atelier is among the best of its kind. In the examples shown at the Exposition there is a subtlety and delicacy of feeling and execution such as we are accustomed to f?nd only in the work of the Japanese. It is a distinct drawback that the exhibits in the State of Bavaria Building are of interest only to the specialist. One of the principal benefits of an exposition like this is its educative influence on the public. The three great instruments of modern times for the enlightenment of the people are travel, popular universities, and expositions, and of these three expositions are incomparably the cheapest. It should therefore be the aim of the management to interest the layman, and to assist him in forming a clear impression of the subject. In the Machinery Building, for instance, which is of special popular interest, the value of the exhibition would be materially increased if an explanation were attached to each machine and each motor, as is done in the Industrial Museum at Paris. An imposing show is made by the Bavarian, and especially the Niirnberg industrial exhibit, in which figure most prominently the ceramic industries, the wood and furniture industries, the textile industry, and the food industries. Some of the room furnishings here are of such merit that they well deserve a place in the Industrial Arts exhibits.. The ceramic industry everywhere shows great progress, partly due to the number of technical schools which are springing up in Bavaria in imitation of Austrian models. The best examples of this work are furnished by the Royal Ceramic School at Landshut. The exhibition of forestry, which has been left for final treatment, gives an excellent impression and is proving a strong attraction to the lay public. Happily, a steadily growing and deepening interest in forestry is evident among all classes of people in this country, and this exhibit bids fair to encourage greatly the general tendency to cherish and preserve the forests.
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THE ACADIANS OF LOUISIANA STILL LIVING AND WEAVING AS THEY DID CENTURIES AGO BEFORE THEIR EXILE FROM CANADA: BY CAMPBELL MACLEOD
HE path that leads to the heart of Acadia land in Louisiana is devious and scarcely discernible to the uninitiated. The most picturesque route, supposing one starts from New Orleans, is to go by rail to Morgan City. Take a boat there to New Iberia and catch the sleepy little train to Abbeville, where it is easy enough to find a boatman willing and waiting to pilot interested ones up Vermilion Bayou, the stream along the banks of which the exiles from Grand PrC settled. This ride up the Bayou, which is ideally beautiful, is a succession of quaint pictures. Moving scenes of such old time tableaux, that one wonders if after all it isnt a comic opera stream, with groups of seventeenth century peasants in effective milkmaid dresses. Along the banks, almost hidden in a swaying veil of gray moss which festoons the cypress and oaks that stand watching, are the homes of the Acadians or, as they are called locally, Cajuns. No particular type of architecture prevails. But most of the builders have preserved the primitive simplicity of Nova Scotia a century ago. Some of the cottages are pretty as pictures, but the average Cajun house consists of a one-room main part, with another room piled on top of this, which is reached by winding stairs that ascend on the outside. In many places the houses have been patched on until the effect is not unlike that of a squat little train, marked like Napoleon Jackson, for eternal rest. The term Acadian, or Cajun, is used to identify the descendants of the Nova Scotia wanderers, the theme of Longfellows poem. Those who know these people best will be the first to tell you that there are Cajuns and Cajuns. Many of the men who have made chapters in Louisianas history proudly trace their ancestry back to the exiled farmers of Grand Pre, and there are many descendants of these simple folk who preserve to a remarkable degree the primitive customs of the seventeenth century. They live as their forefathers lived. They can neither read nor write. They can not speak English. Their religion, which is Catholic, is the one tie that binds them to the folk of the
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bigger world. They make a superhuman effort to get to confession once a month, oftentimes driving fifty miles to the church. They are well called Acadians, for the lives they lead have the simplicity of the old shepherds of the hills. Imagine in this day and time a settlement of people, who, a hundred miles from a great city, preserve the pastoral peace and lack of progress that characterized their fathers. The occupation of these people is farming, but such antediluvian methods are employed that they scarcely get from this richest soil in the world daily bread. They have progressed so slowly as to have become a term of reproach to their modernized neighbors. It is this class of Cajuns which presents the most interesting type to the big world to-day. And it is the womankind of these households that are the salt of the race. They have lost none of their grandmothers thrift and homely virtues. The men have been more aggressive, through Saturday visits to le grocerie, in picking up shiftless habits and shirking their responsi; bilities generally. E WERE the invited guests to A diner des Acadiens, in the home of one of the most famous weavers of the beautiful Acadian goods. Madame Jules was our hostess and the whole family, from the oldest to the youngest, were waiting for us on the banks of the Bayou. The dwelling house proper sits half a mile back on a green rolling prairie. The path thither was dotted with sleek sheep, goats, cows and horses. The walk leading from Madames front gate into the house proper is a lily-bordered avenue, and the whiteness of the blossoms is reflected in the gleaming floors and galleries in the background. The Cajun housewife is first of all a home maker, and her housekeeping makes a visitor wonder if she ever has occasion to do any spring house cleaning at all. When you enter the front door of the Cajuns house you realize that here is hospitality even Arabian. Your hostess plants on your forehead a kiss and calls you Mon Amie. Not only are you her guest but her very dear friend. Indeed, one can find ones mind speculating on how lonely she must have been all these years separated from you! And is not this the perfection of graciousness? You dont know what the nectar of the gods is until you drink Cajun coffee. It is a brew that stimulates the imagination and
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quickens the brain. How they make it is another question. But what they make, is a drink that you will want to make a note of to take with you to Paradise-to leave your order for it instead of the sweet milk of Biblical promise. Caf6 noir is to the Cajun all that the cocktail is to the clubman-and those who have tested it can realize that, given the opportunities of gratification, this is a thirst that no mortal would pray to have taken from him. They serve this coffee in quantities just enough to tantalize you for more-about four tablespoonfuls in a cup bearing in gilt letters an appeal to Think of Me or Remember Me which is altogether unnecessary to one who has quaffed the magic brew. He will not forget! Just as you are beginning to grieve that the last drop is gone, dinner is announced. For the Cajun takes cufk noir before instead of after eating. The following menu is appended for those who have not been favored by an invitation to such a feast. MENU. Gumbo de crevisse. DU p&z muis. Cochon de kit. Ris Jambalaya. Potato S&de. Fricuaste Champignons. Kush-Kush. Canard Far& Luit. Ambrosia. It may be explained that the gumbo de crevisse is crawfish gumbo, one of the dishes for which the Cajun cooks of Louisiana are famous. Cochon de kit is a roast sucking pig, natural enough looking, as he was borne proudly aloft and deposited in the center of the table by our hostess, to walk off with the gleaming apple between his teeth. The jambaluya served with the pig was composed ofwhat? Truly one who had never tasted it before could not be expected to identify the ingredients. The foundation seemed to be rice flavored with all sorts of mysterious condiments and magical herbs, the whole colored brown and further enriched by the gravy from the pig. DIL pain muis is corn bread that makes you wonder how people could support bakers shops. Fricusste chumpignons is a most delectable dish, wild mushrooms, with a wonderful tan sauce
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poured over them. Kush-kush isnt a lullaby-even if it does sound like one, but a dish held in high regard by the Cajuns, who serve it in a dozen ways. The favorite method, however, is to eat it with syrup or with claye clabber. It is simply fried yellow hominy, but you would never identify it by the taste. The canard farci was glorified roast wild duck. The crowning joy of the feast-this was ambrosia-the most apparent-was the dessert, the Americaine recipe of which had been brought back from a visit to town. This was made of ancient shredded cocoanut, but not one could resist Madames beaming, prideful eye as she set it before us. Not to eat, and eat appreciatively of that imported delicacy, it was easy enough to perceive, would be a breach of etiquette hard to forgive. T WAS largely through the efforts of Miss Patte Gorham Weeks of New Iberia, La., that the Cajun women found a market for their handicraft. Miss Weeks has a heart that yearns to help her fellow-women, especially those poor creatures whom Fate has placed so far from Opportunitys door. Living as the Cajuns do in isolated places-twenty to fifty miles from the nearest town-it may readily be seen that without help the difficulties of getting the public interested would have been an impossible undertaking. In various hunting trips with her father, Miss Weeks as a child saw and knew these people. She won their contldence and love. As she grew older she saw with understanding eyes the burdens laid upon the women of the families. There was only one thing they could do superlatively well and that was to weave. And this art was fast dying out, being held in contempt by the younger generations. A plan finally suggested itself to Miss Weeks, and she proceeded to put it into operation. She visited all the homes accessible, and persuaded the housewives to let her see the handiwork of their grandmothers and great-grandmothers. Among these old spreads were some really wonderful designs and patterns. She argued with the daughters that weaving, if undertaken in the right spirit and as conscientiously as the older women had worked, might bring them in a comfortable income. After having persuaded the Cajuns to do the work, it was up to her to dispose of it. She proceeded to write to various arts and crafts guilds and to large department stores. It was necessary in these early days to
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do much writing to convince possible customers that the articles for sale were as represented. With each blanket and counterpane was sent a short history of the weaver and a picturesque description of the country in which she lived. Persistence finally won the battle, and now there is a wide and steadily increasing demand for the beautiful products of the Cajun womans loom. The handicrafts of the Acadians are comparatively unknown to even the Southerners. They are doing a number of beautiful things in the way of weaving, making rugs, baskets, and furniture. It is interesting to note in connection with the weaving done by these women that the cotton used is planted, plowed, hoed, and picked by them. It is then carded after the seeds have been taken from it by hand-the cotton gin as yet is not popular with this unprogressive people-and spun into thread which is then woven into Cajun cloth. The cotton used is of two kinds, the ordinary cotton of Southern fields and the nankeen, which is used undyed in the production of nankeen colored goods. Cajun homespun may be either wool or cotton or a mixture of both. The excellence of the cloth depends largely on the skill of the weaver. Of this cloth, the commonest known is the bluejeans and cottonade. There are several grades of cottonade. Next to this is a thicker cloth in brown or blue, known as homespun. In addition to these grades, the weavers turn out many different white stuffs, for sheets, coverlids, clothing and blankets. The designs are varied, those in the white being ribbed and cross-woven most effectively. Blankets woven of either wool or cotton have come to be recognized as among the most excellent articles turned out of these looms, and this is saying a good deal, since all the material woven by the Acadians is practically everlasting. The blankets are woven double width and sewed together. The favorite colors in the old days were the brown or nankeen colors. Next to these comet the blue, colored by indigo, which is planted, tended and converted by some secret process of the Cajun woman into a dye that never fades nor loses its original brightness. The different shades of blue that these artists evoke from a pot of this unsightly plant is really remarkable. They range from the most delicate baby blue on through the ciel shades to Delft and dark blue. Combined with white, these blues give most beautiful results. Many have found in the blankets and coverlids
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THE LIVES THEY LEAD HAVE THE SIMPLICITY OF TliE HILLS MADAME BICOU-BODREAUX, THE WEAVER OF EVANGELINE SPREADS
ACADIAN
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woven in the soft Cajun colors all the individuality of carvings and paintings. There are of course a number of other dyes-pinks, reds and the various store tints which the women have seen, admired and tried to copy. But none of these compares to the original Cajun colors. A brown dye is made from walnut leaves, and a very effective maroon red used to be made from the bark of the red oak tree, but this is fast dying out of the forests of the fair Opelousas, and nothing satisfactory has been discovered as a substitute. ADAME JULES pointed to a table overflowing with the work of her busy loom. Here the homespun in all its varied beauty was shown to an excellent advantage. In this grade, light enough for dresses, suits and general wear, all the delicate shades of cream, soft browns, blues and a wealth of the white in its natural shades were ready for the market. Some of the prettiest patterns were in Delft blue homespun and barred, loosely woven cream white. All shades ranging from the biscuit brown to the dark brown were shown. Aside from the beauty of the stuff, the sentiment back of it, the hand work, the patient labor of the women, who are in this way making their daily bread and supporting large families, all add a commercial value to the goods that the progressive spirit of more than one Northern promoter has been quick to perceive. In several instances, attempts have been made by firms of world wide advertisement to corner the output of the Cajun womans loom. But none of these has been successful. It is a pretty thought that interwoven with these goods is the story of the Acadian maiden who, whether a myth or not, has come to be to these people a creature not only of reality but in many cases a near and dear dead relation. They have immortalized her memory in Evangeline bedspreads, Evangeline rugs, and Evangeline port&es. The blankets are woven of wool or cotton and the colors employed are commonly called Evangeline colors, cream, pale blue, and white. They also make Evangeline baby blankets, which are smaller, fluffier and suggest embroidered forget-me-nots massed, so delicate and deep is the down and of such an ethereal shade. The Evangeline port&es are woven of pieces of silk in the colors suggested, and show surprising originality and beauty. The same
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material by the yard may be employed in place of burlap on walls, for upholstering and couch covers. The Cajun woman will weave for a trifle these port&es if the silk is sent to her, cut in narrow strips They also weave Memory portieres or and sewed together. Friendship portieres which they prettily call port&es de8 amis. These are made of scraps of silk that are supposed to come freighted with tender associations. One of the novelties that Madame Jules has put upon the market is an automobile blanket. This is woven in color and design to suit the customer. One could hardly think of anything more at variance than an Acadian woman weaving an automobile blanket. Another art that these women have at their finger tips is rug making. The rugs are made of rags plaited and sewed together in many odd designs and pretty shapes. On the snow white floors they are most effective. Here and there over Madames house were scat, tered stands made by the men, placed on the rugs and on these in turn were the flowers Cajun women must have. The men should have their share of praise. They dont do much, but semi-occasionally they have energetic spells in which they make beautiful hickory chairs, with white oak split, or hide, bottoms, bleached from their own cattle. Not a screw or nail is used in fashioning these chairs. From the great gourds, that grow about every Cajun home, the men whittle baskets that are cut and laced up with thongs of leather. These are used to keep the provisions in.
NUMBER of beautiful baskets were shown us. They were woven of willow splits and rush grasses. In the old days a favorite diversion was the plaiting of hats from the long rush grasses. These were not unlike the Panamas of to-day. The furniture in Madames house was simple and elegant enough to delight an artist. The rooms, all of which were thrown open for inspection, were characterized by a nun-like lack of ornament. The beds were walnut four posters, the armoires, of the same wood, some over a hundred years old. On the quaint bureaus, instead of the usual implements of feminine vanity, invariably stood a crucifix, a statue of the Blessed Virgin, and always the rosary. The whole family busied itself to get the various implements of work out on the gallery to have the pictures taken. Madames an-
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cient loom, over an ell in width, was of course stationary, but the various spinning wheels, carding boards, reels, and the dozens of different stands to hold the thread, the cloth and the crude cotton were arranged by the interested family themselves. Four generations of weavers grouped themselves about the homely distaff and spindle. Madame herself, then came grandmere, who in turn gave everybody to understand that la vielle (the old one) must not be left out. La vielle was her mother. Madames daughter, a comparatively young woman, came in to complete the four generations. When the group was finally arranged the gallery presented a pretty picture. There was la vielle, the wrinkled crone, huddled crooning to her wheel, then came grandmere, looking about the same age-a hundred or so-then Madame Jules offset by her blooming daughter. These women marry when they are mere girls, and by the time they are twenty-five or thirty they are the worn out, withered mothers of ten or twelve children. The children, so insidious is the modern smartness, scorn the simple tasks of their forefathers. The girls dont like the Cajun homespun dresses; they much prefer the store calicoes and cheap challies. On the meres, the grandmeres, and Here inZes veilles the task of supporting the large families rests. deed is the affection that hopes and endures and is patient. One instinctively wonders if it ever occurs to these women, wives of the shiftless men and mothers of the more shiftless daughters and sons, how pathetic is their lot, how hopeless their lives. What do they think of as they sit patiently through the long days weaving the goods that perhaps they will not be able to dispose of, so cheap has commerce made other stuffs that serve the same purpose.
HE description of the Acadians and their lives would be incomplete without a thumbnail sketch of Madame Bicou-Bodreaux, the weaver of Evangeline bedspreads. She lives in a cottage the prototype of the Anne Hathaway abode that prosperous friends send back to you postmarked Stratford-on-Avon. To reach this retreat requires much patience and the unerring instinct of a carrier pigeon. For it sits far back from the Cherokee rose hedges that line the road going to Joe Jeffersons old island home. To reach it, you travel interminable miles over plowed cane fields and through endless gates. Stevensons cheerful remark that it is better to travel hope341
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fully than to arrive might be called forth by some of the pilgrimages that we made to the Acadian homes, but not to this one. Peaceful and pretty, cool and enticing, it swam into the line of vision just when we were giving up in despair. The object of our visit was explained and the much desired spreads cheerfully exhibited. These Evangeline spreads are woven in white, blue, or in the two colors, the preferred pattern being white blocked off with Delft blue, the whole finished by a fall of hand-made lace, knitted with the mingled threads. It is interesting to note that. the housewives do the weaving, but only the grandmeres and Zes veilles-they are in every family-make the lace. They knit in the long winter evenings, and a Cajun woman never takes up lace-making until she joins the great-grandmothers ranks. With the spreads is sometimes made a smaller piece, also finished with the lace, for a bolster-cover. Madame Bicou opened an ancient press to display the various patterns on which she prides herself. Here, she explained, were several in which she had revived a certain ridged effect found in the counterpanes over a hundred years old, but which had in later years not found favor with the Acadian housewife. Her workroom is in the attic, and thither she led the way. Hidden under cobwebs and dust was all the old family furniture, discarded with the new prosperity to make room for red plush and imitation oak. Madames loom occupied nearly the entire room. This loom had been in her family for five generations. In addition she showed reels and cards, distaffs and spinning wheels; the most recent of these looked as if they might have been used by ancient Roman matrons. Downstairs, after we had rested and been refreshed with more Cajun coffee, Madame led us into her garden. Madame Bicou at her loom is an interesting and quaint figure, but Madame Bicou among her old-fashioned, grand-duke j essamines and pink, rose-shaded walks is a good deal cooler memory to carry away with one. The entire family followed to the carriages, heaping upon us a wealth of sweetscented blossoms that grow about a house. Youll carm back, yais, the son who speaks a~gluis most fluently acted as mouthpiece for his exuberantly cordial family group, now you know de road?
342
F.
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k x * 5:
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4 d .:
SIXTY NEW DRINKING FOUNTAINS NEW YORK CITY PROVIDED BY SOCIETY FOR THE PREVENTION CRUELTY TO ANIMALS
FOR THE OF
ITH the enormous increase of population in New York City, it is becoming a matter of the most vital importance that the question of both the health and beauty of the metropolis should be seriously considered by those having the citys welfare in charge. With the overcrowding of population, not only of human beings but of animals, it is becoming an absolute necessity that the city should in every possible way provide for greater comfort and convenience. This point of view is being recognized by The New York Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, which has just given a prize of five hundred dollars for the best design for a public drinking fountain. The Society is just at present beginning a new administraThe question tion under a new president, Colonel Alfred Wagstaff. of drinking fountains was one of the first public matters to be taken up by the new president. Through the generosity of one of the members, the Society was able to offer this prize for a design to be executed in bronze, the competition open to all architects, sculptors, modelers and decorative designers under specific conditions. Seventy-seven separate designs were offered by sixty-five different artists. There were four judges : the new president; the chairman of the Art Commission of the State of New York, Mr. Robert A. De Forest; president of the Municipal Art Society, Mr. Charles R. Lamb, and Professor A. D. F. Hamlin, of Columbia University, who acted for the donor. The decision in awarding the prize to Mr. H. Van Buren Magonigle was unanimous with the four judges, though a number of other designs were highly commended by the committee. Under the terms of the competition four hundred dollars was paid to the artist when the design was accepted and became the property of the Society; if adopted for execution, the artist was to make the necessary full-sized drawings for the pattern maker and founder, and to pass upon the first casting made; for this additional work he was to receive one hundred dollars. The expense of erecting the fountain formerly in use by the Society was two hundred and fifty dollars, including casting, excavation, piping, etc. The present intention is to
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YORK
limit the cost of Mr. Magonigles fountain also to two hundred and fifty dollars.
HE necessity for simplicity of design and strength of construction is abundantly demonstrated by the experiences of the Society with the former city drinking fountains erected under its care. It has been necessary to have these fountains constantly visited by a corps of inspectors, and they are frequently found seriously damaged or put out of order; sometimes by carelessness of city truckmen and sometimes through malicious mischief-the latter is especially noticeable in the tenement districts. Even where the drinking fountains have been provided for children, the very boys and girls that are expected to profit by them will fill the pipes with gravel and sticks and destroy the basins. It is a difficult matter to meet this sort of destructive mischief, because the root of it is way back in the family life that does not attempt to control or instruct its offspring. This is a question for schools, settlement workers, and sociologists. The destruction that comes from the wantonly careless driving of truckmen could be controlled by city fines, if the matter could be taken up by the municipal government; but at the present time the truckmen of New York City have the power to menace and terrorize which the brigands of European countries had a few centuries ago, and they are about as lawless. If possible, and within the limit of cost, the basin of the new fountain is to be sufllciently large for two horses to drink from at once, and near the base there is a small basin, from six to nine inches above the sidewalk, for dogs. Some of the fountains will also carry an additional apparatus for people to drink from. The peoples drinking basin is not, however, a matter of so much importance for the Society, which concerns itself almost wholly with benefiting animals. Already application has been made to the Board of Aldermen for sites for sixty of these fountains, and they will be erected as rapidly as the Societys money will permit. The number of old fountains in common use in the city is estimated to be about four hundred and fifty. This will give New York a total of five hundred and ten drinking fountains.
346
WAYFARER
OF EARTH
P, HEART of mine, Thou wayfarer of Earth! Of seed divine, Be mindful of thy birth. Tho the flesh faint Through long-endured constraint Of nights and days, Lift up thy praise To Life, that set thee in such strenuous ways, And left thee not To drowse and rot In some thick-perfumed and luxurious plot. Strong, strong is Earth, With vigor for thy feet, To make thy wayfaring Tireless and fleet. And good is EarthBut Earth not all thy good, 0 Thou with seed of suns And star&e in thy blood. And tho thou feel The slow clog of the hours Leaden upon thy heel, Put forth thy powers. Thine the deep sky, The unpretmpted blue, The haste of storm, The hush of dew. Thine, thine the free Exalt of star and tree, The reinless run, Of wind and sun, The vagrance of the sea! --Charles G. D. Roberts.
347
SOLDIERS HOME IN TENNESSEE: A NOTEWORTHY EXAMPLE OF A GROUP OF BUILDINGS PLANNED AS A WHOLE

NE of the best examples in this country of a group of buildings planned as a whole with special reference to climate, surroundings and the relation of the buildings to each other, to the grounds and to the landscape, is the National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, near Johnson City, Tennessee. True, this is a public institution, established at a cost of over a million dollars to serve a well-defined national purpose and governed as an institution, but the place itself is a well-nigh perfect illustration of a colony planned for co-operative living, and should be rich in suggestion to those who purpose to put into practice the idea that is finding such wide expression in the various garden cities and industrial villages here and abroad, as well as in the restricted residence parks where co-operative living is being made the subject of more or less practical experiment. As is well known, this Soldiers Home is provided for veterans of both North and South, and accommodates about twenty-five hundred. It is a small city in itself, and the notable features of its plan and construction might well be adapted to a colony of individuals who wished to live among beautiful, uncrowded surroundings, and to carry on the business of home life with a minimum of friction and needless expenditure. With barracks, hospital and other buildings of a purely institutional character replaced by dwellings, almost the identical plan might be carried out to excellent advantage-in a residential colony, for the increasing difficulties of the servant problem draw us nearer to what seems the only practical solution-the central kitchen and mess-hall, co-operative storehouse supplied directly at wholesale rates, and the co-operative laundry. When it was decided to build a Soldiers Home in Tennessee, a plateau about twenty-three hundred feet above sea level and with an area about a mile and three-quarters in length and three-quarters of a mile in width was selected in the Cumberland Mountains, near Johnson City and about three hours ride over the mountains from Asheville and Biltmore. The plateau was fallow farm land surrounded by thick forests of pine and maple, with a mountain stream running through a
348
;.
H.
l+redlmdcr,
Architect
THE DOUBLE CHAPEL, WITH ONE WING ARRANGED FOR PROTESTANT AND ONE FOR CATHOLIC WORSHIP THE BARRACKS ARE ATTRACTIVE FROM THEIR SIMPLE. STURDY LlNES
RAND STAND
ON THE
PARADE GROUND
THE MEMORIAL HALL
POWER HOUSE FOR EI.ECTRIC SUPPLY THE LAUNDRY IS A SEPARATE BUILDING, AND AN ATTRACTIVE ONE
SOLDIERS
HOME
IN TENNESSEE
deep ravine across one end. The whole landscape around was broken by peaks, woods and ravines, and the Great Smoky range in the distance formed a background to all. It was a perfect site, entirely secluded from the rush and roar of the world, and yet within easy reach of town and market, especially as the Southern Railroad would skirt the front of the tract and a trolley line the rear. It would have been so dangerously easy to have spoiled even this environment with commonplace, pretentious buildings, badly grouped and having not the slightest relationship to the general contour of the landscape, but the men in charge were wise enough to recognize the element of beauty and- fitness as well as utility, and called for plans treating the entire group of buildings and the surrounding grounds as parts of one homogeneous whole that should in its turn be a part of the landscape. The architect whose plans were chosen was J. H. Freedlander of New York, and the Work as it stands is a little model city in perfect harmony with its environment and admirably fitted to serve its purpose.
SOLDIERS
HOME
IN TENNESSEE
HERE is a frontage of half a mile along the main boulevard, and in the center of this is the main entrance, a great arched gateway that spans a drive forty feet wide, bordered on each side with trees. Branch drives wind through the park that occupies all the front part of the tract, and that is dotted with summer-houses and pavilions among the trees and on the borders of the lake, but the main road goes straight across the parade ground, widening to encircle the band stand, and ends at the mess hall, which is the center of the whole group of thirty-six buildings. Nearest to the mess hall are the barracks, grouped in the form of a semi-ellipse, and to the rear are such buildings as the Memorial Hall, where all ceremonies and amusements take place, the double chapel, of which one wing is arranged for Protestant worship and one for Catholic, the Carnegie library, the guard barracks, the power house, store house, laundry, stable and canteen. To the west is the separate group of the officers quarters, with the Administration building and the Governors residence. These are on slightly higher ground, commanding the whole tract, and each building has its own spacious grounds-around it. On the east side is the hospital group, placed there because the prevailing winds of the region are westerly and tend to carry away any germs from the main settlement. The hospital includes six separate buildings, connected by glass-covered corridors and arranged in rectangular form around an Italian formal garden with a central fountain, that is in charming contrast with the natural park-like arrangement of the grounds. The nurses cottage is near the group, and the morgue, at a little distance, is connected with the hospital by an underground passage. At the back of the tract, and hidden by a screen of trees, is a small cemetery. All the buildings are modeled on the style of the French Renaissance, and are admirably adapted to the requirements of the climate and to the contour of the surrounding country. They are built of the native timber, brick and limestone, and are very simply treated, with long, low forms, straight lines, and wide, overhanging roofs. There are plenty of wide verandas and sun-rooms for outdoor life, and provision is made for the greatest possible amount of sunshine and fresh air in all the buildings. The park, with its pleasant walks and inviting little summer-houses, offers a constant temptation to those who are able to spend a large part of their time out of doors, but those who are house-bound have also their share of ozone and sunlight.
356
AN APPEAL TO CAESAR-A ANNIE HAMILTON DONNELL
STORY:
BY
HE Primary Boss dug her chin deeper into the hollow of her little brown palm. Digging deeper seemed to help, though as yet the Plan had eluded her. The thing she had undertaken to do, in the presence of so many witnesses, stood a long way off still, beckoning to her tantalizingly. At first she had nodded and smiled and cried to it: See me come and do you! but now-latterlyshe only sat and dug her chin deeper. There were only Marm Mollie and Mick-would they make good advisers if they had never been to a primary school nor had recesses of any length? It was borne in upon the Primary Boss that neither Marm Mollie nor Mick had ever been, or ever had. Still she was in straits. The Primary Boss rose to herlittle white-shod feet and went slowly into the house. While she ate her bread and milk she would ask Marm Mollies advice. She stated the case between bread-and-milk spoonfuls. Then: What would you vise, Marm Mollie? she asked. You just sposen twas you. The old black face put on extra wrinkles of thought. My, my, my, Missy Mary, how you spose I gwine spose? I aint never been thar. I was a little fraid you hadnt ever been to sc-had priverleges, Mary said gently. She did not wish to hurt Marm Mollies feelings. But havent you ever had any recess-not any? Now, see here, Missy Mary, how you spose dis ole Marm gwine tell what a-a-ting like dat is? A recess is when youre studying your lessons and the teacher rings a bell and you dont study em-just play things; to rest you, you know, Marm Mollie. Dear, no, Marm Mollie did not know. No bell had ever rung for her to just play things or rest. If it meant that, then- No, I aint nebber had one o dem tings, honey, Marm Mollie said, smilingly certain. Dis ole Marm aint nebber xpectin no bell to ring fo her to play till dey rings de Golden Bell. It seemed then that Marm Mollie could not be an adviser. Mick was left, but it was with no degree of enthusiasm that the Primary
357
AN
APPEAL,
TO
CAESAR
Boss sought out Mick. The thing she had undertaken to do retreated a little farther. What would yozl do, sposen twas you, Mick? she asked in conclusion of the succinct statement of her case. You wouldnt bear it, would you? Down wid th tyrints! shouted Mick by way of answer. His strident voice and animated gesture with the stable broom was rather alarming and the Primary Boss backed rapidly toward the door. Down wid th thraitors ! Up wid yer roights! Niver say die I Theres me advoice in a peanut shell an no ixpinse to th ladies. He bowed grandly and returned to his sweeping. Dicky Price, emerging from his own door with the fat little smile of one who has dined well, spied the Primary Boss and came across. You thought up the Plan yet, Mary? he questioned cheerfully. No, Dicky Price, so there! You promised ! You promised I Well, I havent un-promised, have I? But Dicks face put on, m place of the fat little smile, a sinister jeer. Ho, youre goin to give it up-youre goin to give it up, an you per-rom-ised f The voice of the Primary Boss was splendid for majesty. Dicky Price, ten minutes is long enough for you, but youll have the-the benerfit of longern that very soon. Only Ill be happy to have you know-it was grand- that I didnt do it for anybody with the name o Dicky Price! FTER that there was no giving up, of course. The Primary Boss had never heard of an appeal to Caesar, nor of Caesar. But before she started next day, her third reader under her arm, for the primary grade she had decided to appeal to Caesar. The exigencies of the case had decided her. Dicky Price was the chief exigency. A confederate would be needed. From every standpoint Dilly Francis seemed best adapted to be a confederate. Scarcely a week passed that she did not stump quakingly along the corridor to the superintendents little, awful room. It was now about time for the weekly trip.
358
AN
APPEAL
TO
CAESAR
You going to be good or bad to-day, Dilly Francis? the Primary Boss whispered to the Confederate at the door of the schoolroom, Because if youre going to be bad, all right. Ive thought of something. Im goin to be bad, the Confederate returned promptly, distinctly relieved that it was this way about, since being bad came easy. Well, then you wait, ordered mysteriously the Primary Boss. The morning session droned away as usual, uneventfully, dully. At recess it was the same old story. The bell rang in the middle of a beautiful play,- it always rang in the midddb. There seemed no prospect of anything else, though the Primary Boss had per-ram-ised. The faith of the other primaries in the Primary Boss ran very low. Yet, if they had but known, already on their little horizon had appeared the sail of hope. Dilly Francis, that is the third time you have eaten a peach to-day! You may go to the superintendents room and report. Twas xactly the same peach every time, murmured Dilly Francis, but rose with alacrity. The Primary Boss, who sat very near the door, slipped out unperceived with her. Now take hold o hands--run! Teacher mustnt catch me tilltill after. It might have been till after Im dead, from the tragedy in the tone of the Primary Boss. It was easy to catch people after they were dead. Arrived at the Terrible Room, the Primary Boss issued orders: you wait out here. No, Im going in. While were play-talking, She thrust a small bell into Dillys hand. Ring it when I tell you to. I like Hard,-right through the keyhole. When I say Now-Now that, you ring! The Primary Boss opened the door and walked into the Terrible Room. Its me-Im here, she announced in a high key. High keys betoken courage. exWhy, Mary, YOU? Caesars-the superintendents-voice pressed grieved surprise, as if it had never been Mary before. I cameI havent been bad, hastily Mary. I wasnt se&d. I came to play with you. Her round face seemed no longer round, but pinched and drawn. She was sure that Caesar must hear the pounding of her heart-beats.
359
AN
APPEAL
TO
CAESAR
LL count out. Eenie meenie minie mo, catch a butterflyn let him&w--- Hold on!-what does it all mean, Mary? Caesars voice was kind. The remote twinkles in his eyes were kind. But the straight line of his lips did not vary. Well play anything youd rather, but wed better begin. Teacher dont know where I am. Well play ten minutes and stop right in the middle. I thought, explained the Primary Boss steadily, that youd see how it was if you stopped right in the middle yourself. Thats the only way I could think of. I thought if you had to stop when you wanted dreadfully to keep right on, then youd let us have twenty minutes stead of ten. Wed rather have half an hour, and I didnt know but if you had a very specially splendid time playing, youdyoud- The Primary Boss felt a choking sensation in her throat-a hot ache where the tears were storming the little blue doors of her eyes. Without Caesar there-when she had practised saying all this to the sideboard at home-it had been easy enough to keep on, right on. It had been easy to stand up haughtily straight and let her voice ring out-now it came in faint little jerks and gasps. It ought to ring out. Go on, Mary,-twenty minutes stead of ten, you said- Yes, for recesses. Ten are a very few to play in, and the bell always stops us in the middle. And then I promised- Yes, you promised- So I came to play with you and Dilly Francis is going to ring the bell right in the middle and youll see how it feels and I guess we better begin right now. The Primary Boss was holding hard to the horns of her courage and talking fast. In the practice-speech there had been many other things besides these which she had already saidagitatedly. The little Primary Boss groped for those other things. Outside the door waited Dilly Francis and the bell. Dillys mild, dull little face had bewildered creases in it. At any instant-perhaps the next !-the Primary Boss might say Nozer! What it all meant was shut out from Dillys comprehension, but, uncomprehending, she waited bell in hand. Inside the room, things had begun to really happen. The Primary Boss and Caesar were playing; one in a strange, life-and-death little
360
AN
APPEAL
TO
CAESAR
way, the other gravely, unaccustomedly, but according to directions. The game went on. No, no, you must scooch down! I cant touch you when youre scooched, you know. It appeared that Caesar did not know, but scooched. The twinkles in the remote recesses of his eyes were coming to the front. His lips remained pertinaciously straight-lined. Now run-run! There was clatter of furniture pushed aside, overturned-pounding of light feet and heavy feet. The bell shook in Dilly Franciss fingers, at the sounds. It might be the very next instant that everNow I Dilly rang as she never rang before, and the play in the Terrible Room stopped in the middle. The players, breathing a little hard, looked into each others. faces. The face of the Primary Boss was sharp with anxiety. The fate of the thing she had promised to do hung in the balance. Th-there, you see how it f-eels, she gasped weakly. For from great Caesars face she could not tell-she tried, but could not read h-o-p-e on it. This is the way the bell always stops us right in the middle-now you can tell how misable it is-its pretty bad, isnt it? You want to keep right on and you have to stop. Ten are such a very few minutes- AESAR sank into a chair and mopped his brow. Yes, he admitted gravely, I see now. It is a pretty short time. I never realized before. Oh! Oh, I thought youd see now! the Primary Boss cried joyfully. NOZU I thought you would! I thought youd see mctly how it was, and you have, havent you 1 Youve played and been stopped in Now youll give us the middle and you know how bad it is yourself. twenty minutes stead of ten, wont you? Or half an hour-or-or- He caught her as she fluttered about him, and drew her down to his knee. And now at last the line of his lips curved upward. Hold on, hold on-not too fast, little hearty! Youve doubled the time, be satisfied with that. Now that I know how it feels, I will give you twenty minutes to play. Well go and tell the rest.
361
AN
APPEAL
TO
CAESAR
The gratitude and triumph in the round little face of the Primary Boss crowded together to let in eagerness. Let me-please, please! I mean tell em, because I promised. I said I would and now I have! If I co&i! tell em myself- Come on, he said, and held out his hand. Outside he extended the other hand to Dilly Francis. The three walked staidly down the corridor. No one remembered the original sin of Dilly Francis. Teacher looked up, mildly surprised. One moment, the superintendent said smilingly, lifting his hand in the customary way, to gain attention, Miss Mary here has a notice to give-now, Mary. She stood splendidly tall before them all, but she looked only at Dicky Price-straight at Dicky Price who had jeered. The pride of attainment illumined her face. Her voice rang out. I promised, the Primary Boss said clearly, and I have. He played and stopped in the middle and were going to have twenty minutes now. Twenty stead of ten!
HANDICRAFTS IN THE CITY-WHAT THEIR COMMERCIAL SIGNIFICANCE IS UNDER METROPOLITAN CONDITIONS: BY MARY K. SIMKHOVITCH
HE revival of handicrafts in America has taken place largely in the country where rent is nominal, and where for the most part the crafts have been supplementary to other occupations. It is a question whether the development of the arts and crafts is suitable to the conditions of life in a large city. If a few general principles can be laid down they may prove timely. For the enthusiasm the word handicraft arouses is prone to be most indiscriminate, and the public will readily say how interesting or how lovely without regard to the financial success of the undertaking, the wages of the worker, or the permanent value of crafts training. What the nature of the problem is may be indicated by haphazard reference to any craft. Take bookbinding. Bookbinding pays under two conditions, when there is division of labor, when in fact it is no longer a handicraft (i. e., the finished product of one hand-worker) but a trade; or when, being the product of the hand-worker, it is so uniquely interesting or beautiful that it can command a monopoly price. Here we have the key to one guiding principle. Anything that is unique can command a unique price, and in so far as any craft exhibits a very superior quality of workmanship that craft is a financial success. This is just as true in the city as in the country. If wnusually beautiful metal work, pottery, lace, embroidery, woodwork, etc., can be produced it will command the unusual price and is economically justifiable. Superior quality in crafts work depends upon two things: design and execution. And although the handicrafts extremist insists upon designer and worker being one and the same person, there seems to be no reason why in many of the handicrafts the two functions should not be separated, though the worker must be able to appreciate good design and the designer ought to know good work when he sees it. Most of the crafts have proved inferior in one or other of these directions. And it is clear that work of a monopoly value, good in design and superior in execution, will necessarily be extremely limited in extent.
363
HANDICRAFTS
IN
THE
CITY
For the average worker in a city where rents are high it is obvious that hand work can not compete with the machine-made product. The modern man and woman see nothing sacred in hand work from the point of view of product unless it is really good work, and good machine work is generally preferred to poor hand work. It is then clear that in the modern industrial world the normal average worker will not engage in hand work unless it be avocational in character. As secondary occupations, rug-making, lace, pottery, weaving, etc., will all prove lucrative and useful. The danger here is the stimulating of home work under conditions unfavorable to the health of the worker. Fortunately legislation against home work in crowded cities is making rapid strides and the enlightened promoters of handicrafts will therefore further attempts to provide central workshops even for avocational employment and to discourage home work which degenerates at once for the most part into the complete transformation of the home into the unhealthful shop. But with these precautions, handicrafts as avocations may be economically desirable where they can by no means be recommended as regular occupations for average workers. The average worker, as has already been indicated, can earn far more in the factory or store than in the production of hand work. HERE is a class of the community, however, shut off from ordinary pursuits that can be readily and profitably turned into crafts work. This is the group of industrial defectives-the deaf, the deformed, and all those who are shut out by physical defects from the common occupations of industry. This group does not expect to obtain the normal rate of wages, and for this group therefore the handicrafts are especially useful. Frequently, also, members of this group may rise into the group first mentioned-those whose quality of workmanship is so good that it may command a monopoly price. We have then three distinct classes appropriate for hand work in a city. 1. Those whose quality of work is so good as to command a monopoly price. 2. Those whose work is avocational, their main source of income coming from other quarters (especially women living at home). The
364
HANDICRAFTS
IN
THE
CITY
prices for such work must compete with machine work, and with work imported from countries where labor is cheaper. 3. Those who are shut out of the ordinary avenues of employment-the industrially defective. In addition, two other large values of hand work must not be overlooked. First the educational value of hand work. All those values claimed for manual training are, of course, inherent in differing degrees in any handicraft, some being far more educational than others. Therefore in teaching handicraft workers one may quite legitimately hold the point of view that one is maintaining a school and not a factory. The subsidizing of the earlier years of any handicraft development is, then, to be defended from the point of view of the educational value of such training to the worker. A very practical result of such training is often to increase a girls wage-earning capacity. Thus a girl may study embroidery. Even if she fails to become an embroiderer of extraordinary merit the training she has received will perhaps give her an added value as a trimmer in a dressmakers establishment and increase her wage at once. The other value of hand work especially to be noted is the reaction it has upon the machine product. Whereas the handicrafts by the nature of the case must be limited in extent, the effect of good simple design and excellence in workmanship is extending throughout industry. We ought to preserve the talents of our immigrant population, and we may revive, within the limits defined, the handicrafts for which they may seemespecially adapted by heredity and tradition. But no one must expect in any way to stem the tide of the historical process. The wage-worker must earn a living wage and as much more as can be had through the organization of the workers. Healthful conditions and restriction of the hours of labor must be maintained through enlightened legislation. Hand work will continue to be of primary importance as an influence upon machine production, and it will thrive only when undertaken as an avocation, or by those who are not fitted to cope with the conditions of normal production, or when the quality of the work is conspicuously good. Another service that centers of hand work can perform is to bring buyer and producer together without the intervention of the middle-man, thus enlarging the profit of the worker.
365
CRAFTSMAN BER XI
HOUSE,
SERIES OF 1906:
NUM-
W
of our blocks,
ITHIN
the past few months we of The as we Craftsman such consider
suggested alteration desired. especially struction,
for the original,
a very little to
have been requested by several members house Club to designate plans
will make it quite possible
build the walls of hollow cement blocks if Next month we will give a house intended for cement-block but our plans were too confar
Home-Builders
adapted to construction as they desired terial in building. that we design
of hollow cement to use this ma-
ahead to allow it to be done in this issue, although the house given here could easily be adapted if desired. to cement-block As designed, construction it is to be built seem-
Also, other correspona house especially in-
dents who intend to build have suggested tended for this construction, showing that
of cement plaster on a frame of expanded steel lath, this form of construction ing best suited to the lines of the house. This, however, is merely our own idea of it, and there is nothing to prevent the use of hollow cement block, reinforced concrete, or any other material preferred. If cement blocks are used, it would be desirable to plaster the walls with cement mortar, as the plain surface with its rough finish is much more attractive in appearance than the blocks which at best are an imitation ished of either smooth or rough-finOur which suggestion for this stone.
there is a growing demand for the use of hollow cement walls in dwellings, on account of the resistance to heat and cold. We greatly appreciate all suggestion, advice or criticism our Home-Builders munication from the members of Club, as the best rewho are to
sults are always obtained by direct comwith the people use and make practical test of our plans, and in this case our response is the more ready because of our own belief suitability of cement construction Nearly in the to the
straight and simple lines of the Craftsman houses. planned 36 that, all of them are so construction is whatever
house is what is known as the pebbledash finish gives an interesting
CRAFTSMAN HOUSE: SHOWING ENTRANCE
SERIES OF 1$X36, NUMBER PORCH AND BALCONY
XI:
BACK VIE\V OF HOUSE SHOWING I~lhING-PORCH
DETAIL OF EKTRANCE, WITH BALCONY WHICH COULD BE USED AS A SLEEPING-PORCH
LIVING-ROOM WITH FIREPLACE AND BUILT-IN BOOKCASES
CRAFTSMAN
but not exaggerated of texture roughness and The to the walls,
HOUSE
NUMBER
ELEVEN
takes very kindly to color. by the location and the prevailing landscape. Southern of
color itself must be determined the house tones of the
In a country like California, for in-
stance, with its tawny, sunsoaked coloring and rosy-violet distances as seen through the dust-haze of the greater part of the year, nothing could be so good by as color, a light which four buff or of dry of two This color would be good in any sunny southern
climate,
biscuit tained yellow
is .obpounds but in the north -and shade of
adding
ochre to one hundred pounds cement mortar containing
Portland
east it is not so harmonious as the greens and grays. a-pound A very attractive dull light green is obtained by using halfof yellow ochre to one hundred in varying tones of quantities The pounds of cement mortar, and the addition of lamp-black gives pebble satisfactory gray.
parts of sand to one of cement.
This is
the prevailing tone of the plastered adobe houses in the Mission style of architecture so much used in that country, only blends beautifully partially veiled around it, but is especially peppe??trees planted and it not with the colors all effective when foliage the of house.
by the lacy near
finish is obtained marble
by spattering the moron a pig-
pebbles ranging
in size from a pea to a against tar before it is dry, and
then stippling
ment to bring the pebbles into harmony with the color of the house. stippling This should be done
with a stiff broom, using a soft brown tone for the biscuit-colored and a darker the light work. m o r t a r, green for ground-
green
On a gray mor-
tar, the pebbles might be allowed to remain in their natural colors. 371
CRAFTSMAN
The foundation to the visible part.
HOUSE
NUMBER
of the porches and color
ELEVEN
should be of smooth. the roof the same The brick With would best shingle tiles. Like
of the house as shown Should these bricks or too costly in broken-
is of very hard and rough red brick as not be easily obtainable joint
planed
chimney is plastered like the walls. a brick foundation, If the foundation all the Craftsman features is needed of and substantial be of dark-red square-edged
the loeal market, a quarry-faced
ashlar of some darker stone would If it seems best to build the
is of stone a slate roof houses, the structural are so simple repairs, even
be very effective with either gray or green cement. foundation of concrete the visible part of
would be admirable in color effect. the exterior in the way of
it should be faced with red brick to give the definite effect of a foundation as separate from the walls of the house. The exterior timber-work would best be left unplaned, to a soft and should be stained tone like old oak.
that very little attention
after years of use. The treatment of the interior is equally simple, found but so interesting effect in color and structural that the rooms will be All the woodwork on
gray-brown
The use made of timbers in the gables and under the slope of the roof does away with any appearance monotony in the plain of barrenness or plastered walls. The balustrades
complete in themselves with very floor is of oak, stained to a tone in which there of green. It is almost the color of the natural oak mellowed by time but with a shade less of gray, the a little and tone. leaving brown warmer sunnier in
little furnishing. the lower
luminous gray-brown is a subtle suggestion
This color effect is easily gained, as it only needs one stains after coat of one of the Craftsman applied tural to the na-
wooa
it is sandpapered perfectly smooth, prewax, and then one coat of a specially pared liquid
CRAFTSMAN
HOUSE
NUMBER
ELEVEN
rubbed down with a piece of coarse cloth or buaap. The woodwork in this house plays a specially important part, as the entry hall, living-room and diningroom, if finished as suggested here, are all wainscoted able price. with a stock wainscoting is paneled which now can be had at a very reasonThis wainscoting in different designs, and comes complete, ready to put up, at so much a running foot. greatly The fact for that this can be had the matter of interior specially This stock made wainscot oak is simplifies
finished in the same way as the beams and other woodwork. It is not an imitation of Craftsman woodwork, but an addition to it, only made in such a way that its cost is not prohibitive, carpenter-built signed wainscoting as the cost of is too apt to sum.
be if much of it is used in a house deto be built. for a moderate In this instance the wainscot used is five feet in height, but it comes in a number of different The heights to suit any room or walls and ceilings of all any scheme of wall treatment. upper these rooms are also treated alike, as the object is to give a sense of space, dignity and restfulness to the part of the house that is most lived in, and this effect is best attained by having no change in the 373
woodwork, wainscoting of a
adds much to the expense
house.
the same in every particular as an oak wainscot built especially for the room, as it comes in the natural wood and can be
CRAFTSMAN
background ishing.
HOUSE
NUMBER
place as parts
ELEVEN
of the one harmonious the permanent and not compete with
that furnishes the keynote to
de whole scheme of decoration and furnThe rooms open into each other shaped and full of remarked difference in an effect of almost as if they were parts of one large room, irregularly cesses, and any
whole that goes to form home environment,
each other as separate points of attraction. In the house as shown here, the woodwork covers so much of the walls and is so warm and luminous simple. For a year nothing in color that the or two after could the upper walls would best be very quiet and house is built, be better If the furin
treatment is apt to produce patchiness scious feeling
as well as the almost subconof restlessness that comes
from a constant change in surroundings that should above all things be peaceful The rooms that all the and unobtrusive. family live in should settle quietly into
than the natural gray of the sand-finished plaster for both walls and ceilings. more color seems desirable after house has been nished for and lived
a time, the ceilfinish and a tint of the walls green, left a
ings can be given a smooth

DlNtN~~.PORCH :
tone of ivory with a slight and rough
and colored
dull pale yellow that also has in it a suggestion This of give preserve tone woodwork sunnier of green. would the yet and coloring with and
a harmony
a warmer
atmosphere
in the room than the With either treatgray. ment of the walls it would be most in keeping to furnish the rooms in the with oak and dark of furniture aged in
FIRST FLOOR PLAN
natural
color of the darkened wood, dull and green or
with cushions portieres
brown
moss green.
The brighter
CRAFTSMAN
bits of be w in and scarfs minor and should sional red, red color by could the
HOUSE
NUMBER
ELEVEN
given
a0 w
curtains, table
smaller
cushions and other
pillows,
accessories, among these be an occatouch of the brick
terra cotta or brick to repeat of the
fireplace in the living-room. The bedrooms on the second story wouia give opportunity for dainty coloring and individual t r e a tment of each room, so that the need for variety would satisfied. This of several be
BALXNY
is a house porches. porch at

SECOND FLOOR PLAN
A square
the front serves as an entrance, and above this is a balcony that may he used as an outside sleeping-room At the back of the house there if deis a
doors, they should give a suggestion on the outside of the house.
of
the interior treatment as well as that used It is difficult to give an exact estimate of the cost of any house, owing to the wide variation any normal in the cost of labor and the cost of this materials in different localities, but under conditions house, if built as suggested not exceed $5500.
NOTE.-For privileges of the Craftsman Home Builders Club, open to all subscribers, see announcement in advertising pages. 375
sired, or a summer sewing or playroom. kitchen porch that serves as entrance to the kitchen, room. and a square dining-porch parthat opens from both pantry and diningThis porch has a plastered apet, and can be glassed weather at comparatively as well as a sun-room. in for colder small cost, and As these porches
here, should
used as a winter garden or conservatory link the interior of the house with out of
HOME TRAINING IN CABINET WORK: PRACTICAL EXAMPLES IN STRUCTURAL WOOD WORKING: TWENTY-FIRST OF THE SERIES
HALL
BENCH
WITH
CHEST.
HE
hall bench
illustrated
here is in the same style
as the piano
bench
given in the last number of THE CRAFTSMAN, and would make a good comThe main features of the construction are precisely similar, panion piece.
the seat in the piano bench. ordinarily
with the exception of the shallow box that takes the place of the curved brace under This box can be used to hold all sorts of things that accumulate in the hall, and the hinged seat lifts like a lid over it. or proportions. The bench can be made in any desired length to fit any wall space without interfering with its construction
MILL
BILL
OF STOCK
FOR
HALL
BENCH
WITH
CHEST. Finished.
Rough. Pieces. Sides Lid ............ ............. No. 2 1 Long 24 in. 56 in. Wide
15yz in.
Thick
13/s in.
Wide 15 14 in. in.
Thick II/ 1 in. in.
l#,
in.
14/s in.
376
HOME
TRAINING
IN CABINET
WORK
HINGE\
30 FRONT
ENV
QESIGN FOR R-HA:

VW
Lid Rails
stops
........ .....
a 2 1
1
144/2 in. in. 574/2 in.
............ .........
61
61
7/s in. 442 in. 134/2 ill. 23/4 in.
1y* in. 1 in. */ in. 1 in.
3/a in.
in.
3/3 in.
in.
7/8 in. 73 in.
Chest bottom Stretcher
13j*iIl. 2*/z in.
in.
377
HOME
TRAINING
IN CABINET
WORK
A LIBRARY
TABLE.
HIS
generously
proportioned
table, with its ample top and sturdy structure, where a table with plenty of room that one may be using is well-nigh owing to the curved but not clumsy,
is especially
fitted for use in a library,
for the books, magazines, and newspapers It is massive in construction,
indispensable.
Iines and open spaces which soften the severity of the solid ends and the keys and tenons which form an effective structural decoration. A brace beneath the top keeps the ends firm, and the lower shelf acts as another brace.
MILL
BILL
OF STOCK
FOR
LIBRARY
TABLE. Finished.
Rough. Pieces. Top . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sides , . . . . . . . . . . . Braces Shelf ........... ............

NO.
Long 73 25 62 in. in. in.
1 2 3
1
Wide 37 in.
Thick
134~ in.
36
Wide in. pattern
Thick. 11/ in. 11/4 in. 11/z in. 1 in.
274/z in.
%?7$$ in.
2 in. 1214 in.
1 3/8in.
13/4 in.
1*/g in.
13/4 in. 12 in.
378
HOME
TRAINING
IN CABINET
WORK
-36
PRONT
ENV
SCALE-OF---1NCHl3
36
VLSIGN FOR--A-LIBRARY TABLE-
379
HOME
TRAINING
IN CABINET
WORK
ROUND
TABLE.
HE round table shown here has the same general features in its construction as the library table, only modi6ed to such a degree that the effect is light
rather than massive. The braces, top and bottom, are crossed, and the four legs are wide and flat, with openings following the lines of the outside, and the decorative structural features of key and tenon made prominent. in a study or den. be very useful in the living-room be the main reading-table This table would or as a second table in a large library, or it might
MILL
BILL
OF
STOCK
FOR
ROUND
TABLE. Finished.
Rough. Pieces. Top Legs Top Shelf Lower ........... .. ............ stretcher ..... stretcher . . . No. 1 4 2 2 1 Long 41 in. 29 in. 34 in. 37 in. 19 in. Wide 41 in. 51/4 in. 33/4 in.
23/4 in.
Thick II/g in. lj/,ill. 1 3/8in. 13/g in.

1
Wide 40 in. diam. pattern 31/s in. 24/z in. 18 in. diam.
Thick. 1 in. 11h in. 11/ in. 11/ in.
............
19
in.
in.
7/s in.
HOMje
TRAINING
IN CABINET
WORK
ENLARGED y&Pl$&lg
CROSSlNG
OF-RAILS
DESIGN
FOR--A ROUNP -TABLE
ALS
IK KAN:
NOTES:
plain ?
REVIEWS
They are free agents, and of
ALS IK KAN
ciety, has recorded his impression of conditions typical in New York-which of conditions and stirring to him is called in all America-in fantasy
AXIM
GORKY,
filled
with of so-
their own free will they have chosen the standard of living which now makes it possible for Maxim Gorky to say, and with justice: knew-none desires. Under a free form of government like that of America only those things come Someto into being which the people want. not unlike Tarpeia, treachery the gift the jewels of All wanted to live but none could understand how to fol-
dreams of a general revolt and world-wide regeneration
low the straight path of their wishes and
the strange Comrade, of
which appears in this issue THE CRAFTSMAN. The tale is the because of its intensely the underlying
more interesting inability
times the thing they crave turns out to be the soldiers who asked as a reward for her they wore on their
Russian point of view, and the writers to comprehend causes of American unrest and discontent. It is the natural utterance of a man whose whole life is devoted of a people to achieving ground the liberation down for
left arms, and was crushed beneath the shields they hurled upon her, but in the beginning the asking is theirs. The social conditions which are so unsatisfacsprang in the first
generations by a powerful band in the forging
and tyrannical and
ruling class, a people which has had no of its fetters, now has no hope save in the violent rending asunder of these fetters in the throes of a revolution. shared country, To Gorky, whose very of his own outlook soul has been seared by the misery he has with the oppressed revolution is the only
tory and oppressive
place from an ideal which had taken root in the minds of the people, and will continue to exist in one form or other until there is another and higher ideal of national life. In America, with all its phenomenal advance, its quick and easy prosperity, its pride and power, and its freedom from all oppression its own ambition save that which might enand greed
for those who have been worsted iu the battle of life in any country, even as oppression appointed misery at the ruthless hands of selfrulers is the cause of all the He knows-who of the poor. in Russia the people have under the iron
gender, the sole ideal has been competition. Only in very rare instances even now do our educators dignity of useful seek to instil into as the the childish brain such principles
better ?-that
been dumb and helpless
work, the contentment and the peace and love and good
rod of an oppressor to whose power there has never been the thought or necessity of consent, but how could he know that in this country the people themselves, and they alone, are responsible ditions which have brought for the conabout the com-
and freedom to be found in simple living and honest dealing, happiness will. are smart of brotherly
Instead, boys are told that if they and learn to get on they and some or per-
are just as good as anybody, haps even President,
abuses and miseries from which they suffer and of j82 which they so loudly
day may come to be a millionaire
with the implica-
ALS
IK KAN:
NOTES:
REVIEWS
tion that either distinction the tion. amount of business
would naturor political competi-
ally depend upon their ability to acquire acumen necessary to overcome
the losers, and they feel that they have grounds for bitter complaint-but they enter the game of their own free will and play it according and endorsed to the rules recognized If they are comby all.
When the young man goes to work
for himself, he finds that the Golden Rule of business and politics is: Do unto the other fellow what hed do to you-and it first. practise different competition, and nothing do could Even the churches teach and between the in the name of to His followers sought to be first
pelled to drop out they should blame the rules of the game, not the man who has been strong enough or unscrupulous enough to outplay them, for each loser
be keener than the rivalry denominations ence, and membership-all Him who said plainly that any man who
for power, influ-
would have won to the same extent and in exactly the same way if he could. In the commercial strife there must always be a large percentage of losers as opposed to every man who wins, but these very losers cling so closely to their ideal of success as embodied in power and and large possessions, that they lionize oppressor him.
among them must be the servant of all. Success is the American ideal, and the greatest measure of success in any walk of life falls to the lot of the strongest When the obthe Russian reand most ruthless man. is small former wonder says of that us:
envy the moneyed they fiercely
even while He is the that
denounce
concrete expression of all they have been taught to desire. And the oppression he inflicts upon the weaker players in the common game has not grown up in a day, but, fostered by admiration and envy and emboldened by success, it has advanced system that to the None from point to point until it is embodied in a vast and well-ordered works hardship those who come in its way. dition-f and often destruction
ject of all effort is to get and possess, it For to them the
strong meant the rich. and freedom. and might, for All all
And they all believed that money alone gave men power struggled were for power The slaves.
luxury of the rich inflamed the envy and hatred of the poor. No one knew a finer music than the sound of clinking gold. And it is our shame that this stern arraignment and of is true. The lust of power gold lies at the root of all the
less it is the creature of an accepted cona standard of success that is set at the very thing we denounce. It may be that in Russia the first word freedom must be the great human cry: I will not, and that life must stand still in the grip of revolution before it can go on along other and better lines. But in our own country the cry must be the nobler and equally human utterance: I will !, for men here are not unenlightened, worn out slaves, and 383 it rests with them to cast aside with the of
that America misery and oppression knows, and is shared alike by rich and poor to such an extent that the oppressed of to-day would gladly become the oppressor of to-morrow if he could. Business life in this country is carried on like a game of poker, in which the winner is the man who puts up the coolest bluff and plays the strongest game. It is hard on
ALS
IK RAN:
NOTES:
REVIEWS
calmness of strength the bonds that they themselves have made. In America there is no need of revolution. All that was needed to equalize opby giving liberty and equal was won in the portuuity Revolution
manded of him by the spirit of the age As it is, whether his motive be good or evil, he is the man who provides us with the necessaries of life while he is winning vast profits and aggrandizement himself, and his complete would mean not only wiping also destroying of the nation. And this spiritual reform that shall in time give to the nation a nobler ideal than greed and boastfulness revolution little would that is not so far off The whole beas the impatient extremist who advocates have us believe. leaveneth the leaven the industrial for overthrow out powerbut backbone
rights to every citizen
that broke the power of forThe ideals and standards life were set down in very by certain men who
eign rule and made this a country instead of a colony. of national plain language
ful forces that make for oppression,
fought for and founded the republic, and if the people fundamental them, had said: things, we Here will are the hold to
there would
not have been such
enormous premiums to tempt bold players of the universal game, for the game itself would not have set the national standard of things worth while. that oppress embodiment It is useless now and trusts the of worship to curse the great corporations of the national Would
lump is very actively at work, and it will work the more swiftly cause of the disciplinary the people petition and effectively evils of the time.
No lesson less severe could have taught the utter uselessness and fufor life, a healthy and when through will tility of unbridled and unscrupulous comas a foundation national and progressive
us, for these are only
gold and gain.
it not be better to the task of
to set ourselves earnestly
putting competition into its rightful place as a stimulus to honest effort in the production of worthy of life? It is the false teaching of the overthat sets the front each the Reby grown spirit of competition land other into two classes that things, and so gradually gain a truer teaching of the values
they have learned it thoroughly misery and suffering have it so-rich
the conditions
right themselves because the people will as well as poor, strong Comrade real union can and as well as weak. But before the word become the symbol of understanding
dreamers and the strong workers of our as enemies, and that makes
there must be some com-
mon point of interest where all can meet. The word can not do its work while it is only the sign of poor. To realize fellowship its full among meaning the it
word Comrade
only the cry of the weak
or the challenge of the discontented. the weak bringing against the strong, but
form must come to us, not by arraying into line the strong and domi-
must be the watchword of peace, not war. The millionaire cordially Comrade must be as naturally and to call his gardener willing
nant man who is the natural leader and aggressor, and who can be as great a power for good as for evil, if good is de384
as the gardener is to use the to his fellow-toiler,
word of brotherhood
and the relation between them must cease
ALS
IK KAN:
NOTES:
RliVIEWS
to be that of master and servant, and become that of fellow-workers with a common interest in their work. that endures must be founded erficial conditions, to be established, Everything on work,
tween Phillips Brooks and an Irish cabinet-maker whose specialty was the restoration of fine old mahogany cated, but intelligent the value of his work. as good Phillips furniture. uneduworkmen Brooks, The man was a plain workman,
for all else is superficial and creates supand it is not too much this work must be the to say that, if a real point of contact is creation of something that is beautiful as well as useful. To assert that reform must come along lines of beauty sounds Utopian, mercial genuine but it is nevertheless production sympathy true. It is admitted by every one that in comthere is no possible and mutual respect
usually are, and he knew and appreciated wealthy, cultivated, and with a life filled with many and varied interests, also knew and appreciated benefactor the value of the work, as but as two men and the two were firm friends-not and protege,
who understood and loved a beautiful thing and respected one another because of it. For long afternoons of they worked side by side in the little shop, the artistic knowledge skill of produce one the one and the manual gladly combined to to the the other
point of contact that would bring about between maker and user, or employer and Ornate and meretricious employed. things are turned out in enormous quantities with the sole idea of profit to the manufacturer and dealer, and are distributed according to the methods of the
the thing that was a pride Comrade in words,
both, and if they never thought another feeling of comradeship
to call
was none the less
department store. Ko interest is felt in the making of them and very little in the buying of them, and the maker and user are as far asunder as the poles when it comes another of to any personal on account which interest in one of the thing made. can result in mutual
theirs to a degree that no class difference or prejudice times. ception-it need could break. times such an underWhen it beThis is but one instance from our own In older standing was not noted as a beautiful exwas the rule. comes the rule once more there will be no to flay the trusts and to preach that the people may be free through Unfor oppression revolution
Work along these lines affords no point contact understanding. lars and cents. But when a useful thing is beautifully made, and the user and maker have equal interest in the making, a point of contact is at once established who has the power and spring mutual respect between the one to make it and the and friendliness No better beIt is all a matter of dol-
from oppression,
greed will have vanished with the coming of a new standard of national life. derstanding prejudice, a common will have taken the place of and mutual good will and remeeting-ground that shall Then
spect are all that are needed to establish serve as a basis for all reforms.
other who has the means to possess it, up between the two.
illustration
of this truth could be found in the friendship
than is instanced
Comrade shall be rightly understood as a master-word to unite mankind and raise it to the heights of freedom, mak3%
ALS
IK BAN:
NOTES:
REVIEWS
ing the whole world kin by new bonds, the strong bonds of reciprocated respect, the respect for the freedom the sake of freedom. of man, for
Early Morning, Richmond Park, The Mill Pond, Erith Marshes, and The Village note again, Ford. Among the mezzotints Evening Fishing, Moor-
NOTES
land Stream, and The Pool on the Spey. It is not likely that so complete and rare this season the most interexhibitions at the New etchhave been the a collection of Sir Seymour Hadens work will soon again be presented in New York, if indeed ever. The Rembrandt etchings now shown at the same gallery ous, and many are some of them famof them typical of the There are scripand portraits ; most interesting Rembrandt
unusually ings.
0 FAR esting
York Art Galleries important At Frederick
collections :f
Keppel & Co., a not-
able collection of etchings by Sir Seymour Haden, president of the Royal Society of Painter-Etchers important of London, has been folselection from lowed without intermission by a still more and significant etchings. Avenue, near the new by and after the GalRembrandts Gallery,
great etchers best days. tural pictures, landscapes, the latter by far the and compelling was a vigorously
from a lay point of view. etchings pious man, aggressively
In his scriptural
William Schaus opened up his new Art on Fifth Bryant Library, with a room full of etchings and engravings works of J. L. E. Meissonier. And lower
so; he might have been a reformer if he had not been so great an artist. And his figures are not mere props drape sentimental terest. on which to and indid not of hisexperiences ; they are
down the avenue at the Wunderlich ings by Whistler. Although are familiar probably country has
real people full of personality Rembrandt apparently
leries is shown an interesting lot of etchSeymour Hadens etchings to all art loving Americans, at one time ever before
devote much time to the study torical costumes.
He garbed his biblical
people to please his own fancy and taste. His characters are usually stout burgherlike men, and his women, young and old, have the ample proportions of his admired and beloved Saskia. But they are
no exhibit of his work in this
shown so many valuable and rare speciIn addition to the mens of his work. etchings there are a number of Hadens later rope. mezzotints, which are absolutely etchof new to collectors ings will give both here and in Eu-
none the less alive in their alien flesh and clothes and alert with the emotions of the religious places landscape, temperament. Saint Jerome he in an Italian with so marthe without hesitation
Titles of a few of Hadens
and then proceeds to etch the
one some impression
man and the surroundings dred and fifty years
their rare quality of fresh country atmosphere and a sense of the artists love of simple things-the example, 385 The simple things that befor Thames Fisherman, come great art by his presentation;
velous a stroke that now, after two hunhave passed, scene is presented brilliancy with a vividness and in the etchings of
unsurpassed
any other country or time; the landscape
ALS
IK KAN:
NOTES:
you feel
REVIEWS
instantly how much more com-
is done with a profound understanding of nature, and the Saint is drawn as though from wide observation, perience. There and is a Flight of into Egypt, a night scene, that is full of the mystery terrors impenetrable is faintly darkness. outlined in The Holy and fear Family and if not ex-
pletely he has realized his own purpose and individual note than the other etchers have been able to do, even though some of them are among the famous men of France. Meissoniers own etchings have exquisitewhich one feels in The men who seem to in a things the preciousness, his water colors. have etched have striven large way. marvelous Siege de from the delicate
ness, the completeness
the shadows, and you feel all the hurry desolation-it is a very wonderful thing to do with a few square and a little ink. shown at were reproduced in October. Among
He does large things his pictures small
with a small technique. to do
inches of parchment the Schaus Gallery

THE
A number of these etchings

CRAFTSMAN for
There are of his own some du little etchings : Recit Berg-op Zoom, Les Deux
others,
Beggars at the Door of a House, Old Woman Asleep, and Landscape latter being brandts of a Ruined Tower, the Remetching. porconsidered by/many
Hussards, ILAigle Imperial, Polichinelle, Le Sergent Rapporteur are all scenes full of action and strength and vivid personality; rades, rapiers. Meissonier close background Meissoniers soldiers there are also pathos men and old comspurs and too, but as very valuable the im-
greatest
landscape
and humor, fighting
Three of the finest of Rembrandts
and clanking
traits are also shown here, Clement de Jonghe, Jan Lutma, and the inevitable Saskia, dress. brandts this time with a pearl head Remand many vivid etchcollection at Schaus is of work. There is, too, a charming hlother,
There are landscapes, did not see nature it was a rather Among for soldiers.
to life,
portant French artists whose etchings of work are shown are Le Rat, Monzies, Oudart, Rajon, KratkC, Jacquet, Courtrp and others of note.
ings of himself. The Meissonier full of interesting contrast
There are many etchings of hieissoniers work, both by himself portant French and by other imThe work of etchers.
this artist has always had a wide popularity in America. the four America; hundred fully In 1884, seven years said that of pictures he in that and fifty half before his death, Meissonier had painted
York
HE
Goddess
of
Liberty
has never have been
been much of a belle out in the New harbor. Her draperies
likened to a blanket sale of a department store, and many an unkind jest has been flung at her ample uncorseted figure. to as a Her pedestal has been referred
were owned
and so it is not surprising familiar contains himself, to us.
proper pediment for an L Harbor inally Lady intended of Light.
road system. Indeed, even for a 387
many of the etchings hibit are already The collection
at the Schaus exeighteen etchand in these
We have not been kind in comment to Our the light of her torch, which was origas a searchlight
ings by Meissonier
ALS
IK
KAN:
NOTES:
REVIEWS
The local illumination was
hundred miles out to sea, is often scarcely bigger than a ten-lightning-bug-power, showing her benign countenance sicklied oer with the pale cast of thought. Until the present time we have been critical of her, but have not set about to lessen the sad conditions compassed her. ter, written ful this that have enAt last we read in a letby Mr. Cope Whitehouse, beautithat in neglected lady,
choice alga+.
to be provided by footlights throwing a reflection on so much of the salient features, the island would given The have ample made notice and the peristyle, its to golden the sheen as a
source of pleasure to the eye, as well as navigator, please keep off the rock. torch, on the other hand, was to which, if it chanced to cloud, might have been a Hunt accepted its *representaexhibition I who Then et by The in the torch. be a searchlight, catch a passing revealed
that it is possible to rendetiore poor, fact she was intended to he more attractive
in the first place and has not been land.
as a silver gleam or nebula
hundred miles out at sea. the Government to study warmly directed of
well treated in her adopted letter: The forty
the partial reduction of the pedestal, and tive at the Vienna electrical
To quote direct from Mr. Whitehouses Goddess of Liberty stands about feet nearer the water than she
the question indorsed
went myself to Paris and Bartholdi, the whole idea. I consulted with Sautter,
would have done had Hunts original design been carried out. In 1889 I had several opportunities tenant-General ency of placing height as of explaining to LieuStone Pasha the inexpedithe statue at so great a then contemplated. was
Lemonnier
Cie, for the electric lighting. Napoleon
They told
me, that when they were employed with electric lights it was a failure. innumerable floating torch, you. trated wicks, they used we at St. have Peters
III to illuminate the Trocadero saucers filled with oil, with As to the anticipated on
According to my conception, the Goddess, having arrived from France, incedit regina, stands on a dais or platform just high enough to allow her heroic proportions to be magnified by comparison with surrounding objects. The island itself, according to this plan, was to be inclosed National cenotaphs, of national what might with a peristyle. Westminster inscriptions, As the propTombs, bas-reliefs erty of the United States it was to be a Abbey. and
Rome, gave far better results. said,
We made lenses for lighthouses the upper part of the
the coast of Asia Minor, hemisphere operation. If the Government into a column,
which concenradiant but the ma-
chinery has never been put into practical architect would
heroes would, long ere this, also be imaginable.
take the whole matter under consideration it might design would could well be that a perfected at least be outlined completed, which and if
have given historic and artistic value to Its walls were to be covered with vines and flowers in the summer, while the broad belt left 388 bare by the receding tide was to be converted into a marine garden with
be gradually
the base of the statue is not lowered the island might at all events be inclosed with a terrace.
ALS
IK
KAN:
NOTES:
REVIEWS
poverty, but
REVIEWS
did not share the general
A
book,
MONG new
the books lately published Company Lady is a edition of Burnethe two large con-
they forgave him for that because he shared everything else and was the tempestuous, beloved butt of most of the jokes later and the caricatures. years when Even iu the drifted the Set had
by The Macmillan
Jones delightful Burne-Jones. which
Memorials
of Edward
In this edition will be found
apart and its members were gray-headed and famous, Berserker. Morris Listen was the same old to this description, to a came Morris
volumes are made into one fairly more
venient for the reader, as this is a book in which every part bears such intimate relation to the other parts that one is constantly wanting to turn back to something especially Toward painter realized charming. of the close of his life the great that in the nature
given in a letter from Burne-Jones friend : Towards -and -little more; evening
if no time had gone by.
you would have found him just as He is unchanged gray tips to his curly not quite so stout; wig-no not one hair eager
less on his head, buttons more off than formerly, never any necktie-more if anything same things; than ever but about just the a rock of defense to us all,
things some one would write of his work and himself ing after he wa? gone. less than that nothing Knowthe whole art he
truth about the famous little association that changed the current of English would be of any value to the world,
and a castle on the top of it, and a banner on the top of that. der description night lately Rossetti-there us, amongst In the same letter is another and sadof an old comrade. One I spent the evening with for He has is change-enough any seven of us.
asked his wife if she would write whatever there was to be written about him, saying That simply : Becawe you know. is the keynote of the whole book charm.
us all if it had been distributed
amongst
and the secret of its wonderful life so vividly depicted who understood every
It was written by one who shared in the in its pages, and ambition, every Withgossipy acof
given it all up and will try no more, nor care more how it all goes. Its nine years since he came to the Grange-now goes nowhere and will see scarcely one. spend a ghostly he any
dream and every disappointment. out being prolix, and personal, an irresistible tually The They tion for known Set. it is deliciously
Four or five times a year I go to evening with him, and always, some-
and leaves the reader with impression and shared of having the life
come back heavy-hearted times worse than that.
The trouble over Rossetti was the more keen because it was he whose enthusiasm and irrepressible inspiration group. been current characteristic and Thirty funning the joy years had been the of the whole there had
are all so alive with their enone another, and at first they
thusiasms and their jokes and their affecwere just an ambitious lot of youngsters, all so happy and so poor, who dreamed of reforming the world. William Morris
before
in the circle story
a deliciously 3as
about his desire to
ALS
IK KAN:
NOTES:
REVIEWS
have a young elephant, and the answer he gave to Browning, who with momentary dearth of imagination inquired: What him, dows; on earth do you mean to do with you have him ? I mean said Gabriel, to clean the winand then, when some one passes him when
something one would not for a good deal have missed. (Memorials of Edward Burne-Jones, by G. B.-J. 850 pages. Illustrated. the Macmillan Price, $4.00. Company, lovers, will Published by New York.) as those enjoyment writby
by the house, they will see the elephant cleaning the windows, and will say, Who lives in that house? tell them, Rossetti. tures-and Oh, thats And people will called a painter
G
of
ARDEN
as well
who like to wander in the bypaths find hearty Book of English Montagu in Gardens,
history,
in A
ten by M. R. Gloag Katharine Ilchester, the reader needs the dedication
and illustrated Wyatt. of
And they will say, I think I so they will ring, and come
It hardly many happy
should like to buy one of that mans picin and buy my pictures. All the early part of the book is filled with gay and simple life and hard work, with much thrown in. excited fun and wild hero-worship Once, in the early days, an letter written to Cormell Price Im not my with now-Ive dropped
to the Countess of to convince was written
memory
hours spent in her gargen, that this book from the view-point
of intimate,acquain-
tance with quaint and lovely old English gardens, large and small. It is as pleasantly and restfully Compleat Angler, unpractical as The and old Isaak Walton
said: I m not Ted any longer, E. C. B. Jones personality-Im

Ruskin,
himself could not have loved his favorite pastime more than these two women love their gardens and the old stories and memories connected with them. The book is amply illustrated with color plates reproduced
ings
a correspondent
and my future title is the man These were the days the women mourned of who
who wrote to Ruskin and got an answer by return. beginnings, corded and so vividly are they re-
from water-color beautiful English House,
drawspots Dutch
by this one of
made of especially famous
shared them that each triumph is rejoiced over and each sorrow reader with a personal loss. And as the book goes on it seems to grow old with the people of whom it chats so pleasantly.
In this preservation
in the most garden
gardens.
by the
There are pictures at Holland tically clipped pleached
of the formal
sense of gain or
the fantasthe
yews at Hutton John, the at Hat-
garden of the old monks at Ashridge, alley and the vineyard
of the atmosphere of the different periods of their lives it is more like a diary written freshly memoirs. faded 390 at the time than a book of The pictures, too, first reproand life is on the
Ampthill, and many others. with description information and manners
field, and choice bits from Knole, Wrest, And mingled and scraps of scientific are hasty sketches of times that link the old gardens who and old stories
duced from quaint old daguerrotypes photographs, carry
with great events and great people have passed into history,
story with the book, and all together
redolent of lavender and dried rose-leaves.
ALS
to practical
IK KAN:
NOTES:
REVIEWS
Empire) to take away from
It may not be particularly
instructive as but no a lot
the Scarlet
details of gardening,
one can read it without knowing more of the feelingthat English Gardens,
them every opportunity and means for acquiring superiority over others and the whole race had been placed on the same dead level as that which obtains in our penitentiaries was widely tue had energy, . . . Negative virtue established, but positive vir. . . Individual had been until reward
leads people to (A Book of make and cherish gardens. written by M. R. Gloag and illustrated by Katharine Mon335 pages. Price, $2.00. tagu Wyatt. Published New York.) by The hlacmillan Company,
disappeared. ability
and ambition
Parry, is a grotesque protest against the kind of equality for all that stunts It is individuality popular and prevents growth.
stifled by the absence of they no longer existed.
HE crude romance called The Scarlet Empire, written by David M.
Here is what the author evidently feels may be the fate of socialism too far and too literally: The burglar does not recognize . . the . right of private ownership Being in the minority, wrong, of property, if pushed
a sort of fantastic
attempt to reform the which is none
so he steals and is imprisoned. therefore
idea of socialism
he is weak and and what
other than &archy, by exaggerating its foundation principles in this weird story to the point of absurdity, showing what the author thinks the sane, practical platform of the true socialist might become if carried to the extreme. By accident, the hero, falls munity into the ocean, as the a New York of
but, let the majority
come to his way of thinking do we have? Why, socialism.
All of which shows that there are still any number of writers who confuse socialism with anarchy. (The Scarlet Empire, by David M. Parry. 400 pages. Illustrated. Published by the Bobbs-Merrill Company, Indianapolis.
man, tells the story in the first person, but, instead drowning, comes upon a submarine comScarlet Empire,
known
from the color of the common garb worn by its inhabitants. His experiences while a member of this aquatic democracy show the authors dread of an overdoing of the principles of socialism as he understands it. He makes his hero say in one instance that socialism is the product of the most advanced laws. Let the book speak for itself in the following extracts: To make men socially equal, it had been necessary (for thought; in another, he calls state socialism an ossified despotism of
W
stock
HEN one
little folks more story, low,
plead and Edith
for
just
mothers Guerriers And
is running
charming little book of animal fables for children will be more than welcome. you grown-ups, derland sayings little tales of the Wanderfolk will be rewarded, following of the beasties find yourselves as you read the quaint in Wonfor you will which the
the doings and
author makes so real, with just as much interest as the round-eyed knee. child at your 391 So you may know that the stories
ALS
IK HAN:
NOTES:
The
REVIEWS
Travels of Wanderfoot; Why the
are well written, for whoever heard of a well-told tale for little people that failed to interest the grown-ups lightfully that savor Says the Kangaroo suppose others question, Theres quaint of Fawn sayings in too ? and rhymes These stories abound in the most deAlice in Wonderland. the the Why tale: To put anevery reason to were ffiade, not a a statement, Thats its
Kangaroo Was Made; The Discontented Prairie Dog; Ai and the Three Armadillos. Havent those titles the most al(Wanderfolk in. WonEdith Guerrier. 123 by Edith Brown. & ComMaynard luring sound? derland, by pages. Published
Illustrated by Small, Mass.)
Was Made Theres
other question: can
pany, Boston,
that if we animals be made. said Rat;
T
Sew
HE following York)
paragraph
from In
Peril of Change is significant
(B. W. Huebsch, in view of the
but it sounds sensible. a strong vein of homely philosophy, too, running through these little fables and a hint of satire that will take you back to your Aesops Fables Uncle Remus days. hiother, the wee Field hIouse, a Butterfly the most beautiful thing in the world. and said is I
election of the author, C. F. G. Masterman, to Parliament in thC recent contest: And if once more the party which calls itself has learnt ness Disraeli remember the Liberal enters upon power, to forget it will be because in adversity that party on the one hand described; forces period of many of the ideas whose inherent weakon the other, to more vital of than the for that
am going to be one. astonishment yesterday
hlother Mouse alAlas, child,
most fell from the nest, so great were her and horror. said she, what an idea is this! Only taught you
middle-class
individualism the diseases of
mid-Victorian the healing England. College,
are necessary
the Meadow-Mole
a newer
that one can not make a safe nest out of a soft fern. story). The book is full of interesting pictures of will the grotesque Wanderfolk which appeal to children. It is attracof (From the Mouse-Butterfly
Mr. Masterman is a Fellow of Christs Cambridge,

Daily Review
literary
editor
of
the London contributor

Independent
Nems and a frequent

Review,
to the Contemporary
and other leading factor in the the
tively bound, the Patient Mink Here Patient
its green and white cover Walrus and the Helpful of contents: The
periodicals. books Young and
He is the author of several is an active party. Among
design being one of the illustrations story, the first of the series. is the table Walrus; The Mouse
Liberal
group of brilliant literary men in the new Parliament, Mr. Masterman is far from being the least interesting.
Butterfly;
392
OUR HOME DEPARTMENT

AN EIGHT HUNDRED DOLLAR interior, living BUNGALOW. except the upper third of the five
bilities of outdoor life in it (which sounds Irish, I know), simple life its exemplification modern of of the with conveniences, charm and
T IS because this bungalow has been so approved Its particular that I tell you of it. claims are the possi-
and grill-rooms.
On the outside
laths are nailed, placed horizontally, and
inches apart, to hold the boards in place nail the shingles to. Sometimes refuse strips of uniform thickness can be procured used cheaper. from the mill. of the These may be and come instead laths,
which makes its work easy and a pleasure, and its atmosphere peace. One has said it is like a picture, one
The plate-rail serves as a brace
another that it is the best thing of its kind he had ever seen; and a nerve-worn on viewing it exclaimed: time trying tion . It is built entijely and on entering, of wood, no plaster, of the the fragrance here forever ! Now I anticipate Oh, let me stay a nice
for the partition walls. The house is so arranged that the stairway and hall give two partitions between rooms, which in the case of wooden partitions is desirable, least three outside living-room adapted lights and each room has at exposures, The while the stairway is on page from one
to write up to this introduc-
has four.
from the one pictured and glimpses of it gives
pines greets you instead of the stuffiness of the ordinary house. The foundation was made by paralleling eight-inch boards eight inches apart and filling the space cement. midal When between The with piers crushed on which rock and pyrathe studs
397 of the June, 1905, CRAFTSMAN. The room to another are charming. ural slope woodshed house. The one-half where the ground and stowaway The natgives a good
place under the are eight and to five feet
rest were made in similar fashion, in form, the base and eight inches
first floor ceilings sloping
twelve inches square at at the top. the outline hardened
feet high, the second floor eight the slant strikes the side walls.
feet in the center,
the cement
boards were removed and used in the construction of the house. Oregon pine boards, one by ten inches, form walls. were at the same time the frame Knotted and crooked-grain selected, as these are points These and of are boards
This comes where it does not interfere, and gives a touch of quaintness and coziness. The second floor ceilings are of V and groove. ceilings This and the and center V tongue eaves. from
also finishes the porch various
As the latter are much in evidence view-points, this finish is The shingles are of cedar,
beauty when stained or oiled, dentally surfaced one-half come lower priced.
and inci-
worth while.
one side for the exterior walls by one-quarter inch battens on the
which weathers a rich, velvety brown. The exterior door and window casings and the porch oiled. copings are of redwood 393 The doors are of Oregon pine, of
and two sides for the partitions. One and cover the joining of the boards
OUR
HOME
DEPARTMENT
is one the Japanese would endorse. on a cloudy Even day the house seems full of
one-panel design, similar to the one illustrated in the June, 1906, CRAFTSMAN, on page 11 of the Open Door, except that there is no cross bar. The windows show for themselves ; they open in, which is preferable, because easily screened, easily
sunshine. The soiled boards were cleaned with oxalic acid. Its use for this purpose does not seem to he generally Two cupfuls of the crystals solved in a quart of boiling the mixture. a protection known. are dis-
cleaned, and not at the mercy of a heavy wind or the small boy with a stone. Piping and wiring a hopse constructed as there is the relike this requires managing, The bathroom
water, and
the boards wiped with a cloth dipped in Rubber gloves are worn as for the hands. Distillate is
no space between walls for concealment. vent pipes occupy spective corners of the room, and painted white like the walls are not noticeable. They are carried between the ceiling and the roof sightly to the back as prominent of the house roof for their outlet on the roof, for they are not decorations. ,411 the plumbing fixtures, even the wash
used for removing pitch spots. The upper third of the living and grill rooms is to be finished with matting having geometrical old blue. beams. Plain designs at far intervals, matting of the ground one black, the*next Indian red, the third color is to finish the ceiling between the The fireplace is of brown-toned as brick, andthe beans baked. hobs are very useful,
tray, are of white porcelain finish, cast in one piece. The gas meter is placed near one of the wire-screened of the house. has expressed ventilating openings so it can be read from the outside For this the meter reader appreciative the shingles from gratitude. and the
many things can be cooked on them, even The chimney is of broken number one pine floorfloors, granite rock, quarried near by. The floors are of four-inch, ing. When it comes to finishing
each has to work out his own salvation. A coat of one-half fourth distillate boiled linseed oil, oneand one-fourth finish crude petroleum,
The electric lights being side lights, wires were put between second were board walls on the first floor, and on the dropped the ceiling (which and between the edges of the boards then concealed by battens. The grain and coloring of Oregon pine are beautiful. fairly opalescent Some of the boards in color, showing are old To it
gives a rich olive-brown This
that does not acquire dirt or demand constant attention. the floors except door bedroom. The bathroom .is painted white, and with blue and white rag rugs, which can be washed and even boiled, and blue and white cretonne ture. curtains at the windows picgas heater in the This is far and built-in linen shelves, is a Delft An instantaneous bathroom preferable heats the water. was used on all and outthe bathroom
were cut out enough to allow this),
rose, old blue, cream, olive, and gold. retain this beauty and not overwhelm
with too much finish, a coat of raw linseed oil was put on, then a coat of natural Jap-a-lat. and
394
The oil brings out the grain Jap-a-lac wax-like gives a preserving, The effect finish.
for the average family to the
the
kind attached to the gas range.
dust-proof,
With the latter there is a wait of at least twenty
THIS BUNGALOW SUGGESTS POSSIBILITIES OF OUTDOOR LIFE THE PORCH LIVING-ROOM IS FAIRLY OUT IN THE WOODS
THE HOUSE IS BUILT ENTIRELY OF WOOD HOUSE CARPENTERS MADE MOST OF THE FURNITURE FROM CRAFTSMAN DESIGNS
OUR
HOME
DEPARTMENT
here is a woven-wire let down, affording with pillows quarter or double bed. of Oriental cot with sides that A Bagdad cover, hues, makes it A at will a single, three-
very effective against the green walls. to one corner.
huge. red Chinese lantern adds its touch The back porch has proved an outdoor living-room. Here we breakfast, wash, iron, sew, work, and play. which pierces its roof, for the appreciation exterior. much of Craftsman
FIRST FLOOR PLAN
The oak tree
as if in gratitude
that spared it, gives carpenters mostly made from
the back of the house the most attractive The the house furniture,
designs,
and it was finished from choice
to match the room in which it belongs. The davenport boards was made ten-inch minutes for results, with a collaborator necessary to turn the gas off, as it is beyond reach of the bather. In the meantime water is heated for all over the house when not needed, with a consequent waste of gas. With a good make of the kind placed in the bathroom, results are instantaneous and it can be managed at will from the tub. The outdoor much attention. bedroom has attracted No photographs will selected from the house
lumber, and is very effective in reality, if not in the photograph. objects, like some people, graph well. Chairs with seats of woven rawhide are scattered in and about the house. These Some inanimate do not photo-
give much idea of its loveliness, for in it you are in the treetops, with a view of one of the most beautiful bays in the world.
.OPf5-x .&E
No insomnia there if you can once close your eyes on the magic of the moonlight or the glory of the dawn. No rain either, for the storms come from the opposite direction, and the three-foot are stained overhang of the roof serves as a protection. and floors olive-green with stain, number The walls Craftsman
six, then covered with a coat of shellac. The bed used
SECOND FLOOR PLAN
397
OUR
HOME
DEPARTMENT
top of the safe, six inches from each end and three inches from the back. A cleat is nailed to the wall underneath the safe. A cabinet kitchen table accommodates the flour, sugar, bread, etc., and at the same time forms a standard for the gas plate. A removable oven is used. sired. A Craftsman A screen keeps sideboard the kitchen features from view when debuilt-in under the long window in the grill-room is one of the things that is to be. By lengthening two good-sized the house a few feet could be made Closbedrooms the is
They are picturesque and inexpensive. come finished with so light a coat of oil that they readily take any stain desired. Pine boughs as commodious The following ing without where beautiful with cones serve towel and hat racks. detail is to explain livUnderneath ironing
a pantry: dustpan, facing
stairway and a portion of the platform broom, boilers, etc., are kept. the platform fretwork. Hanging meat
board, has
The portion under the grill-room
recessed shelves with doors of Japanese Here dry on the back five feet groceries are kept. porch long, wall is a seventeen
of the one, and enough space gained to allow a pantrywnder give a kitchen. depends the stairway. ing in the square of the back porch would The cost of the bungalow of the country and the conditions being the lowest
K. Boynton.
safe,
inches high, Herein food.
and fourteen cooked
inches broad. and perishable hung three
The back and doors are of wire netting. is kept The safe is securely
on the section $300
in which it is built, there prevailing, estimate.
feet from the floor by two screw hooks in the wall that fit into screw eyes in the
JAPANESE
WALL
PAPERS, mo-
CHEAP penditure. developed
AND
BEAUTIFUL
decide to take a house of your own and play at housekeeping for a while. It fact opens endless vistas of decoration so dear to the feminine mind. -in that delightful and ugly And-blessed land expense is not consideration. there; is surrounds Japan is unknown
HERE
is no more fascinating
The result is that a perfectly sense of beauty has become an
ment of ones experience
in Ja-
pan than the one in which you
inalienable part of the national consciousness, and that ugliness is not. The poorest, straw-thatched has the beauty sloping roof-lilies village hut of line and color in its
eaves and brown velvety thatch, that grow along its ridge-pole. interior has its
and a touch of art in the line of yellow The cheapest, commonest
the one and all-important The cheap but the cheap
and beautiful
charm of esthetic color and arrangement. Beauty varies in degree, but not in fact; and it is not until one has lived some time in Japan that one suddenly awakens to And the knowledge that the se&et lies in the
you like the air you breathe. artistic one, therefore
not a rich nation, but it is essentially an the problem with the people for hundreds of years has been to obtain the greatest amount of beauty with the smallest 398 amount of actual ex-
elimination of what is not beautiful.
so it is that to keep house in Japan is a
CORNER OF LIVING-ROOM IN BUNGALOW, SHOWING FIREPLACE AND LOW WINWW CASEMENT
JAPANESE WALL PAPERS OF THE CHEAPEST MAKE, BUT EXQUISITE IN DESIGNS AND COLORS
OUR
pleasure regulated the state of ones pocketbook.
HOME
DEPARTMENT
a gleam of blue sea. Japanese I determined from the and I sent the first to adopt as far as possible idea of decoration,
but not restricted by
In this little article I am dealing with that first and decoration, fundamental keynote of the walls. In a purely Japaare
for a very excellent or wall-hanger, sultation). brought They
and reliable kyojia, sodan (con-
with whom I proceeded
nese house you may be sure of finding the walls satisfactory, ters familiar that their them. for the Japanese governed by unfailing to them. good taste in matIt is only when foreign sense style deserts
to have a real old-fashioned
When he understood my plan
he entered heartily into it, and as a result samples of all his cheapest and for my inspection. prettiest wall papers
they attempt to do things native artistic
were of the most delicate designs
Then it is that they will give you
and colors, many of them, but following a theory of my own, I decided that for a somber room I should have a dark, rich paper, and fill the interior with glowing color, brasses, gold screens, and richly tinted hangings. The one I selected was my
cheap and ugly imported papers, and honestly think that they are doing what will please you best. What their own carefully concealed opinion of your taste may be, there is no way of finding out. When I took a house it was at the beginning of the winter season, and being by the thought of maI selected a little foreign with real walls and chimrooms This, side veranda runI at once deIt was easily and wicker arfrom it almost influenced largely terial comfort, brick bungalow neys.
of wood fiber, a very soft, rough, woody brown, against which as a background Japanese on gold fully. paintings and brocade Again following and prints mounted stood out delightthe Japanese cus-
There were four good-sized
tom of reflecting light from below instead of above,

tatami,
and a wide glassed-in
I had my floors covered with fitted together like puzzle
ning the full length of the house. having a southern exposure, tory and sun-parlor made charming chairs ranged itself and tables, in one. indeed
the smooth, light, rice-straw mats are designs to suit the size
which
cided should be converted into a conservawith plants without
blocks in varying of the room. covering, springy
These make an ideal floor and deliciously
being warmer than rugs on acunder foot. On the floors, for
count of their thickness
suggestion
me; the walls, of course, were pale green, the light wicker furniture fully, brown Daimyo and I found obtained tea-jars and the varying greens of the plants blended delightthat a note of rich one interior or two old to be from The
the convenience of my Japanese guests as well as for the color effect, I placed several flat kneeling-cushions brightly the walls hanced tinted cushions. and ceiling by narrow strips of dark red; The effect of enunof light, and on my Indian reclining chair I piled were greatly
set about proved
very effective.
gave more
thought, the rooms all having a northern exposure and looking out upon a densely wooded hollow, through the branches of which could just be caught here and there
painted wood running lengthwise and a single strip running
of the the 401
ceiling in spaces of about two feet wide, around wall like a picture molding, and outlining
OUR
HOME
DEPARTMENT
the corners of the room and the openings pers, many of which are used only for of doors and windows. It may souna the backing of screens, but which for that slightly bizarre, but the first exclamation very reason are made of especially tough of every one who entered it was, Oh, fibrous material. On returning to this country one of the things that struck me most forcibly was the almost universal ugliness of the wall coverings in the houses of the poorer and even of the well-to-do in most instances monplace or garishly people. vulgar. They are comWhy may ready-made and simple, And either tonelessly how pretty ! So much for my living and work-room. For the dining-room irregularly I found nothing covered with so rice broad effective as a sort of an ivory-toned
Paper, splashes of some kind of mahogany-colored wood bark. so well decorated especially ceiling adapted and tloor.
With this the walls are as to need little else, Some of the delicate particularly one especially of a very light with gold. A
we not have some standard of good taste even in this land of tawdry, articles ? Are good colors hari%onious designs exorbitantly some slight color?
if combined with a dark wood
seaweed papers were found to the bedrooms, in the cut) (reproduced
unobtainable?
why, above all, is it that we must pay so high for a little beauty, for charm of esthetic line and
green, with a design of pine needles and cones, the latter touched reddish brown ventionalized of pine seaweed paper with conpicked Some and that I
That which is as universal as air
in Japan, here is scarcely to be met with under a yearly income of five figures, and not always then. For almost more hopeless than the badness itself is the satisfaction with what is bad, because it is usual and customary. I fall into despair when wallpaperers estabI visit the ordinary
tree designs,
out in gold, is also very charming. the wave designs are beautiful, one of the prettiest dining-rooms
saw while in Japan had a deep frieze of this design, combined with plain tones of ivory and Chinese blue. for This background blue and white china and the blue proved to be charming and a fitwoman which I
lishment, and am shown roll after roll of paper of poor quality, of colors and signs totally devoid of whose crude, jarring for America, monotony of art or poetry,
de-
and white Japanese color prints, or nishiki-ye, ting frame for the very beautiful who lived in it. Of course these papers of speak are the cheaper among the Japa-
rises up to the
and smites me in the eyes. the richest realize
It is reserved nations, for
the minimum of beauty
maximum of cost. is what Lafcadio pleasure
Surely the lesson we Hearn calls making inout
There are numberless grass nese papers. cloths and silk textures that are used iu the better class Japanese houses, and that can even be obtained over here at a high cost; but they are no more charming in paeffect than these cheaper, commoner
most need to learn from Japan just now (or beauty) the commonest the beautiful Anna H. Dyer.
stead of the costliest of experiences-the divine art of creating of nothing !
402
THE
CRAFTSMANS
OPEN
DOOR
SUGGESTIONS
OF INTEREST TO HOME-BUILDERS AND HOME-MAKERS
everlasting Donegal These Irish
OR those wanting
the very best in
rugs and carpets, there is an end to the quest in the rich, artistic, and rugs. products, like their
Oriental prototypes, are essentially a hand production. The tufts, or mosaics of small woolen squares, knots into longitudinal beams. as William warps, From Morris called them, are all tied by the fingers in stretched three to between parallel
a dozen workers toil on a rug or carpet, slowly working out the design which is before them. It is safe to say that in depth closeness of pile, richness of coloring, grace of design products, nothing Donegal they are intended. wanted. Specimens and and
can excel these
all of which are made
to order and can therefore carry out any color scheme or design of the room for which In the matter of shape and size too they can be made exactly as
of these rugs may be seen at any of the first-class houses dealing in in the larger cities. z &
these lines, or at interior decoration establishments
SAVE THE AND SAVE
LAWN MONEY
The tidy or the untidy lawn will make or mar the entire surroundings of the house, and nothing is more disfiguring wash; it is entirely unnecessary The advantages too. are, to the average lawn than a lot of leaning clothes posts with Hill Clothes Dryer, which while small, carries
their long line of rope filled with the family There is a device known as The from
100 to 150 feet of line and revolves on a single post.
that when not in use, you simply fold it up like an umbrella and store it in the In addition to this, when the grass is wet or snow is lanndry until wanted again. on the ground, you do not tramp all over the yard, but stand in one spot, revolving This arrangement is econthe dryer and bringing every part of the line to you. omical, neat, effective, and does away entirely with the old time disfiguring whatever. posts, leaving the lawn entirely free and clear of any obstruction are made by the Hill Dryer Co., 386 Park Ave., Worcester, tisement may be found in this issue.
Xl11
clothes They
Mass.,..and their adver-
. ..
OPEN
THE WORLD AS A GIFT The growing
DOOR
is leading to the
desire for artistic home furnishing
manufacture of very many little single pieces which until comparatively recently could not be had excepting in a single style.
An example of this growth is the Mission Library Globe placed on the market by the Atlas School Supply Company, 315 Wabash Avenue& Chicago, Illinois. These globes wanted. are absolutely correct and are twelve or eighteen inches in diameter as They are supported by stands made of quarter-sawed oak and so designed and constructed as to go well with Craftsman furnishings. Here is a chance for a Christmas gift as suggested by their advertisement in this issue.
very appropriate
FINE
ART
The season of resistible
indoors, places
and the gatherings in your home, you
around the open-fireknow the luxury Nouveau of
IN TILES them.
place is now in full cry, and if you have one or more of these irmeeting we refer you to the Fireand
If you have not, or, if you intend building or remodeling, This company manufacture
Trent Tile Co., of Trenton, N. J., and their advertisement of LArt place in this issue. and for use not only as fire-place
a line of art tiles of great variety, indestructible+naterial is required.
settings, but for floors, walls, wainscotings,
every place where an artistic and practically procure a very attractive booklet illustrating
By writing to The Trent Tile Co., at the address given, CRAFTSMANreaders can some of their choice designs.
BOOKCASES AS GIFTS
In
case you are puzzled
about appropriate
things for Christmas
gifts, there is a suggestion of a way out of the difficulty to be found in the advertisement of the Globe-Wernicke Certainly, a set of elastic bookcases Co., of Cincinnati, Ohio, would be appreciated in
made in this issue.
any home where there is a love for books. in the library. They
One of the features about these cases is
that they are made on such plan as to be readily adapted to any size or shape space may be had ilnished with a polish, or if desired to go with other Craftsman furniture they are supplied in a dead finish in either oak or mahogany. These cases are carried in stock by agents in over 1100 cities and a beautiful booklet may be procured by writing the company No. 106K. at Cincinnati, asking for catalogue
A NAME WITH A MEANING everything,
If the distinguished gentleman who originally asked the question Whats in a Name? had lived to-day and been an advertiser, he would have realized name. that there is very much, if not which is so emis an example of their porcelain Co., of Pittsburgh, Certainly the word Standard, care in the manufacture xiv
in a well-chosen
phasized by the Standard Sanitary Manufacturing of a happy choice. Through unceasing
OPEN
judged. duct.
DOOR
by which others are and their proSanitary
enamel ware, these goods have come to represent a standard in a trade-mark considered which will always serve to distinguish
The wide publicity which they are giving to this name is a great investment this company The bathroom, bedroom, kitchen or lavatory of a house which to-day would be modern, must make the intimate acquaintance Co. A choice book on Modern of the Standard Bathrooms will be sent for six 89.
Manufacturing
cents in postage and the name of your plumber and architect, if you are building. Address the company at Pittsburgh, Pa., and mark your envelope Dept.
RELI ABLE PAINTS AND COLORS
To that large portion
of CRAFTSMAN readers interested in
paints and artists materials, as well as to another large portion interested in colors and varnishes for exteriors and in the announcement in this issue by John W.
interiors, there is much of importance Masury & Son. ness. Quality
The dominant note in it all, is that of high quality and dependableIt is not always so in some things shows at once on the surface. and this is especially true when it comes to Time is the thing which tells, and then and the reputation they have
easily detected in some other things, it is too late to correct the error.
artists tube colors and art paints generally.
The house of Masury & Son has been established
since 1835, with branches in New York and Chicago, guarantee to all present and future purchasers.
secured in all these years is not only a result of high quality in their goods, but is a
REAL WALL
ART
IN
In the advertisement deserve repetition,
of W. H. S. Lloyd
Company
in this
COVERINGS
issue, there is a paragraph
which is not only so true as to in a way what rapid A compara-
but it illustrates
strides are being made toward the most artistic decoration of our homes. tively few years ago, almost anything found acceptance
as a decorative wall cover-
ing, providing it had lots of bright color. To-day this is all changed. The paragraph referred to is as follows: It has become an axiom with the best school of modern art in house decoration that a room, to be satisfying, a whole. Color-schemes are planned friezes as carefully and artists whose names on canvas are recognized the designing The Lloyd London, of the beautiful Company the best interior work. are the American representatives of Sanderson & Sons of and they carry a large line of the latest productions in art wall hangings, If you are building or remodeling, including many masterpieces by noted artists. you should call on or correspond New York City. xv with the Lloyd Company at 26 E. 22d Street, must be considered as as the composition of a picture, in
the world over, lend their art to that figure so largely
and wall coverings
OPEN
CHARACTER IN DOORS
DOOR
So long 8s doors are 8 common feature of house interiors, it is just as well to have them artistic, and the Morgan Company of Oshkosh, Wis., have devoted their efforts to producing these details in the
most artistic way. They go SOfar as to claim that the character of the whole interior can largely be proclaimed by the doors. They manufacture them in a great variety of woods and styles and in such way as to prevent shrinking, cracking, or warping, and will ship them to you complete and ready for hanging. They offer to send to any CRAFTEYANreader, a copy of their booklet The Perfect Door on request, addressed as above and marked Dept. C.
HAND-WOVEN ARE EXTREMELY
FABRIC
RUGS
The beautiful
rugs of Colonial
days are winhome
and,are particularly appropriate for bedrooms, dining-rooms, bathrooms and libraries. Their reViV81 started when a Philadelphia woman made one for her own home, but they are now made in considerable quantities by the American Fabric Rug Co., whose announcement and $3, $3.50 and $4 Christmas offers appear in this number. These rugs are carefully made on handand are durable, rev&sible, and washable. The It contains interesting inbesides describing their own products.
POPULAR
ning back their place
in the American
looms, from new strong materials, booklet issued by this concern formation
is well worth reading.
about rugs and rug-making
FOR REAL
THE BOY
The latest and best book ever published make and do things is The
for the boy who likes to which teaches a boy
Boy Craftsman,
how to earn money, enabling him to buy the tools and materials necessary for him to carry on his work. The book is thoroughly practical with the idea of economy in all its suggestions, a fact which should commend it to parents. illustrations, Messrs. treat in a clear and concise form Lee & Shepard, Boston, are section of this Lothrop, The chapters, illustrated by over 400 upon a great variety of subjects. the publishers, issue.
and price and details may be found in the advertising
xvi
LART
NOUVEAU
FIRE PLACE
HE latest foreign literature on Architecture and Interior Decoration is replete with illustrations of interiors that are charming for their elegance and simplicity, and in all LArt Nouveau predominates. All illustrations show an extensive use of Tile and Architectural Faience. Marbles are conspicuous by their abrence. (J We particularly note the abandonment of oblong tile, and the exclusive use of the square shapes, the prevailing size being a six inch square (JFor walls, wainscotings and firewith an occasional illustration showing a four or three inch square. place work our Della Robbia and Mat Glazed Tile are in exact accord with the movement above mentioned
ASK
YOUR SPECIAL
NEAREST FOR DESIGNS
TILE UPON
DEALER
TO AND
SHOW
YOU
SAMPLES COST
TILE
EVERYWHERE Write Dept. B for
ANYWHERE WITHOUT
APPLICATION Cataloaua
We make Wall and Fire-place Buildings, Hotels, Theatres, Architectural Faience.
Tile, Non-absorbent Railroad Stations,
Floor Tile and Ceramic Mosaics for Churches, Banks, Office Restaurants, Cafes, Private Residences, Porch Floors and
TRENT TILECOMPANY ~ZfZFZ!

Kindly mention The Craftsman
xvii
I
of
Another Convincing Instance of the Durability Old-Time Hand-Dipped Tin
HESE are the Stockton Surf Baths at Cape May, N. J,, which, as the picture shows, are roofed throughout with tin. Being right on t!-.e ocean, the roofs are continually exposed to the salt air and spray from the sea. During the Tummer months bathing suits are hung above them to dr), the salt water from the suits dripping directly upon the tin. The tin on these r- ofs was laid 27 years ago and, notwithstanding the unusually severe conditions of exposure, is still in perfect condition., The tin is painted every three or four years. Outside of this the tin has required no attention or repairs whatever. The Stockton Hotel, shown in the background, also has a roof of this same old-time, heavy-coated tin which has been giving service for over 20 years. Prospective builders and owners of buildings with unsatisfactory, troublegiving roofs should know that we offer to-day, in our Target-and-Arrow Old Style brand, this same old-time, hand-dipped, heavilycoated tin, which we have been selling for sixty years.
Write for free booklet A Guide To Good Roofs. It tells why Targetand-Arrow * Old Style tin (formerly c&d Taylor Old Style) will give you better service than any other tin or any other roofingmaterial.
N. & CL Taylor
Estahlished 18 10
Kindly
Company
Philadelphia
mention The
. . . xvlll
Craftsman
The presentation of a set of Bloba-Wornieko Elastic Book-cases performs a double service by extendind a recodnition to the intelligence of the recipient, while reflecting the hod jod&nent on the part of the diver. Both most naturally realize that no other article of furniture combines the elements of utility and beauty to so treat an extent as these particular cases, which allow such free exercise of individual taste in their arrangement and appeal 10 the best sentiments of home life by encouraging the care and cultivation of dood books. Discriminating buyers realize that the term 6%be-%~ick~ identifies the best sectional book-case obtainable, They are made in both dead and polish finish, Oak and Mahogany. and in three-quarter and fall lengths. approval, freight paid. Prices &form everywhere. Carried in stock by Agents in over 1100 cities. Where not represented we ship on instantly
Write for cataloQoe 106 K, containing color supple-
ment showing seven different finishes appropriate for libraries,
ris Shbs-%%ro icke co.

.
BRANCE STORES: NEW YORK. 389.382 Broadway. CEICAGO, P4.228 Kindly mention The Craftsman
CINCINNATI
Wabash Ave. BOSTON, 9143 Federal St. I
xix
DONEGAL HAND-TUFTED
AND
THE
RUGS
CARPET:
The structible description being rugs imported into this country.
Donegal Rug
Rugs are
represents
the highest
expression
of
art in floor-covering. used in their manufactqe,
These
celebrated
all hand-made. they are therefore
and practically indeNo machinery of any the best wear-resisting
IMPORTANT
Attention carpets hand-tufted is called and to the facilities to architects and others interested
TO
afforded
ARCHITECTS
by the executed Donegal interior make decoration. of rugs and They are in any
in high-class
a single
rug can be specially of color.
to fit any shape
of room
style of design
or scheme
41
SAMPLES. CAN HE SEEN AT ANY HIGH-CLASS HOUSE-FURNISHERS OR INTERIOR DECORATORS
The Kohe Rug

An inexpensive rug, which shall be desirable in pattern and artistic in color, and which will furnish as a floor-covering should, was not found till the Japanese printers and our own Colorists came together and produced our Kobe Rug. A most successful season with this rug, which seems particularly desirable for the Southern section of our Country, has induced us to make further designs and colorings for the coming From our designing department have gone to Japan these new conceptions, year. which will come back to us later in a further assortment of these Kobe Rugs.
The Shaiki Rug

In every way an takes the form of the rag carpet through its similarity of weave. improvement, however, its rich colorings make it a most desirable Dining-room or Library-floor covering. Both sides alike. A splendid piazza-rug.
Our Mission Rug

is very similar to the Shaiki, but lighter in weight and lighter in colorings. dainty effects in this rug make it very popular for chambers. g Many of the fabrics suggested by these furnishings are found in our collection. The
McGibbon & Company

Broadway at Nineteenth Street New York
Kindly mentionThe Craftsman xx
THE CABLER PIANOS

ADAPTED TO CRAFTSMAN SURROUNDINGS
0 M E S where Craftsman Furnishings prevail offered a really high-grade make of piano in with thinkadapted to this style which is growing so rapidly in favor 91 This case is a direct copy of an old book-case and writing-desk made by ing people. the Jesuits and carried by them in I 790 from Monterey, Mexico, to Southern California. Q The piano is one of our very best make and is an instrument to meet every demand of the most exacting artist and critic in point of tone quality, action, and every musical detail. The hinges and pedals are madeof solid hammeredcopper and of solid hammeredbrass. We furnish this style in oak with copper trimmings,and in mahogany with brass trimmings. Height, 4 feet, 6% inches; width, 5 feet, 3 inches; depth, 2 feet, 3 inches. We will be pleased to give fuller details and information regarding oak or mahogany on request, mentioning THE CRAFTSMAN. these pianos in either
ERNEST
WHITLOCK AND
CABLER
LECCETT AVES., NEW
mention The xxi
& BRO.
YORK CITY, N. Y.
Kindly
Craftsman
r.. 64 A
~.hiiw,r,, CLF7.mrr. Ai<hirrirr
Concrete Residence
at * Kennebunkport, Me.
COUNTRY RESIDENCES is the title of a new ONCRETE book just published by The Atlas Portland Cement Company This bcok contains about 90 photographs and floor plans illustrating numerous styles of concrete houses and should be of great value to those who are about to build. It has been collated for the purpore cf showing prospective house builders the advantages to be derived from a concrete dwelling. 4 A copy of this book (size I OxI2 inches ) will be sent, charges paid, upon receipt of $ I .OO. Address Publishing Department,
The Atlas Portland Cement Company

30 Broad Street, New York City
Character In Doors
The doors of your house should be chosen for their character and should be in harmony with the architectural motif. Doors should so combine good design with good construction as to become an integral and permanent part of the building.
Morgan Doors
meet these specifications as no other doors do, because they are produced under a perfect system of manufacture, and by artists and artisans whose sole aim has been to identify the name with all that is best in door design and construction. Morgan The products of the Morgan shops, as a consequence, not only prove their superiority to the discriminating eye, but are sold under an agreement that is an unconditional guarantee of satisfactory service. They cost no more than other doors. Write today for our illustrated booklet The Door Beautiful Sent free on request. telling you more about them.
Architects and builders are urged to wnte for our 64+n~e The Perfect Door, sent free where the request is written on catalogue entitled business stntionery.
Morgan Company, Dept. C, Oshkosh, Wis.

D*bibting Points:
Union
Morgan Sash and Door Company. West Trust Building. Baltimore. Maryland.
22nd and Union Streets. Mills and Yards. Foster
Morgan Chicago Ill. City. Michigan.
Company.
Kindly
mention
The
Craftsman
xxii
A PERFECT LAMP.
The Beck-Iden Lampstands 16 inches high from base to burner. It is solidly made of brass, finely burnished and finished in bronze--an object of real beauty and incomparable value. Toinsure the time1 placing of holiday orders, write early for ?booklet No. 14. Y
ACERLENE LAMP COMPANY 50 Untvcrsttv Place. New York
Btiild Your Home

Get Sargents Book of Designs before you select the hardware trimmings for your home. With its assistance you will be able o select hardware that is in perfect harmony with any style of architecture or interior finish. If you wish different designs to match the decorativeschemes of different apartments, this book will make their selection a pleasurable certainty.
OLD COLONY
From the hand-loom to the Home.
i
@ WEA.VERS,
Dorothy
Manners
Hand-Woven
RUGS
inexpensive, reversible and
11
Artistic Hardware
SARGENTS
The best kind of a Christmas gift. Reproductions of Colonial rugs. Made in the good old ways of our forefathers, from new and strong materials.
Artistic, washable. durable,
Y I
Special ChristmasOffers
2x3 ft. Rug . . . . . .31.15 4 = 7 ft. Rug
Its combines character with utility and durability. specification always insures lifelong satisfachon. The Easy Spring Principle of Sargents Locks reduces friction, saves wear, and prolongs the lie of the lock. Our Book of De&m will be of real value to you. Fifty-eight beautiful half-tone reproductions of diiti~ designs, with valuable suggestions to home builders. Sent free on application. SARGENT dk CO.,
156LeOluu~ Street New York.
3 x 6 ft. Rug.. . S3.00

.._$5.00
she. men or pink. Ss7ntto any address in the United States. cxprcss prepaid. on rcccipt of price. Order now and send 8 the nddrcss of your friend and WC willchipthe rues justin time forChristmas. Other sizes up to 12x18 ft. at $33.
Money back if not satisfactory

Write to-day for booklet A describing Manners Hand-woven Rugs, Carpets, Couch and Table-covers. Dorothy Portieres,
The Old Colony

Specid Christmas
Weavers,
$::fsyt-:;
Offers for Artr and Craj?s ShopI
Kindly
mention
The
Craftsman
.. . xx111
These Dining-room Pieces

will serve only as a suggestion of the purity of line and the attractive and livable qualities of
CRAFTSMAN
FURNITURE
Hunt, Wilkinson
invite attention to an exhibit
DESIGNS, ESTIMATES AND COLOR-SCHEMES CORRESPONDENCE INVITED
G&L Co.
PA.
of Fine Furniture and FURNISHED
1615 Chestnut Street, PHILADELPHIA,

scarfs, electric fixtures, entire house. We are also Designers, Frescoers, and Makers and Importers Furnishings, including all lmes of interior work and decoration.
of CRAFTSMAN FURNITURE, including portieres, tablelamps, rugs. Pieces may be had either for a single room or an
In an interesting little booklet just out, Mr. Stickley writes of the Craftsman Furniture and its inception and development. We will cheerfully give or send a copy of it to any one requesting it.
HUNT,
WILKINSON
2043-S
&
CO ., 1615 Chestnut Street, PHILADELPHIA,

FACTORIES: 1621-3 Ranstead Street
1622-4 Ludlow Street
PA.
MarkerStreet
Kindly mentionThe xxiv
Craftsman
The
Stamp
of quality
Martha Washington and Priscilla
Hand-Woven
FABRIC RUGS
Nothing better for a Christmas Gift
Strikingly beautiful in their simplicity and with an attractiveness that imparts an added charm in bedroom, dining-room, library or wherever they are used. Beautiful shades and artistic effects in all the various styles of American Fabric Rugs -Martha Washington, Priscilla, John Alden, Pocahontas and Waverly.
Martha Princess Bath Rug, 30 x 60 in., $3.50. CHRISTMAS OFFER. Priscilla, 3 x 6 ft., $3. If your dealer has not these Rugs in stock they In green, blue or pink. Washington, 3 x 6 ft., $4. Avoid the Christmas rush by ordering now. will be sent, express prepaid, on receipt of price. tag on every genuine American Fabric Rug At all good dealers. Look for the trade-mark Write us if your dealer cant supply you. no matter what the style. Write anyway for interesting illustrated booklet Hand-Woven Fabric Rugs, which describes the Rugs and tells about their making.
AMERICAN
FABRIC
RUG CO., Dept. K, 127 Duane Street, New York
With
the Christmas
Season
dose at hand
Chas. Kuhn Company

500 FULTON STREET, BROOKLYN, N. Y.
are prepared to show a full line of
Craftsman
Furniture
dlso porters
c7Manufacturers, and Jobbers
Imof
E?ZZkfhZ
and Fittings
Any piece of this Furniture, Metal Work or Needlework would make a gift which would last a lifetime and be a source of constant and increasing satisfaction.
b
Supplies
_
af
every description Chas. Kuhn Company

500 Fulton Street Brooklyn, N. Y.
Kindly mention The Craftsman xxv
Craftsman Fab rics

are satisfying scheme of LINEN, and many THE SHOPS in any well-considered CANVAS, CREPE furnishing. HOMESPUN, other materials that are WORKfound equally woven and dyed especially for use in CRAFTSMAN will be
practical and beautiful for general use.
Most 91. bcarfs Craftsman jute blues green Bloom hued, and in and
effective where Canvas, flax and brown.
for
Portieres, effects of forest there all woven
Pillows, are heavy dull are and manner We and tones
and threads reds Plain
for is of and and
sturdy coming Then uses, figured variety
desired,
in rich,
as well and Linens,
as in the soft
of yellow, delicateof sheer also use in only other
smooth-textured and and of that plain. other
for daintier sell a wide and
curtain-fabrics, cotton, with silk
materials weaves, not any
and wool, designs
of all weights
colors
harmonize but with decoration.
Craftsman plan
Furnishings, of household
well-chosen
91. lme
fully you send suited work idea our best IIS for
Full
information of fabrics, samples, give you samples you the may us
concerning or any
our it, will will
entire cheerwrite to If of will best cents
part of
and of carry
be furnished will you
to any one who prices an of it. have which the uses to wish to By idea the
suggestions. scheme we are ten out, that
decoration
fabrics
to complete Catalogue, of fabrics, adapted. and
sending gives and an
in stamps
onr complete
Needleexcellent of are they
characteristics Apply
colorings
to which
Gustav Stickley, The Craftsman 29 West Thirty-Fourth St..Ncw York City
Kindly
mention
The
Craftsman
xxvi
THAT ARE A CONSTANT EYESORE,
HILLS FAMOUS LAWN DRYER
w
H
toundathardwarestore.writefoiCatr
1L
E R
C 0..
3 8 6
Park Avenue,
Worcester.
Mass.
VivancoToolCabinets
FOlL SUE TOOLS; BESTOUALITY; FULLY WARRANTED ANDSHARPENED READY FOR SE Also assortmrlltof nails. sxcws. tacks. scww eyes. etc.. in dmwc~. All cabinets made of polished quartered oak. and fitted wirb brass binges, cylinder lock, an~ special brass tool fastenings. Write for Illustrated Catalogue of Tool Cabinets and Work Benches.
SAVE 505 ON YOUR CHRISTMAS PRESENTS Our Big New Catalogue No. 91 nircs prices and illustrations oo over 30.000 tbines that most families need for use or comfort.and is full of Holiday SUEpestions from cover to cover. It contains a lareer variety of labor-savior,money. eavinparticlesat lower prices than heretoforeshown in anycatalogueeverpubli~bed. You will spend hours of interestover its pales. You will marvelat the wonderful variety all completein one bir book. It makes buyinn pleasant as well a8 profitable; you cannot afford to Ix witbout it. Tbis up-to-date BuyersGuide cost us gl.00 to print. but we will send it to you post-paid.free of charge. Wr!trfor it ro.dor. Roy of us arld secure best goods at lowest prices. Prompt shipments.low freight and exples9 rate8.and a wuare deal ~YCIY time. We 41 reliable ~~~.l. wily. We gumvnttc roridafnrrim or ofundmur mono.
For
all Kinds of
Buildings
where shingles, unplaned boards or any other rough siding IS wed
Cabots Shingle Stains

~;i,fy more appropriate and beautiful coloring , wear better., co\t le\s to buy or apply They are the onlv Statns than nny other colorings. made of creosote, and wood treated wi<h creobate is not subject to dry-rot or other decay.
slw?~rrs @f stoind mod. and c~tzroge, seut /,-a? on mpest.
SAMUEL
CABOT, Sole Manufacturer
141 Milk Street, Boston, Mass. Aacnt, a*ZN rcnrral pornrl
~USf~
!DiOf
~MfMAMALs
Most economical. healthful and satisfactory -for old or new floorsdifferent patterns to match furnisbiws -ootwcar carpets. Stocks carded In lading cities. Prices sod cataloeue of design FREE. THE INTERIOR HARDWOO-D COMPANY MANUFACTURERS.
INDIANAPOLIS.
IND.
Kindly mentionThe Craftsman xxvii
Peasant
are universally BILITY NESS satisfying of their SIMPLICITY, DURAand great EFFECTIVE91 CONVENTIONare used in bold, decorative which couched onto work be
Embroiderks
because
in any scheme of household
designs, with 91 The
are carried out in applique. the background
heavy strands of linen floss. done
is so simple that it can easily
at home. 41 Craftsman fb a rics and designs are at the service 0 f every one.
the motifs shown here, we pod, pomegranate, orange. poppy, cornflower, crocus, horse chestnut and many other simple and effective plant motifs. These pieces are either furnished complete. as done by skilled needlewomen in T/z LraftsTitan Workshops, or stamped fabrics, with materials for appliquf and embroidery, are furnished to those who wish to do the work themselves. Our illustrated Seedlework Catalogue, showing all our designs, and giving full instruc:ions for working, as well as complete description and price list of all our materials, will be sent to any address on receipt of ten cents in stamps. Apply tc
addition to !llIn have the seed
Gustav Stickley,
The
Craftsman
29 Weat Thirty-fourth
Street. New York
Kindly
mention
The
Craftsman
Special Xmas Off wing

Mexican and Indian Handicraft
These beautifulhandkerchief8 ~re~eou~oehanddrawwork on fine Iiocn lawn. Full 11 inchessquare.asill,,strated. assorteddrsleos. Retailrcpularlyat 50~. each; Top handkerchief in iIIstra-
It is an occasionthat leaves an enduring lcpacy of drltnht for the m that you know will cherish pure beauty of lioc rod tooe-a8 cl1a8 for hearts that love and admirea ziver for the cxccIlcnt wehwu of a token riven in Perfecttaste.
T-e-CO
POTT-tSW
18been called tbc noblest contributionthat America has yet made eternal an: Its rhythmic~railce of form and its indescribableTECO GREEN -spiritual in delicacy, yet vigorously bcalthful -render it the gift of all pifts where inherent mcrit may expect appreciation. Two is also a welcome escape from the commonplace. Prices arc 81 op. lecesshown, left to right, are $10. $7. $2.50 &$10. Punch Bowl. $20. tquire at the Best Store in your city or write now w NPW TECO PORTFOLIO de luxe-the most arstic pottery book ever issued -with compliments of
Warrantedgenuine Mcmran handmade on pore linen that aill wear and wash well; imported direct Fromottr best Mexican workers In Mexico. 3 rows fine. drawnwork. hemstitched. loinches square.full%l.OOnlue. sent prepaidfor only SOceom. Same thing in largersizes at theoc special prices: 16 In. 61.11; 20 in. $1.85; 24 in. $2.00; 3 1 in. $3.00. Linen Doilies to match. 2 rowsof work. 6 1. 2Oc.: 8mn.300 Trayclothrt match. 12x18 ins. E1.10; 16x32 ins. $2.31; 20x41 ins. Q3.50. Special prices on sets : 24-l. Center md 6. 6-in. doilies for only $3.00; 33-i. Center and 6. 8-i. doihes only $4. SO. i_-
Hand-made
Indian Basket
15~.
Hand woven by lndlans from palm hbre; I inches high. durable. oscful. rnamcntrd. Sold everywhere for
with Zuni Basket FREE

Hand-wovenfrompure.band. 8punwool by Indian weavers: fast color8 in rich red. hlack sod white. Fine close weave: last a generation. Warranted absolutelygenuine. Size 3OxM) incherr. worth Ll8.00. delivered prepaidby express SIO.00. Any si7e. rnlor ot design woven to order. To introdwr thrw roes xc eive. for Drc~mbrr only. with each rur, hw hand-uosr S2.(10 Indian basket. 14 ,ches x,de. as show. free. ^_ made. Swastika Cross (aood luck) dcsipn. free. with orders of J2.511or more. One I-inch Indian basket (shown above) free Wllll TdCl?for $1.00. Our beautiful 80 pare Art Catalonue of Mexican and Indran Handicraft8eot free with orders. or alone 4 cents. Orders hlled same day received-no delay. Ordertoday -8atisfactlon waranteed.
Imeat RemrlerrGmuinr Indtan and Mt.&an Handmaft in the Wmld
for the holidays are made by

alje
IDEAL GIFTS
yarbie
$SJop
$itte Brtl j%dbittg Chicago
Zuei
FreePremiums $k~~.idhaii? Swasrh
The FRANCIS E.LESTERCo.,Dept. AV12,MesilIa Park, N. Mex.
There
are many beautiful
pieces
in hand-
wrought metal,-Bowls, Sconces, Plates, Trays, Book-supports, Nut Sets, Smokers Sets, Flower Holders, and of course there are always the
Cp Choice Little Christmas

HARRIET charmingly JOORS written
Gifk
JARVIE Q
CANDLESTlCKS
and di$tinctiwe and donor and recipient.
Such gifts are individual honor the good iate ofhoth
A Portfolio upon request.
of Illustrations .
will be sent
Reprinted from THE CRAFTSMAN, on fine stock, from new type, and containing four vonuhde illustrattons insepiaink on tinted Japan paper, in a neatly illuminated cover.
&pecialIp abapttb for 3Mibibuiit &if&$ or for &lasetmror 65rboole. appears on every piece.
Single copies,25 cents. A liberal discount for quantities.
The
name
le
GUSTAV STICKLEY. Publhher, 29 W. 34th St., New York
Kindly mentionThe Cmftaman xxix
STRENGTH, SIMPLICITY,BEAUTY
and that THINGS MAN strutted quality MADE FURNITURE that it will of unobtrusive SOLELY the friendlinees FOR USE which belongs to it give to CRAFTSdistinguishes the oak, character which of
f rom all others. means the lifetime and the GUSTAV slender, most but
It is ma d e for all manner of uses, and so conlast for the lifetime generations f&e to which light f&h. of many it is all of men. Some of it ie
1ow, broad and massive in build, and some is comparatively and plain, design, careful aaention THE proportion and
and all made with
STICKLEY,
CRAFTSMAN,
B W;~&~&;~EET
Kindly mentionThe Craftsman
CRAFTSMAN
is all made of AMERICAN completely mahogany, perfectly
FURNITURE
WHITE OAK, for its style is as
adapted to oak as the f&e old Colonial furniture was to and is so f&ished that the sturdy quality of the wood is
preserved in texture and color, while the surface is handrubbed to satin smoothness. The designs have remained essentially the same since the f&at pieces were made six years ago, and are not likely to be changed, f or when furniture is made according to structural principles that belong inherently to furniture, instead of being derived from architectural or ornamental forms, it is permanently satisfying because it meets at all times the need for which it was made. GUSTAV STICKLEY, THE CRAFTSMAN, 29W;:q$,F$EET
Kindly
mention
The
Craftsman
xxxi
Something
If you are home you
Entirely New
building or remodeling your may now get the most beautiful
OAK WAINSCOTING
by you the running buy foot carpet or or yard, just as would wall-covering This wainscoting is made in paneled sections and in heights running from two to six feet. It is of quartered white oak of choice quality and grain, and is so made as to adapt itself to any sort of room, and can be put up by your own carpenter. Many homes are without this touch of refinement and elegance because of tb e expense of wainscoting under old conditions.
Kindly
mention xxxii
The
Craftsman
May
now
be
purchased and at
in
any about
quantities
needed
HALEUSUAL
INTERIOR HARDWOOD COMPANY,
COST
Johnson City, Tennessee
and is not only suitable for side-walls, but f or ceilings and every use where paneled woodwork is desired. This oak wainscoting is made of selected f&red wood. and is built up of either three- or f;ve-ply, cross banded, and will not drink, check or waq.
Send ULIa rough diadram of room. showing doora. windows and jamb., and we will cheerfully send you an estimate of the cost for complete wainscoting or ceiling. The Companys milla DFC in the heart of the oak timber country, giving US access to the choiceat material with a minimum coat of handling. Q Write for Cataloguc and full information.
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The
Craftsman
The
FASTEST
20th Century
LONG DISTANCE TRAIN IN THE
Limited
WORLD VIA THE
NEW
YORK
Americas
CENTRAL
Greatest Railroad
LINES
This magnificent train is .equipped with Pullman cars of the very latest design, and has all the special features which have made the New York Central service so deservedly popular. Barber, Bath (fresh and with sea salt), Valet, Ladies Maid, Manicure, Stock A dozen other fast trains between and Market Reports, Telephone, Stenographer, etc.
NEW YORK, BOSTON Cincinnati, Indianapolis,

C. F. DALY,
and Chicago,
Passenger
Buffalo, Detroit, St. Louis, the

Traffic Manager,
Cleveland, West and

New York.
Columbus, Southwest
Kindly
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The
Craftsman
xxxiv
BORATED
TALCUM
hlobes
An Ideal Christmas
Any
Child
^. A
The handsomest library globe ever designed. 41 An attractive ornament suitable for any home. Useful and instructive. Q The convenient book rack makes it a useful article I of furniture. Q 12 or 18 inch diameterglobe ball-map lithographed in ten colors. Shows Oklahoma and Indian Ierritory as one state, Panama Canal, etc. q Stand made of specially selected quarter-sawed oak, any finish. Prices and jtdl descr$tion olt request.
ATLAS
316321
SCHOOL
Wabash Avenrne
SUPPLY
CHICAGO.
CO.
ILL.
Captain Jinks T H ero

By ERNEST CROSBY
TechnicallvCorrect
In Evervbetail
HE Oliver Typewriter is the highest embodiin a Visible excellence ment of mechanical Writing Machine. It is so mznutery $erfect that it will write on a postage stamp -so comprehensrve in its scorn.. that it adapts itself to e&y writingreqkrement of the business world. In the vital essentials of Visibiltty, Accuracy, Speed, Perfect AlignLegibility, ment, Powerful Manifoldmg, of Operation,
"
A keen satire on our recent wars, and an admirable anti-militakct

Christmas present for their eZderx. boys and
PROFUSELY ILLUSTRATED BY DAN BEARD There is not a dull page in the book. -South Aji-ican Newf, Capetown.
e-
OLIVEq
T~pe*ri*r
TAe Standard Visible Writer
stands first. We can give profitable several young men as Local Agents If open for engagement, get in office at once. employment to for the Oliver. touch with this
The author has added to our literature a notable work of satire, which, whether right or wrong, must appeal to all endowed with the national sense of hGmor. -New York Mail and Express.
12~10. cloth. 400 pages. $1.50, postpaid
FUNK
&
WAGNALLS
New
CO.
York City
The Oliver Typewriter Company

310 Broadway, New York City, New York
Principal Forcren Office. 71 Queen Victona Street. London
60 Enat 23d Street
Kindly
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The
Craftsman
xxxv
Art Wall Hangings and Friezes -THE LATEST DESIGNERS, PRODUCTIONS OF SANDERSON & SONS, LONDON, INCLUDING MANY MASTERPIECES RY NOTED ENGLISH ARTISTS
THE
LOMBARDY
FRIEZE
It has become an axiom with the best school of modern art in house decoration Color-schemes are that a room to be satisfying must be considered as a whole. planned as carefully as the composition of a picture, and artists whose names on canvas are recognized the world over lend their art to the designing of the beautiful friezes and wall-coverings that figure so largely in the best interior work.
which is merely suggested in the illustration, shows tall, slim, Lombardy poplars in the foreground. The whole of the picture is light in tone and very dim and shadowy, giving the atmospheric effect of early dawn on a musty The prevailing tones are soft greenish yellow in the back ground, with morning. a dimly-seen landscape suggested by the broad washes of dull gray-green. The poplars are also washed in very lightly in a pale, transparent tint of brown. There are glimpses of water among the hills, and these pools, like the clouds, are conventionally treated by light, suggestive lines in faint tones of brown and a green that is almost white. This design also comes in dull, pale tints of blue and gray, giving a feeling of moonlight, and in very soft tones of red _~._ ----_--For anythn~ in the he sqfestions, color-schemes, of artistic and exclusive decoration L*c., call upon the services of for wall or ceiliqr, or for
The Lombardy Frieze
W. H. S. LLOYD
Sole American Representati~,eJ qf SANDERSON
COMPANY
Foreign Manufacturers
@ SONS, London, andother
26 East 22d Street, NEW YORK

Kindly mention The Craftsman xxxvi

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TIFFANY & CO.

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The COLLECTORS MANUAL

Apartment TWO REDUCED ILLUSTRATIONS FROM

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STYLES the HOME

Books II. iii.

Home-Makers of Books Pictures

A Budget Artistic IV.

Children Publishers York

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