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3. Electric field intensity (E) at a point is the electric force (F) that
acts on a small positive charge (q0) placed at that point divided by the
magnitude of the small positive charge, i.e. E=F/q0
S.I unit of E is V/m or N/V. The positive charge q0 is called test
charge because it is used to detect the presence of electric field.
5. The terms used for E are electric field or electric field intensity or
electric field strength.
9. Electric field lines are used to describe the electric field in any
region of space. They start from the positive charge and end on the
negative charge. Two electric field lines never cross each other. The
direction of E is always tangent to the electric field line at every point.
11. The electric field (E) at a given point due to a number of charges
(q1, q2, q3, q4…….) can be found by using superposition principle. The
resultant electric field (E) is equal to the vector sum of all the electric
fields of all the charges at a point.
Or, E = E1 + E2 + E3 + E4 + ……
where E1 is field due to q1, E2 is field due to q2 and so on.
14. Many molecules behave as electric dipole. For e.g. HCl molecule
behaves as an electric dipole. The hydrogen part of the molecule is
positively charged, while chlorine part is negatively charged.
21. When a dipole is placed in a non uniform electric field, there is net
force acting on the dipole in addition to the torque tending to align
the dipole in the direction of the field.
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