VECHILE RUNS IN WATER

ABSTRACT
HHO otherwise known as hydroxy or Browns Gas is the gas produced from splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen from electrolysis and allowing the gas to stay in a premixed state for use ondemand without the need for storage. In 1918 Charles Frazer, a North American inventor, patented the first water electrolysis machine act as a hydrogen booster for internal combustion engines. Yull Brown, a Bulgarian born Australian inventor patented and attempted to popularize Browns Gas as a cutting gas and fuel additive during the 1970s and 80s. During the 2000s there was a huge influx in Browns Gas devices coming to the mark, with many sensational claims of bringing dramatic reductions in fuel consumption and exhaust emissions in internal combustion engines. Results include accurate measurement and analysis of diesel consumption and exhaust emissions of the diesel generator under 16 combinations of generator loading, HHO injection and water injection. The HHO and water are injected into the air intake manifold of the engine. Error margins and calibrations are detailed, and environmental conditions accounted for in the findings. HHO was shown to increase diesel consumption under all conditions tested, proportional to the rate of injection up to a 5.2% increase at 55% load with 6L/min of HHO addition. Oxides of nitrogen (NO ) emissions were reduced up to 11.8% with the addition of water and HHO from an externally powered electrolyser. Even if the efficiency of the HHO system could be raised to 100%, the thermal losses in the engine stage would still outweigh the economy gains from on-board HHO addition. WATER decomposed in HYDROGEN & OXYGEN by electricity, each liter of water expands into 1860 liter of combustible BROWN'S GAS * "Water decomposed into its primitive elements (Hydrogen and Oxygen), and decomposed doubtless by electricity, which will then have become a powerful and manageable force. Yes, my friends, I believe that water will one day be employed as a fuel". Browns Gas* can only be produced in a common ducted electrolyze. By not separating the product hydrogen and oxygen gases efficiency is improved; when hydrogen is in the presence of oxygen, immediately after electrolytic production, the formation of diatomic hydrogen and oxygen is preceded by the formation of hydrogen and oxygen molecular structures of increased energy content. This accounts for the increasingly efficient electrolytic reaction observed in series cell common ducted electrolyzes.

NON-POLLUTING FEATURE
Brown's Gas does not cause entirely environment environmental pollution because is gotten restored in vapor state after combustion being created in water. As see in combustion equation 2H2+O2 => 2H2O, carbon of Brown's Gas does not exist unlike existent fossil fuel. As well as there is no soot after combustion, it does not breed pollutant of carbon dioxide and so on. .

PERFECT COMBUSTION FEATURE

Brown's Gas is mixing gas that is mixed by the mixture ratio rate of chemical equivalent hydrogen 2 : oxygen 1. Therefore, is containing oxygen of necessary amount voluntarily at spread of a fire.

Because become perfect combustion without special oxygen supply, can get easily neutral flame.

IMPLOSION FEATURE
Brown Gas Generator produces Brown's Gas of about 1860 liter in water of 1 liter. On the contrary, if burn Brown Gas of 1860 liter by spark in hermetical pressure vessel, as soon as arrive to pressure peak value 0.5 MPa during explosion duration time 44/1,000,000 seconds, do to form degree of vacuum as volume decrease occurs by 1 of 1860 minutes at the same time implosion of low pressure moment cause pressure drop immediately. That is, water 1 liter are created again and remainder volume gets into airlessness. This is called the implosion phenomenon that is entirely other concept with explosion.

THERMONUCLEAR REACTION FEATURE

Flame of Brown's Gas has unique personality which atom and molecular hydrogen and oxygen react. Hydrogen atom and oxygen atom are permeated through atomic nucleus of heating zone material. Therefore, applied heat material is applied heat by hoter flame than flames of when gas is burnt alone among air because do thermonuclear reaction by hydrogen and oxygen. According to heating target material, Brown's Gas that has different thermonuclear reaction special quality can weld brick with iron just as it is.

REASON WHY BROWN'S GAS IS ECONOMICAL

If we electrolyze water, it is easy to think that this would be non economic because electrical energy is engaged much. But, if we make water into energy, we must know truth that energy is created more than triple or more because of the Brown Gas's features as mentioned above. In other words, because electrical energy only plays a simple role to dissolve water, calorific energy which is generated by combustion of Brown Gas(water). High-temperature feature of Brown's Gas Brown Gas shows us its more superior heating phenomenon than any other energy because it has a high-temperature concentration phenomenon. Especially, the recent environmental issues like dioxin can be solved by our company's hightemperature melting incineration technology with Brown Gas.

VALUE OF OXYGEN IN PRICE

We had forgotten the value of oxygen because we had used air for combustion so far although know to need oxygen at burning of all fuels. If we can supply pure oxygen in ease, we don't have to argue theoretical air or excessive air learned from combustion engineering. We must understand again how much we owe to the oxygen because High-temperature feature of Brown Gas is the thing by oxygen effect.

PRODUCTION
A pure stoichiometric mixture may be obtained by water electrolysis, which uses an electric current to dissociate the water molecules: Electrolysis: 2 H2O 2 H2 + O2 Combustion: 2 H2 + O2 2 H2O William Nicholson was the first to decompose water in this manner in 1800. The energy required to generate the ox hydrogen always exceeds the energy released by combusting it.

PROPERTIES
Oxyhydrogen will combust when brought to its auto ignition temperature. For a stoichiometric mixture at normal atmospheric pressure, autoignition occurs at about 570 C (1065 F).[5] The minimum energy required to ignite such a mixture with a spark is about 20 microjoules.[5] At standard temperature and pressure, oxyhydrogen can burn when it is between about 4% and 95% hydrogen by volume.[5] When ignited, the gas mixture releases energy and converts to water vapor, which sustains the reaction: 241.8 kJ of energy (LHV) for every mole ofH2 burned. The amount of heat energy released is independent of the mode of combustion, but the temperature of the flame varies.[6] The maximum temperature of about 2800 C is achieved with a pure stoichiometric mixture, about 700 degrees hotter than a hydrogen flame in air.[7][8][9] When either of the gases are mixed in excess of this ratio, or when mixed with an inert gas like nitrogen, the heat must spread throughout a greater quantity of matter and the temperature will be lower.

CONSTRUCTION
This research project had a large experimental portion requiring fabrication of a few different components. The components included manufacture of intake and exhaust manifolds for the engine, plumbing the diesel supply and metering system, rebuilding of electrolyser, and calibrating the electrolyser. The activities requiring risk assessment included cutting, drilling, grinding, welding and removal of old sodium hydroxide electrolyte (drain cleaner). A risk assessment was performed on each task so as to reduce the risks to as low as reasonable practicable. In each case two layers of controls were used to reduce risk and consequence of harm - personal protective equipment (PPE) and competence. PPE was used as the means to reduce risk of injury to acceptable levels. PPE for this task included wearing leather gloves, long sleeve shirt, welding mask for welding, room ventilation, face shield for cutting, grinding and drilling. An example risk assessment for grinding and cutting with an angle grinder is shown in Table 3. The controls included face shield with earmuffs, well ventilated room, and leather gloves.

Working with the water electrolysers involved potential for exposure to sodium hydroxide salt and solution, a base with a pH of 14. PPE including gloves and clear safety glasses were the primary safety measures used to reduce risk to a reasonable level. The tasks that required risk management included rebuilding the dry cell Electrolyser with extra plates for higher voltage electrolysis, and filling the electrolysers with fresh electrolyte solution 10% w/w aqueous solution of NaOH. Building the metered diesel supply system for the 28kW diesel generator set involved disassembly of the original supply system for inclusion of solenoid control valves for automated fuel flow rate measurements. The fuel lines contained diesel and posed a risk of diesel flicking into eyes. Safety glasses were worn to reduce this risk to acceptable levels.