Progress Test

Solutions

Problem 1: Roof-truss, snow load

B) Howe

A) Fink

Force P = 600 N
Length a = 4 m
Length b = 4 m

Force P = 600 N
Length a = 3 m
Length b = 4 m

The sum of the lengths of all

members is 39.84 m.

Maximum compressive force is
1622.5 N in member 15 and 46
each of length of 3.61 m.

Maximum tension is 1350.0 N in
member 12 and 34

The sum of the lengths of all

members is 41.64 m.

Maximum compressive force is
1622.5 N in member 16 and 57
each of length 3.61 m.

Maximum tension is 1350.0 N
in all horizontal members.

Problem 1A: Roof-truss, Fink, snow load

I obtained for the internal forces:
Forces on internal members
Member

For the support forces I obtained:

Support Forces

Force

Type

1 2

1350.0

tension

2 3

900.0

tension

3 4

1350.0

tension

1 5

-1622.5

compr.

5 7

-1352.1

compr.

6 7

-1352.1

compr.

4 6

-1622.5

compr.

2 5

-503.12

compr.

Force

x-comp.

y-comp.

2 7

503.12

tension

R1

0.00

1200.0

3 6

-503.12

compr.

R4

0.00

1200.0

3 7

503.12

tension

NOTE: Because the geometry of the truss and the given external loads are symmetric with
respect to the vertical line through joint 7, the internal forces and support forces exhibit
symmetry as well.

Problem 1B: Roof-truss, Howe, snow load

I obtained for the internal forces:
Forces on internal members
Member

For the support forces I obtained:

Support Forces
Force

x-comp.

y-comp.

Force

Type

1 2

1350.0

tension

2 3

1350.0

tension

3 4

1350.0

tension

4 5

1350.0

tension

1 6

-1622.5

compr.

6 8

-1081.7

compr.

7 8

-1081.7

compr.

5 7

-1622.5

compr.

2 6

0.00

zero

3 6

-540.8

compr.

3 8

600.0

tension

R1

0.00

1200

3 7

-540.8

compr.

R5

0.00

1200

4 7

0.00

zero

NOTE: Because the geometry of the truss and the given external loads are symmetric with
respect to the vertical line through joint 8, the internal forces and support forces exhibit
symmetry as well.

Comparison Fink vs. Howe roof truss

First, here is what the two trusses have in common: The maximum
compressive force is 1622.5 N in a member with a length of 3.61 m. Maximum
tension is 1350.0 N.

And now the difference: The Fink-truss has a combined length of all
members of 39.84 m versus 41.64 m for the Howe-truss.

So, you think one would prefer the Fink-truss. Right?

A second look at the data reveal though that in the Howe-truss two members,
26 and 47, are zero-force members. Either member does NOT even prevent a
member from buckling and are therefore indeed unnecessary!! Leave them out
saves 4m of material, and dives advantage to the new Howe-truss!!

Problem 2A: Beam Analysis

M =0
F = 0
A

20 0.5 40 0.25 + R E 1 = 0

R A + R E 40 + 20 = 0

F = 0
M =0

1) 0 < x < 0.25

V(kN)

R A V1 = 0

RE = 0

R A = 20

V 1 = R A = 20

RA x + M1 = 0

M 1 = 20 x

R A 40 V 2 = 0 V 2 = R A 40 = 20

20
0
-20

2) 0.25 < x < 0.5

F = 0
M =0
y

40 ( x 0.25) R A x + M 2 = 0

M 2 = 20 x 40 ( x 0.25)

M(kN.m)
5
0

3) 0.5 < x < 1

x

F = 0
M =0
y

R A 40 + 20 V 3 = 0 V 3 = R A 40 + 20 = 0

20 ( x 0.5) + 40 ( x 0.25) R A x + M 3 = 0 M 3 = 0

Problem 2A: Beam Analysis

d 2 y1
M 1 (x)
d 2 y1
20x
10x 3
=

=
y1 ( x ) =
+ c1 x + c2
EI
EI
3EI
dx 2
dx 2

1) 0 < x < 0.25

2) 0.25 < x < 0.5

d 2 y2
M 2 (x)
d 2 y2
20x 40
1
=

(x )
2
2
EI
EI EI
4
dx
dx
3
10x
20
1
y2 ( x ) =

( x )3 + c3 x + c4
3EI 3EI
4
d 2 y3
M 3 (x)
d 2 y3
=

= 0 y3 ( x ) = c 5 x + c 6
EI
dx 2
dx 2

3) 0.5 < x < 1

y1 (0) = 0 c 2 = 0

dy1

(0.25) = dy2 (0.25) c1 = c 3

dx
dx
y1 (0.25 ) = y2 (0.25 ) 0.25c 1 = 0.25c 3 + c 4 c 4 = 0
Displacement at point B

5
dy

dy2
(0.5) = 3 (0.5) 5 + c 3 = c 5 c 3 = 8 EI
625
dx
dx
4 EI
y1 (0.25) = y2 (0.25) =

5
6 EI
y2 (0.5) = y3 (0.5) 0.5c 3 = 0.5c 5 + c 6 c 5 =

8 EI

y3 (1 ) = 0 c 5 + c 6 = 0
c = 5
6

8 EI

y(x)

x = 0.25 (0;0.25)
dy1
dy1 10 2
5

=0
=
x
=0 1
x 2 = 0.25
dx
dx
EI
8 EI

x 1 = 0.25
dy
dy2 10 2 20
1
5

2) 2 = 0
=
x
( x )2
= 0
x 2 = 0.75 (0.25;0.5)
dx
dx
EI
EI
4
8 EI

1)
0
x

3)

dy 3
dx

=0

dy 3
dx

5
x = 0 x = 0 (0.5;1)
8 EI

Problem 2B: Beam Analysis

M =0
F = 0

V(kN)

R A + R E 40 + 20 = 0

F = 0
M =0

1) 0 < x < 0.25

25

5
0

20 0.75 40 0.25 + R E 1 = 0

R A V1 = 0

R E = 5

R A = 25

RA x + M1 = 0

V 1 = R A = 25

M 1 = 25 x

2) 0.25 < x < 0.75

x

F = 0
M =0
y

-15

R A 40 V 2 = 0 V 2 = R A 40 = 15

40 ( x 0.25) R A x + M 2 = 0

M 2 = 25 x 40 ( x 0.25)

3) 0.75 < x < 1

M(kN.m)

F = 0
M =0

25
4

5
4

R A 40 + 20 V 3 = 0 V 3 = R A 40 + 20 = 5

20 ( x 0.75) + 40 ( x 0.25) R A x + M 3 = 0

M 3 = 20 ( x 0.75) 40 ( x 0.25) + 25 x

Problem 2B: Beam Analysis

1) 0 < x < 0.25

d 2 y1
M 1 (x)
d 2 y1
25x
25x 3
=

y
(
x
)
=
+ c1 x + c2
1
EI
EI
6EI
dx 2
dx 2

d 2 y2
M 2 (x)
d 2 y2
25x 40
1
=

(x )
2) 0.25 < x < 0.75
2
2
EI
EI EI
4
dx
dx
3
25x
20
1
y2 ( x ) =

(x )3 + c3 x + c4
6EI 3EI
4
2
2
d y3
M 3 (x)
d y3
25x 40
1
20
3
=

(x ) +
(x )
3) 0.75 < x < 1
2
2
EI
EI EI
4
EI
4
dx
dx
y1 (0) = 0 c 2 = 0

y(x)

y3 ( x ) =

25x 3 20
1
10
3

(x )3 +
( x )3 + c 5 x + c 6
6EI 3EI
4
3EI
4

dy1

(0.25) = dy2 (0.25) c1 = c 3

dx
dx
y1 (0.25 ) = y2 (0.25 ) 0.25c 1 = 0.25c 3 + c 4 c 4 = 0
Displacement at point B

dy
dy2

(0.75) = 3 (0.75) c 3 = c 5

6875
dx
dx
y1 (0.25 ) = y2 (0.25) =

24 EI
y2 (0.75 ) = y3 (0.75 ) c 6 = c 4 = 0

45

y3 (1 ) = 0 c 5 =

32 EI
x = 0.33 (0,0.25)
dy
dy1
25 2
45

=
=0 1
1) 1 = 0
x
x 2 = 0.33 (0,0.25)
32 EI
dx
dx 2 EI

0.37

x 1 = 0.37
dy2
dy2
25 2 20
1 2
45

2)
=0
=
(x )
= 0
x

x 2 = 0.97 (0.25,0.75)
2 EI
4
32 EI
dx
dx
EI

dy 3
dy3
25 2 20
1
10
3
45

3)
=0
=
( x )2 +
( x )2
=0
x

2 EI
4
4
32 EI
dx
dx
EI
EI

x 1,2 < 0 (0.75,1)

320.78
y2 (0.37 ) =
EI

F46

F = 0
F = 0
M =0
1

R7 x + F13 cos + F24 cos = 0

P / 2 + R1 y + F23 + F13 sin + F24 sin = 0

F43

( F24 sin ) a + F23 a = 0 F24 sin = F23 ,

where sin =

1.2
2.44

and cos =

F65

F42
P/2

1
2.44

.
R7x

Hence we find :
F24 2340 N - tension,

F13 5850 N - compression,

F75

F23 = -1800 N - compressio n,

=0

F76

F65 + F64 cos = 0 F65 = F64 cos

F65 = 1500 N - compression

M 3 (4) = 58 kN.m M 3 (4) = 0 kN.m

=0

F67 F64 sin = 0 F67 = F64 sin

F67 = 1800 N - tension

where sin =

=0

F75 =

R7 x
cos

1.2
2.44

and cos =

R7 x + F75 cos = 0
= 3510 N - compressio n

1
2.44