THERMOFLOW MTV410

JUNE 2012
Examiners / Eksaminatore Prof JP Meyer, PhD, PrEng. Professor and Head, University of Pretoria Prof TT Chandratilleke, PhD (Cambridge), Professor and Head, Curtin University, Australia

INSTRUCTIONS 1. Time: 3 hours 2. Full marks: 100 3. Answer all the questions 4. Start every question on a new page 5. Neatness makes it easier to identify marks 6. Make sketches to identify points and nomenclature

QUESTION 1 [10] During a picnic on a hot summer day, all the cold drinks disappeared quickly, and the only available drinks were those at the ambient temperature of 30C. In an effort to cool a 350 mL drink in a can, which is 130 mm high and has a diameter of 65 mm, a person grabs the can and starts shaking it in the iced water of the chest at 0C. The temperature of the drink can be assumed to be uniform at all times, and the heat transfer coefficient between the iced water and the aluminum can is 170 W/m2.K. Using the properties of water for the drink, estimate how long it will take for the canned drink to cool to 4C. Give a motivation for the method/approach being used. QUESTION 2 [15] White potatoes (k = 0.50 W/m.K and = 0.13E-6 m2/s) that are initially at a uniform temperature of 25C and have an average diameter of 60 mm are to be cooled by refrigerated air at 2C flowing at a velocity of 4 m/s. The average heat transfer coefficient between the potatoes and the air is experimentally determined to be 19 W/m2.K. Determine how long it will take for the center temperature of the potatoes to drop to 6C. Also, determine if any part of the potatoes will experience chilling during the process. Use the analytical method (not the graphical solution). QUESTION 3 [10] Consider a 50-cm-diameter and 95-cm-long hot water tank. The tank is placed on the roof of a house. The water inside the tank is heated to 80C by a flat-plate solar collector during the day. The tank is then exposed to windy air at 18C with an average velocity of 40 km/h during the night. Estimate the temperature of the tank after 45-min. Assume the tank temperature to be at the same temperature as the water inside, and the heat transfer coefficient on the top and bottom surfaces to be the same as that on the side surface.

QUESTION 4 [15] Hot water at 90C enters a 15-m section of a cast iron pipe (k = 52 W/m.K) whose inner and outer diamters are 40 mm and 46 mm, respectively, at an average velocity of 1.2 m/s. The outer surface of the pipe, whose emissivity is 0.7, is exposed to the cold air at 10C in a basement, with a convection heat transfer coefficient of 12 W/m2.K. Taking the walls of the basement to be at 10C also, determine (a) the rate of heat loss from the water and (b) the temperature at which the water leaves the basement. QUESTION 5 [15] A 15-cm-wide and 18-cm-high vertical hot surface in 25C air is to be cooled by a heat sink with equally spaced fins of rectangular profile. The fins are 0.1 cm thick and 18 cm long in the vertical direction. Determine the optimum fin height and the rate of heat transfer by natural convection from the heat sink if the base temperature is 85C. The criterion for optimum fin height H in the literature is given by

H hAc / pk . Take the thermal conductivity of fin material to be 177 W/m.K.

QUESTION 6 [20] A counter-flow double pipe heat exchanger with As=9.0 m2 is used for cooling a liquid stream (Cp=3.15 kJ/kg.K) at a rate of 10.0 kg/s with an inlet temperature of 90C. The coolant (Cp = 4.2 kJ/kg.K) enters the heat exchanger at a rate of 8.0 kg/s with an inlet temperature of 10C. The plant data gave the following equation for the overall heat transfer coefficient in W/m2.K: are the cold-and hot-stream flow rates in kg/s, respectively. (a) Calculate the rate of heat transfer and the outlet stream temperatures for this unit. (b) The existing units is to be replaced. A vendor is offering a very attractive discount on two identical heat exchangers that are presently stocked in its warehouse, each with As=5.0 m2. Because the tube diameters in the existing and new units are the same, the above heat transfer coefficient equation is expected to be valid for the new units as well. The vendor is proposing that the two new units could be operated in parallel, such that each unit would process exactly one-half the flow rate of each of the hot and cold streams in a counterflow manner; hence, they together would meet (or exceed) the present plant heat duty. Give your recommendation, with supporting calculations, on this replacement proposal. QUESTION 7 [15] A thin-walled double-pipe parallel flow heat exchanger is used to heat a chemical whose specific heat is 1 800 J/kg.K, with hot water (Cp = 4 180 J/kg.K). The chemical enters the heat exchanger at 20C at a rate of 3 kg/s, while the water enters at 110C at a rate of 2 kg/s. The heat transfer surface area of the heat exchanger is 7 m2 and the overall heat transfer coefficient is 1 200 W/m2.K. Determine the outlet temperatures of the chemical and the water.
0.8 0.8 U 600 / (1/ mc 2 / mh ) , where mc and mh

Source: Cengel (2006) END/EINDE MEMO OF THIS PAPER IS ON CLICKUP MEMORANDUM VAN HIERDIE VRAESTEL IS OP CLICKUP/