PPO - prior permission only.

Certain airfields or events require advance notific ation (by telephone, for example) of your intended arrival. PROB - probability percentage, term used in Met reports. procedure turn - manoeuvre which reverses the direction of an aircraft"s flight during an instrument approach procedure to enable it to intercept the final appr oach course. PPR - prior permission required psi - pounds per square inch, a measurement of pressure. PTT - press-to-transmit (switch) on an aircraft"s control wheel or stick enablin g the pilot to make RT transmission "hands on" via a headset microphone. Purple Airspace - special temporary airways created for flights by certain membe rs of the royal family, notified by NOTAM. Q QFI - Qualified Flying Instructor. QHI - Qualified helicopter instructor. Quadrantal Rule - system of cruising altitudes used in UK uncontrolled airspace below FL250. Quarter-million - 1:250,000 scale ICAO aeronautical chart Q-code - code system developed when air-to-ground communication was by wireless telegraphy, enabling many routine phrases and questions to be reduced to three l etters. Now largely redundant, except these: QDM magnetic bearing to a direction-finding station. QDR magnetic bearing from the station. QFE atmospheric pressure at aerodrome elevation. With its sub-scale set to the a erodrome QFE an altimeter will indicate height above that airfield. QFU magnetic orientation of runway in use. QNE reading in feet on an altimeter set to 1013.2 millibars (standard pressure) when the aircraft is at aerodrome elevation. QNH altitude above mean sea level based on local station pressure. QSI change of frequency (use of QSY is officially discouraged in the UK but it i s still in use in some other countries) QTE true line of position from a direction-finding station. QUJ true bearing R RAC - Rules of the Air and Air Traffic Services section of the AIP rabbit lights - colloquialism for sequentially flashing lead-in runway approach lights. RAeS - Royal Aeronautical Society RAF - Royal Air Force ramp weight - maximum permissible weight of an aircraft, which exceeds maximum t ake-off weight by an allowance for fuel burned during engine-start and taxi. RAPID - change expected to take place in thirty minutes or less, term used in me r reports.

RAS (1) - rectified airspeed. Indicated airspeed corrected for instrument positi on error. RAS (2) - Radar Advisory Service. Provided outside regulated airspace to notify pilots of conflicting traffic and to advise suitable avoiding action. Under RAS controllers aim to achieve a minimum separation of five miles or 5,000 feet agai nst unknown conflicting traffic Rating - add-on qualification to a pilot"s licence, e.g. Night Rating, Multi-eng ine Rating, Instrument Rating, Seaplane Rating etc. Individual Type Ratings are necessary to fly aircraft over 12,500 pounds MTWA. RCL - runway centre-line. RBI - relative bearing indicator, displaying ination from the ADF. RDO - radio.

RIS - Radar Ination Service. Provided to notify pilots of conflicting traffic outside gulated airspace, but offering no avoiding action. RMI - radio magnetic indicator. A navigation aid which combines DI, VOR and/or A DF display and will indicate bearings to stations, together with aircraft headin g. RMK - remark(s). Wrenches/Sockets Open End Wrenches Spline End Wrenches Crowfoot Wrenches / Combination Wrenches Hex Wrenches Slab Ratchet Ratchet Wrenches Torque Wrenches Pipe Wrenches Adjustable Wrenches Six Point Sockets Twelve Point Sockets Universal Sockets Adaptor Socket Extension Universal Joint Screwdrivers Fast Screwdrivers Electronic miniature Screwdrivers PILLIPS Screwdrivers Magnetic Screwdrivers Flat Tip Screwdrivers Speeders Pliers Needle Nose Pliers Locking Pliers Safety Wire Twisters Adjustable Joint Pliers Connector Plug Wire Strippers Combination Slip-Joint Pliers

 Convertible Snap Ring Pliers Diagonal Cutters Wire Crimpers Electronic Tools Safety Lamb (Miners Lamb) Flashing Light Interphone Electronic Iron Earphone Static Wrist Battery Charger Speaker Receptacle Electronic Runner Electronic Drills Flashing Emergency Light Ultrasonic Measuring Tools Steel Rulers Tape Rulers Outside Micrometer Feeler (Thickness) Gauges Measuring Cup Dial Caliper Gauges Multi Meter Meg Ohm Meter Diversiform Inspection Mirror Magnifier Flexible Two_claw Pick Up Tool Flexible Magnetic Pick Up Tool Utility Knife Scraper Knife Snip (Scissor) Saw Chisels Punch Tripod (Spider) Copper Hammer Iron Hammer Rubber Hammer Hook File Nipper (Pliers) Pin Removal Tools Pneumatic Runner Pneumatic Drills Rivet Gun Injector (Squirt) Oil Cart Hydraulic Fluid Cart