Elct604 FB Amp

1
Spring 2010 1
ELCT 604: Electronic Circuits
Chapter 3:
Feedback Amplifiers
Associate Prof. Dr. Soliman Mahmoud
Faculty of Information Engineering and Technology
Electrical and Electronic Department
Soliman.awad@guc.edu.eg
Assistant Prof. Dr. Ahmed Madian
Faculty of Information Engineering and Technology
Electrical and Electronic Department
Ahmed.madian@guc.edu.eg
Associate Prof. Dr. Soliman Mahmoud & Dr. Ahmed Madian
Electronics and Electrical Engineering Department
ELCT 604, Electronic Circuits
Spring 2010 2
Feedback Amplifiers
Objectives and outline:
1. Introduction and definitions
2. Classification of Amplifiers
3. Feedback Concept
4. The effect of Feedback on Gain, frequency response,
input resistance and output resistance.
5. Approximate Analysis of the Feedback Amplifiers
6. Examples
2
Spring 2010 3
1. Introduction
Definitions:
1. Feedback: Is the process where by a portion of the output is returned to the
input to form a part of the system excitation.
Open-Loop Amplifier
-ve FB Amplifier (Closed Loop Amplifier)

Spring 2010 4
2. Why Feedback ?
i. The feedback improve the frequency response and make the amplifier more stable
ii. The feedback improve the sensitivity of the amplifier.
Definition:
Sensitivity of the amplifier : S
A
A
dA
S
A
=
iii. The feedback decrease the nonlinear distortion.
iv. The feedback decrease the noise effect on the amplifier.
H H
f f
FB
> &
L L
f f
FB
<
A A
S S
FB
<
3
Spring 2010 5
1. Voltage Amplifiers : The input is voltage
The output is voltage
For Ideal amplifier:
R
in
= and R
out
= 0
Such that v
in
= v
s
and v
out
= A
v
v
s
v
S
out
A
v
v
=
A
v
= Ideal voltage gain
But actually, the actual voltage gain A
V
out L
L
in S
in
v
S
out
V
R R
R
R R
R
A
v
v
A
+ +
= =
Spring 2010 6
2. Current Amplifiers : The input is Current
The output is Current
R
in
= 0 and R
out
=
Such that i
in
= i
s
and i
out
= A
i
i
s
i
s
out
A
i
i
=
A
i
= Ideal current gain
But actually, the actual current gain A
I
out L
out
in S
S
i
S
out
I
R R
R
R R
R
A
i
i
A
+ +
= =
4
Spring 2010 7
3. Transconductance Amplifiers : The input is Voltage
The output is Current
R
in
= and R
out
=
Such that v
in
= v
s
and i
out
= G
m
v
s
m
s
out
G
v
i
=
G
m
= Ideal Transconductance gain
But actually, the actual Transconductance gain G
M
out L
out
in S
in
m
S
out
M
R R
R
R R
R
G
v
i
G
+ +
= =
Spring 2010 8
4. Transresistance Amplifiers : The input is Current
The output is Voltage
R
in
= 0 and R
out
= 0
Such that i
in
= i
s
and v
out
= R
m
i
s
m
s
out
R
i
v
=
R
m
= Ideal Transresistance gain
But actually, the actual Transresistance gain R
M
out L
L
in S
S
m
S
out
M
R R
R
R R
R
R
i
v
R
+ +
= =
5
Spring 2010 9
3. Feedback Concept
We sample the output signal by a suitable sampling network and transmit this
signal back to the input through the feedback network. At the input, the
feedback signal is mixed with the external signal source by means of a mixer
network and the compounded signal is applied to the input of the basic amplifier
network.
According to the types of Mixing & Sampling, the FB amplifiers are classified
into 4 topologies.
Spring 2010 10
(a) Types of Mixing
1. Series Mixing
A
+
-
v
f
+
-
v
i
+
-
v
S
v
i
= v
s
-v
f
FB
Example:
FB Element In Series in the I/P Loop
6
Spring 2010 11
(a) Types of Mixing
2. Shunt Mixing
A
i
S
i
in
= i
s
-i
f
iin
if
/P node (B for BJT or G gate for
MOST)
FB
Example:
FB Element connected to the I/P node
Spring 2010 12
(b) Types of Sampling
1. Series sampling Example:
FB Element in series with load (R
L
)
A R
L
+
-
v
out
i
out
Xf = iout
FB

7
Spring 2010 13
(b) Types of Sampling
2. Shunt sampling Example:
FB Element connected to the o/p node
A R
L
+
-
v
out
i
out
Xf= vout
FB
Spring 2010 14
FB Topologies
Shunt o/p is v
out
Shunt FB is i
f
I/P is i
s
Series o/p is i
out
Shunt FB is i
f
I/P is i
s
Series o/p is i
out
Series FB is v
f
I/P is v
s
Shunt o/p is v
out
Series FB is v
f
I/P is v
s
sampling Mixing
V
f
=
FB
v
out
& This amplifier is Voltage Amplifier
V
f
=
FB
i
out
& This amplifier is Transconductance Amplifier
i
f
=
FB
i
out
& This amplifier is Current Amplifier
i
f
=
FB
v
out
& This amplifier is Transresistance Amplifier
8
Spring 2010 15
Notes
1.
FB
is independent of load resistance and source resistance
2. If the FB signal X
f
is dependent on input and output signal
neglect input signal w.r.t output signal
Example :
out FB out
FB FB
out in
f
v v
R R
v v
i =
=
1 ) (
Spring 2010 16
4.(a) The effect of the FB on Gain
) (
FB S in out
X X A AX X = =
out FB S out
X A AX X =
A
A
X
X
A
FB S
out
FB
+
= =
1
(A
FB
< A)
9
Spring 2010 17
Note : The sensitivity of the amplifier with FB: S
FB
2 2
) 1 (
1
) 1 (
) ( ) 1 ( 1
A A
A A
dA
dA
FB FB
FB FB FB

+
=
+
+
=
A
dA
A A
A
dA
FB FB
FB
*
) 1 (
1
*
) 1 ( + +
=
A
dA
A A
dA
FB FB
FB
) 1 (
1
+
=
A
FB
FB A
S
A
S
) 1 (
1
,
+
=
S
A,FB
< S
A
Definition:
D = De sensitivity factor = 1+
FB
A
Spring 2010 18
4.(b) The effect of the FB on Higher
Cutoff Frequency
A
A
A
FB
FB
+
=
1
And
) 1 (
H
MF
S
A
A
+
=
FB H
FB MF
MF FB H
MF FB
MF
FB
S
A
A
S
A
A
A
,
,
1
) 1 (
1
) 1 (

+
=
+
+
+
=
) 1 ( *
, MF FB H
FB
H
A + = (o
H,FB
> o
H
)
10
Spring 2010 19
4.(c) The effect of the FB on Lower
Cutoff Frequency
A
A
A
FB
FB
+
=
1
And
) 1 (
S
A
A
L
MF
+
=
S
A
S
A
A
A
A
FB L
FB MF
MF FB
L
MF FB
MF
FB
,
,
1
) 1 (
1
) 1 (
+
=
+
+
+
=
) 1 (
,
MF FB
L
FB
L
A
+
=
(o
L,FB
< o
L
)
Spring 2010 20
4.(d) The effect of the FB on Input
Resistance
1. Series Shunt amplifier
Mixing - Sampling
Consider
V
FB
V
out
=
FB
Vs V
out
Volt.
Amp
From the I/P loop : in
out L
L
v FB in out FB in s
v
R R
R
A v v v v
+
+ = + =
) 1 ( ) 1 (
V FB in in V FB in s
A R i A v v + = + =
) 1 (
inf V FB in
in
s
A R
i
v
R + = =
( R
inf
> R
in
) (Series Mixing)
11
Spring 2010 21
Resistance
2. Series Series amplifier
Mixing - Sampling
Consider
v
FB
i
out
=
FB
v
s
i
out
G
M
Amp
) 1 (
inf M FB in
in
s
G R
i
v
R + = =
( R
inf
> R
in
)
(Series Mixing)
Similarly
Spring 2010 22
Resistance
3. Shunt Series amplifier
Mixing - Sampling
Consider
i
FB
i
out
=
FB
i
s
i
out
Current
Amp
) 1 (
inf
I FB
in
S
in
A
R
i
v
R
+
= =
( R
inf
< R
in
)
(Shunt Mixing)
Similarly
12
Spring 2010 23
Resistance
4. Shunt Shunt amplifier
Mixing - Sampling
Consider
i
FB
v
out
=
FB
i
s
v
out
R
M
Amp
) 1 (
inf
M FB
in
S
in
R
R
i
v
R
+
= =
( R
inf
< R
in
)
(Shunt Mixing)
Similarly
Spring 2010 24
4.(e) The effect of the FB on output
Resistance
1. Series Shunt amplifier
Mixing - Sampling
Consider
V
FB
V
out
=
FB
Vs V
out
Volt.
Amp
) 1 (
v FB
out
outf
A
R
R
+
=
( R
\
outf
< R
\
out
)
(Shunt sampling)
From the shown Figure:
) 1 (
//
\
\
V FB
out
L outf outf
A
R
R R R
+
= =
Where
L out out
R R R //
\
=
13
Spring 2010 25
Resistance
2. Shunt Shunt amplifier
Mixing - Sampling
Consider
i
FB
v
out
=
FB
i
s
v
out
R
M
Amp
) 1 (
m FB
out
outf
R
R
R
+
=
( R
\
outf
< R
\
out
)
(Shunt sampling)
) 1 (
//
\
\
M FB
out
L outf outf
R
R
R R R
+
= =
Where
L out out
R R R //
\
=
Spring 2010 26
Resistance
3. Shunt Series amplifier
Mixing - Sampling
Consider
i
FB
i
out
=
FB
i
s
i
out
Current
Amp
) 1 (
i FB out outf
A R R + =
( R
\
outf
> R
\
out
)
(series sampling)
) 1 (
) 1 (
//
\
\
I FB
i FB out
L outf outf
A
A R
R R R
+
+
= =
Where
L out out
R R R //
\
= and
0 =
=
L
R
I i
A A
14
Spring 2010 27
Resistance
4. Series Series amplifier
Mixing - Sampling
Consider
v
FB
i
out
=
FB
v
s
i
out
G
M
Amp
) 1 (
m FB out outf
G R R + =
( R
\
outf
> R
\
out
)
(series sampling)
) 1 (
) 1 (
//
\
\
M FB
m FB out
L outf outf
G
G R
R R R
+
+
= =
Where
L out out
R R R //
\
= and
0 =
=
L
R
M m
G G
Spring 2010 28
5. Approximate Analysis of the FB
Amplifiers
1. Identify the Topology of the FB : Mixing Sampling and
find the FB gain (
FB
= X
FB
/ X
out
).
2. Draw the amplifier circuit without FB and find the gain ,
input resistance and the output resistance.
3. Find the gain, input resistance and output resistance of
the feedback amplifier using the previous equations.
15
Spring 2010 29
Drawing the amplifier without FB
Open Circuit Load
If v
out
= 0 X
FB
= 0
Short circuit load
If i
out
= 0 X
FB
= 0
+
-
vS
vout
RL
VCC
RFB
O
/P

L
O
O
P
I/P
LOOP +
-
vf
+
v
i -
iout
+
-
iout
Open Circuit I/P Loop
iS
vout
RL
VCC
RFB
O
/P

L
O
O
P
I/P
LOOP
iin
if
iout
-
+
O/p
node
vin
Short circuit I/P loop (v
in
=0)
i
in
I
in
= 0
v
in
= 0
Spring 2010 30
6. Examples
Example 1:
For the shown FB Amplifier,
1. Identify the topology of the FB.
2. Find the feedback parameter
FB .
3. Draw the amplifier without FB.
4. Find gain, input resistance and
output resistance without FB.
5. Find the voltage gain, input
resistance and output resistance of
the shown FB Amplifier.
16
Spring 2010 31
Solution
Series Shunt amplifier
Mixing - Sampling
1. Topology:
V
FB
V
out
=
FB
Vs V
out
Volt.
Amp
2. FB gain
FB
From the shown figure
v
FB
= 1 * v
out
FB
= 1
Spring 2010 32
3. Amplifier without FB
I/P loop Sampling : shunt v
out
=0 (Short circuit load)
O/P loop Mixing : series i
in
=0 (Open circuit I/P loop)
RS
vout
+
-
vs
+
-
D
G
S
iout
RL
OC
17
Spring 2010 33
Therefore, the amplifier circuit
without FB as shown
4. Gain, input resistance and
output resistance without FB
R
in
R
\
out
R
in
=
ds S L out
r R R R // //
\
=
+
-
v
gs
g
m
v
gs
) // // )( (
ds S L gs m out
r R R v g v + =
s gs
v v =
) // // (
ds S L m
s
out
V
r R R g
v
v
A = =
Spring 2010 34
5. Gain, input resistance and output resistance with FB
) // ( 1
) // (
) // // ( 1
) // // (
1
,
S L m
S L m
ds S L m
ds S L m
V FB
V
FB V
R R g
R R g
r R R g
r R R g
A
A
A
+
+
=
+
=
R
inf
=R
in
(1+
FB
A
V
) = Series Mixing
m
ds S L
ds S L m
ds S L
V FB
out
outf
g
r R R
r R R g
r R R
A
R
R
1
// // //
) // // ( 1
// //
1
\
\
=
+
=
+
=
m
S L outf
g
R R R
1
// //
\
Shunt Sampling

Elct604 FB Amp

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Elct604 FB Amp

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

1

-ve FB Amplifier (Closed Loop Amplifier)

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen