Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
WORKBOOK
Contents
Orientation 9
Overview 11 Logistics Occupations 21 The Logistics Workplace 31 Workplace Law in Ontario 41 Training and Experience 51
Terminology 59
Terminology for Technology and Equipment 61 Terminology for Work Tasks 71 Communication in the Workplace 83 Health and Safety on the Job 97 Personal Plan 107 Glossary 119
Acknowledgements The Steps to Employment project was made possible with funding from Citizenship and Immigration CanadaOntario Administration of Settlement and Integration Services (CICOASIS). LCRT Consulting researched each sector, designed the curricula, conducted consultations on content, coordinated reviews by users and sector representatives and developed the materials. Many individuals and organizations were involved throughout the project. Thanks to all who provided input and support. March 2001
Katherine Babiuk Program Consultant Citizenship and Immigration Canada Ontario Administration of Settlement and Integration Services (OASIS) AlphaPlus Web Site Host Intellisearch, Toronto Public Library Media and Literature Research Kaoli Hanawa Illustrator Kathleen Doe Web Site Designer and Webmaster Kevin Cheng Graphic Designer Supercat Illustrations Louise Thomas Internet Research Alvin Ng Editor Trudy Kennell Editorial Consultant Skills for Change/HRDC Employment Resource Centre Focus Group Location Marijke Wertheim Intensive ESL Program School of Continuing Studies, University of Toronto Principal Researcher/Writer Andrea Strachan Curriculum Design/Senior Consultant LCRT Consulting Bruce Russell Curriculum Design/Senior Consultant LCRT Consulting Peggie Shek Project Manager LCRT Consulting Monika Etzler Toronto District School Board, LINC Program Outreach and Recruitment Consultant Eliza Doyle Working Skills Centre ESL Reviewer Oi-Ying Fou Skills for Change/HRDC Employment Resource Centre Focus Group Facilitator Kate Rotering Learning Innovations and Academic Development George Brown College Advisor
The information in the Steps to Employment series was researched, collected and written between 1999 and 2001 by LCRT Consulting under contract with Citizenship and Immigration Canada. Some of the information may change in time. Please consult the contacts listed for the most current information. The Steps to Employment workshop manuals are strictly for use in non-commercial, not-for-profit educational environments.
Where do you begin? You just arrived in Ontario and want to find work in the Logistics sector. These are some of the first steps that you need to take. Know your sector employers, working conditions, and entry-level qualifications. Know your job-related traits be able to describe your skills, knowledge and interests. Know sector-specific terminology be able to discuss your occupation with others. Know what credentials are required and how to translate and evaluate your documents. Know where to get training, upgrading and help finding a job.
and prepare
; a personal plan for your next step to employment in Ontario
Orientation
Overview Logistics Occupations The Logistics Workplace Workplace Law Training and Experience
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OVERVIEW
In this unit you will learn about the logistics field in Canada regulations for this sector trends in the logistics sector
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Specifically, logistics involves forecasting and planning, purchasing, inventory control, scheduling, distribution, order processing, customer service, storage and transportation, and other complex functions. It is estimated that companies spend anywhere from ten to seventy percent of their operating budget on logistics processes, which contributed to about ten percent of the GNP in 1999. In the same year, 580,000 Canadians were employed in logistics sector occupations, which include everything from truck driver to buyer, customs broker to business analyst. The Canadian Professional Logistics Institute is the main national forum for logistics professionals and practitioners, and offers professional development and certification courses. In addition, most professions within the logistics sector have their own associations.
Quote from The Management of Business Logistics, West Publishing Company, 6th edition, 1996
Activity 1: Pronunciation
Listen to the instructor. Mark the syllable stress in these words, then practise saying each one. logistics availability practitioner scheduling manufacturer integrate purchasing inconvenience
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Activity 3: Discussion
1. The quote at the start of the reading mentions the right condition as one of the seven Rs. What does this mean? 2. Describe a situation where a logistics failure could result in major financial loss for a company. 3. Why do you think logistics only emerged as an important business concern after World War II, and not earlier in history? 4. The reading says companies spend from ten to seventy percent of their operating budget on logistics. What types of companies would spend ten percent, and what kinds would spend seventy? 5. The reading names four logistics professions. What part of the logistics process would these jobs apply to? Can you think of any other logistics professions? 6. What is the difference between logistics and supply chain management? 7. Why is an organization like the Canadian Professional Logistics Institute useful? Are there organizations like this in other countries?
Real stories
Gateway to the U.S.
The trade in goods between Canada and the U.S. is the largest trade flow in the world, and the largest two-way trade between any two countries. Japan is the second-largest trading partner for both countries, but Canadas trade with Japan is less than one-tenth of our trade with the U.S. The Americans are our largest trading partners for both imports (66%) and exports (75%), while U.S. trade with Canada represents 20% of its imports and exports. The amount of trade and the type of goods traded, however, vary by region. In central Canada (Ontario/Quebec), 21% of GDP is exported, with U.S. trade accounting for 83% of those exports. This is the most urban and industrialized region of Canada. It is home to threefifths of the countrys total population, and provides over 65% of total GDP. Two-way trade between this region and the U.S. tends to be in manufactured goods. In the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), manufacturing accounts for one-fifth of total employment, and major industries include electronics, automotive and transportation parts and equipment, machinery, communications equipment, sheet metal products, printing and publishing, meat processing, and food and beverage processing. Other exports from the central region include wood and paper products, metals, minerals and energy. While sea and air transport are important for international trade from Canada, rail and truck modes of transport dominate the northsouth movement of freight. In the last 20 years, trucking has increased its share of export traffic to the U.S. to 58%, and its share of U.S. import traffic to 75%. At the same time, market share for rail dropped by 5% for export traffic and 3% for import. The difference is determined by the type of goods moved. Rail is better for bulk products and raw materials, which tend to be exported from Canada, while trucks are better for manufactured goods, which make up the bulk of imports.
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Activity 4: Pronunciation
Listen to the instructor. Mark the syllable stress in these words, then practise saying each one. industrialized machinery determined dominate majority automotive beverage processing
Regulations
Many of the activities included in the logistics sector are subject to internal regulation by companies and external regulation by government. In storing, processing and transporting goods, Canadian distribution managers must abide by Canadian and foreign regulations, and by the terms of international agreements and conventions. These terms and regulations affect the following areas: kinds of products developed and traded must be in accordance with international product standards kinds of products developed and traded must not violate rules regarding restricted goods countries that can be dealt with and the terms of those dealings are outlined in foreign trade agreements and cannot include restricted countries terms of sale and shared responsibility with foreign buyers must agree with Incoterms modes of transport, carriers, and their activities must comply with insurance regulations, rules of fair competition, and other specific legislation documents and information required by transport companies, financial institutions and governments must be provided and properly completed costs will be affected by customs duties, exchange rates, tariffs and insurance.
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Many of the regulations affecting distribution are transport regulations. These include the Carriage by Air Act, Government Railways Act, Motor Vehicle Transport Act, National Transportation Act, and the St. Lawrence Seaway Authority Act, among many others. These acts cover rates, weights, handling, safety, and environmental concerns. In addition, many of these regulations have counterparts at the provincial level, which vary from province to province. Other regulations include customs and revenue regulations, and the Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act. This Act has a specific set of rules for each mode of transport which governs packaging, labelling, storage and handling, documentation, and accident reporting procedures. At the provincial level, legislation dealing with public warehousing covers liens on goods (including charges for storage, insurance, and labour), and the legal implications of warehouse receipts.
Activity 6: Pronunciation
Listen to the instructor. Mark the syllable stress in these words, then practise saying each one. receipt lien regulations legislation carriage environmental provincial documentation
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Activity 8: Comprehension
Work with a partner to answer the following questions. 1. Is the distribution of goods in Canada governed only by Canadian legislation? 2. What kinds of legislation affect business with foreign countries? 3. What mode of transport is governed by the St. Lawrence Seaway Authority? 4. Name some of the substances you think would be covered by the Dangerous Goods Act. 5. Is this system of regulation for logistics activities similar to the ones in other countries?
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to interpret that data effectively. Increased competition calls for faster response time, and allows smaller margins for error. For this reason, strong network and schedule modelling skills are becoming more important and more complex. As a result, logistics is starting to be seen as a core business process that affects the entire organization, pushing logistics functions to executive levels.
Activity 9: Pronunciation
Listen to the instructor. Mark the syllable stress in these words, then practise saying each one. deregulation interdependence quantitative outsourcing globalization qualitative competitive competition schedule synchronize sophistication accountability
1. When a company or government is required to explain its actions to its shareholders or the public, this is called _________________________. 2. A ___________________ consumer is a person who is knowledgeable about the product he or she is buying. 3. Another name for creating a representation of a process or project is ____________________. 4. An example of ___________________________ is contracting a law firm to handle your legal requirements instead of having a legal department in your company. 5. Anything that can be bought and sold is a _____________________________. 6. To get bigger is a quantitative change. To get better is a ________________________ change. 7. ________________________________ is the process whereby two or more things are coordinated, usually so that they happen at the same time. 8. When the government removes restrictions on pricing and opens an industry sector to competition, this is called ________________________________.
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The Canadian Association of Supply Chain and Logistics Management at www.infochain.org provides training and links to employment sites. The Canadian Institute of Traffic and Transportation at www.citt.ca Canadian International Freight Forwarders Association: www.ciffa.com Canadian Materials Handling and Distribution Society: cdn-mhds.org The Canadian Professional Logistics Institute develops training and certification courses, and produces a quarterly journal: www.loginstitute.ca The Canadian Society of Customs Brokers at www.cscb.ca offers education, information and licensing exams for brokers. The Council of Logistics Management: clm1.org International Warehouse Logistics Association: www.warehouselogistics.org Purchasing Management Association of Canada: www.pmac.ca
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LOGISTICS OCCUPATIONS
In this unit you will learn about different logistics occupations duties and responsibilities entry-level qualifications wages You will also practise how to describe duties how to describe your qualifications
Logistics occupations
According to the Canadian Professional Logistics Institute, logistics functions include: purchasing operations research, including demand forecasting, inventory control and production planning scheduling distribution, including warehousing, materials handling and packaging, shipping and loading, and storage order processing customer service transportation and traffic, including rates analysis and dispatching customs clearance international transport and freight forwarding information systems technology integrated logistics management.
This workbook will focus on five occupations drawn from a cross-section of these functions. These five occupations are: customs brokers dispatchers purchasing and inventory clerks shippers and receivers transportation managers
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Activity 1: Pronunciation
Listen to the instructor. Mark the syllable stress in these words, then practise saying each one. forecasting distribution inventory transaction requisition personnel feasible coordinate
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1. Dispatchers advise and monitor ________________________________ . 2. Shippers and receivers inspect and verify ________________________________. 3. Customs brokers prepare and process ____________________________________. 4. Purchasing clerks review _______________________________________. 5. Transportation managers coordinate _________________________________. 6. Inventory clerks compile _____________________________________. a) Add two more half-sentences like the ones above, and ask a partner to complete them. _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ b) Which occupations require workers to complete reports or maintain records? _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________
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Entry-level qualifications
Entry-level qualifications are the minimum requirements for workers with no previous experience in the logistics industry. Customs brokers Workers in this occupation require a high school diploma, and some post-secondary education in commerce or a related field could be helpful. On-the-job training is common and can take several years. Two levels of licensed qualification are available, both requiring substantial knowledge of Canadian policy and procedure in this field so work experience is mandatory. However, licensing is not required unless a worker wishes to progress to management level or to start a brokerage company. Dispatchers A high school diploma is usually required for dispatchers, and any previous background in communications or a related field is an asset. Depending on the field, employers may require some working knowledge of the field operators jobs; for instance, a trucking company may want its dispatchers to have worked as drivers or in some other trucking occupation. In addition, formal on-the-job training is common for dispatchers. Other requirements are a good knowledge of the geographical area and some typing skills. Purchasing and inventory clerks Workers in these occupations usually require a high school diploma. Purchasing clerks may also need community college courses in purchasing management, while it is recommended for inventory clerks to complete a two- or three-year program in materials management. Licensing and certification, however, are not required. Inventory clerks should also be able to operate a computerized inventory system. Shippers and receivers A high school diploma is usually required for shippers and receivers, but no licences or certificates are needed. Most training in these occupations is on-the-job, though some employers may prefer workers with previous experience in a related occupation or as a warehouse worker. Knowledge of regulations concerning WHMIS (Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System) and Transportation of Dangerous Goods (TDG) is an asset. Transportation managers Workers in this occupation require a high school diploma. Employers also often require several years of administrative experience related to freight traffic and, increasingly, a college diploma or university degree in business or transportation administration. Professional designation is available but not required. Experience with the relevant computer software for scheduling, as well as good knowledge of the geographic area, are essential.
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Activity 4: Pronunciation
Listen to the instructor. Mark the syllable stress in these words, then practise saying each one. designation certificate qualification licensing hazardous requirement background geographical
Activity 5: Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with information from the reading. 1. What are two types of post-secondary education? ______________________________ _________________________________________________________________________. 2. What are two other words for experience? ___________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________. 3. What is another word for require? _________________________________________ 4. What do you call something which is good to have but not a requirement? ___________ _________________________________________________________________________
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Activity 7: Discussion
1. Would a knowledge of regulations concerning WHMIS and TDG be useful in other logistics occupations besides shipping and receiving? 2. Do the occupations discussed in the reading have the same entry-level requirements in other countries? 3. Can you think of any other training that could be useful in these occupations?
Wages
Salaries in the logistics sector vary greatly depending on the training requirements, level of responsibility, and amount of experience. Most of the occupations detailed in this unit provide opportunities for advancement, with a corresponding increase in salary. Dispatchers, shippers and receivers, and purchasing and inventory clerks are paid an hourly wage, although the latter may receive a salary instead. Average earning for most of these occupations are comparable to those for similar occupations in related fields. Average earnings for transportation managers are comparable to managerial positions in other sectors, but they are among the highest for the trades and transport sectors. The chart below shows average salaries for the five occupations. Where there is a range, the level depends on experience. Occupation Customs broker Dispatcher Purchasing & inventory clerk Shipper/receiver Transportation managers Salary $25,000 $40,000 $24,000 $39,000 $23,000 $30,000 $30,000 $23,000 $54,000 $10/hour $10/hour $9.00 15.00/hour Wage
Activity 8: Discussion
1. Based on what you have read about duties and responsibilities and entry-level qualifications, why do you think customs brokers and transportation managers are paid salaries instead of hourly wages? 2. On average, what is the yearly salary for most of these occupations? 3. Do workers in these occupations receive similar rates of pay in other countries? 4. Based on what you read about the logistics sector in unit one, do you think these salary levels will increase, decrease, or stay relatively flat in future?
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Real stories
The lure of logistics
Logistics and supply chain management are key determiners of business performance for the simple reason that the ease and speed of moving goods and services along the supply chain has a big impact on profits. Furthermore, all businesses need logistics services in their day-to-day operations, and they spend a lot of resources on these activities. Nevertheless, most employers expect to have a hard time finding appropriate logistics personnel in the coming years, because while demand for entry-level and qualified people is high, supply is low. The huge growth in opportunities in this market has not been matched by an increase in college graduates from logistics programs. Yossi, the Director of the MIT Center for Transport Studies, offers potential students the following reasons for getting involved in the logistics field: 1. Its a big and growing sector of the economy, both in the U.S. and Canada. 2. Its challenging, and getting more so with the introduction of global supply networks. 3. Its important because it creates strategic business advantages. 4. It will lead to personal growth and promotion, as increasing numbers of executives will need logistics experience. 5. Its a source of crucial data through the customer service connection, which drives the supply chain. 6. Its booming, especially in the areas of contract logistics and the software those companies need to operate. 7. Its practices and methods are continuously changing. 8. You will be needed, because the demand for personnel is far greater than the supply. 9. It offers expanding and fulfilling career paths in a variety of industries. 10. And last but not least, its fun.
Adapted from Why Study Logistics? by Yosef Sheffi, www.mit.edu (MIT Center for Transport Studies).
Activity 9: Pronunciation
Listen to the instructor. Mark the syllable stress in these words, then practise saying each one. potential fulfilling determiner appropriate opportunity challenging strategic crucial
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Now visit the Conference Board of Canada Web site and look at the full list of Employability Skills. Do any of the skills you specified match the ones listed? Which of these skills do you think are particularly important for logistics sector occupations?
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College courses
Specialized training
University degree
Computer skills
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entry-level qualifications
see job ads in local newspapers, on job boards and on the Internet to see what employers are looking for. look in the National Occupational Classification (NOC) Directory at your local Employment Resource Centre. Read the Essential Skills Profile for your occupation on the HRDC Web site: www15.hrdc-drhc.gc.ca
workplace skills
have a look at www.worksearch.gc.ca to see what employers are looking for. Access is under How Do I Market Myself. visit the Conference Board of Canada at www.conferenceboard.ca and search for the employability skills profile. look at the requirements for logistics professionals at www.worklogic.com:81 visit the Possibilities Project at www.possibilitiesproject.com to find out about jobs skills and jobs in demand
salary expectations
look at the report on wages at www.workwave.com look at job ads in the newspaper. talk to someone who works in the logistics field.
Employment
Real stories
Moving windows
Richard works as a logistics supervisor for a company that produces roof windows and accessories. The team of 20 people that services these orders includes a warehouse manager, stock controllers, warehouse workers, a truck driver and Richard. The majority of deliveries are carried out by third-party haulage companies, with more than 20 drivers regularly calling at the site. Richard worked as a stock controller and a logistics analyst before taking his current job three years ago. He enjoys his new job because each day is unpredictable, with new challenges for him to meet. What he doesnt like about it is the long hours, which can be tiring. A typical day for Richard begins by checking the computer system for orders that must be dispatched that day. This system is constantly updated during the working day as new orders are placed. Richard then groups the orders into logical delivery groups. He has to consider factors like vehicle capacity, the times of day when customers will accept deliveries, and whether they require a prearranged booking before delivery. The next step is to arrange with haulage companies for trailers of appropriate sizes to be available for loading at appropriate times. This process of reviewing outstanding orders, collating them into delivery groups and arranging for loading and dispatch continues throughout the day. At the same time, he must deal with telephone queries from the sales offices about delivery schedules. Richards day ends with a check of outstanding orders, planning two or three loads for the next morning and arranging for trailers to be available. He often doesnt finish until 6:30 or even later. Richard thinks his job could develop in future, giving him more time to analyze the performance of the warehouse and the distribution process in terms of reliability, cost and satisfying customer requirements.
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Activity 1: Pronunciation
Listen to the instructor. Mark the syllable stress in these words then practise saying each one. vehicle dispatch haulage supervisor controller reliability outstanding prearranged unpredictable
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Human Resources Development Canada (HRDC) expects growth in employment in logistics occupations to be fair to good through 2008, depending on the type of employment. Growth in distribution-side occupations, including dispatcher, purchasing and inventory clerk, and shipper/receiver, is expected to be only fair, while the outlook for customs brokers and transportation managers is considered good. Overall, knowledge jobs, like supply chain management, which require analytical and cross-functional skills will increase, while data and information processing jobs will remain steady or decline. In general, the growth in the logistics industry indicates employment requirements across the sector should increase through 2004, with most of this work expected to be in the wholesale and retail trades. However, in the fields of distribution and transportation management, the growing use of computerized systems for inventory control and tracking means the best labour market opportunities will go to those with the best computer skills. Furthermore, with more graduates from logistics courses entering the market, HRDC expects the number of job openings to be matched by the number of job seekers for the next few years so that, despite increasing demand, finding work may be challenging. Workers in the logistics field must therefore update their skills and knowledge regularly in order to stay competitive. Employers generally hire through newspaper ads or through a college or other training institute. On-line job banks and networking (talking to people who work in or have some connection to the industry) are other good sources of job information. In some cases, volunteer work can be a foot in the door (provide access to a job).
Activity 4: Pronunciation
Listen to the instructor. Mark the syllable stress in these words then practise saying each one. unionized competitive analytical networking brokerage manufacturing
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Activity 7: Discussion
Discuss the following questions with a partner: 1. Why do you think so few women enter the logistics workforce? 2. Based on what you learned in unit one, why do you think knowledge jobs are on the increase? 3. How does computerization affect the job market? What effect has it had on your particular occupation? 4. Is your occupation unionized in other countries? If not, can you think of any advantages to it being unionized? 5. How did you find work in other countries? 6. Do you know anyone who has found work in your occupation in Canada? How did they find a job?
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Working conditions
Vocabulary
Full-time means 40 hours a week and a regular schedule. For example, Monday to Friday, 9 to 5. Part-time means working only a few hours a week. For example, less that 25 hours a week, maybe Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday, 10 to 3. Casual part-time means that work is not steady. Sometimes it may be 10 hours a week, and sometimes 20. It depends on how much work there is. Contract work means that you are hired to do a job or a project. When the job or project is finished, so is your employment. Job security refers to the permanence of a job. Shift work is a set number of hours in a day. For example, the day shift is usually from 8 AM to 4 PM.; the afternoon shift is from 4 PM to midnight; and the night shift, also called the graveyard shift, is from midnight to 8 AM. Salary is a fixed, regular payment to employees. This could be a monthly, weekly or bi-weekly payment. Wage is the regular payments received for work or services, usually given as an hourly amount. Benefits are paid for by employers to pay for things like sick pay, dental plan and parental leave.
Customs brokers Most work is performed in offices in cities or at border crossings. Workers at border crossings often work shifts to provide 24-hour service to clients. Entry-level positions could also involve evening and/or weekend shift work. Brokers in other locations usually work regular hours during the week, although they may have to come in on weekends or in the evening to meet scheduled shipments. Customs brokers may work full-time or part-time, depending on the company and on seniority. The job is normally supervised, though brokers may work independently or as part of a team. The work is not physically demanding, but it can be stressful. Dispatchers Working conditions for this occupation vary according to the employer. Some dispatchers work in small offices with simple equipment, while others work in large call centres with complex, computerized equipment. Dispatchers work in shifts. If service runs 24 hours per day, staff may work rotating shifts or be assigned to one particular shift. Nights, holidays and weekends are part of the schedule. The work is not physically demanding, but it does involve sitting for long periods of time and it can be stressful. Purchasing and inventory clerks Working conditions in these occupations vary by employer. Clerks usually work in offices or factories, but may also work in warehouses or stock rooms that are not always climate controlled. Work on loading platforms exposes workers to all kinds of weather. They
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typically work regular hours during the week, but evening and weekend hours may be standard in some jobs, and may be required in others when large shipments are due or inventory needs to be taken. The work can be physically demanding, involving frequent standing, walking, bending and lifting. Use of material handling machinery may also be required. Shippers and receivers Most shippers and receivers work regular hours during the week, although extra hours may be required during rush periods. In larger warehouses, shift work may be the standard. Most of the work is done indoors, usually in warehouses which can be dusty, noisy, and hot or cold if the loading doors are open. Work on loading docks is done in all kinds of weather. The job is physically demanding, requiring workers to spend most of the day on their feet. Workers may also be required to routinely lift items weighing up to 25 kilograms, and to operate materials-handling equipment. In some organizations, workers are unionized. Transportation managers Transportation managers usually work in an office environment, though the size and quality of the space and equipment may vary. Most work regular hours during the week, but in large organizations shift work may be required to cover 24-hour service. Overtime is not unusual, and while the work is not physically demanding it can be stressful, requiring decisions to be made under pressure. Depending on the size and nature of the company, some travelling may be necessary to evaluate locations for new warehouses or distribution networks.
Activity 8: Pronunciation
Listen to the instructor. Mark the syllable stress in these words then practise saying each one. casual frequent climate environment physically computerized
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1. When a job requires uncomfortable positions or a lot of effort or movement we say the job is _______________________________. 2. Forklifts are used to move heavy crates and containers. These machines are an example of _________________________________________________________. 3. If you usually stop work at 5 PM but have to stay until 7 PM one day to finish a job, we say you are working ______________________. 4. An example of ________________________________ is a workday that runs from 4 PM to midnight. 5. A building that has central heating and/or air conditioning is ______________________. 6. A ______________________ job is mentally demanding, where work is performed under pressure. 7. If you work a _____________________ shift, your working hours will change on a regular basis.
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Transportation Dispatcher The Transportation Group is a leading provider of Transportation and Supply Chain services to customers in North America. We are looking for an individual to serve as the liaison between our client base and the transport industry. The successful candidate will have two five years dispatch experience, strong customer service and administrative skills, proven written and verbal communication skills, and the ability to work in a Total Quality environment that stresses teamwork. Computer literacy is required. Previous experience in third party logistics transportation would be an asset. CANDIDATE MUST POSSESS: Above average communication skills Geographic knowledge of the U.S. and local Toronto (GTA) area Canada/U.S. Customs knowledge Knowledge of load planning in either an LTL or T/L environment Above average computer skills: Windows 2000, Excel, Goldmine, Load Link and PC Miler Education requirements: High School; Post Secondary an asset. This is a full-time, permanent position working the afternoon shift. Salary range: $32,000-$42,000 Forward resumes in confidence to Kathy Lee, Operations Manager at klee@abc.com.
Logistics Coordinator KL Logistics is one of the largest and fastest growing third party transportation logistics providers in North America. We offer our clients customized solutions, business growth, peace of mind, and simplicity in addressing all their transportation logistics needs. Job Description: A logistics coordinator is responsible for formulating and delivering the optimal logistical solutions for our clients by organizing the movement of freight in the most cost-effective and reliable manner possible. Other responsibilities include: Finding optimal transportation routes for our clients. Negotiating rates with carriers. Problem-solving client specific issues and ensuring the highest level of customer service. Researching and finding new carriers. Researching pricing for new and existing clients Job Requirements: This is an ideal position for a results-oriented, self-motivated individual. Excellent communication and negotiation skills are required, coupled with effective problem-solving and organizational skills. You are also a hi-energy team player with great interpersonal skills looking for career advancement. Experience in the transportation industry would be a definite asset. This is an entry-level, full-time position. Salary range: $24,000 to $36,173
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Purchasing Specialist Location: Oakville, Ontario Responsibilities: National ISO 9001 Distributor requires motivated, TEAM oriented Procurement Specialist. Identify replenishment needs through customer orders and required inventory levels, and process purchase orders. Ensure deliveries are aligned with customer and company expectations. Entry and maintenance of supplier records. Analysis and negotiation of buying as required. Ongoing contributions to achieve and support company objectives. Qualifications: Post secondary education/training in Purchasing. Minimum two years experience in a buying role with Vendor negotiations. Proven track record in continuous improvement. PC skills required with proficiency in Office 97 (Excel, Word. PowerPoint would be an asset.) Strong communication skills, verbal and written. Ideal candidate has experience in safety and/or industrial products. Salary: $ 28,000 - $ 34,000 Fax resumes to: 555-555-7382
1. Are all these jobs permanent positions? 2. Ad #1 requires the ability to work in a Total Quality environment. What is this? 3. Ad #1 uses the term liaison. What does this mean? 4. Ad #2 requires great interpersonal skills. What do you think this means and why are they important in this job? 5. Ad #3 requires a proven track record in continuous improvement. What do you think this means? 6. Are any of the requirements different from or additional to the information given in this unit? 7. Are there any similarities in working conditions or requirements between these three jobs? 8. What is ISO 9001? If you dont know, how would you find out? 9. What is the GTA? 10. What are LTL and T/L? If you dont know, how would you find out? 11. Do any of these jobs interest you? Why or why not? Do you have all the necessary qualifications? 12. Work with your partner to formulate two questions you would ask the employers who posted these ads.
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employers
research business directories such as the Blue Book of Canadian Businesses and the Ontario Business Directory. They are available at any reference library and often in employment resource centres. visit Strategis at www.strategis.ic.gc.ca for information on companies in your field
working conditions
talk to people who work in the logistics field visit the HRDC Web site for a description of conditions in your job at www.hrdc-drhc.gc.ca visit the Vocational Information Centre at www.geocities.com/ResearchTriangle/Forum/7913/page38.html for a description of logistics sector jobs and working conditions, and a career centre
unions
Teamsters Canada at www.teamsters-canada.org represents a broad range of logistics workers. Canadian Labour Council at clc-ctc.ca is a federation of Canadian unions, including the Teamsters. United Food and Commercial Workers International Union (UFCW): www.ufcw.ca
job search
Work Search at www.worksearch.gc.ca Canada WorkInfoNet at www.workinfonet.ca visit www.manpowerprofessional.com for job postings many of the logistics associations have on-line career centres
self-employment
see the booklet Starting a Small Business in Ontario at the Web site www.ontario-canada.com. visit the Canada-Ontario Business Call Centre at www.cbsc.org/ontario or call toll-free at 1-800-567-2345 for the location of the nearest Small Business Self-Help Office
Employment
Activity 1: Discussion
Discuss each of the following situations. 1. John had a 15-minute coffee break in the morning, and another in the afternoon for the past year. Recently his employer reduced the breaks to ten minutes each. Can the employer do this? Anne was asked to pay for the uniform that she is required to wear at work. Can the employer do this? Munir refuses to test some hazardous material delivered to the lab this week. Can he do this?
2. 3.
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Employment standards
The Employment Standards Act is the law that contains Ontarios basic rules about the minimum standards for salary, overtime, vacations, maternity benefits, termination, and more. This provincial law covers most workers in Ontario. The Act describes: Minimum wage: Employers must pay both full-time and part-time workers at least the minimum wage. Any changes are announced in newspaper ads at least a month before the change happens. Hours of work: This is the number of hours for each normal working day. The Act says that the limit for most employees is eight hours per day and 48 hours per week. Employers must pay employees overtime if they work more than the legislated hours of work. Overtime pay: Overtime pay is the wage that employers must give workers who work overtime. Overtime pay is the regular wage x 1.5, or time and a half. Meal breaks: Workers must have a meal break each working day. The length of this meal break is determined either by the law, by the employer, or by union contracts. The Act does not set coffee and rest breaks, but some employers allow coffee and rest breaks throughout the day. Public holidays: Under the law, Ontario has eight paid public holidays. Workers who qualify for paid public holidays dont have to work on these days, but are still paid their regular wages for the day. Vacation pay: Workers are entitled to a minimum number of days of paid holidays each year. The law determines how long workers must work before they are eligible for paid holidays and vacation pay. Pregnancy and parental leave and benefits: This is the time off for a new parent. While on pregnancy leave, employees can receive employment insurance maternity benefits. While on parental leave, employees can receive employment insurance parental benefits. To qualify for these benefits, the employee must have paid EI over a period of time prior to the arrival of the baby. Deductions: These are payments that employers can legally deduct from an employees paycheque. They include Employment Insurance and Canada Pension Plan payments. Termination of employment: The law determines how employees or employers end their contracts and how much termination pay must be paid.
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Activity 2: Pronunciation
Listen to the instructor. Mark the syllable stress in these words, then practise saying each one. vacation compensation overtime standards deduction termination minimum benefits
Real stories
Did you know? While the typical vacation for North American workers is two weeks, many European governments mandate longer vacations. French employers are required to provide 25 vacation days per year. German workers are entitled to 24 days. In Spain, workers have 22 days. Employers in Belgium, Ireland and the Netherlands provide 20 days, and in the U.K. vacation requirements are from 15 to 20 days.
Source: Society for Human Resource Management 2000
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Activity 4: Interview
Work with your partner to fill in the chart with information about Ontarios employment standards, then ask your partner about workplace law in other countries. Question 1. What is the minimum wage? 2. How many weeks vacation do most workers get each year? 3. How many public holidays are there? 4. What are the normal working hours each week? 5. What are the normal working hours each day? 6. Are employers required to pay overtime? 7. What are some deductions from paycheques? 8. Is there maternity and parental leave? How long is it? In Ontario In ______
DEDUCTIONS
INCOME TAX EI CPP UNION DUES NET PAY
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Activity 6: Discussion
Brainstorm questions that an employer might ask or statements that you might see in a job ad that would be against the Human Rights Code.
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Activity 8: Matching
Match each situation with one of the following types of discrimination or harassment: P place of origin C creed __ R race A age G - gender D - disability
1. Andy answered an advertisement for a Girl Friday. The duties of the job involved typing, filing and sorting. When he asked for an interview, he was told that the job was for girls only. 2. Ameena applied for a job as a receptionist. Ameena is from India. She speaks English very well, but she has an accent. At the job interview, the employer told her that she was not right for the job. He said that the company needed someone who spoke English with no accent. 3. Andrea speaks with a stutter. One of her co-workers makes fun of her when she stutters. He knows that this makes it harder for her to speak, but he does it anyway. 4. Nathan works in a machine shop. He is black. Most of his co-workers are white. Last week his co-workers were telling black jokes. Nathan asked them to stop, but they just laughed at him and went on with the jokes. 5. Ute has been looking for a job for almost two years. She cant understand why it is so difficult. Her friends say that it will be impossible for her to get a job because she is 52 years old. 6. Ahmed is a Muslim. He has a special prayer time every Friday. Every Friday one of his co-workers teases him: There goes Ahmed to the mosque again!
Adapted from: Discrimination and Harassment at Work, CLEO. August, 1993
__
__ __
__
__
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Occupational health and safety applies to all workplaces, however some workplaces will have more health and safety hazards than others. Inform yourself by contacting the Health and Safety Association for your occupation or sector.
Activity 9: Pronunciation
Listen to the instructor. Mark the syllable stress in these words, then practise saying each one. hazard hazardous protect protection safe unsafe W HMIS occupational
E E E E E E E E
W W W W W W W W
1. Give information, training and supervision. 2. Not work or operate equipment in a way that could be dangerous. 3. Make sure safe work procedures are followed and equipment is used properly. 4. Report any broken equipment or safety devices. 5. Keep safety equipment in good condition. 6. Use the safety equipment available in the workplace. 7. Report any health or safety violations. 8. Provide training on how to handle hazardous materials.
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Workers compensation
Workers Compensation Act The Workplace Safety and Insurance Act says that workers who are injured at work or get sick from their work can receive compensation and assistance in getting back to work. The Workplace Safety and Insurance Board (WSIB) is the office responsible for administering workers compensation. The WSIB also enforces the provincial occupational health and safety system. No injury is too small to report! All employees must be registered with the WSIB. Employers must register any new employees with the WSIB within ten days of hiring, or they can be fined. Employers must also report any injuries that occur in the workplace to the WSIB within three days of the injury. Workers must report any injury to their employer immediately. If a worker misses work because of an injury or illness, the employer must report it to the WSIB within three days after the accident. Workers must also make a claim with the WSIB within six months of their injury. Although both the employer and the employee report any injury related to their job, employees must apply for workers compensation and the WSIB decides if the law covers a worker or not.
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employment standards
general information: contact the Ministry of Labour at 416-326-7000 or toll-free at 1-800-531-5551 visit the Ministry of Labour Web site at www.gov.on.ca/lab to view fact sheets on minimum wage, public holidays, hours of work, vacation overtime, and more
WSIB
contact the WSIB at 416-344-1013 or toll-free at 1-800-387-8638 visit the WSIB Web page at www.wsib.on.ca
WHMIS
call and ask for information on WHMIS and request a copy of WHMIS symbols from Occupational Health and Safety at 416-314-5421 or print a copy from www.gov.on.ca/lab/ohs/ohse.html
getting help
look up community legal clinics in the Yellow Pages visit settlement agencies in your community to seek out help search www.settlement.org or look in your telephone book under community services contact CLEO at 416-408-4420 for information on legal clinics in your area
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Real stories
Lynns story
When Lynn enrolled in the Materials Management Program at Conestoga College, she was a mature student with two young daughters. In the beginning she was concerned about her age, feeling she shouldnt have made the decision to go back to school so late in life, and unsure if she could compete with her younger classmates. With children to support, it was a stressful time for her financially too. She had to make sacrifices in her lifestyle and in the amount of time she could spend with her children. When she finished the course, her daughter said she was glad because now she would see more of her mother than just her back at the computer. For Lynn, the sacrifices paid off. In addition to new professional knowledge, the course also helped her prepare for employment and taught her valuable research skills which she used to prepare for interviews and which helped her to find work. She also found that employers considered her previous work experience to be an asset. Today, Lynn works as a Materials Consultant for General Motors Die Division, handling millions of dollars worth of inventory. She describes her main responsibility as ensuring that when someone in an associate factory in another country reaches for a part, the part is there. Her work requires self-discipline, and the ability to think for yourself and to stand behind your decisions. Its exactly the kind of job Lynn dreamed of when she went back to school.
Adapted from profile in careers.ocas.on.ca
Activity 1: Pronunciation
Listen to the instructor. Mark the syllable stress in these words, then practise saying each one. financially valuable associate discipline sacrifice ensure
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Activity 3: Discussion
1. Lynn says her sacrifices paid off. Does this mean she made money? 2. If you stand behind a decision or a colleague, do you follow them or support them? 3. Why was Lynn concerned about her age? Would you have similar concerns? 4. What sacrifices did she have to make? 5. What helped her to succeed in finding work? 6. Which skills does Lynn consider most important in her job? 7. Do you think Lynns sacrifices paid off? Why or why not?
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Training
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Trade certification To be employed in certain skilled trades, workers must have a Certificate of Qualification. This certificate says they have passed a provincial exam which assesses their knowledge of their trade. While not a requirement, certification, or licensing, is available in some logistics occupations. To write the exam, applicants must prove they have experience in the trade. Training consultants at Ministry of Training, Colleges and Universities apprenticeship offices help applicants gather the appropriate documents and evaluate these documents to determine if an applicant is eligible to write the exam. Many employers also want to see a Certificate of Apprenticeship as proof that a worker meets the standards of competency set by the industry. For some professions, especially those that use apprenticeship programs, experience can be more important to employers than academic qualifications. Always check requirements before spending money on translations. Prior learning assessment If you have training and experience but dont have a diploma, you may want or be required to get one here in Canada. Before entering an educational program in Ontario, you can have a prior learning assessment. This is a way to review and evaluate your learning achievements so you can be placed in an educational program in Ontario. A prior learning assessment evaluates your learning and experience, abilities, skills and understanding acquired through work and life experience.
Activity 4: Pronunciation
Listen to the instructor. Mark the syllable stress in these words, then practise saying each one. academic competency achievements credentials certificate prior recognize diploma eligible
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Canadian experience
Canadian experience can be a real barrier for newcomers to Canada. One of the main reasons employers want Canadian experience is because it means new workers will be familiar with and adapt to the workplace easily and quickly. You must be able to show that you have knowledge of the Canadian labour market, work ethic and common workplace practices. There are many ways to get this knowledge and some exposure to the Canadian workplace. Some examples are: Become a volunteer Being a volunteer provides you with the opportunity to work in a Canadian setting, and to show your commitment to the community. It also gives you a Canadian reference. To find out about volunteer jobs, call a community agency that does work in your area such as the volunteer association in your city. Ask for the volunteer coordinator to get information about volunteering. You can also check on the Internet. The Volunteer Centre in your city may have its own posting on the Web. Research the Ontario workplace Talk to a few people who have successfully adapted to the Canadian workplace. Compare the Canadian workplace with the workplace that you used to work in and find the differences. If possible, do volunteer work in your field. The HRDC Web site has information on the Ontario job market. Join a temporary placement agency Temporary placement agencies place workers in short term assignments for companies who require short term help. Unless you really like change and can afford to be without work for periods of time, this is a difficult way to make a living. However, this may be a good way to get Canadian experience. Just make sure you still have time to look for a permanent job. Many placement agencies have separate postings for jobs in technical or professional trades occupations. This is where you should start your search. Get help for your job search When you are ready to start your job search, join a job search program, a job-finding club or an assisted job search program. These will give you all the support and practice that you need. You can find information about these programs at any HRDC Employment Resource Centre.
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Activity 7: Pronunciation
Listen to the instructor. Mark the syllable stress in these words, then practise saying each one. volunteer temporary postings work ethic permanent commitment
Help build a playground The City of Waterloo is looking for volunteers to help build a community-designed playground with equipment for children of all abilities. It will also display artwork and other features requested by local children. The building committee needs volunteers to help with the logistics of the program: recruiting volunteers, fundraising, gathering tools, keeping a database, finding skilled and unskilled construction workers. This position entails a commitment of several hours per week for a minimum of two months. For more information, contact George at gsmith@abc.ca.
Second Harvest needs help Second Harvest, a perishable food recovery program, is looking for volunteers to help with pick-up and delivery of fresh food throughout the GTA. The position would involve either accompanying a driver or driving a Second Harvest truck and loading and unloading perishable food. Some heavy lifting is required. This is an opportunity for people with time available on a weekly basis between Monday and Friday. You would be needed to help at least once a week starting at 8:30 for a minimum of 4 hours. Please contact Ruby at 416-1234567 or email her at ruby@abc.ca.
1. Which logistics-specific skills are needed for these positions? 2. Which of the Employability Skills you researched in Unit 2 would be used in these positions?
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Real stories
Juans story
Juan worked as a general labourer for a pre-cast concrete company for a year and a half. During that time, he was the sole support for his family. Twenty-five other men, all immigrants, worked with Juan at the company. The employer often required Juan and other key workers to work overtime, but these hours were never paid at the overtime rate. For example, in a week when Juan worked five overtime hours, he was paid for three and a half hours at the regular rate in addition to his regular pay. Juan asked his employer for overtime pay several times, but the employer said he couldnt pay that rate. Juan didnt complain because he was convinced he would lose his job if he did. Juan finally complained to the Ministry of Labour after he left the company. Juans claim was settled several months later for forty percent of the total amount the company owed him. The men who still work for the company still dont get overtime pay.
Adapted from Bad Boss Stories, Employment Standards Work Group, August 1996
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for a list of Ontario Colleges of Applied Arts and Technology visit the Ministry of Education and Training Web site: www.edu.gov.on.ca. visit the HRDC Interactive Training Inventory Service for Ontario at www.trainingiti.com use the links at www.settlement.org to find out about training, volunteering, job search and employment assessment in Ontario.
volunteering
visit Volunteer Canada at www.volunteer.ca visit Charity Village at www.charityvillage.com
language training/ESL/LINC
free ESL and word processing courses are available through the catalogues for boards of education and the bulletin boards at your local library. look at the Citizenship and Immigration Web site for information on the LINC program: www.cicnet.ingenia.com/english/newcomers
Employment
Terminology
Terminology for Technology and Equipment Terminology for Work Tasks Communication in the Workplace Health and Safety on the Job Personal Plan
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Activity 1: Pronunciation
Listen to the instructor. Mark the syllable stress in these words, then practise saying each one. machinery empowered communications expertise white-collar blue-collar
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Activity 2: Vocabulary
Work with a partner to answer the following questions. 1. Why do you think workers are called white-collar and blue-collar? In which category is your occupation? 2. What does it mean for workers to be empowered? 3. What are the advantages and/or disadvantages of empowering workers in your particular occupation?
Logistics software
As we have already seen in units one and three, computer skills are an important requirement for many logistics sector jobs. Furthermore, information technology is one of the main drivers of change in the logistics industry. The increasing use of information technology means an increase in the importance of information management tasks. The result is that logistics workers at all levels and in all sectors of the industry have to think about and operate with information supply chains that interact with goods and service supply chains. More and more, these two chains are inseparable. Some of the computerized systems now in use include inventory control, ordering and scheduling, integrated tracking and telephone systems, on-line customs submissions to Canada Customs and Revenue Agency (CCRA), customer relations management, and sales and marketing databases. All these systems are aimed at improving both cost and quality of service, and because new systems are being introduced on a regular basis, the logistics community has a learning culture. Logistics workers take an average of thirteen days per year for training. A lot of this training is voluntary and most of it is strongly supported by employers. What this means for the logistics worker is a continuing and continuous need to expand and upgrade computer skills in order to stay competitive in a rapidly changing market.
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Now put a check mark beside all the applications you are unfamiliar with. Using the Internet or brochures supplied by your teacher, find out what each of the applications is used for. When you have finished, add these applications to the chart in Activity 4.
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Activity 7: Pronunciation
Listen to the instructor. Mark the syllable stress in these words, then practise saying each one. hoist stockpicker gantry scissors pallet leveller carousel horizontal wrapper scanner wireless touchscreen
Source: www.raymondcorp.com
Compare your answers with other people in the class. How many items could you name?
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The names of the tools and equipment are listed below. Can you match them to the pictures? Write the number of the picture next to the appropriate name. __ __ swing reach truck counterbalance lift truck (orderpicker) __ end rider pallet truck (walkie) __ gantry crane
Work with a partner to explain what each of the items is used for.
1. A _____________________________ is attached to one side of a wooden pallet in order to drag it for short distances. 2. You can use a ____________________________ to access inventory shelves when you only need lightweight items. It looks like a small, wheeled ladder with shelves attached to it. 3. If you need to match the height of your loading dock with various truckbed heights you would use a ________________________________. 4. A ________________________________ is used to store large quantities of parts or smaller items. It provides easy access and takes up a minimum of storage space.
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Now work with a partner and create a few sentences like the ones in Activities 9 and 10, using the names of the tools and equipment listed in the boxes above. In addition, write one sentence for a machine or piece of equipment that has not been mentioned in this unit and add its name to the box above. When you have finished, exchange exercises with another pair and see if you can complete each others sentences.
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logistics software
use a search engine to search for the name of a particular software and visit the manufacturers Web site for information look at newspaper ads and ads on Internet job sites for logistics-sector job requirements keep up to date with developments by reading journals or newsletters published by logistics associations subscribe to a magazine devoted to the logistics industry or your sector of it in particular visit www.logisticsonline.com for news on logistics developments visit the virtual library at www.logisticsworld.com for a directory of logistics resources on-line, including news and links to software sources
terminology
the Commercial Carrier Journal has glossaries for logistics in general and particular logistics sectors at www.ccjmagazine.com logistics glossaries at businessmajors.about.com/education/businessmajors/cs/logistics visit the virtual library at www.logisticsworld.com for glossaries, and use LogQuest for answers to logistics questions
Employment
Real stories...
The e-chain
The Internet has had a major effect on logistics and its influence is likely to increase in the future. Supply chain management is now largely a matter of electronic business-to-consumer (B2C) and business-to-business (B2B) commerce. This has increased pressure on companies to deliver their product in real time, and really quickly. In other words, easy access to information means an increase in customer expectations. One of the things customers expect is to know precisely and at all times where their goods are, which is possible through real time tracking systems that customers can access on-line. They also have increased delivery time expectations; a customer is not as willing to wait two weeks for something it took five minutes to order on-line. E-commerce helps companies to meet these expectations and at the same time to become more customer-driven. Using the Internet reduces data input, eliminates paper work, faxes and phone calls, and improves customer service and the speed and accuracy of delivery. This is particularly true for global supply chain management. Imagine that a key part, which is needed for a shipment going out the next day, breaks in production and there are no more in the plant. Traditionally, in that situation, a plant worker would complete a purchasing requisition form, a supervisor would approve it, and a purchasing clerk would complete and place the order. When it arrived, a receiver would accept and record it, and a stock clerk would put it in inventory. There is no way the delivery commitment could be met under this sort of paper-driven method. Using Internet technology and customized software packages, supply chain management is now an integrated management system that covers the whole delivery process from supplier to customer. For a global company, that means that employees in offices around the world have instant access to current stocks and on-line purchasing. This is what is called global sourcing and, together with global distribution and outsourcing, it is changing the face of logistics.
Adapted from Logistic Solutions 2001 Supplement to The Globe and Mail, February 2001
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Activity 1: Pronunciation
Listen to the instructor. Mark the syllable stress in these words, then practise saying each one. influence expectations customer-driven eliminate customized integrated
Activity 3: Comprehension
Discuss these questions with a partner: 1. What has been the main effect of the Internet on logistics companies? 2. What is B2B commerce? 3. How many steps are involved in paper-driven purchasing? 4. What are the advantages for a company in going on-line? 5. Did the company you worked for in another country use Internet commerce or paperdriven methods?
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Tasks
k. ____ decide whether to give customer discount m. ____ check computer database to find quantities of a particular item in stock n. ____ discuss estimate, product information and purchasing process with co-workers o. ____ clarify specifications with customer p. ____ decide the order in which trucks load and unload at available docks q. ____ decide whether to substitute more expensive product if cheaper one is unavailable r. ____ make alternative shipping arrangements to ensure delayed product arrives on time
Which of these tasks would be performed by purchasing and inventory clerks? by shippers and receivers? Purchasing and Inventory Clerks Shippers and Receivers
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Activity 5: Pronunciation
Listen to the instructor. Mark the syllable stress in these words, then practise saying each one. optimize incoming prioritize personnel frequency vehicle
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1. To ________________________________ the arrival of a shipment means to know in advance when it is coming. Why is this an advantage for the warehouse team? 2. If a delivery is ___________________________ it is quick and on time. Why is this important for a customer-driven business? 3. Each step in the logistics process is a _____________________ in the chain which connects suppliers and customers. How has information technology affected these connections? 4. A _________________ is a list of the items in a shipment. Which logistics occupation(s) would be concerned with the accuracy of this list? 5. _________________ shipments refers to goods arriving at a terminal or destination. Another word for this is inbound. What are the terms used to describe goods leaving a terminal? 6. One of the main responsibilities of many logistics workers is to _________________ tasks, putting them in order of importance. Which logistics information management system(s) helps with this responsibility? 7. ________________ refers to the amount of time it takes from ordering the package until it is received by the customer. What is the relation between this and customer service? 8. Information technology allows logistics workers to ____________________ processes, making the most effective use of personnel and equipment. Can you give an example from your own experience?
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Activity 7: Dispatching
The tasks below broadly describe the job of a dispatcher. Put the tasks into the most logical order, from the first step in the process to the last, by numbering the blanks. a. ____ plan routes b. ____ adjust schedule to accommodate special needs or a high priority shipment c. ____ accept new requests for pick-ups and deliveries over the phone or on-line d. ____ consolidate freight orders into truckloads for specific destinations e. ____ read email messages for scheduling details f. ____ assign drivers and trucks to loads and destinations g. ____ monitor driver progress and location on-line h. ____ relay destinations to drivers over two-way radio i. j. l. ____ take notes for incident report or daily log ____ find replacements for scheduled drivers who cancel at the last minute ____ draw up delivery and pick-up schedules
k. ____ consult directories or databases to verify addresses and routes m. ____ reassign work and organize reloading if a vehicle breaks down Which of these tasks might involve liaising with a transportation manager or with warehouse staff? Transportation Manager Warehouse Staff
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___ ___
___
___ ___
g) delivered at frontier, before customs clearance. h) free alongside ship, Toronto. The price includes only transport to the port, not loading, shipping and insurance.
___ ___
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Activity 9: Acronyms
The logistics profession uses many acronyms which apply to logistics processes in general. Some of the most common acronyms are listed below. What does each acronym stand for? Give as much detail as possible about each one. JIT:
VMI:
ECR:
__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Represent clients in dealings with government officials. Determine job priority, taking into consideration factors like weather, safety, and urgency. Prepare memos or email messages to inform co-workers of processes completed, problems encountered, or changes to requirements. Interact with customers to clarify procedures and answer questions. Evaluate freight costs and inventory costs associated with transit times. Lifting boxes, packages and cartons. Prepare import/export documents and sign them on behalf of clients. Schedule when and how much inventory should be available based on past amounts used and projected demand. Climb ladders to store or inspect stock on top shelves.
10. Refer to Material Safety Data Sheets to learn whether incoming goods are hazardous and how they should be handled.
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__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
11. Discuss procedures or coordinate tasks with co-workers. 12. Troubleshoot problems by consulting manuals, seeking help, or relying on experience and common sense. 13. Spatial perception for visualizing space in which goods will be unloaded. 14. Discuss problems, work progress and how to complete jobs with supervisors. 15. Calculate how many trucks are needed given weight and dimension. 16. Get information from directories, maps and manuals regarding routing, scheduling and regulations. 17. Keep daily logs of what is received and sent out, including reference numbers, type of product and billing instructions. 18. Devise practical solutions for routine problems. 19. Keep up-to-date on trade and customs procedures, laws and regulations. 20. Have excellent hearing for communicating on two-way radio systems. 21. Prepare incident reports and maintain records. 22. Evaluate and handle many details at once in a timely, efficient manner. 23. Get information from trade magazines and technical manuals. 24. Quote duty and tax rates on goods and arrange for payment. 25. Remember schedules, code numbers and measurements.
Source: Essential Skills Profiles, Human Resources Development Canada, 2000
_____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________
____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________
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customs brokers purchasing and inventory clerks dispatchers transportation managers shippers and receivers
Use the names of the machines and equipment in Unit 6, the sets of titles and verbs above, and all the information you have learned so far to make ten sentences describing everyday tasks for different logistics occupations. Example: A dispatcher uses a headset to liaise with drivers.
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technology
keep up-to-date with developments by reading journals or newsletters published by logistics associations subscribe to a magazine devoted to the logistics industry or your sector of it in particular visit www.logisticsonline.com for news on logistics developments visit the virtual library at www.logisticsworld.com for a directory of logistics resources on-line, including news and links to software sources
job tasks
visit Canada Career Consortium at www.careerccc.org visit the HRDC Web site to see what essential skills employers are looking for at www15.hrdc-drhc.gc.ca read Ontario Job Futures at www.hrdc-drhc.gc.ca/jobfutures visit your local library and search for occupational profiles for logistics workers. You can look for the National Occupational Classification published by HRDC, or the Career Monographs published by University of Toronto Press
terminology
the Commercial Carrier Journal has glossaries for logistics in general and particular logistics sectors at www.ccjmagazine.com logistics glossaries at businessmajors.about.com/education/businessmajors/cs/logistics visit www.loggie.com and search the site for anything to do with logistics visit the virtual library at www.logisticsworld.com for glossaries, and use LogQuest for answers to logistics questions visit the International Chamber of Commerce at www.iccwbo.org to find out about Incoterms or visit www.Itdmgmt.com
Employment
Workplace culture
Employees in Ontario are used to workplace cultures that: value teamwork provide feedback and evaluation in order to improve performance treat people with respect in the workplace. For logistics workers, the workplace will vary depending on the profession, and even from job to job. Customs brokers and dispatchers typically work in an office environment, but the size and quality of the office may vary considerably. Transportation managers may work in a variety of locations in the course of a single day, moving from office to dispatch centre to loading dock. Purchasing and inventory clerks may also move from office to warehouse on a regular basis, while shipping and receiving clerks typically spend most of their time in the warehouse or on the loading dock. Working effectively in any of these environments means having a range of skills to draw on that may not have been part of your training. For many logistics professions, these include strong customer service skills for communicating with customers, providing information and giving explanations. When you are the only representative of the company the customer meets, the reputation of the company will rest on how courteous and professional that representation is. Some logistics professionals, like customs brokers and transportation managers, do most of their work alone, with a great deal of autonomy and very little direct supervision. However, being a good team player is important for logistics workers in all occupations and at all levels. Teamwork is involved in sharing information, coordinating tasks or analyzing problems with co-workers. It is also reflected in interaction with supervisors, for instance in mentioning someones help in solving a problem, or offering to stand in for someone who is ill or take on a job from someone who is overloaded. In addition, teamwork means the ability to ask for help with unforeseen difficulties on a job. For managers and supervisors, teamwork is about the right way to give guidance and advice, and how to work with staff in handling problems and concerns.
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Activity 1: Pronunciation
Listen to the instructor. Mark the syllable stress in these words, then practise saying each one. autonomy analyzing supervision representative coordination environment
Activity 2: Matching
Match the words to their definitions. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. __ teamwork __ courteous __ performance appraisal __ to stand in for __ workplace culture __ high turnover __ autonomy __ unforeseen __ overloaded a) not predicted or planned for b) many changes in staff; people come and go a lot c) someone who has too much work d) working together to serve customers, solve problems in the workplace and/or develop products e) freedom or independence f) to take someones place g) a formal way for the employer to tell employees what they are doing well and what needs to be improved h) polite and considerate i) the way a company expects its employees to behave
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Now write an account of your partners experience, making sure you report what was said. Example: His supervisor told him he should Her colleague suggested she try
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5.
So, whats the procedure for getting this shipment through customs? a. We fill out some forms and stuff. b. Lets see. Basically, we start by c. Thats my job to know. Half my order is damaged! Whats going on over there? a. Im really sorry, maam/sir. The guys in shipping are useless. b. Look, it was fine when we put it on the truck. c. Im so sorry, sir/maam. Could you fax me a list of the damaged goods? Ill look after it straight away. Why are you routing the goods via Chicago? Wouldnt Detroit be faster? a. Youre right, it looks that way on the map, but in fact b. Whos the expert here, you or me? c. I dont know. They told me to do it that way. Whats this payment here? You never told me Id have to pay duty on that! a. Yes, I did. b. Im sorry, there must have been a misunderstanding. Let me explain c. Well, you dont get anything for free, you know. Theres no way we can give you a discount for an order of this size. Youll have to increase the order or pay full price. Your choice. a. Well if thats how you feel, Ill go somewhere else. b. Why are you making this so difficult? c. Right, I understand your position. However, what if?
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Can you think of any other examples of customer comments/complaints from your own experience? Try to construct two more examples like the ones above. Use the space below.
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Additional skills
In addition to good communication skills, logistics workers have a recurring requirement to learn. This includes learning about new materials, procedures, and technology, as well as taking part in safety or training programs. There are four ways this learning may be acquired: as part of regular work activity; from co-workers; through training offered in the workplace; or through reading or other forms of self-study, including part-time courses. Generally, logistics workers are expected to be proactive in taking charge of their own learning. Necessary physical skills for warehouse workers include good eyesight, stamina, and good motor coordination in order to do the job quickly and accurately over a long period of time. A fairly high level of general physical fitness and no fear of heights are also required in most cases. These workers should be willing to work hard for long hours in an environment which can be hazardous and uncomfortable. Aside from the ability to understand new knowledge on a regular basis, many logistics occupations require strong organizational and time-management skills, and an interest in compiling and presenting information efficiently. Information-handling skills also include the ability to read and interpret work orders, enter and record transactions on a computer, and compile reports. Good mathematical and analytical skills, a good memory for details, creativity in problem-solving, and decision-making ability are also important qualities in many logistics jobs. In general, logistics workers need to be positive, flexible, personable, detail-oriented, alert, patient, customer-oriented and able to work under pressure. In many cases, this means staying calm and friendly when a client is tense and upset, and thinking on your feet in order to find a quick solution. Successful stress management is a key factor in many logistics sector jobs.
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1. A person who is ___________________ doesnt complain about the job too much. 2. Someone who is __________________________ believes the needs of the customer come first. 3. If a person is capable of working hard for a long period of time without getting over-tired or overly stressed, we say that person has ______________________. 4. A __________________ person is someone who can adapt easily to different conditions and sudden changes in plan. 5. Someone who gets along well with other people and is open and friendly is ________________________. 6. A __________________ person is someone who takes the initiative in making decisions and solving problems independently.
Activity 8: Discussion
Use your own experience and the knowledge youve gained from this Workbook to answer the following questions: 1. Is workplace training offered by employers in other countries? 2. What is motor coordination and why is it important for logistics workers? 3. How would a logistics workers time-management skills affect customer service? 4. Who would a logistics worker need to present information to? Would this ever be in written form? 5. When we say a person needs to be flexible, we mean mental, not physical flexibility. How might this quality be useful for logistics workers? 6. Have you ever had to take responsibility for an incorrect or problematic decision you made on a job? If so, how did you handle the situation? Brainstorm some language you could use in such a situation.
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Take the time to craft your message so it sounds natural, relaxed and friendly. If you are unsure of yourself, test what you want to say on a tape recorder or by phoning your own voice mail. Practice will ensure that your recorded message is crisp and to-the-point. Keep the message length at less than a minute. You do not want the recipient to reach for the delete button because you sound like you are going to ramble forever!
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workplace skills
visit the HRDC Web site to see what essential skills employers are looking for at www15.hrdc-drhc.gc.ca have a look at www.worksearch.gc.ca to see what employers are looking for. Access is under How Do I Market Myself look at the requirements for logistics professionals at www.worklogic.com:81 visit the Vocational Information Centre for a description of logistics jobs, qualifications, salaries, and working conditions, at www.geocities.com/ResearchTriangle/Forum/7913/page38.html visit the Possibilities Project at www.possibilitiesproject.com to find out about jobs skills and jobs in demand visit your local library and search for occupational profiles for logistics workers. You can look for the National Occupational Classification published by HRDC, or the Career Monographs published by University of Toronto Press
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Ergonomics
Ergonomics is a new science which relies on research from engineering, physiology and psychology. It then applies this information to the design of objects, systems and environments for human use. Many factors are taken into account in the design process, including physical size, strength, vision, sound, motion, vibration and workload. In other words, ergonomics is about making the workplace compatible with the workers. Here is an example of what can happen when these factors are not considered. Some years ago, researchers compared the positions of the controls on a woodworking machine with the size of the average worker. They found that the ideal person to operate the machine would have to be 4.5 feet tall, and have shoulders two feet across and arms eight feet long! As a result, the average operator had to stoop and move from side to side while he or she was working. As the example illustrates, ergonomics is not just an issue for office workers. Moreover, this sort of incompatibility between worker and workplace is more than inconvenient. Poor ergonomic conditions lead to discomfort and fatigue, and consequently to accidents or injury. Common injuries caused by long periods of repetitive or forceful movements and awkward body positions include musculoskeletal injuries (MSI) and repetitive strain injuries (RSI). These conditions are painful and can cause long term disability in the wrist, back, leg, shoulder and neck muscles and joints. Another common problem for office workers is sick building syndrome caused by poor indoor air quality (IAQ) due to inadequate ventilation.
Activity 1: Pronunciation
Listen to the instructor. Mark the syllable stress in these words, then practise saying each one. fatigue awkward physiology symptom ergonomics incompatibility psychology syndrome musculoskeletal repetitive respiratory compatible
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Activity 3: Matching
Match the part of the workstation (a - i) with the ergonomic requirements for preventing injury. a) window b) document holder c) environment 1. __ d) keyboard e) chair f) foot rest g) workstation h) computer monitor i) ceiling light fixtures
should be thin, detached and movable, and should be directly in front of you. The wrist rest should hold your wrists and elbows in a straight line. The mouse should be next to it and at the same level. should be adjustable, placed next to the screen and at the same height, and you should alternate its position from side to side of the monitor during the day to vary your head position. should have filters to evenly disperse light, and should be located to one side of your computer screen, not directly above it. should have an adjustable work surface height, and should be deep enough to support your arms and to allow you to position your monitor the correct distance away. should have a non-glare finish on walls and furniture, there should be a minimum of noize, and there should be adequate ventilation. should swivel, be on wheels or casters, have an adjustable seat and back rest, and allow you to tilt forward and backward. The height of the seat should be just below the knee-cap, and the arm rest should be at elbow height. should be at a right-angle to your computer screen. Sunlight is the best light, but it should not create glare on the screen. should have adjustable screen position and adjustable brightness and contrast, and should be at eye level about 45 cm (18 in.) from your face. should allow your feet to rest flat, and position your knees slightly lower than your hips.
2. __
3. __ 4. __
5. __ 6. __
7. __ 8. __ 9. __
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Activity 6: Ergonomics
Visit one of the Web sites listed on the For more information on page or use brochures or pamphlets supplied by your instructor to answer the following questions. 1. What is BRI? 2. Why should standing workers use a foot rest? 3. What is carpal tunnel syndrome? 4. What are the symptoms of computer vision syndrome? 5. What are some exercises that can be done in the workplace to relieve muscle tension and prevent injury?
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Real stories
Accidents happen
On December 28, 1990, the Canadian government passed the Workers Mourning Day Act. This Act established an official annual day to commemorate workers who are injured, killed or disabled on the job, or who suffer from occupational illnesses. The day chosen for this observance was April 28, the day the first Workers Compensation Act was passed in Ontario. This day is now commemorated in over seventy countries, including the U.S. The purpose of this day of remembrance is to renew public commitment to occupational safety and prevention of workplace illness and injury. Around the world, one person is killed on the job every 30 seconds. In Canada, one worker out of 16 suffers an injury in the workplace, which translates into one injury every nine seconds. More than 800,000 injuries are reported in Canada every year, of which more than 750 are fatal. For employers, this means 16 million days of work lost every year. Young and inexperienced workers are most affected, accounting for about 30% of all accident victims between 1993 and 1998. Operating and working near forklift trucks presents particular hazards for logistics workers. The following incidents illustrate some of the risks involved. Sadly, all these accident were preventable. A forklift operator was killed when he was crushed between the roll cage and a metal beam. He was reaching out of the truck when he accidentally pushed a control lever which moved the cage into the beam. A worker was run over by a forklift while crossing behind it. He apparently didnt hear the backup warning alarm. A warehouse supervisor was killed after falling 12 feet from the forks of an orderpicker. He had asked the operator to lift him up on the forks so he could get some product samples from a storage rack. An operator was seriously injured when his forklift was struck and overturned by a second forklift as it fell off a loading dock. The second truck had been improperly positioned near the edge of the dock to lift supplies to the roof.
Source:www.ccohs.com and www.state.nj.us
Activity 7: Pronunciation
Listen to the instructor. Mark the syllable stress in these words, then practise saying each one. fatal preventable accidentally overturned mourning inexperienced commemorate remembrance improperly
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Activity 8: Discussion
Refer to the article and to your own knowledge and experience to answer the following questions. Work with a partner. 1. What is the aim of the National Day of Mourning? Do you think it is effective? 2. Why do young and inexperienced workers suffer the most injuries and accidents? What could be done to reduce these numbers? 3. Look at the examples of forklift truck accidents. What could have been done in each case to prevent the incident? 4. Does Canada have a high proportion of workplace accidents compared to other countries?
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WHMIS
The Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS) is a Canada-wide law designed to make sure chemicals and other hazardous substances are handled safely. This law says that every hazardous substance in the workplace must be labelled with a symbol that alerts workers to potential danger. The Act also states that an information sheet, called the Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS), and special training, must be available in the workplace for workers dealing with hazardous materials. Telecommunications workers are not exposed to many toxic hazards, but some materials used are flammable and there may be unhealthy fumes and radiation in offices where they work.
b) compressed gas c) corrosive material d) biohazardous infectious material e) oxidizing material f) dangerously reactive material g) non-fatal poisonous and infectious material h) fatal poisonous and infectious material
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Visit the Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (CCOHS) Web site to confirm your answers. Then, answer the questions below. 1. What is the danger from oxidizing material? 2. What conditions can cause reactive material to explode? 3. What is the danger of compressed gas? 4. Why is corrosive material dangerous?
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2.
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ergonomics
The Ergonomics Society: www.ergonomics.org.uk
International Ergonomics Association: www.iea.cc Office Ergonomics Safety Guide from the Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety. Working on Your Feet from the Occupational Health Clinic for Ontario Workers.
health issues
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety: www.ccohs.ca has detailed information on health issues on-line, and also publishes pocket guides, including the Indoor Air Quality Health and Safety Guide. Ontario Ministry of Labour, Occupational Health and Safety Division: www.gov.on.ca/LAB/ohs/ohse.htm The Occupational Health Clinic for Ontario Workers: www.ohcow.on.ca has fact sheets on many workplace health issues, including the health effects of shift work. WSIB at www.wsib.on.ca
safety issues
the Industrial Accident Prevention Association at www.iapa.on.ca/link has on-line information and publishes Accident Prevention magazine Warehouse Workers Safety Guide from the Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety visit www.safetyonline.com for news and resources related to occupational safety issues
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10
PERSONAL PLAN
In this unit you will assess your skills and knowledge learn the advantages of networking discover community resources to help newcomers You will also make a personal plan for the next steps to take
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Activity 1: Pronunciation
Listen to the instructor. Mark the syllable stress in these words, then practise saying each one. evaluate evaluations characteristics assess assessment employability realistic attainable objectives
Self-assessment
Read each question carefully and decide on your answer. Make a check in the box for either YES or NO. Where your answer is NO, fill in the chart with ideas on what steps you can take to change the answer to YES.
Yes
Training
Have you completed a certification or licensing program? Is certification or registration required in Ontario for your occupation? Do you have any certificates related to the logistics field? If you were trained overseas, do you need to upgrade your certification? If so, have you collected information about certification in Canada? If not, do you know where to get this information?
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Questions
Do you think you need upgrading or extra training before you find work? Do you know where you can get training in your field? Do you know what English skills you need to work on? Do you need to find a special ESL class?
Yes
Knowledge
Do you have a good understanding of the logistics industry in general? Do you have a basic knowledge of the logistics industry in Ontario? Do you know about the logistics products and services available in Ontario? Do you know where to get more information about this industry in Ontario? Are you knowledgeable about labour laws? Are you knowledgeable about safety practices and preventive measures?
Experience
Have you worked in a variety of logistics jobs? Have you had a job in Ontario? Have you had a volunteer job in Ontario? Have you worked in a logistics-sector company in Ontario? Have you worked in a job that required customer service skills? Have you ever worked with the public in Ontario? Do you have experience with the logistics equipment described in this workbook?
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Yes
Physical skills
Is it easy for you to see differences in size, shape or form? Do you have good hearing? Are you comfortable with heights? Are you physically fit? Can you work efficiently in all weather conditions?
Technical skills
Are you familiar with the tools and equipment commonly used in your field in Ontario? Are you familiar with the processes used in your field in Ontario? Are you familiar with the latest computerized systems? Are you familiar with the codes and standards that apply to the logistics sector in Ontario? Do you have the necessary computer software skills? Are you qualified to operate any of the machinery used in logistics work?
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Yes
No Strategies
Communication
Can you communicate clearly and effectively in English, both orally and in writing? Are you confident in your customer service skills? Do you enjoy doing a job where customer satisfaction is essential? Are you good at conveying information, e.g. giving explanations? Do you work well as a team member? Can you take advice from others?
Work ethic
Can you get the job done to tight deadlines with little supervision? Do you have good work attendance? Are you punctual? Do you have a positive attitude? Can you take responsibility for your own work? Are you prepared to spend personal time on professional development?
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Activity 6: Research
To help you achieve your personal plan, use training and upgrading pamphlets, flyers and calendars to find information for the chart. Look for courses, seminars and workshops that will help you achieve the goals you set in the previous activity.
Type of training English as a second language (ESL) ESL for technical professions Business English Certification courses Courses in new industry trends and processes Courses in new technology Computer skills training Job search programs Volunteering opportunities Other courses of interest
Training providers
Cost
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Networking
Your network includes everyone in your life. Your network is probably much bigger than you think! People in your network can help you and you can help them. You should learn what you can about each individuals skills, experience, and talents. The people you know are warm leads. Its much easier to build on that warmth by expanding your knowledge of these people than it is to pursue cold leads. Family Members of your family are individual with skills and backgrounds. You can tap into their knowledge and their networks. Friends Your friends have skills you may not be aware of and they have their own networks. Ask to be introduced. Neighbours Because you live close by, you have a chance to develop close relationships. Find out who your neighbours are. You know you already have one thing in commonyour choice of residence. Professionals in your field People who share the same career choice can advise and support each other on common issues. Suppliers Because you do business with them anyway, it is easier to find out more about them and find out if they might need your services. Clients You serve them and you have built up a relationship of trust. See if they can help you with support or referrals. Co-workers Find out about their skills and knowledge. You may be able to help each other. Clubs or association members If you are involved with any community or professional associations or activities, you have a ready-made network. Most people join these groups to meet others. The door is already open. Volunteer groups One of the reasons people volunteer is to meet others. Get to know volunteers better. Acquaintances These are people who you meet in work and social settings. Dont waste the opportunity to begin friendships and network this way. Ask each person you meet to tell you more about him or herself.
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Activity 7: Discussion
1. 2. 3. 4. What is a warm lead? Which of the people mentioned above do you think provide the warmest leads? Would you be willing to help a client this way? A co-worker? What would be an example of a cold lead?
Use the information in the chart to compare networks with the people in this workshop.
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volunteering
visit Charity Villages Web site at www.charityvillage.com for a listing of volunteer jobs in the non-profit sector. visit www.voe-reb.org/welcome.html for a matching service for volunteers and agencies across Canada. look in the Yellow Pages for volunteer centres in your city.
community programs
look for pamphlets advertising community workshops. look for any ESL/small business classes, seminars or workshops in your community. check your local community college.
language training/ESL
free ESL and word processing courses are available through the catalogues for boards of education and the bulletin boards at your local library. look in the Yellow Pages under Language Training look at the Citizenship and Immigration Web site for information on the LINC program at www.cicnet.ingenia.com/english/newcomers visit www.settlement.org for general information on services for newcomers, including language training.
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GLOSSARY
acronym a word formed from the first letters of other words, e.g. NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) ACROSS Accelerated Commercial Release Operations Support System, the system which allows importers or customs brokers to transmit data to Canada Customs and Revenue Agency electronically using EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) B2B Business-to-business. The process of delivering products or services from one company to another B2C Business-to-consumer. The process of delivering products or services from a company to a consumer packing list a list of the items contained in a shipment blue-collar worker refers to manual or industrial workers, usually paid a wage rather than a salary brokerage company which provides customs clearance services to individuals and companies transporting goods across the border CADEX Customs Automated Data Exchange, a computer system that allows customs brokers to obtain information directly from Canada Customs and Revenue Agency computers capacity amount of carrying space in a truck or other transport carrier carriage the business of transporting goods and materials; can be by rail, truck, ship or air certification process of completing courses and passing exams to receive a certificate which says you have met all the requirements for practicing your profession commodity anything which can be bought and sold contaminant something which is unhealthy and possibly polluting or infectious
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controller the person who oversees or supervises activities in a department or area of a business cost efficient the best value for money customer-driven used to describe a companys approach to business; processes and policies are aimed at meeting customer needs cycle time the amount of time it takes from when a customer places an order until they receive the order deregulation the process of removing price limits and opening up an industry to competition designation officially recognized professional standing, usually indicated by letters after a persons name dispatch the activity of sending out vehicles and personnel to designated delivery or pickup places, and monitoring their progress and position ECR - Efficient Consumer Response a supply-chain initiative for the grocery industry. ECR is a consumer-driven system for replacing stock in which products and information flow through a paperless (EDI) system between all distribution points from manufacturing line to checkout counter. Distributors, carriers and suppliers act as trading partners and focus on improving the supply system, reducing system costs, inventories and physical assets while improving the consumer's choice of high quality fresh grocery products. ergonomics the science of designing workplaces that are compatible with the needs of the workers who use them field personnel people who work out in the field, e.g. with customers or in transportation forecasting predicting future trends and likely events and planning accordingly global sourcing buying goods or parts from anywhere in the world, or finding inventory on-line in any one of a multinational companys warehouses goods a general term for merchandise, stock, or freight GTA - Greater Toronto Area the City of Toronto and surrounding area, including Halton, Peel, York and Durham regions
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haulage carrying cargo or freight Incoterms internationally recognized terms for commerce, defining who has responsibility for transportation and insurance for shipments information supply chain the information that accompanies and/or relates to customers, shipments, inventory, invoices, documents, etc. (the goods and service supply chain) and which is usually computerized and often transmitted electronically inventory the amount of stock for production or resale that a company owns JIT - just-in-time an inventory reduction strategy developed by the auto industry. It refers to shipping goods in smaller, more frequent amounts. It is a method of reducing waste in the supply chain; a method of inventory control which relies on a supplier delivering only what a business needs when it needs it, which reduces the amount of storage space a company has to have on-site LTL - less than truckload a trucking company which consolidates the cargo of several shippers into one trailer, and so makes multiple deliveries (see also T/L) licensing official permit which allows the owner to perform a particular occupation legally and professionally lien the right to take someone elses property because of a debt against that property. It applies to warehousing when a person or company that is storing goods in a warehouse owes the warehousing company money for the service and cannot pay. The warehousing company is then entitled to take possession of those goods or materials in place of the money owed. materials handling equipment machinery used inside a warehouse or manufacturing plant to move heavy boxes or large amounts of inventory, e.g. a forklift NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement; the agreement that governs free trade between Mexico, the U.S. and Canada outsourcing the practice of contracting with another company to provide a service or perform a function which used to be done in-house, e.g. a company which hires an accounting firm to do all their bookkeeping instead of doing it themselves price quote a price stated by a supplier to a purchaser
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real time immediate response; data available to users or customers seconds after it is entered in a computer RSI - repetitive strain injuries damage to joints and muscles caused by doing the same task repeatedly for a long time requisition order a formal written request for goods or materials rotating shift shift work which is not always the same. A rotating shift might be 8:00 AM to 4:00 PM for two weeks, then 4:00 PM to midnight for the next two weeks, then back to the first shift routing finding the most time-efficient and economical way for a shipment to move from supplier to customer supply chain coordination of the movement of goods or materials from their raw state through processing and manufacturing to the consumer, involving three or more companies tariff duty paid on foreign goods third party an outsourcing term, often used to describe companies who manage logistics functions for another company. The arrangement is on a contract basis T/L - truckload carrier a trucking company which uses one trailer per shipper and does not mix the cargo of different shippers in one trailer, so that each truck delivers to only one location VMI - Vendor Managed Inventory the process by which the vendor receives stock information from the customer and then calculates what should be shipped to maintain adequate inventory levels at the retailer's facility white-collar worker clerical, administrative or professional worker; workers in non-manual jobs WHMIS - Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System national law designed to ensure chemicals and other dangerous substances are handled safely
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