DE LA TORRE, MARK LOUIE M.

IA10205

Elements of an information system Hardware - Hardware is the most obvious part of a computer-based information system. Hardware refers to the computers themselves, along with any and all peripherals, including servers, routers, monitors, printers and storage devices. A CBIS may use a single computer or thousands. Input devices : an input device is any peripheral (piece of computer hardware equipment) used to provide data and control signals to an information processing system such as a computer or other information appliance

Examples : Keyboards Pointing devices High-degree of freedom input devices (typically used in CAVEs) Composite devices o o o o o Game controller Gamepad (or joypad) Paddle (game controller) Wii Remote Microsoft Kinect Sensor

Imaging and video input devices

o digital camera o Webcam o Image scanner o Fingerprint scanner o Barcode reader o 3D scanner o Laser rangefinder Audio input devices
o o

Microphone MIDI keyboard or other digital musical instrument

Output devices : is any piece of computer hardware equipment used to communicate the results
of data processing carried out by an information processing system (such as a computer) to the outside world.

Speakers Headphones Screen (Monitor) Printer Plotters

Projector LCD Projection Panels Computer Output Microfilm (COM)

Both input and output devices Modems Network cards Touch Screen Facsimile (FAX) .Audio Cards / Sound Card

Storage
Non-volatile storage devices retain the contents even in absence of active power source. This makes non-volatile devices suitable for long term permanent data storage. Non-volatile devices usually available in large capacities.

Hard Disks, CD ROM, Floppy disks, Flash, ROM, magnetic media, optical storage media, flash memory read-only memory, flash memory, ferroelectric RAM, most types of magnetic computer storage devices (e.g. hard disks, floppy disks, and magnetic tape),optical discs, and early computer storage methods such as paper tape and punched cards.

Volatile memory loses its contents when power supply is withdrawn. So usually Volatile memories are used for temporary storage of data. In some exceptional cases, volatile memory devices are used along with long life batteries to make semi-permanent storage devices.

Floppy Disk Diskette Hard Disk Disk Cartridge CD-ROM

Optical Disk Magnetic Tape Cartridge Tape Reel Tape PC Card

RAID Memory Button Smart Card Optical Memory Card

Processor - Microchip implanted in a CPU's hard drive that processes instructions sent to it
by the computer and software programs.

Software- Without software, the hardware wouldn't be very useful. Software, the second element of a CBIS, is what tells the hardware how to function. It gathers, organizes and manipulates data and carries out instructions. Everything you do using a computer is done by the software. Operating systems : is a set of programs that manage computer hardware resources and provide
common services for application software. The operating system is the most important type of system software in a computer system. A user cannot run an application program on the computer without an operating system, unless the application program is self booting.
AIX / AIXL DUnix DYNIX/ptx HP-UX IRIX Kondara Linux OSF/1

Turbolinux
Ultrix

AmigaOS
BSD Caldera Linux Corel Linux Debian Linux DUnix DYNIX/ptx HP-UX IRIX Kondara Linux Linux MAC OS 8

Unisys
Unix

UnixWare
VectorLinux Windows 2000

QNX
Red Hat Linux SCO Slackware Linux Sun Solaris SuSE Linux

Windows 2003
Windows 3.X Windows 7 Windows 95 Windows 98 Windows CE Windows ME Windows NT Windows Vista Windows XP Xenix

System 1 System 2 System 3 System 4 System 6

System 7 System V Tru64 Unix

MAC OS 9
AIX / AIXL

AmigaOS
BSD Caldera Linux Corel Linux Debian Linux

Applications software run under System Software , and are made to do a specific task i.e ( Word Processing etc) , which have indirect access to the hardware (i.e Behind System Software) . Examples : Web browser, word processing software, spreadsheet software, database software, presentation graphics software.

1) Opera (Web Browser) 2) Microsoft Word (Word Processing) 3) Microsoft Excel (Spreadsheet software) 5) MySQL (Database Software) 6) Microsoft Powerpoint (Presentation Software) 7) iTunes (Music / Sound Software) 8) VLC Media Player (Audio / Video Software ) 9) World of Warcraft (Game Software) 10) Adobe Photoshop (Graphics Software)

Peopleware - People are the most often overlooked and most important part of a computer-based information system. It is people who design and operate the software, input the data, build the hardware and keep it running, write the procedures and it is ultimately people who determine the success or failure of a CBIS.
Productivity Personalities Teamwork Group dynamics.

Telecommunications - Communication is left out of some lists of CBIS elements, but for a CBIS that involves more than one piece of hardware to function, communication or connectivity is a necessity. This is, in part, because parts of it are covered under hardware. The components that allow one computer to communicate with another are hardware and are controlled by software. If communication between people is included in this element, though, it is an important element.
-Wired refers to the transmission of data over a wire-based communication technology EXAMPLE: telephone networks, cable television or internet access, and fiber-optic communication. -Wireless communication is the transfer of information between two or more points that are physically not connected. Distances can be short, as a few meters as in television remote control; or long ranging from thousands to millions of kilometers for deep-space radio communications. 3G routers Cable modems DSL filters DSL gateways DSL modems DSL multiplexers DSL splitters E1/T1 equipment Hardware firewalls Network gateways Network routers Power over Ethernet splitters

Procedures - It is commonly said that "procedures are to people what software is to hardware." The fourth element of CBIS, procedures are the rules, descriptions and instructions for how things are done. In computer-based information systems, procedures are frequently covered in instruction or user manuals that describe how to use the hardware, software and data.
Databases - is an organized collection of data for one or more purposes, usually in digital form. The data are typically organized to model relevant aspects of reality, in a way that supports processes requiring this information. Examples: the availability of rooms in hotels, finding a hotel with vacancies