Sample Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Managment Plan

cordillera
regional
disaster
risk reduction
AND management
plan
2013-2016
“ENHANCING DISASTER RESILIENCE

THROUGH PARTNERSHIP”
enhancing disaster
resilience through
partnership
Cordillera Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan 1
CONTENTS
i. Acknowledgement 4
ii. Message from the Civil Defense Administrator 5
iii. Message from the Cordillera Regional DRRM Council Chairperson 6
and Regional Director of OCD-CAR
iv. Definition of Terms 8
v. Acronyms 10
vi. Introduction 12
PART I
I. Profile of the Cordillera Regional DRRM Council 15
a. Organizational Structure 16
b. Functions and Responsibilities of the Cordillera Regional DRRM Council 17
c. Functions of Four (4) Committees in the Regional DRRM 18
II. Situationer 22
a. Cordillera Risk Profile
III. DRRM Challenges and Gaps 18

IV. Mission and Vision 28
V. Goals and Objectives 29
VI. Projects, Programs and Activities Based on the Four Thematic Areas 30
a. First Thematic Area: Prevention and Mitigation 31
b. Second Thematic Area: Preparedness 33
c. Third Thematic Area: Response 37
d. Fourth Thematic Area: Rehabilitation and Recovery 41
VII. Monitoring and Evaluation 43
PART II
Provincial Risk Profiles 45
A. Abra 46
B. Apayao 56
C. Benguet 64
D. Mountain Province 75
E. Ifugao 80
F. Kalinga 90
G. Baguio City 98
ANNEXES 114
Typhoons 115
Vehicular Accidents 117
2 Cordillera Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The Cordillera Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council would not have been possible without the
valuable guidance, supervision, and enthusiastic motivation by the members of the Cordillera Regional DRRM Council
Executive Committee composed of the following personalities:
DIR. ANDREW ALEX H. UY

Chairperson, RDRRMC Cordillera
Acting Regional Director, Office of Civil Defense Cordillera
DR. JULIUS CAESAR V. SICAT

Vice Chairperson, Disaster Prevention and Mitigation
Regional Director, DOST Cordillera
DIR. JOHN M. CASTAÑEDA, CESO III

Vice Chairperson, Disaster Preparedness
Regional Director, DILG Cordillera
DIR. LEONARDO C. REYNOSO

Vice Chairperson, Disaster Response
Regional Director, DSWD Cordillera
DIR. MILAGROS A. RIMANDO, CESO II

Vice Chairperson, Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery
Regional Director, NEDA Cordillera
The success of these documents is largely attributed to the knowledge and technical expertise contributed by all the
members of the CRDRRMC Technical Working Group. Furthermore, we give all the glory and honor to our Almighty
Father who has graciously blessed us with the talent and resources we need for the Cordillera Regional DRRM Plan.

MESSAGE FROM THE SECRETARY OF NATIONAL DEFENSE AND
CHAIRPERSON OF NDRRMC
REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL DEFENSE
Camp General Emilio Aguinaldo, Quezon City, Metropolitan Manila
MESSAGE
I commend and congratulate the member agencies of the Cordillera Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
Council (Cordillera RDRRMC) for the creation of your Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan (RDRRMP).
As laborers in the field of public service, ours is the unenviable task of safeguarding our people from hazards and
realizing the national agenda of eradicating poverty and securing a brighter future for our country and posterity. DRRM
plans are roadmaps to the path of building disaster–resilient communities which will be the venues of socio– economic
growth for our people. Let us use our national and regional DRRM plans to harness our nation’s great potential by
working together to surmount all the challenges that may come our way.
As we patiently and untiringly put these plans into action, I hope that we realize the value that our efforts bear towards
our nation’s cause; for in disaster risk reduction and management, we are not only protecting our people but ultimately,
we are building a strong nation.
Again, my congratulations and all the best on your succeeding endeavors.
VOLTAIRE T. GAZMIN
Secretary, Department of National Defense
and Chairperson,
National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
Council

MESSAGE FROM THE CIVIL DEFENSE ADMINISTRATOR AND EXECUTIVE
DIRECTOR OF THE NDRRMD

OFFICE OF CIVIL DEFENSE
Camp General Emilio Aguinaldo, Quezon City, Metropolitan Manila
MESSAGE
My warmest greetings and congratulations to all the member agencies of the Cordillera Regional Disaster Risk Reduction
and Management Council (Cordillera RDRRMC) on the successful formulation of your Regional Disaster Risk Reduction
and Management Plan (RDRRMP).
As one of the regions pioneering in the completion of DRRM plans, you are making a very commendable contribution
to the effort of fortifying our country against disasters and calamities. Take pride in your collaborative efforts as an
inspiration to the other regional councils as they strive to accomplish their own DRRM plans.
Amidst the milestones that you have attained, the challenge of building a safe, adaptive and resilient Philippines does
not stop here. I urge you to continue working together in realizing the goals of this plan. Let this be your guide and your
hard work will be rewarded with the emergence of resilient communities as our main tool for sustainable development.
Again, my congratulations on this noble accomplishment.
USEC EDUARDO D. DEL ROSARIO

Administrator, Office of Civil Defense and
Executive Director,
National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council

MESSAGE FROM THE REGIONAL DIRECTOR OF THE OFFICE OF CIVIL
DEFENSE CORDILLERA AND CHAIRMAN OF CRDRRMC

OFFICE OF CIVIL DEFENSE - CORDILLERA ADMINISTRATIVE REGION
Baguio City
MESSAGE
Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) is everyone’s concern; however, there is no single organization that can address every
aspect of DRR. There has been plenty of efforts in implementing DRR and cultivating the character of resiliency in our
region. However, the effort of one must complement the effort of others. The broader spectrum of DRR requires a strong
vertical and horizontal linkage with convergence. Thus, DRR involves every part of society, government, non government
organizations (NGOs), private sector and other stakeholders.
For this purpose, the Cordillera Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council has prepared the RDRRM Plan
for 2013-2016; the aim of which is to provide the direction and strategies in Disaster Risk Reduction implementation
on the four thematic areas of Disaster Risk Reduction which are Mitigation and Prevention, Preparedness, Response,
and Rehabilitation and Recovery.
The Cordillera Regional DRRMC envisions a safer, adaptive, and resilient community as a key element for sustainable
development in the region.
I sincerely thank the members of the Cordillera Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (CRDRRMC)
for their dedication and hard work in making the RDRRM Plan a workable and achievable tool for progress.
Indeed we are enhancing disaster resilience though partnerships.
ANDREW ALEX H. UY
Acting Regional Director, OCD &
Chairperson, Cordillera Regional Disaster Risk Reduction
and Management Council

DEFINITION OF TERMS
“Adaptation” - the adjustment in natural or human systems in advance to enable timely, effective and appropriate responses to
response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects, which such events and situations.
moderates harm or exploits beneficial opportunities.
“Disaster “ - a serious disruption of the functioning of a community
“Capacity” - a combination of all strengths and resources or a society involving wide spread human, material, economic or
available within a community, society or organization that can environment a l losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of
reduce the level of risk, or effects of a disaster. Capacity may the affected community or society to cope using its own resources.
include infrastructure and physical means , institutions , societal Disasters are often described as a result of the combination of:
coping abilities , as well as human knowledge , skills and collective the exposure to a hazard; the conditions of vulnerability that are
attributes such as social relationships, leadership and management . present ; and insufficient capacity or measures to reduce or cope
Capacity may also be described as capability. with the potential negative consequences, Disaster impacts may
include loss of life, injury, disease and other negative effects
“Civil Society Organizations” or “CSOs” - non- state actors on human, physical, mental and social well-being, together with
whose aims are neither to generate profits nor to seek governing damage to property, destruction of assets , loss of services, social
power. CSOs unit people to advance shared goals and interests. and economic disruption and environmental degradation.
They have a presence in public life, expressing interests and values
of their members or others , and are based on ethical, cultural, “Disaster Mitigation” - the lessening or limitation of the adverse
scientific, religious or philanthropic considerations .CSOs include impacts of hazards and related disasters. Mitigation measures
non-government organizations (NGOs), professional associations, encompass engineering techniques and hazard- resistant construction
foundations, independent research institutes , community-based as well as improved environmental policies and public awareness.
organizations (CBOs), 5 faith-based organizations , people’s
organizations, social movements, and labor unions. “Disaster Preparedness” - the knowledge and capacities
developed by governments, professional response and recovery
“Climate Change” - a change in climate that can be identified organizations , communities and individuals to effectively anticipate,
by change s in the mean and for variability of its properties and respond to, and recover from, the Impacts of likely, imminent
that persists for an ext ended period typically decades or longer, or current hazard events or conditions. Preparedness act ion is
whether due to natural variability or as a result of human activity, carried out within the context of disaster risk reduction and
management and aims to build the capacities needed to
“Community-Based Disaster Risk Reduction and efficiently manage all types of emergencies and achieve orderly
Management “ or “CBDRRM” - a process of disaster risk transitions from response to sustained recovery. Preparedness is
reduction and management in which at risk communities are based on a sound analysis of disaster risk and good linkages with
actively engaged in the identification, analysis, treatment , monitoring early warning systems, and includes such activities as contingency
and evaluation of disaster risks in order to reduce their vulnerabilities planning, stockpiling of equipment and supplies, the development
and enhance their capacities, and where the people are at the heart of arrangements for coordination, evacuation and public information,
of decision-making and implementation of disaster risk reduction and associated training and field exercises . These must be
and management activities. supported by formal institutional, legal and budgetary capacities.
“Complex Emergency” - a form of human- induced “Disaster Prevention” - the outright avoidance of adverse impacts
emergency in which the cause of the emergency as well as the of hazards and related disasters. It expresses the concept and intention
assistance to the afflicted is complicated by intensive level of political to completely avoid potential adverse impacts through action taken
considerations. in advance such as construction of dams or embankment that
eliminate flood risks, land-use regulations that do not permit
“Contingency Planning” - a management process that analyzes any settlement in high- risk zones, and seismic engineering designs
specific potential events or emerging situations that might threaten that ensure the survival and function of a critical building in any
society or the environment and establishes arrangements in likely earthquake .

“Disaster Response” - the provision of emergency services “Emergency” - unforeseen or sudden occurrence, especially
and public assistance during or immediately after a disaster in danger, demanding immediate action
order to save lives, reduce health impacts, ensure public safety
and meet the basic subsistence needs of the people affected. “Emergency Management” - the organization and management
Disaster response is predominantly focused on immediate and short of resources and responsibilities for addressing all aspects of
- term needs and is sometimes called “disaster relief’. emergencies, in particular preparedness , response and initial
recovery steps .
“Disaster Risk” - the potential disaster losses in lives, health
status, livelihood, assets and services, which could occur to a “Exposure” - the degree to which the elements at risk are likely to
particular community or a society over some specified future experience hazard events of different magnitudes.
time period.
“Disaster Risk Reduction” - the concept and practice of “Geographic Information System” - a database which
reducing disaster risks through systematic efforts to analyze and contains, among others, geo-hazard assessments, information on
manage the causal factors of disasters, including through reduced climate change, and climate risk reduction and management.
exposures to hazards, lessened vulnerability of people and property,
wise management of l and the environment, and improved “Hazard” - a dangerous phenomenon, substance , human
preparedness for adverse events . activity or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other
health impacts , property damage , loss of livelihood and services,
“Disaster Risk Reduction and Management” - the systematic social and economic disruption, or environmental damage.
process of using administrative directives, organizations , and
operational skills and capacities to implement strategies, policies “Land-Use Planning” - the process undertaken by public
and improved coping capacities in order to lessen the adverse authorities to identify, evaluate and decide on different options
impacts of hazards and the possibility of disaster. Prospective for the use of land, including consideration of long-term economic
disaster risk reduction and management refers to risk reduction , social and environmental objectives and the implications for
and management activities that address and seek to avoid the different communities and interest groups, and the subsequent
development of new or increased disaster risks, especially if risk formulation and promulgation of plans that describe the permitted
reduction policies are not put in place. or acceptable uses.
“Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Information

System” - a specialized data base which contains, among “Mitigation” - structural and non- structural measures undertaken
others, information on disasters and their human material , to limit the adverse impact of natural hazards , environmental
economic and environmental impact, risk assessment and mapping degradation, and technological hazards and to ensure the ability
and vulnerable groups. of at - risk communities to address vulnerabilities aimed at
minimizing the impact of disasters .Such measures include, but
“Early Warning System” - the set of capacities needed are not limited to, hazard- resistant construction and engineering
to generate and disseminate timely and meaningful warning works, the formulation and implementation of plans, programs ,
information to enable individuals , communities and organizations projects and activities, awareness raising, knowledge management
threatened by a hazard to prepare and to act appropriately and , policies on land-use and resource management, as well as
insufficient time to reduce the possibility of harm or loss. A the enforcement of comprehensive land-use planning, building and
people-centered early warning system necessarily comprises four safety standards, and legislation.
(4) key elements: knowledge of the risks; monitoring, analysis and
forecasting of the hazards ; communication or dissemination of
alerts and warnings ; and local capabilities to respond to the “National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
warnings received. The expression “ end- to- end warning system” Framework” or “NDRRMF” - provides for comprehensive, all
is also used to emphasize that warning systems need to span all hazards , multi - sectoral , inter - agency and community-based
steps from hazard detection to community response. approach to disaster risk reduction and management .

acronyms
AFP Armed Forces of the Philippines
AO Administrative Order
AOR Area of responsibility
BDC Barangay Development Council
BDRRMC Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction Management Committee
BFAR Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
BFP Bureau of Fire Protection
CAAP Civil Aeronautics Authority of the Philippines
cca Climate Change Adaption
cdcc City Disaster Coordinating Council
CDRRMC City Disaster Risk Reduction & Management Council
CRDRRMC Cordillera Regional Disaster Risk Reduction & Management Council
cdp Comprehensive Development Plan
CHED Commission on Higher Education
CLUP Comprehensive Land Use Plan
CSO Civil Society Organization
CWG Communications and Warning Group
DA Department of Agriculture
DANA Damage Assessment and Needs Analysis
DAR Department of Agrarian
DCC Disaster Coordinating Council
DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources
DENR-EMB Department of Environment and Natural Resources – Environmental Management Bureau
DENR-MGB Department of Environment and Natural Resources – Mines and Geosciences Bureau
DepEd Department of Education
DILG Department of Interior and Local Government
DOH Department of Health
DOLE Department of Labor and Employment
DOH CHD Department of Health Center for Health Development
DOH OPCEN Department of Health Operations Center
DOST Department of Science and Technology
DPWH Department of Public Works and Highways
DRRM Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
DSWD Department of Social Welfare and Development
DTI Department of Trade and Industry
GO Government Organization
GIS Geographic Information System
HLURB Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board
HUDCC Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council
IEC Information, Education and Communication
IRR Implementing Rules and Regulations
LDRRMF Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Fund
LWUA Local Water Utilities Administration
LGU Local Government Unit

LTO Land Transportation Office
MDRRMC Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction Council
MHPSS Mental Health and Psychosocial Support Services
NDRRMC National Disaster Risk Reduction & Management Council
NEDA National Economic and Development Authority
NIA National Irrigation Administration
NFA National Food Authority
NGA National Government Agencies
NGO Non-Government Organization
NTC National Telecommunications Commission
OCD Office of Civil Defense
PAGASA Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services Administration
PA Philippine Army
PAF Philippine Air Force
PCIC Philippine Crop Insurance Corporation
PD Presidential Decree
PHIVOLCS Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
PHO Provincial Health Office
phtls Provincial Health Team Leaders
PIA Philippine Information Agency
PN Philippine Navy
PNA Philippine News Agency
PNP Philippine National Police
PPA Philippine Ports Authority
PCT Provincial Communications Team
PRC Philippine Red Cross
PSD Psychosocial Stress Debriefing
PSWS Public Storm Warning Signal
RA Republic Act
rdcc Regional Disaster Coordinating Council
RDRRMC Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council
RDMC Regional Disaster Management Center
SMS Short Messaging Service
sss Social Securty System
SWB Severe Weather Bulletin
TELOF Telecommunications Office
TESDA Technical Education and Skills Development Authority
TOG Tactical Operations Group
VHF Very High Frequency
WASH Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene

INTRODUCTION
The Cordillera Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan (CRDRRMP) is aimed to be a tool
for the furtherance of the progress that the Cordilleras have already attained.
The CRDRRMP 2013-2016 gives us the different hazards that have been experienced by the region
throughout the years. These hazards together with the population and the vulnerability of the whole
Cordillera are the basis of the different Plans, Programs, and Activities (PPAs) set by the CRDRRMP.
Furthermore, the Cordillera Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council’s profile is also
expounded in detail. This will be a guide for the people of the Cordillera to know more about the Disaster
Managers that they may look up to and work with in the future.

PART I
I. PROFILE OF THE CORDILLERA

REGIONAL DRRM COUNCIL
The Cordillera Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (CRDRRMC) is the highest DRRM Council in the
region. Formerly the Cordillera Disaster Coordinating Council (CDCC), the organization’s structure and name changed after the
signing of Republic Act 10121 or the Philippine National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010.
The CRDRRMC is chaired by the Regional Officer of the Office of Civil Defense. The chairperson will be assisted by the council’s
four Vice-Chairpersons based on the four thematic areas of DRRM: the Regional Director of the Department of Science and
Technology (DOST) as the Vice Chairperson of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, the Regional Director of the Department of
Interior and Local Government (DILG) as the Vice Chairperson of Disaster Preparedness, the Regional Director of the Department
of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) as the Vice Chairperson of Disaster Response, and Regional Director of the National
Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) as the Vice Chairperson of Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery.

a. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
Regional Director, OCD

Chairperson, CRDRRMC
Regional Director, DOST Regional Director, DILG Regional Director, DSWD Regional Director, NEDA
Vice Chairperson Vice Chairperson Vice Chairperson Vice Chairperson
Disaster Prevention and Disaster Preparedness Disaster Response Disaster Preparedness
Mitigation
BFP CAAP CHED CFSI DA DAR DBM
DENR DepED DOH DOLE DOT DOTC DPWH
DTI HUDCC HLURB GSIS LCP LMP LPP
NAPOLCOM NAPC NBI NCIP NFA NHA NIA
NOLCOM NPC NSCB NTC PHILHEALTH PHIVOLCS PIA
PICE PNP POPCOM PRC SSS TESDA ULAP

I. PROFILE OF THE CORDILLERA REGIONAL DRRM COUNCIL
b. Functions and Responsibilities of the RDRRMC
1. The Regional Director of the OCD-CAR shall serve as the Chairperson of the Cordillera Regional DRRM
Council. The four Vice-Chairpersons based on the four thematic areas of DRRM are the following: the
Regional Director of the DOST-CAR as the Vice Chairperson of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, the
Regional Director of the DILG-CAR as the Vice Chairperson of Disaster Preparedness, the Regional Director
of the DSWD-CAR as the Vice Chairperson of Disaster Response, and Regional Director of the NEDA-CAR
as the Vice Chairperson of Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery.
2. The CRDRRMC through the OCD-CAR shall coordinate, integrate, supervise and evaluate the activities of
the Local DRRM Councils.
3. The RDRRMC shall be responsible in ensuring disaster sensitive regional development plans and
comprehensive land use plans.
4. The CRDRRMC shall meet regularly every quarter and in case of emergencies, the CRDRRMC shall convene
together with concerned institutions and authorities.
5. Upon activation of the council, the CRDRRMC shall utilize the Operations Center of the OCD-CAR and it
shall henceforth be the CRDRRMC Operations Center. This operating facility shall be open on a 24-hour
basis.
6. The CRDRRMC may tap the facilities and resources of the other government agencies and private sectors,
for the protection of life and properties in pursuit of DRRM.
7. The CRDRRMC shall constitute a Technical Working Group composed of representatives of the member
agencies that shall coordinate and meet as often as necessary to effectively manage and sustain efforts on
DRRM.
8. As a member of the CRDRRMC, agencies shall function relevant to their mandate and geographic jurisdiction.
9. Vice Chairpersons shall lead committees based on their respective thematic areas and shall take the
lead in initiating the implementation of the activities; collaborate with the different implementing to ensure
that the activities are operationalized; monitor the progress of the activities; evaluate the implementation
development and program efficiency and consolidate reports from the implementing partners and submit
to the respective vice chairperson of the DRRM priority areas.
10. The CRDRRMC shall create a Regional DRRM Plan that shall be the basis of DRRM activities in the region.

C. FUNCTIONS OF FOUR COMMITTEES IN THE REGIONAL DRRM

PREVENTION AND Provide strategic guidance to local DRRMC activities revolving around
hazards evaluation and mitigation. Conducts vulnerability analyses,
MITIGATION COMMITTEE identification of hazard prone areas and mainstreaming DRRM into
development plans, based on sound and scientific analysis of the
different underlying factors that contribute to the vulnerability of the
people and exposure to hazards and disasters.
PREPAREDNESS COMMITTEE Provide strategic guidance to local DRRMC activities revolving around
awareness and understanding of the community’s vulnerability
to natural and human hazards; formulation of contingency plans,
conduct of local drills and the development of DRRM Plan. Risk-
related information coming from the prevention and mitigation action
is necessary in order for the preparedness activities to be responsive
to the needs of the people and situation on the ground. Moreover,
the policies, budget and institutional mechanism established under the
prevention and mitigation priority will further enhanced through capacity
building activities and development of coordination mechanism.
Through coordination, complementation and interoperability of work in
DRRM operations and essential services shall be ensured. Behavioral
change created by the preparedness aspect is eventually measures
by how people would respond to the disasters. At the frontliners of
preparedness are the local government units, local chief executives
and communities.
Provide strategic guidance to local DRRMC activities during the actual

DISASTER disaster response operations from needs assessment to search and
RESPONSE COMMITTEE rescue to relief operations to early recovery activities are emphasized.
The success and realization of this priority area rely heavily on the
completion of the activities both prevention and mitigation and
preparedness aspects, including coordination and communication
mechanism to be developed. Partnerships, vertical and horizontal
coordination work between and among the key stakeholders will
contribute to successful disaster response operations and its smooth
transition towards early and long term recovery work.
REHABILITATION AND Provide strategic guidance to local DRRMC recovery efforts, which be-
gins when people are already outside the evacuation centers. These
RECOVERY COMMITTEE recovery efforts such as: employment, livelihood, infrastructure and
lifelines facilities, housing and resettlement. Collaborative efforts of the
Committee and donor agencies shall be observed to avoid duplication
of activities and inefficient utilization of funds.
The Cordillera RDRRMP recognizes the combination of issues and

approaches that should be taken into consideration in each of
the four (4) priority areas of concerns such as health, human-induced
disasters, gender mainstreaming, environmental protection, cultural
sensitivity or indigenous practices, and the rights based approach.
An Operational Timelines for Response and Rehabilitation and Recovery

will be utilized to provide an overall guidance on “rapid” time elements
in providing humanitarian activities and recovering from the disasters.

Regional Agencies Tasks and Responsibilities in
the four (4) Aspects of DRRM
DISASTER PREVENTION AND

MITIGATION 1. Administer risk and vulnerability assessments in various
areas of the region
2. Development and establish early warning system
3. Implement tools on risk assessment as provided by the
NDRRMC
4. Increase involvement volunteers, communities and LGUs in
DRRM
5. Provide technical assistance in mainstreaming DRR/CCA in
formulation of CDP and CLUP
6. Provide technical assistance in the implementation of land
use regulations and specification
7. Implement DRR policies promulgated by the NDRRMC
DOST –Lead
DENR- MGB, FMS, ERDS & EMB; DILG; OCD; DSWD; NEDA; DPWH; DOH; DA;
PNP; AFP; BFP; TESDA; NIA; HUDCC;ULAP; LMP/LCP/ NGO-PICE; CPFI; NYC;
FSC (Older people); NAPC; KALIPI (Women Sect)
1. Organize and manage multi stakeholders dialogues

DISASTER PREPAREDNESS 2. Administer DRRM research studies in addressing underlying cause
of people’s vulnerability
3. Administer capacity building activities in increasing stakeholder’s
and the communities’ capacity to adapt climate change and
hazards vulnerabilities
4. Provide technical assistance in the formulation of Contingency
Plans to the local DRRMC s
5. Provide technical assistance in Institutionalization of Incident
Command System in the communities
6. Production of information, education and communication
7. Utilize GPS tool and GIS system in the development of informa-
tion and data base generation of existing hazards & vulnerabilities
of communities, capabilities and previous disaster events
8. Initiate activities in mainstreaming DRR activities in the school
curricula
9. Organize communication groups and formulate SOP on disaster
risk communication
DILG – Lead
DENR; DEPED, CHED; DWPH; DOH; PIA; BFP; DA; TESDA; PRC; DOLE; DOT;
DOST (PAGASA & PHIVOLCS); NTC; NCIP; DOTC; ULAP; LMP; LCP PNP; AFP;
POs; CSO; NGO;

DRRM Aspects
Specific Tasks
Responsible Agencies
1. Formulate system procedure to activate the response action teams

DISASTER RESPONSE 2. Assess of potential threats prior to deployment/mobilization of resources
3. Provide technical skills in the organization and capability enhancement of local
emergency responders
4. Institutionalize Cluster approach in managing emergency response
5. Identify command post at the crisis site to obtain appropriate advised for the
deployment/mobilization of resources
6. Establish priorities and allocations for distribution and utilization of available
resources.
7. Provide overall leadership for incident response management in collaboration
with appropriate stakeholders
8. Participate in planning meetings by providing status updates on current re-
sources, resource limitations and capabilities of those responding
9. Coordinate requests for emergency transportation and maintenance/repair of
facilities
10. Procure emergency supplies as may be necessary during emergency re-
sponses or retrieval operations
DSWD – Lead
AFP; PNP; DOH; DPWH; DENR; PICE; BFP; DEPED; CHED; PIA; EMER-
GENCY RESPONDERS; DOST; NGO; CSO; ULAP; LMP/LCP, NTC; KALIPI;
FSC; CSFI;
DISASTER REHABILITATION
AND RECOVERY
1. Provide technical assistance in mainstreaming DRR in social,

economic, and human settlements development plans
2. Administer Post Disaster Needs Assessment (PDNA)
3. Provide technical the integration of DRR into post disaster recovery
and rehabilitation processes
4. Provide technical assistance in incorporating DRR elements in
planning and management of human settlements
NEDA -Lead
DPWH; DOH; DEPED; DSWD; DBM; CHED; NIA;DOLE; SSS; GSIS; AFP; PNP; DENR;
DA; NIA; NGOs; CSOs; PICE; TESDA; NHA; HUDCC; CDA;

II. SITUATIONER

a. CORDILLERA RISK PROFILE
The Cordillera Administrative Region has experienced numerous events that led to the loss of countless lives and damages to properties
resulting to major development and economic setbacks. Such events include the 1990 Earthquake which mostly affected Baguio City and
the Province of Benguet; other events include typhoons that ravaged the entire region thus devastating agricultural land and closing national
highways which are most likely due to landslides; also included are vehicular accidents specifically those that involve the vehicles falling from
the edge of steep angles.
The overall risk of the CAR is determined by the region’s vulnerability, exposed population, and the hazards. These three aspects are
explained below:
HAZARDS
“A dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property
damage, loss of livelihood and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage.” – Republic Act 10121
Aside from the physical conditions of the region, hazards have occurred in the region in the form of calamities. The following data are
taken from historical research and from the OCD-CAR database.
1. The 1990 Luzon Earthquake
Originating from the movement of the Philippine Fault and the Digdig Fault, the 1990 Earthquake struck on July 16, 1990 at around
4:26 in the afternoon. Although the epicenter was located at the 15° 42’ N and 121° 7’ E near the town of Rizal, Nueva Ecija, northeast
of Cabanatuan City, the quake devastated Central and Northern Luzon including the whole of Baguio City and parts of the province of
Benguet.
The earthquake had a magnitude of 7.8 and lasted for about 45 seconds with numerous tremors even days after. This resulted to hundreds
of deaths and thousands of injuries from collapsed infrastructures and inappropriate actions due to lack of knowledge on earthquake safety
as people were noted to jump off buildings from panicking.
Economically and socially, Baguio City was isolated. The main thoroughfares going to and from Baguio City were closed due to road cuts
and landslides and the roads were opened only three days after the incident. It was estimated that damages from the quake reached
around Php 10 Billion.
Aside from road access, basic social services such as water and electricity were also cut in Baguio City. Relief goods from national and
international organizations were transported only through the Loakan Airport in Baguio City via helicopters.
(Source: Center for Disease Control International Archive, New York Times archives, and Phivolcs’ The July 16 Luzon Earthquake: a Technical
Monograph)
2. Typhoons
Typhoons have always been a part of the region’s history and these are events that are best seen as learning opportunities for the Cordillera
populace. Billions of pesos from damaged facilities and agricultural products are lost due to the devastating effects of typhoons and
sometimes, strong monsoon rains.
To date, the most destructive typhoon that hit the region is Typhoon Pepeng (International name: Typhoon Parma) on October of 2009.
The typhoon, which is also the 2nd costliest typhoon in the Philippines, caused the most damages in the region in typhoon history. From the
agricultural and infrastructure damages, Typhoon Pepeng cost the region Php 3,230,089,000.00.

3. Vehicular Accidents
Vehicular accidents occur yearly in the region. Although, these may be attributed to mechanical failure or driver’s error, the most fatal of vehicular
accidents happen when the vehicles are caused to plummet into ravines.
It has always been a challenge to drive in Cordillera roads, which is why inexperienced drivers are always cautioned to take the necessary steps
to ensure the safety of their travels.
Notable experiences are the following:
a. The Byron Bus Accident in 2005
On May 12, 2005, a Byron Bus was traversing Marcos Highway in Barangay Badiwan, Tuba, Benguet when mechanical failure
occurred. The vehicle’s brakes failed and it caused the bus to slam into a roadside boulder and flipped over.
The accident caused 27 deaths and serious injuries to the surviving passengers.
b. The Eso Nice Bus Accident in 2010
On August 18, 2010, an Eso Nice Bus was travelling along Naguilian Road in Barangay Banawan, Sablan, Benguet when the vehicle
experienced loose brakes. The driver opted to stop the bus from falling down a 150-foot ravine by bumping it to a nearby mango
tree but to no avail.
Forty one of fifty passengers died as a result.
4. Other events
Aside from the mentioned hazards, the region has experienced deaths and injuries from the effects of natural and human-induced incidents.
Flooding and Rainfall-induced landslides are commonly followed by damages, deaths, and injuries while the presence of armed groups
in some remote areas of the region also brings intense clashes with government forces. These clashes result to the displacement of
communities together with injuries and deaths in both sides of the forces.
POPULATION
The Cordillera Administrative Region is composed of 6 Provinces (Abra, Apayao, Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga, and Mountain Province) and 1
Highly Urbanized City (Baguio City). It has 75 Municipalities, 1 Component City, and 1,176 Barangays.
By 2010, the region has reached a population of 1,616,867 of which there was a percentage increase of 1.5 since 2007.
By the 1st Semester of 2012 in terms of poverty incidence, it was estimated that 22.6 percent of families in the CAR were poor; therefore
establishing that one in every five families in the region is considered poor.
(Source: Bureau of Agricultural Statistics, National Statistical Coordination Board)
The following table is the poverty incidence in the Region comparing the data every 3 years.
Per Capita Poverty Incidence

Poverty Threshold (PhP) among Families (%)
2006 2009 2012 2006 2009 2012
CAR 7,031 8,492 9,734 25.6 22.7 22.6
Abra 7,273 8,753 9,908 41.6 41.8 34.4
Apayao b/ 6,835 8,210 9,336 51.3 43.9 59.8
Benguet b/ 6,744 8,096 9,407 6.1 7.0 4.3
Ifugao 7,183 8,647 9,999 32.8 28.4 47.5
Kalinga b/ 6,518 7,843 8,712 43.6 25.8 29.4
(Source: National Statistical Coordination Board)

II. SITUATIONER
VULNERABILITY
According to Republic Act 10121, vulnerability refers to “the characteristics and circumstances of a community, system or asset that make
it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard. Vulnerability may arise from various physical, social, economic, and environmental factors
such as poor design and construction of buildings, inadequate protection of assets, lack of public information and awareness, limited official
recognition of risks and preparedness measures, and disregard for wise environmental management.”
Coming from a physical and environmental aspect, the Cordillera Region is the only land-locked region in the country. According to the
Cordillera’s recent Regional Development Plan (RDP 2011-2016), 80 percent of the region’s total land area is classified as forest land. With
13 major watersheds, the region is home to a diverse ecological system that is home to unique fauna and flora. However it was noted that
there was a decrease of forest land in the region. From a forest cover estimated to be at 673,790 hectares on 1993 there was a decrease
in the forest land at just 668,801 hectares in 2003. During the said ten-year period, there is an estimated loss of 500 hectares per year.
This is attributed to increasing human activity whereas the forest area is converted to agricultural, industrial, and residential lands.
The region is also home to a massive mountain range that stretches across the whole of Luzon. The Cordillera mountain range is characterized
by steep mountains and high elevation terrain which predisposes the higher parts of Cordillera to landslides. Aside from that, the region also
has lower sections, mostly situated in the northern part of the Cordillera. These lower areas are also challenged by flooding concerns which
may be caused by river siltation and strong currents of water due to typhoons or heavy rains.
From an economical standpoint and still according to the 2011-2016 RDP, the CAR’s gross regional output is from industry, agriculture and
forestry, and services with the industry sector being the biggest contributor to the region’s gross output. Although it employs only about 10
percent of the region’s workforce, the high production is due to the valuable electronics manufactured for export at the Baguio City Economic
Zone. It is notable that the industry sector’s regional contributions are determined by the global electronics market.
The gross regional output of the CAR is also influenced by the agricultural and forestry sector, which employs more than half of the regional
workforce however, due to slow growth and low productivity, it only contributes to a little over 13 percent of the region’s gross output.
The services sector, on the other hand, continues to increase steadily as it shares about 24 percent of the output. This is in response to the
growth of the Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) industry.
With a profile on the regions, exposed population, vulnerability, and the occurrence of natural and human-induced hazards in the Region we
can estimate the overall disaster risk of the Cordilleras. Without any preventive, mitigating, and preparedness actions, continuous disasters
may lead to more loss of lives, damages to properties, and economic problems. This is due to the effects of disasters as a whole. Put together
with damaged facilities that are in need of rehabilitation, our Region may face bigger challenges in the future if not prepared.

III. DRRM CHALLENGES AND GAPS
Despite all of the efforts undertaken and implemented by partner agencies and stakeholders at the local level, there is still a need to address
the following challenges:
• Slow adoption of good practices in DRRM.
Good practice always reap good outcome. There are good DRRM practices being adopted by communities and organizations that are worth
replicating or improving. Yet, the adoptions of these are often slowed down by unresponsive and oftentimes diffident community attitude,
former beliefs and deep rooted traditions.
• Non-convergence of efforts towards DRRM.
Various efforts have been implemented by both government and private entities and NGO’s towards DRRM. To avoid duplication and waste
of resources, we promote public-private partnership as a mechanism to harmonize and complement efforts of each agency.
• Delayed implementation of rehabilitation and recovery projects.
The availability of Post Disaster Needs Assessment (PDNA) of affected areas is vital for rehabilitation and recovery projects as these will be
the baseline data for seeking financial support. A Rehabilitation and Recovery Plan should also be put in place as reference document for
this purpose.

• Slow institutionalization of local DRRMOs.
The Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office (LDRRMO) shall be institutionalized from the provincial, city, and municipal levels;
and at the barangay level, the Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Committee (BDRRMC) must be established. These offices
and bodies shall be responsible for setting the direction, development, implementation and coordination of Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management programs within their area of jurisdiction.
For the region, majority of the LGUs have already organized their LDRRM Office. However, most Local Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Officers do not carry plantilla positions. Personnel rely mostly in multi tasking and contractual appointments. Some personnel
are being designated to act as the focal DRRM Officers in addition to their existing appointments. Thus DRRM related activities at the local
level are not given full priority.
• Limited financing of LGUs to support DRRM-related project and activities.
Priority projects and activities are not continuously implemented due to inadequate financial resources of LGUs. They oftentimes encounter
difficulty in acquiring equipment and other early warning systems due to their limited resources which include the lack of trainings and other
knowledge enhancement activities that could turn provide long term and sustainable DRRM projects.
One of the most pressing concerns that the LGUs have is the acquisition of resettlement areas for the relocation of those families
residing in the high risk areas and those being affected by disasters. The foregoing concern can be addressed if the concerned LGUs will
improve their capability to access financing assistance from other sources like Public-Private Partnership (PPP) and other financing modalities
who offer grants or soft loan schemes.
• Mainstreaming of DRR/CCA to local plans is ongoing.
Harmonization of planning, project development, investment programming and budgeting can be reconciled if DRR/CCA project and activities
are already incorporated and enjoined in the DRR/CCA-enhanced plans which will serve as basis for implementing prioritized projects and
activities.
• LGU as the First Line of Defense
“No one knows you better than your own self,” a quote that reflects the situation of LGUs corresponding to DRRM. LGUs know themselves
better, speaking from what they need and where they need to be guided. Understanding the disaster risk profile is the first step towards
dealing with DRR related problems. Our first step is to improve the collection and analysis of disaster profile impacts at the LGU level. The
implementation of disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation strategies should be better down up, where it should start from the
LGU level rather the other way around due to the varying numbers of population, weather conditions, the region terrain and other factors that
may affect a community’s disaster risk. One way to solve these varying issues is the establishment of a DRRM Office in every LGU in which
there is an established communication facility due to the fact that they are the front liners in promoting proper linkages, preparedness and
emergency response mechanism.

Since Local Government Units are the primary implementers of DRRM in their community, capacity building exercises should be prioritized
for them. This ensures that the basic unit of government is well equipped to defend themselves against the effects disasters. As front liners
the LGUs must have the necessary knowledge and skills in order for them to attain their own sustainable development.

v. M I S S I O N & V I S I O N
VISION
Safer, adaptive and disaster resilient Filipino communities towards sustainable development.

vi. GOALS & OBJECTIVES
Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan Priority Areas
In consonance with the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan (NDRRMP) and National Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Framework, the Cordillera Region also aims to have a “Safer, adaptive and disaster resilient communities towards
sustainable development.” This will be achieved through the four (4) distinct yet mutually reinforcing priority areas namely:
Priority Areas Goals Objectives

To avoid hazards and mitigate 1. Reduce vulnerability and exposure of families,
Disaster Prevention and the potential effects of disasters communities, and Local government units to
Mitigation by reducing the overall risks and potential impacts of all hazards
increasing the capabilities of the 2. Enhance capabilities of families, communities,
families, communities, and Local and Local government units to reduce the risk of
government units. potential impact of all hazards
Responsive, disaster resilient and 1. Development and implementation of Regional

Disaster Preparedness prepared families, communities, communication plan for DRR CCA.
Local government units, and NGAs 2. To increase the capacities of DRRM Councils and
with readily available and accessible Offices, families and communities and LGUs
resources. 3. To develop and implement SOPs and contingency
plan and other systems on disaster preparedness
To strengthen partnership and coordination among
all key players and stakeholders for CRDRRMC
Disaster Response To preserve life by having a multi- 1. Decrease the number of casualties
partite response system that will 2. Provide the basic needs of affected families,
meet the basic needs of affected communities, and LGUs
communities, families, and LGUs 3. Immediately restore the basic social services and
during and immediately after a utilities of affected families, communities, and LGUs
disaster
To provide and coordinate 1. To restore and improve the vital infrastructures and
Rehabilitation and Recovery rehabilitation and recovery services service facilities of the affected communities
that are responsive to the needs of 2. To ensure the restoration of the people’s means of
the affected families and communities livelihood and continuity of economic activities and
businesses
3. To ensure availability of prime & basic commodities
in local markets at SRP.
4. To design & construct/package disaster resilient
housing units in relocation & resettlement sites
5. To assist in the physical and psychological
rehabilitation of persons who suffered from the
effects of disaster

VII. PROJECTS, PROGRAMS AND
ACTIVITIES BASED ON THE
FOUR THEMATIC AREAS

A. PREVENTION AND MITIGATION
GOAL To avoid hazards and mitigate the potential effects of disasters by reducing the overall risks and increasing
the capabilities of the families, communities, and Local government units.
Objectives 1. Reduce vulnerability and exposure of families, communities, and Local government units to potential
impacts of all hazards
2. Enhance capabilities of families, communities, and Local government units to reduce the risk of poten-
tial impact of all hazards
Outcome 1 DRRM and CCA mainstreamed and integrated in local development policies, plans & budget
Indicators • Utilization of 5% LDRRMF dedicated to DRRM and CCA activities
• DRRM and CCA mainstreamed in CDP & CLUPs
• DRR & CCA programs implemented
• DRRM Offices established
• Hazards maps are accessible to the public
• Number of LGUs using GIS
Lead Agency: OCD, DILG, and HLURB
Implementing partners: NEDA, DPWH, MGB, DENR, DOST, HUDCC, NAMRIA,DBM, COA, EMB,DA
OUTPUTS ACTIVITIES TIMELINE
1. DRRM-CCA plans, programs, and activities are Integration of DRRM-CCA in the plans, 2013-2016
integrated in plans & budgets of NGAs programs, activities, and budgets of the NGAs
Monitor the utilization and allocation of the

2. DRRM-CCA plans, programs, and activities are LDRRMF for DRRM activities 2013-2016
integrated in plans & budgets of LGUs
Review related Executive Orders
Advocate the institutionalization of
3. DRRM Offices established DRRM Offices with permanent plantilla positions 2013-2016
for the DRRM officers and budget
Promote Public Private Partnerships to gain
more partners
Ensure CSO and private sector membership to
4. Enhanced private sector and CSO participation at the local DRRM council
local level for prevention and mitigation 2013-2016
Establishment of partnership with private sectors

and CSOs in implementation and monitoring
Orientation on the National Building Code and

other related laws
5. Strict compliance and implementation to environmental 2013-2016
law, building code and zoning Monitoring and evaluation of LGU compliance to
environmental laws, building code and zoning
6. Resilient agriculture sector Implementation of the Agri resiliency plan 2013
Showcase all existing hazards maps (from MGB,

7. Accessible hazard maps to the public PHIVOLCS, DOST and other stakeholders) 2013
through online and offline viewing

Outcome 2 • End to End monitoring system (monitoring & response), forecasting and early warning systems are established and
improved
Indicators • Number of EWS developed and established
Lead Agency: OCD & DOST
Implementing partners: LGUs, DILG
Enhancement of OCD/ RDRRMC OpCen ICT facilities in partnership with
DOST – PAGASA and private sector
Promote and support the implementation of project NOAH
1. Developed and enhanced Develop and enhance IT platform for fast dissemination of warning
monitoring, forecasting and advisories to stakeholders and public 2013-2016
hazard warning of communities Develop local EWS
Promote and establish local EWS
Promote or develop hazard monitoring trainings for LGUs
Advocate the use of GIS in the LGUs
LGUs and communities are capacitated. Trainings: GIS, REDAS, Hazard Mapping 2013-2016
Outcome 3 • LGUs have access to effective and applicable disaster risk financing and insurance
Indicators • Insured LGUs and NGAs assets
• Accesible and available risk financing choices for the LGUs and NGAs
Lead Agency: OCD-CAR, HLURB
Implementing partners: LGUs, GSIS, DA, SSS, DBM and other private partners
Update the directory of available financing opportunities for LGUs and NGAs
1. Accessible and available risk
financing choices for vulnerable Produce an IEC to encourage hazard insurance coverage for government, 2013-2016
groups or communities private infrastructures and business establishments
Promote insurance schemes
Outcome 4 • Healthy families and communities.

Indicators • Provision and prepositioning of goods (medicines, toilet bowls, vaccines, supplies, etc.) to maintain
healthy families
• Improvement of Health Facilities
• Maintenance of vaccine viability in times of emergency and disasters
• Number of sanitary materials distributed
• Number of IEC campaigns conducted
1. Easy access to goods to prevent Promote vaccination of the public against vaccine-preventable diseases
diseases
Provision of sanitary materials
2. Informed families and communities 2013-2016

Conduct of IEC campaigns on disease prevention and control
on disease prevention and control
3. Communities with accessible, Augmentation of Health Facilities and manpower
available, quality health services

VII. PROJECTS, PROGRAMS AND ACTIVITIES BASED ON THE FOUR THEMATIC AREAS
B. PREPAREDNESS
LGUs and communities trained with BLS
Goal Responsive, disaster resilient and prepared families, communities, and Local government units with readily available
and accessible resources.
Objectives 1. Development and implementation of Regional communication plan for DRR CCA.
2. To increase the capacities of DRRM Councils and Offices, families and communities and LGUs
3. To develop and implement SOPs and contingency plan and other systems on disaster preparedness
4. To strengthen partnership and coordination among all key players and stakeholders for CRDRRMC
Outcome 1 • Increased level of awareness of the communities to the threats and impacts of all hazards , risks and vulnerabilities
Indicators • Number IEC materials developed

• Number IEC campaigns conducted
• Target population reached
• Increased Number of partners that advocate Disaster Preparedness
Lead Agency: PIA
Implementing partners: DILG, DSWD, MGB, DENR, OCD, DEPED, CHED, PNP, AFP, DOH, BFP
Promote and conduct regular disaster preparedness advisories through TV,

2013-2016
radio, internet, printed media and SMS
1. Comprehensive and strength- Develop IEC projects on Disaster Preparedness that focuses on vulnerable
2013-2016
ened regional DRRM IEC groups not limited to children and elderly.
programs
Produce/ reproduce and distribute IECs materials on DRRM (Not limited to

2013-2016
Meteorological and Hydrological hazards and earthquakes)

Outcome 2 Promote and initiate DRRM best practices that will enhance the emergency response capacity of communities and LGUs
Indicators • Number of DRR CCA best practices documented
• Number of DRR CCA best practices replicated
Formulation of criteria for DRR CCA best practices 2013-2016
1. Best Practices on DRR CCA Documentation of best practices 2013-2016

documented and replicated Promotion of best practices on DRR CCA
2013-2016
Conduct a yearly search for the best practices of DRR CCA
Outcome 3 Communities are equipped with the necessary skills and capability to cope with the impacts of disasters
Indicators • Number of communities trained on disaster preparedness and response
• Number of teams with specialized training for response
• Number of DRRM managers and key decision makers trained
• Number of DRRM materials developed for formal education and training programs
Lead Agency: DILG, OCD
Implementing partners: DOH,DSWD, DEPED, CHED, NTC

Formulation of standard POI, trainings and modules best applicable in Cor-
2013-2016
dillera setting
Conduct of DRRM capacity building trainings on ICS, SAR, RDANA,PDNA,

Emergency Responders’ Course, Emergency Medical Technician Course,
1. Disaster prepared communities risk assessment and emergency drills, conventions and others.
with increased understanding 2013-2016
and application of risk reduc- Promote Community based DRR initiatives
tion measures Training and establishment of Rapid Damage and Needs Assessment team
and Post Disaster Needs Analysis team and regional and LGU levels.
Update inventory of DRR resources and list of primary and back up
evacuation areas, and other needed DRR facilities.
Conduct of DRRM & CCA education and training for the public and private
2. Increased awareness of private schools
and public schools on DRR 2013-2016
and CCA Promote the integration of DRR-CCA in school curricula, and schools
student manual
Promote the investment on necessary disaster preparedness and response

TEAs (Tools, equipment, and accessories) allocated thru the LDRRM Fund.
3. Well-equipped LDRRM Offices Initiate programs that will encourage the enhancement of LGUs capability
and local emergency respond- on emergency response such as promotion and duplication of PNP blue 2013-2016
ers box
Introduce modified TEAs for SAR that will promote the CBDRRM concept

Outcome 4 Strengthened partnership and coordination among key players and stakeholders
Indicators • Number of MOUs/ MOAs signed with CSO and private sector
• Increased participation of stakeholders in preparedness activities
• Number coordination and partnership mechanisms formulated

Implementing partners: DOST, DSWD, NEDA, DENR, DEPED, CHED, PNP, AFP, BFP, DOH

Update directory and database of key players and stakeholders yearly
Strengthen partnership with tri media partners **
1. Established better partner- Strengthen partnership with the private sector and other stakeholders ** 2013-2016
ship arrangements among
stakeholders Organize multi stakeholders dialogues and convention yearly
Commitment Building (Pledge of Commitment, MOUs)
Knowledge Sharing/e.g. web linking etc.
Outcome 5 Functional Local DRRM Councils and Offices at all levels

Indicators • Number of functional DRRMCs
Implementing partners: DOST, NEDA, DSWD
Reorganization of the LDRRMCs
Promote the regular LDRRMC meetings as per RA 10121
Provide technical assistance in the formulation and Development of
DRRM related plans: LDRRM Plans, CPs, SOPs, Response Plans and
others 2013-2016
1. Self-reliant and operational
DRRMCs Provide technical assistance in the establishment of Disaster Operation
Centers
Provide technical assistance in the institutionalization of Incident Manage-
ment Teams (IMT) and RDANA Teams at the Regional and Local levels
Formulate protocols on response
Advocate the stockpiling and prepositioning of resources
Orient Local Disaster Operations Centers and Local DRRM Officers about
DRRM concepts, updates, and other related knowledge bases
2. Fully functioning, and ad- Train Radio Operators in Communications in Disasters 2013-2016
equately staffed DRRM offices
in all levels Advocate the institutionalization of DOCs
Educate the LDRRM Officers on the primary functions of Disaster Opera-
tions Centers and SOPs on activation
Educate the CRDRRMC member agencies Officers on the primary func-
tions of Disaster Operations Centers and SOPs on activation

Outcome 6 • Developed and implemented comprehensive national and local preparedness and response policies, plans and
systems
Indicators • Number of formulated DRR preparedness and response plans
• Number of preparedness teams institutionalized
• Number of protocols and procedures established
Implementing partners: DOST, DSWD, NEDA, BFP, PNP, DOH, AFP, DPWH, NTC, PIA, DENR, MGB, DOTC
Develop and or enhance integrated response mechanism

1. Enhanced preparedness and 2013-2016
(ie SOPs for deployment for and coordination with RDANA, SAR and
response strategies including
evacuation)
coordination mechanism
2. Conduct quarterly earthquake simulations/ drills
Outcome 7 • Increased response capacity of the CRDRRMC to augment LGUs
Indicators • Data base of identified safe evacuation centers

• Data base of identified safe temporary housing areas
• Data base of identified safe Incident Command Post Areas
• Data base of identified safe Helispots and Helibases
• Data base of identified Regional resources for emergency response
Lead Agency: DILG, DSWD
Implementing partners: DOST, DSWD, NEDA, BFP, PNP, AFP, DPWH, NTC, PIA, DENR, MGB, DOH, DILG
1. Collate data regarding the existing and potential safe evacuation sites
2013
1. Identification of safe evacuation and safe temporary housing areas
sites and temporary housing
areas 2. Evaluate identified evacuation sites and temporary housing areas if
2013
they are safe against potential disasters
2. Readily available bases and 3. Identify readily available areas for helicopter and other air transport
2013
spots for air transportation vehicle bases/spots
3. Readily available database for 4. Collate data regarding the existing emergency resources (i.e. Accred-
emergency response ited stress debriefing providers, hospitals, accredited response teams)

C. RESPONSE
Goal • To preserve life by having a multi-partite response system that will meet the basic needs of affected
communities, families, and LGUs during and immediately after a disaster
Objectives 1. Decrease the number of casualties
2. Provide the basic needs of affected families, communities, and LGUs
3. Immediately restore the basic social services and utilities of affected families, communities, and LGUs
Outcome 1 Efficient coordination with OCD-CAR/ CRDRRMC Operations Center as the central hub for activation of all Disaster
Operations and repository of information
Indicators • Timely response to incidents

• Effective and strategic deployment of resources
• Number of coordinated response mechanisms
• Number of CRDRRMC members rendering duty at the Regional Disaster Operations Center
• Number of CRDRRMCs rendering duty at the Regional Disaster Operations Center
Lead Agency: OCD, DSWD
Implementing partners: PNP, DOH, BFP, DPWH, AFP, DILG, DA, DENR, Philippine Red Cross
Activation of the Regional Disaster Operations Center
Conduct of CRDRRMC emergency meeting or briefing
Render of duties by the members at the Regional Operations Center
Prepositioning of resources
1. Functional Regional Disaster Coordinate with LDRRMOs/ LDOCs and member agencies for disaster 2013-2016
Operations Center updates or situational reports
LDRRMOs/LDOCs will be tasked to coordinate and send reports and up-

dates to the Regional Disaster Operations Center regularly and as needed
CRDRRMC member agencies send reports and updates to the Regional

Disaster Operations Center regularly and as needed

Outcome 2 Well-established response operations during and immediately after a disaster
Indicators • Activated functional Incident Command System (ICS) by the first responders on site
• Availability of accurate information during response
• Augmented LGU Resources
Lead Agency: DSWD, DOH, LGUs
Implementing partners: OCD, PNP, BFP, DPWH, AFP, DILG, Philippine Red Cross, PIA, NTC, DOTC
OUTPUTS ACTIVITIES TIME LINE

Upon arrival of first
1. Activated a functional ICS on site Activation of the ICS, IMT, and C3 on site
responders
2. Well-established system of
Upon arrival of the
information gathering, reporting Activation SOP for Response/ Response Plan and Regional DANA Team
DANA team
and dissemination
3. Established and functioning sys-
tem for coordinated and efficient Activation of relief distribution points/centers Based on need
relief operations
Outcome 3 Prompt and safe evacuation of families and communities at risk

Indicators • Timely and safe evacuation of families and communities
• Number of persons evacuated by voluntary, pre-emptive and mandatory actions
Lead Agency: DSWD, LGUs
Implementing partners: PNP, DOH, BFP, DPWH, AFP, DILG, Philippine Red Cross
1. Safe evacuation of affected Coordination with appropriate agencies and LGUs

As needed
population as soon as possible Activation of Evacuation System or Plans and Procedures
Outcome 4 Prompt Damage Assessment and Needs Analysis (DANA) as needed at all levels: Regional and LGU
Indicators • Rapid DANA conducted in all affected areas

Implementing partners: Regional Members of the RDANA Team

Activation of RDANA teams As needed
1. Timely DANA Reports submitted
Deployment of RDANA teams As needed
to the Regional Disaster Opera-
tions Center
Timely submission of RDANA reports As needed

Outcome 5 Temporary shelter/Evacuation Camp needs are attended to

Indicators • Number of temporary shelters vis-à-vis of number of people needing them
• Basic subsistence needs of internally displaced persons are provided


Activation of SOP on Camp Management
1. All IDPs are sheltered in adequately Activation of the Cluster Approach (Food and Non-food, WASH, CCCM,
equipped facilities that are sensitive Shelter)
As needed
to the IDPs’ gender, age, and Provision of basic needs of IDPs
vulnerability
Establishment of gender and age sensitive areas such as but not limited to:
child and women friendly spaces, breastfeeding area, and conjugal rooms
2. Children who are IDPs should have
Establishment of temporary learning spaces and facilities for children As needed
an avenue for continuous learning
3. IDPs are accounted for and are Establishment of evacuation database by monitoring the number of IDPs in
As needed
ensured of their safety every site/ temporary housing during their stay
Outcome 6 Integrated Search, Rescue, and Retrieval (SRR) operations

Indicators • Number of persons rescued identified and turned-over to their respective families
1. Missing persons found/ rescued/ and
Safe and timely rescue operation As needed
retrieved in a safe and timely manner
Establishment of centralized haven for responders
Accounting of responders Regularly and as
2. Safe and secured responders
needed
Provision of the basic needs of responders
Outcome 7 Health services are provided to the affected population at the earliest possible time to cater to the physical and psychosocial
care needs of the affected population
Indicators • Number of patients treated and served
• Number of disaster-related cases
• Number of patients undergoing disaster-related medical care
Lead Agency: DOH, DSWD

Medical consultation and nutritional assessment
1. Disaster-affected population are in
Conduct of psychological stress debriefing activities ASAP
good mental and physical state
Conduct of psychosocial programs and referral

Outcome 8 Immediate restoration of affected facilities and utilities
Indicators • Basic facilities and utilities restored
Lead Agency: DSWD, DPWH

Implementing partners: LGUs, Water Districts, Electrical Cooperatives, Communication Service Providers

Facilitate the restoration of affected life lines (communication water and
1. Basic services restored ASAP
electricity)
Outcome 9 Initiate schemes and mechanisms for the distribution of financial assistance and continuation of livelihood for victims who
are affected by the disaster
Indicators • Number of established livelihood centers in evacuation camps
• Number of people with livelihood assistance
• Number of people given financial assistance
Lead Agency: DSWD and OCD
Implementing partners: PNP, DOH, BFP, DPWH, AFP, DILG, Philippine Red Cross, TESDA, DOLE

1. Families with injured/ dead
members are given financial Provide financial assistance to families with injured/ dead members as
assistance as per issuing agency’s caused by the disaster
guidelines
2. Victims who are able to work are Design and Implement temporary livelihood and/or income-generating
given the option to join temporary activities (i.e. cash for food/work programs, micro and small enterprise
livelihood activities recovery)

4. REHABILITATION AND RECOVERY
Goal • To provide and coordinate rehabilitation and recovery services that are responsive to the needs of the affected
families and communities
Objectives 1. To restore and improve the vital infrastructures and service facilities of the affected communities
2. To ensure the restoration of the people’s means of livelihood and continuity of economic activities and businesses
3. To ensure availability of prime & basic commodities in local markets at SRP.
4. To design & construct/package disaster resilient housing units in relocation & resettlement sites
5. To assist in the physical and psychological rehabilitation of persons who suffered from the effects of disaster
Outcome 1 Damages, Losses, and Needs Assessed

Indicators • Comprehensive assessment
• Percentage of livelihood activities restored through government (NLA/ LGU) support
• Percentage of infrastructures improved after disasters
Lead Agency: NEDA, DILG, LGU
Activation of DANA Team
1 month after the
1. DANA Report Conduct of DANA
Generation of Reports disaster
3 months after the
2. Rehabilitation and Recovery Plan Formulation of the Rehabilitation and Recovery Plan
impact of disaster
Outcome 2 Economic activities of the affected population restored

Indicators • Affected families provided economic assistance
Lead Agency: NEDA, DILG, LGU, DSWD, DTI
Implementing partners: PNP, DOH, BFP, DPWH, AFP, DILG, Private Sector, Philippine Red Cross
Within 3 months after

1. Self-reliant IDPs and communities Livelihood programs/activities established for the IDPs
the impact of disaster
(Affected communities will be able to
start anew using available funds for
their livelihood) Ensure access of funds to affected households for livelihood (PAGI-
As needed
BIG, DOLE, DSWD, and Private Sector).
2. Basic Commodities available To ensure availability of prime & basic commodities in local markets
As needed
at SRP and implement price monitoring as needed
3. Agricultural input provided Provision of agricultural production inputs based on PDNA. As needed

Outcome 3 Disaster-resilient housing units and resettlement sites established
Indicators • Number of families provided with housing assistance

• Number of disaster-resilient housing units and resettlement sites established
Lead Agency: NEDA, DSWD, LGU

Implementing partners: DILG, DPWH, LGUs, HLURB, HUDCC, NGOs/ Private Sector, PAGIBIG, SSS, and other local international partners

1. Resettlement / housing projects Implement Resettlement Assistance Program (RAP) other applicable
are established for the affected ASAP
HSG programs to affected areas
population
Design & construct/ package disaster resilient housing units in reloca-
2. Disaster resilient housing units
tion & resettlement sites giving due consideration to weather and ASAP
constructed for affected families
climate data.
Within 1 year
3. Affected families are given assis- Emergency Shelter Assistance (ESA), Core Shelter Assistance Project
after the impact of
tance through Shelter Programs (CSAP), Modified Shelter Assistance
disaster
Provide technical assistance to LGUs in formulating their local Shelter
4. Local Shelter Plans (LSP) address-
Plans (LSP) to address the housing and urban development needs of 2013-2016
ing disaster resilient housing units
formal and informal sectors as requested
Outcome 4 Damaged facilities/infrastructures will be reconstructed to be more disaster and climate change-resilient standards.
Indicators • Number of facilities/infrastructures rehabilitated

Lead Agency: NEDA, DSWD, LGU
Implementing partners: DILG, DPWH, LGUs, HLURB, DOH

1. Infrastructures damaged by the
Restoration of damaged infrastructures in line with the building back
disaster will be restored and
principle
improved
Monitoring and evaluation of implementation of Rehabilitation and
2. Monitoring Reports
Recovery plan
Outcome 5 Physical and psychological health of the affected population is restored

Indicators • Number of victims provided with psychosocial care
• Number of service providers assisted
Lead Agency: DOH, DSWD

Implementing partners: Philippine Red Cross, LGUs and other local and international partners
1. The physical and psychological Within 1 year
health of the victims will be Provision of psychological services and physical therapy after the impact of
continuously guided and monitored disaster

VIII. MONITORING AND
EVALUATION
Monitoring and Evaluation
In ensuring that the Regional DRRM Plan is executed on time, the CRDRRMC shall develop a Monitoring and evaluation tool which will
be utilized to guarantee the efficiency of the Plan. The results will be utilized for data collection, creation of the succeeding RDRRMP,
feedback mechanisms, and other activities that are vital to the continuity of DRRM excellence in the region.
Once the tool is completed, the Monitoring and Evaluation process will involve multi-stakeholder workshops which will include the
CRDRRMC, LGUs, and other partner organizations or individuals that are involved in the Region’s overall DRRM state.

VIII. MONITORING AND EVALUATION
M & E Tool Creation and Review Process
The M & E tool shall be crafted as an instrument for the assessment of the RDRRMP programs, projects and activities. Based on the Hyogo
Framework for Action, the first phase is focused on preparing reports that will be used in the analyses of the Plan’s implementation and outputs.
The second Phase is aimed towards the sharing of our reports until the creation of the next RDRRMP.
TIME
STEPS DESCRIPTION OUTPUT
FRAME
The Cordillera Regional DRRM Council shall initiate the
review process by identifying the key stakeholders that will
Step 1: Identification participate in the evaluation of the CRDRRMP. An effort to
1. A list of the Regional DRRM Stake-
of the Regional DRRM get representation from most of the key stakeholders from
holders
stakeholders all of the important sectors should be performed. Local
Government Units are also encouraged to participate in the
review process.
1. Working Groups under the Four
Thematic Areas:
Once the stakeholders are identified, working groups will be
Step 2: Setting up a. Disaster Prevention and Mitigation
determined through meetings that include the Office of Civil
working groups using b. Disaster Preparedness
Defense-CAR together with the four Vice-Chairpersons of the
the four thematic areas c. Disaster Response, and
CRDRRMC. The meetings may also be an avenue for the
of DRRM d. Disaster Rehabilitation and
creation of the M & E Tool.
Recovery
2. M & E Tool
The stakeholder meetings/ workshops shall be convened
to start the evaluation process. Mechanics of the evaluation
will be presented to the workshop participants prior to the
Step 3: Convening
collection of data. The workshop will be facilitated by the 1. M & E Tool to be introduced and
multi stakeholder
OCD-CAR, DOST, DILG, DSWD, and NEDA. handed out to partners
meetings/ workshops
After the M & E tool is shared with the stakeholders, a
rigorous information collection process will take place.
Step 4: Assembling all After the collection of data, through a participatory workshop,
inputs from the working the working groups will then assemble to ensure the overall 1. M & E outputs authenticated
groups authenticity of the information through presentations.
Step 5: Consolidation The assembling of inputs and consolidation of validated

2. Authenticated M & E outputs consoli-
of all validated information from the M & E tool shall be facilitated by the
dated
information OCD-CAR with the help of the CRDRRMC.
Step 6: Reviewing the The CRDRRMC will be tasked to review the consolidated data
1. Consolidated information shared to the
consolidated data with through council meetings. The data will then be circulated to
CRDRRMC and partner stakeholders
the working groups other stakeholders for their comments and validation.
Step 7: Sharing the

Once reviewed, the information may be shared by the 1. Current progress of the Regional
information as an
CRDRRMC for future uses. DRRM Plan
'Interim Report'

PART II
PROVINCIAL
RISK PROFILES

CORDILLERA
RISK PROFILE A. ABRA
Abra is located on the western portion of the Cordillera region. It is considered the largest province in Cordillera occupying one-fifth of the
region’s land area. It possesses the most number of municipalities (27) and barangays (303) among the seven Cordillera provinces. The
province also serves as trhe watershed of Norht Luzon. It hosts one of the major river basins in the country which have been affirmed to have
enormous water-holding capacity – Abra River.
The most frequent natural hazards that affected the province were flooding, landslides and ground shaking. These were either triggered by
typhoons or earthquakes.
From 2001 to 2010, there were 18 typhoons recorded that affected the province. Five of them brought major destructions, namely; Typhoon
Feria, Igme, Pepeng and Juan
There were 18 typhoons recorded that affected the In terms of spatial extent, typhoons Feria
province from 2001 to 2010 and Igme were the most significant
where almost all the ten (10) upland
municipalities and barangays situated
Oct
-5
Jul 4
17-
along water bodies were isolated. During

18
2001
2010
typhoon Feria, there were 20 casualties

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Sep 26 "MINA" Nov 23 a total of 584 families and damages on
-28 "ONDO
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infrastructure reported reached a total of
"KABAYAN" N P 498.3 M, P 201.9 M on agriculture and
Oct 3 & 8 "PEPENG" ov 23
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HISTORICAL DISASTER In terms of spatial extent,
HAZARD GROUND
FLOOD SHAKING typhoons Feria and Igme
were the most significant
EVENTS where almost all the ten (10)
upland municipalities and
barangays situated along
water bodies were isolated.
“Feria” “Igme” “Pepeng” “Juan” Earthquake During typhoon Feria, there
July 4-5, 2001 June 29-30, 2004 Oct. 1, 2009 Oct. 17-18, 2010 July 16, 1990 were 20 casualties reported,
Affected Area 20 Muns 20 Muns 20 Muns 20 Muns Province Wide
11 missing and 29 injured.
There were 4,084 families
Dead 20 2 2 0 0 affected and a total of P
Missing 11 3 0 0 0 5.35 M cost of damages
Injured 29 7 1 0 0
to houses and P 11.6 M
No. of Casualties estimated cost of damages
to infrastructures. Typhoon
Missing 36,638 4,084 22,961 6,015 584 Igme affected a total of
Injured 188,541 28,915 113,144 30,307 3036 584 families and damages
No. Families Affected on infrastructure reported
reached a total of P 498.3
Totally 1,976 130 43 3 104 M, P 201.9 M on agriculture
Partially 7,312 685 911 119 149 and P247.5 M on houses
No. of Houses Damaged
P
Houses 247.493 5.350 0.78 ND
Agriculture 201.852 171.528 124.834 38.366 ND
498.281 207.226 127.5 3.898 ND
Estimated Cost of Infrastructure
Damages (Million Pesos) Source : Abra PDRRMC
Source : PSWDO , OCD
EPICENTERS
Seismological Observation and Earthquake Prediction Division National Earthquake Information Center - USGS There were 18 recorded
earthquakes with epicenters
within the province from
Municipality Depth Magnitude Date Time Depth Magnitude Date Time 1862 to 2003. The
epicenter of the July 16,
Bangued 20 4.7 09-27-1990 21:08 1990 earthquake was
Boliney 9 4.8 09-24-1990 02:27
Daguioman 10 4.5 09-14-1992 13:17
located in Tubo with a
Danglas 11 5 12-10-2003 15:51 48 4.5 09-09-1979 12:51 magnitude of 4.7 on the
Lacub 33 4.5 01-04-1999 12:19 Ritcher scale (NEIC-USGS)
Lagangilang 50 5.3 07-29-1863 18:30 and a depth of 33 meters.
Lagayan 95 4.9 04-15-1999 24:26 There were five (5) fatalities
Lapaz 34 5.2 03-12-1875 13:00 reported, one (1) missing
0 4.6 12-14-1879 13:28 and 78 injured. The depth
Licuan-Baay 9 4.5 02-20-1991 09:12 was 5th shallowest among
20 4.6 02-02-1991 17:55 the data. There were three
12 4.6 06-26-1998 21:28 reported earthquakes that
Malibcong 33 4.8 07-16-1990 20:31 0 4.5 09-08-1862 22:00
Manabo 50 5.6 09-12-1877 08:00
had 0 meters depth, the
Sallapadan 33 4.6 09-19-1990 18:24 epicenters of which were
33 4.8 04-08-1970 21:37 located in the municipalities
18 5.4 04-22-1996 02:23 of La Paz (Dec. 14,
San Quintin 0 6.2 10-28-1931 05:35 1879), Malibcong (Sept.
Tayum 29 4.7 02-18-1991 01:59 8,1862) and San Quintin
Tineg 14 4.8 07-30-1985 18:54 (Oct.28,1931).Typhoon
Tubo 13 5.2 01-13-2008 12:15 33 4.7 07-16-1990 16:03 Feria and July 16, 1990
23 4.7 03-19-1992 23:14 33 5.2 07-17-1990 21:47 earthquake had also caused
33 4.6 07-16-1990 16:30 33 4.6 07-16-1990 20:35 power interruptions which
10 5.2 03-19-1992 06:45 33 4.6 07-17-1990 05:26
24 4.7 08-06-1990 03:25
lasted for almost a month.
3 5 03-19-1992 07:46
4 5.3 09-03-1990 06:42
1 4.6 08-22-1990 18:00
Source : Abra PDRRMC

I. HYDROMETEOROLOGIC
HAZARDS
A. Flood
Flood prone/severe flooding mostly occurs in areas along the Abra River and its major
tributaries affecting the municipalities of Manabo, Bucay, San Juan, Lagangilang,
Dolores, Tayum, La Paz, Bangued and Pidigan. The occurrence of severe flooding
in these areas is attributed by the river constricts at San Diego, Pidigan where only
a passage of 200 m width is available for large floods resulting in a tail water effect.
Typhoons with heavy winds and large amount of rainfall over the whole catchment
area cause flooding. Because of the high density of the rain fall, the retention of
the surface and the soil is small and only part of the water can be stored. The main
part of the water flows quite fast to the smaller streams in the mountain region and
then to the Abra River. Normally the flood level rises in about 6 to 10 hours to the
maximum and then sinks in about 10 to 20 hours.
For the last ten years, the province experienced flooding during typhoons FERIA in
2001, IGME in 2004, PEPENG in 2009 and JUAN in 2010. Flooding was triggered
by these typhoons brought about by heavy winds and large amounts of rainfall.
Water levels along Abra River during said typhoons reached an estimated depth
of 10 meters at San Diego Pidigan. Water subsided within 1-2 days considering
the large volume of water discharge which recorded a volume of 82,763 liters per
second.
Water velocity along the river is highest at San Diego, Pidigan with 4.5 m/s, 3.2 m/s
along San Quintin, 2.7 m/s along Mudeng/Calaba Bangued, 2.8 m/s along Manabo
and Lagangilang and 2.3 m/s along Santa Rosa, Bangued. (Basler & Hofmann,
1999)
On July 4, 2001, typhoon Feria hit the province of Abra which caused very severe
flood affecting all municipalities located along the Abra River bank. The Provincial
Social Welfare and Development Office reported that there were 20 casualties, 29
injured and 11 missing. A total of 36,638 families were affected and a total of
1,976 houses totally damaged and 7,312 partially damaged. Damaged properties
was estimated P498.3 M on infrastructure, P201.9 M on agriculture and P 247.5M
on houses.
Typhoon IGME struck the province last June 2004. According to PSWDO, two (2)
persons died, three (3) were missing and seven (7) were injured. A total of 130
houses were totally damaged and 685 houses partially damaged with an overall
amount of P76.6M to agriculture and P 384.1M for infrastructure.

cordillera risk profile abra
On October 4, 2009, typhoon PEPENG totally damaged 43 houses, partially With these calamities experienced in the province, there were great losses in
damaged 911 houses, killed two (2) persons and injured one (1). The total agricultural production particularly the vegetable bowl of the province, Brgy. Sta
number of families affected was 22,961 and 113, 144 persons. Total Rosa in Bangued. It affected agricultural income among farmers. Damages on
damages were estimated to P252.334 M; P124.834 M for agriculture and properties, infrastructures and power interruptions provides disturbance in all
P127.5 M for infrastructure. economic activities in the province.
Typhoon JUAN hit the province last October 2010. Based on reports of the The Flood Prone Area map (Map No.__) which was based on the data from the
Provincial Social Welfare and Development Office (PSWDO), there were families Mines and Geo-Science Bureau shows that the barangays in the municipalities
in 16 municipalities which were affected, 3 houses were totally damaged, 19 of Bangued, La Paz, San Juan, Lagangilang, Dolores, Tayum, Bucay, Manabo,
houses were partially damaged. Damage to agriculture was reported to reach Sallapadan, Bucloc, Daguioman, Boliney, Luba, Tubo, Pilar, San Isidro, San
an estimated cost of P38.366 M and P3.898 M on damages to infrastructure. Quintin, Pidigan, Langiden and Lagayan situated along the Abra River and its
tributaries are highly susceptible to flooding. Nearby barangays are considered
Areas usually affected by floods during typhoons are areas situated along the low to moderate flooding susceptibility.
Abra River and its tributaries and these are in the municipalities of Bangued
(9 barangays), Tayum (8 barangays), Pidigan (5 barangays), San Quintin (3 Flooding is an annual recurrence of Abra River. Flooding is triggered by
barangays), Langiden (6 barangays), La Paz (10 barangays), San Juan (13 typhoons with strong winds and heavy rainfall over the whole catchment.
barangays), Lagayan (6 barangays), Dolores (6 barangays), Lagangilang Because of the high density of the rainfall, the retention of the surface and the
(10 barangays), Bucay (15 barangays), Manabo (8 barangays), Luba (5 soil is small and only part of the water flows quite fast to the smaller streams in
barangays), Tubo (7 barangays), Boliney (8 barangays), Bucloc (4 barangays), the mountain region and then to the Abra River. Normally the flood level rises in
Daguioman (4 barangays), Pilar (2 barangays), San Isidro (1 barangay) and about 6 to 10 hours to the maximum level and sinks in about 10 to 20 hours.
Sallapadan (2 barangays).
Flood Susceptibility Levels

Municipality Susceptibility Levels (Barangays)
High Moderate/ Low
Bangued Sta. Rosa, Cabuloan, Calaba, Ubbog, Palao, Lipcan Lingtan, San Antonio, Banacao, Sagap
Danac East, Danac West, Kilong olao, Daoagan, Poblacion,
Boliney
Baoyan, Dumagas
Bucloc Ducligan, Lamao, Lingey, Labaan
Dugong, Tabiog, Bangcagan, Quim-
Bucay Abang, Pagala, Salnec, Pob. North, Pob. South loong, Patoc, Layugan, Madalipay,
Paquiling, Bangbangcag, Palaquio
Daguioman Pikek, Tui, Cabaroyan Ableg
Dolores Isit, Cardona, Mudiit, Poblacion, Salucag, Bayaan
Taping, Dalaguisen, Nagtupacan, Paoa, Presentar, Aguet,
Lagangilang Poblacion, San Isidro
Balais, Lagben
Lagayan Pangot, Quiwas, Poblacion, Bai, Collago
Langiden Mabongtot, Malapaao, Quiliat, Baac Nalnas, Dalayap
San Gregorio, Poblacion, Malabbaga,
La Paz Mudeng, Bulbulala, Toon, Buli
Canan
Luba Luzong, Poblacion, Ampalioc, Gayaman, Sabnagan,
Sto.Tomas, Luzong, Ayyeng/Pob., San Ramon East, San
Manabo
Ramon West, San Juan Sur, San Juan Norte
Pidigan Pob. West, Pamutic, San Diego, Sulbec, Garreta
Pilar San Juan East, Kinabiti Brookside
San Isidro Tangbao
Abualan, Baug, Colliong, Badas, Cabcaburao, Quidaoen,
San Juan Silet, Poblacion, Lam-ag, Pattaoig, Daoidao, Sabangan,
Tagaytay
Sallapadan Ganngal, Naguilian
San Quintin Palang, Labaan Poblacion
Basbasa, Bumagcat, Bagalay, Gaddani, Deet, Poblacion,
Tayum
Patucannay, Cabaroan
Tubo Poblacion, Wayagan, Supo, Dilong, Tubtuba, Tabacda, Kili

B. Rain Induced Landslide
Based on available data from the Mines and Geo Sciences Bureau, the municipalities of Tineg, Lacub, Malibcong, Licuan-Baay, Tubo,
Luba, Boliney, Sallapadan, Bucloc, Daguioman, Langiden and Danglas are highly susceptible to rainfall induced-landslide while the
municipalities of Villaviciosa, Manabo, Lagangilang, Lagayan, San Quintin and Pidigan are moderately susceptibleW
Rain Induced Landslides Susceptibility Levels

Municipality Susceptibility Levels
High Moderate/Low
Bangued San Antonio, Sagap Palao
Amti, Baoyan, Danac East, Danac West,
Boliney Poblacion, Dao-angan, Dumagas, Kilong
Olao
Bucloc Lamao, Lingey, Ducligan, Labaan
Daguioman Ableg, Cabaroyan, Pikek, Tui
Danglas Caupasan, Nagaparan, Cabaroan, Abaquid
Langiden Malapaao, Mabungtot Poblacion
Licuan-Baay Licuan, Baay
Lul-luno, Nagbukel, Barit,
Luba Sabnagan, Poblacion, Ampalioc, Gayaman
Luzong
Bayabas, Binasaran, Buanao, Dulao,
Malibcong Duldulao, Gacab, Lat-ey, Poblacion, Mata-
ragan, Pacqued, Taripan, Umnap
Manabo Sto. Tomas
Arab, Immuli, Suyo, Garret, Sulvec, Mong-
Pidigan Yuyeng
goc
Sallapadan Maguyepyep, Naguilian Gangal
San Isidro Poblacion
San Quintin Tangadan, Villa Mercedes, Pantoc Poblacion
Tayum Patucannay
Poblacion, Alaoa, Anayan, Apao, Belaat,
Tineg Caganayan, Cogon, Lanec, Lapat-Balantay,
Naglibacan
Alangtin, Amtuagan, Dilong, Kili, Poblacion,
Tubo
Supo, Tiempo, Tubtuba, Wayagan, Tabacda
Villaviciosa Tuquib, Callao


Rainfall Induced Landslide

Soil Erosion Map

C. Soil Erosion
Erosion of soil cover in the uplands is a dominant problem of the province.

Unprotected soil or land and those without vegetation are easily washed
away by rain and floods. This consequently results to losses of agriculture
and potential agricultural lands. Steep slopes, instabilities because of
earthquakes and other natural phenomena, human and animal activities
such as overgrazing, slash-and-burn are the main causes of soil erosion.
The latter is greatly practiced in most of the upland municipalities to augment
food deficiencies or shortage. It is noted that approximately 79,105 hectares
or about 20% percent of the provincial area is greatly affected by erosion.

This event largely occurs in the municipalities of Tineg, Licuan-baay, Tubo
and Lacub. In the municipality of San Isidro, more than 72 percent of its
municipal area is greatly affected by severe erosion. Most of the severely
eroded areas have grassland vegetation and found in higher slopes.
Lateral erosion of the Abra River presents another problem for settlement
and agriculture use of the land. The effect of lateral erosion is somehow
natural in meandering and braided rivers, but it attacks riverbanks and
foundations of infrastructure measures.
Various segments of the Abra River experienced active channel migration.

Avulsions have occurred in some parts of the Abra are re-occupied. The
most active part of the Abra river system is the section from Luba up to
the San Diego Constriction. Significant channel migration from 1952 to
the present is notable in the Poblacion of Bucay, Barangay Bangbangar,
Barangay Sta Rosa and Barangay Palao, all in Bangued. Channel migration
has also been noted in some major tributaries.
Alluvial terraces immediately adjoining river channels, areas located along old
river channels or meander, areas located in the outside of a meander bend
and point bar deposits are severely affected by fluvial hazards.
Bank erosion is common in river bends particularly in San Ramon, Manabo,
Bucay, Lagangilang, Sta Rosa, Bangued to Pidigan and LaPaz affecting rich
agricultural lands. (Basler &Hofmann, 1999).

II. GEOLOGICAL FEATURES

The province of Abra is part of the physiographic province known as limestone deposit of Bucay is part of this sedimentary sequence.
the Luzon Central Cordillera. As delineated by the Bureau of Mines Northern Luzon including Abra is traversed by numerous faults. The
and Geosciences, this physiographic unit occupies the central portion most dominant of these are the splays of the Philippine Fault and a
of northern Luzon, from Benguet to Aparri (BMGS, 1982). complementary set of northeast lineaments. The splays assume a more
northerly to northeasterly strike traversing the western side of northern
The eastern highlands of Abra consist of metavolcanic and Luzon. Based on available data, the Abra Fault is one of the prominent
metasediments, with a diorite intrusive as part of the Central Cordillera splays of the Philippine Fault Zone and emerges at the southern part
Plutonic Complex. Gold, copper and silver prospects are associated of the Central Cordillera with a north-northwesterly strike. Abra Fault
with this complex. The foothills of the eastern flanks and the western traverses the Abra River longitudinally onwards into Ilocos Norte
highlands of Abra are dominated by relatively recent clastic sediments, where it joins Bangui Fault, another suspected strike-slip fault. Large
including greywacke, sandstone etc. and a limestone deposit. The earthquakes (e.g. from 1923 to 1990) are associated with these faults.
Earthquakes
For the past years, there were four (4) earthquakes occurred in the Report from SOEPD showed that of the 19 earthquakes, April 22,
province based on the report of NEIC-USGS and around 19 earthquake 1996 which occurred at 2:23 PM recorded the highest intensity
reported by SOEPD from 1979 to 2003. Earthquakes reported by with a magnitude of 5.4 depth of 18 with epicenter at Sallapadan,
NEIC_USGS occurred were September 9, 1979 earthquake occurred Abra. The lowest intensity was the earthquake occurred last January
at 12:51 with a magnitude of 4.5 and a depth of 48 meters with 4, 1999 at 12:19 PM with a magnitude of 4.5 depth of 33 meters
epicenter located in Danglas, Abra, July 30, 1985 earthquake and epicenter located at Lacub, Abra (please refer to attached table ).
occurred at 6:54 with a magnitude of 4.8 and depth of 14 meters Based on available reports, July 16-17, 1990 earthquake resulted (5)
with epicenter in Tineg. Another earthquake was that of April 15, 1999 five casualties, 78 injured, (1) one missing, 584 families affected, 104
occurred at 12:26 midnight with a magnitude of 4.9 and depth of 95 houses totally and partially damaged.
meters and epicenter located in Lagayan. The last earthquake reported
by NEIC-USGS was the July 16-17, 1990. July 16, 1990 earthquake Two (2) active fault lines are found in the province and these are the
occurred at 4:03 PM with a magnitude of 4.7 and depth of 33 meters Abra River Fault Line and the West Ilocus Fault Line. The Abra River
with epicenter at Tubo and felt again at 8:35 PM with a magnitude of Fault Line traverses the municipalities of Tineg, Lagayan, San Juan,
4.6 and depth of 33 meters in the same epicenter. July 17, 1990 Dolores, Lagangilang, Bucay, Manabo, Luba and Tubo. The West Ilocus
earthquake occurred at 5:26 PM with a magnitude of 4.6 and depth FaultLine on the other hand traverses the municipalities of San Quintin,
of 33 meters with epicenter in Tubo and a shake was again felt at 9:47 Langiden and Northwestern Bangued.
PM with a magnitude of 5.2 and depth of 33 meters with the same
epicenter.
Based on presumed scenario that, IF EVER an earthquake epicenter lies in the center of the province along the Abra River Fault Line, if it has a depth of
zero and reaches a magnitude of 7.8 which was based on the maximum intensity of the July 16, 1990 earthquake, the following may possibly happen
and experience in the province of Abra.
1. Groundshaking Scenario
Based on Groundshaking hazard map generated, about 70 percent of the total land area of the province may be affected by intensity VII and VIII while
30 percent by intensity VI. The municipalities of San Juan, Lapaz, Dolores, Lagangilang, Tayum, Bucay, Penarrubia, Bangued, Langiden, San Quintin,
Pidigan, San Isidro, Pilar, Villaviciosa, Manabo, Luba, Tubo, Boliney, Bucloc, Daguioman, Licuan-Baay and Sallapadan may experience earthquake
intensity VIII and IX, while the municipalities of Tineg, Lacub, Malibcong, Lagayan and Danglas may experience intensity VI.

Earthquake Susceptibility Levels

Susceptibility Levels (no.of barangays)
Municipalities
High Moderate
Bangued
Boliney
Bucay
Bucloc
Daguioman
Danglas
Dolores
La Paz
Lacub
Lagangilang
Lagayan
Langiden
Licuan-Baay
Luba
Malibcong
Manabo
Penarrubia
Pidigan
Pilar
Sallapadan
San Isidro
San Juan
San Quintin
Tayum
Tineg
Tubo
Villaviciosa
ABRA Source : Abra PDRRMC

2. Earthquake Induced Landslide Susceptibility Scenario
Based on Earthquake Induced-Landslide susceptibility map generated, about 10 percent of the province may fall under high susceptibility to earthquake
induced-landslide, 12 percent under moderate susceptibility and 45 percent under low susceptibility.
The municipalities of Lagayan, Danglas, Bangued, Langiden and San Quintin may be highly susceptible to earthquake induced-landslide, while the
municipalities of Licuan-Baay, Lacub, Tineg, Lagayan, Tubo, Luba, Pilar, Villaviciosa, Boliney, Bucloc, Sallapadan, Daguioman and, Malibcong may be low
and moderately susceptible.
3. Liquefaction Susceptibility Scenario
Based on Liquefaction susceptibility map generated, about 5 percent of the province may fall under high susceptibility to liquefaction, 8 percent under
moderate susceptibility and 12 percent under low susceptibility.
Some barangays in the municipalities of Lapaz, Bangued ,Pidigan, and Langiden may be highly susceptible to liquefaction while some barangays in the
municipalities of Langiden, Pidigan, Bangued, Lapaz, Danglas, Tayum, Dolores, Penarrubia, Bucay and Villaviciosa may be moderately susceptible and
some barangays in the municipalities of San Quintin, Pidigan, Bangued, Lapaz, Danglas, Tayum, Lagangilang, Dolores, Penarrubia, Bucay, Villaviciosa, San
Isidro and Manabo may be low or slightly susceptible
4. Summary
The geomorphologic characteristic and varying width channel of the Abra River and deforestation provide high potential of flooding and bank erosion in the
province. Such hazard greatly affects the municipalities situated along the Abra River and its tributaries. Likewise, the presence of a fault line located along
the Abra River put the province susceptible to earthquakes with accompanying effects of ground shaking, earthquake-induced landslides and liquefaction.
The worst scenario that might occur is a strong earthquake with epicenter located in Bangued. This scenario would greatly affect the economy of the
province, being Bangued as the center of commerce, seat of the provincial government, social services, major health facilities and education center.
Bangued is where private medium rise buildings are concentrated.
Summary of Hazards that may Potentially Occur in the Province

Municipality HAZARD CHARACTERIZATION
Hydrometeorologic Hazard Geologic Hazard
Rain Induced Flood Ground EIL Liquefaction
landslide Shaking
High Mod Low High Mod Low >6 6 7 High Mod Low High Mod Low
to to
<7 <8
Bangued x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Boliney x x x x x x
Bucay x x x x x x x x x x
Bucloc x x x x x
Daguioman x x x x x
Danglas x x x x x x x x x x x
Dolores x x x x x x x x x
La Paz x x x x x x x x x x x x
Lacub x x x x x x x
Lagangilang x x x x x x x x
Lagayan x x x x x x x x x x x
Langiden x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Licuan-Baay x x x x x x x x
Luba x x x x x x x x x x x
Malicbong x x x x x x x
Manabo x x x x x x x x x x x
Penarrubia x x x x x x x x x x x
Pidigan x x x x x x x x x x x x
Pilar x x x x x x x x x x
Sallapadan x x x x x x x x
San Isidro x x x x x x x x x x
San Juan x x x x x x x x x
San Quintin x x x x x x x x x x x
Tayum x x x x x x x x x
Tineg x x x x x x x x x x
Tubo x x x x x x x
Villaviciosa x x x x x x x x x x

CORDILLERA
RISK PROFILE B.APAYAO
Location, Land Area and Political Subdivitions
I. PROVINCIAL PROFILE
Location, land area, and political subdivisions
The Province of Apayao is one of the six provinces of the Cordillera

Administrative Region (CAR). It is located at the northwestern part of
Luzon. It is bounded on the East and North by the Province of Cagayan,
on the West by the Province of Ilocos Norte and Abra, on the South by Province of Apayao
the Province of Kalinga. The province is composed of 7 municipalities
and 134 barangays with 2 administrative barangays.
Two topographical areas characterized the province. Upper Apayao
is composed of the upland municipalities of Calanasan, Conner and
Kabugao are generally mountainous portrayed by towering peaks,
plateaus and intermittent patches of valleys. Lower Apayao on the other
hand is composed of the lowland municipalities of Luna, Pudtol, Flora
and Sta. Marcela. It is generally flat with rolling hills and plateaus. The
mountain peaks of the province ranges from 1,000 to 3,000 meters above sea level.
The mountaintop is covered thick vegetation having rugged slopes. While, Apayao has
the lowest population among CAR provinces, it also yields the largest land area that in
effect denotes the lowest population density in CAR.
The total land area of the province is 5,113.11 sq. kms. sharing almost Zone-fourth
of the Cordillera Administrative Region’s total land area. Calanasan covers the largest
area accounting for 1,692.27 sq.km. Sta. Marcela on the other hand occupies the
smallest area with only 196.32 sq. km. Present classification shows that 664.69
sq.kms. are classified as Alienable and Disposable (A&D) land. Consequently, the
remaining 87% is categorized as forest.
Administrative Map

cordillera risk profile APAYAO
Polulation and Settlements
In 2007 National Statistics Office (NSO) survey, Apayao had a total population of 103,633. The population has increased by only 0.90 percent or an equivalent
of 6,504 persons since 2000. Conner continues to have the largest population constituting 21.87 percent of the provincial population.
Calanasan’s population decreases by 3.81 percent from 2000 to 2007. This decrease in population was the result of a flawed conduct of survey by the NSO
enumerators. Sta. Marcela is the fastest growing municipality with an annual growth rate of 2.43 percent.
Land Area and Population of Municipalities

Province of Apayao
LAND AREA POPULATION %SHARE

MUNICIPALITIES NUMBER OF BRGYS.
(Sq. km) 2007 (Land Area)
Calanasan 19 1,692.27 9,663 33.10
Conner 21 914.73 22,668 17.89

Flora 16 324.40 16,016 6.34
Kabugao 21 928.96 14,529 18.17
Luna 22 655.40 16,431 12.82
Pudtol 22 401.03 12,595 7.84
Sta. Marcela 13 196.32 11,731 3.84
Source : Apayao PDRRMC
Population Size, Polulation Density, and Growth Rate
Apayao remains to hold the lowest population is expected to double by 2084

population in CAR and has the fourth and would have an increase of 8,310
lowest population among the provinces in people by the end of the planning period.
the country. It makes up only 6.81 percent Sta. Marcela has the highest population
of the regional population and 0.12 density among the municipalities with
percent of the national population. Its gross 60 persons per sq.km with its land area
population density of 20.7 is significantly of 196.32 sq.km. Flora comes second
lower than the regional average of 77.85 with a population density of 50 persons
persons per square kilometer and the per square kilometer. On the other hand,
national average 295.25 persons per Calanasan which has the biggest land area
square kilometer. Its annual average has population density of 6 persons per
growth rate of 0.90 percent is much square kilometer followed by Kabugao,
lower than the regional growth rate of 1.5 Conner, Luna and Pudtol with population
percent and the national growth rate of densities of 16, 25, 26 and 31 persons
2.04 percent. With this growth rate, the per square kilometer respectively. Population Distribution Map

Climate Map
Climate
The prevailing climate in the province falls under Corona’s Type

III classification. It is characterized by not very pronounced dry
and wet season, relatively from the months of November to April
and wet during the rest of the year. Heaviest rain occurs during
the months of July to October.
Average Growth Rate and Percentage Population Share

INCREASE /
AVE. GROWTH POPULATION
POPULATION POPULATION %SHARE DECREASE OF
MUNICIPALITIES RATE DOUBLING TIME
2007 2000 (Population) POPULATION
(2000-2007) (In years)
(2000-2007)
Calanasan 9,663 12,806 9.32 -3.81 -3.143
Conner 22,668 20,429 21.87 1.44 2,239 47.91
Flora 16,016 14,860 15.45 1.04 1,156 66.34
Kabugao 14,529 13,985 14.02 0.53 544 130.18
Luna 16,431 14,154 15.85 2.08 2,277 33.17
Pudtol 12,595 11,039 12.15 1.83 1,556 37.70
Sta. Marcela 11,731 9,856 11.32 2.43 1,185 28.39
APAYAO 103,633 97,129 100 90 6,504 77.66
Source : NSO, PPDO
Topography and Slope
The province characterized mostly found in Lower Apayao, low

by two distinct topographies: lying areas with 0-3 elevations is
Upper Apayao is mountainous notable to municipalities of Luna
characterized by towering peaks, and Sta. Marcela that experience Elevation Map
plateaus and intermittent patches periodic flooding during rainy
of valleys. Lower Apayao on the season.
other hand is generally flat with Among all municipalities, Sta.
rolling hills and plateaus. The Marcela, Flora and Luna are
elevation of the province ranges basically flat areas with most of
from 70 to 1,644 meters above their land below 500 meters. On
sea level. Mount Sulo the highest the other hand, Calanasan and
registered mountain peak of Kabugao has most of its area
Apayao has an elevation of 1,503 above 500 meters together with
meters. Low elevations areas are Conner.

Fifty-eight percent of the province have elevations less than 500 meters while 26
percent fall between 500 to 800 meters. Only 7 percent of the land is above 1000
meters.
Almost 26 percent of the province’s land area is below 8 percent in slope. These
areas are suitable areas for irrigated rice, fresh water fishponds and cultivated annual
crops. On the other hand, 55.81 percent of the land is above 18 percent in slope
which is considered steep and must be included among the protection areas. The
remaining areas are suitable for perennial trees, vine crops and pasture lands.
Among the seven (7) municipalities, Sta. Marcela has all of its land with less than 8
percent in slope followed by Flora with 20,277 hectares or 62 percent of its land
with slopes 8 percent and below. The steep slopes are found in Calanasan with 43
percent of its area having slopes greater than 45 percent which makes this area
susceptible to landslide
Slope Percentage Map
Classification of Municipal Land by Slope Area (in Hectares)
Slope Class Calanasan Luna Pudtol Kabugao Conner Flora Sta. Marcela
0-8% 9,221 17,534 14,585 14,612 13,491 20,227 6,928

9-18% 10,303 6,080 5,255 15,643 14,061 5,930
19-30% 15,674 5,902 5,856 16,455 14,117 3,269
31-45% 21,485 5,500 4,877 17,060 14,479 1,941
Greater than
43,409 6,232 5,857 22,393 15,418 1,275
45%
Elevation
The elevation of the Province ranges from 70 meters above sea level to a maximum of 1,644 meters above mean sea level. The dominant elevation is above
500 meters above sea level which shares almost 76 percent. These are lands located in steep slopes with an elevation between 500masl to 1500masl
Composition of Municipal Lands by Elevation Class Area (in Hectares)
Elevation Class Calanasan Luna Pudtol Kabugao Conner Flora Sta. Marcela
Below 500m 31,588 36,400 30,758 47,218 38,497 27,050 6,928

501-800m 33,181 18,202 1,737 31,545 2,770 8,733
801-1000m 18,518 7,923 148 5,855 30 609
1001-1500m 16,431 8,180 1,613 61
1501-2000m 640 891

Geologic Features
Apayao has a complex lithology and structure. The area is generally composed of both
sedimentary and igneous volcanic formation. Sedimentary formation are usually found
in low elevation area while igneous volcanic formation and diorite intrusion in Upper
Apayao draws the area diastrophism like faulting, folding and other geologic processes
that uplifted the whole area. Based on the report of investigation of the Mines and Geo-
sciences Bureau (MGB) there are two lithologic units that can be found in the Kabugao
and Calanasan area. These are diorite complex, limestone and meta-volcanics.
The oldest rocks in the province are the Cretaceous Paleogene, which is composed
of undifferentiated volcanic flows with locally intercalated sedimentary rocks. Bordering
those rocks are folded Neogene sedimentary rocks.
Synorogenic batholithic of diorite elongated along north-south trends dominate the

core of the province. These plutons discordantly include Middle Miocene and older rock
sequences and are responsible for some copper, gold and iron metalization.
In terms of geologic structures, numerous faults and folds characterize the
geomorphologic evolution of the area. Probable major fault lines exist mostly towards
the northeast direction. These structures are among the major branches or splays of
Geologic Map
the Philippine fault zones.
Built-up Areas
Based on NAMRIA 2003 land cover map only 1.48 percent 5,465.7 hectares of the total land area of the province were classified as built up areas.
The built up areas are concentrated in Lower Apayao, particularly in the eastern part of Luna, Pudtol and Flora and throughout Sta. Marcela. Amongst the
municipalities, almost 36 percent of the settlements are in Flora with 1,975.78 hectares. Pudtol, Sta. Marcela and Luna have almost the same size of built
up areas ranging from 700 to almost 900 hectares. Calanasan has the least built up area with only 73.44 hectares.
Fortunately, most of the built up areas falls either to low and moderately susceptible to landslide. Most of the settlement areas fall within 0-8% elevation.
Land Use and Land Use Trends
Half of Apayao’s land area is still covered with forest with an estimated 277,142 hectares. Brushland and grassland combined make up almost 50 percent
of the land. Agriculture makes up only 6.42 percent of the land and built up areas take up only 1.48 percent of the land. The built-up areas are expected
to expand because of the increase of population and accommodate such. Agricultural areas are at risk to being converted to settlements as most of the
settlements are already within the agricultural areas.
Land Use / Land Cover Area Percentage Share

Agriculture 33,022.66 6.46
Built Up 7,583.53 1.48
Forest 277,142.26 54.20
Grassland/Shrubland/Brushland 191,119.85 37.38
Others 126.52 0.03
Water 2316.18 0.45
TOTAL 511,311 100
Source: computed on a map based on a satellite image of 2003 Source : Apayao PDRRMC

Potential Expansion of Built Up Areas
As population increases, changes in land use are inevitable. However, this can also lead to pressures for protection or production lands to be converted.
Forestlands may be cleared to increase agricultural areas and agricultural areas may give way to settlements.
To address the problem, a carefully laid out land use framework that defines areas for settlement, production and protection needs to be established and
stringently followed. This will avoid conflicts on land use and will identify the best use for the land.
Settlements Framework
In the hierarchy of centers by year 2016, the municipality of

Luna will eventually become medium town due to its role as
government center in the province and playing a major role in
agricultural development because of its vast agricultural land.
The municipalities of Flora, Kabugao, and Pudtol will remain its
classification as small town. On the other hand, the municipality
of Sta. Marcela will become small town attributing to its role as
major agricultural center and due to the presence of essential
facilities for agricultural development. The municipalities of
Calanasan and Conner will remain in village classification.
For the urban population by year 2016, Luna will experience
rapid increase of urban population. Existing urban settlements
in the municipalities of Calanasan, Conner, Kabugao, and Pudtol
is expected to still accommodate their projected urban growth.
The Settlement Suitability Map portrays a vivid illustration of the
settlement pattern of the province in the next six (6) years. The
Municipality of Luna and the three (3) nearby municipalities of
Flora, Pudtol and Sta. Marcela all in Lower Apayao are classified
from moderately suitable to very highly suitable for settlement
expansions. With this given scenario, population pressures and
cumulative impacts of settlement improvement are expected to
occur on these areas posing ecological risks. Meanwhile, for the
Municipality of Calanasan, Kabugao and Conner households
are expected to converge along the primary national trunklines
and town centers. Suitable sites for settlement are found in
areas with 0 – 8 percent elevation and traverses by either
provincial or national road. Conversion of agricultural lands
to settlement areas is eminent to accommodate the growing
population notwithstanding the physical components of the
natural environment, which are potentially at risk of being
adversely affected by development (e.g., by waste streams of
households and industrial facilities and households).
The Spatial Multi-Criteria Evaluation process includes the
sectoral criteria as a guide in identifying urban centers
settlement expansion sites.

Major Rivers and its Tributaries
The Apayao river is the biggest body of water in the province. It traverses six (6) municipalities in the province. Other important rivers in the province
include the Matalag river in Conner, Maton and Nagan rivers in Pudtol and the Zumigue – Ziwanan river of Calanasan. These rivers are the primary
sources of irrigation water across the seven (7) municipalities of Apayao as well as the adjacent province of Cagayan. Currently, there are two irrigation
dams directly traversed by the Apayao river. These dams are the primary source of irrigation for most part of Lower Apayao and Northern Cagayan.
Apayao River Tributaries
Name of River Classification Headwater Source Functions

Awan river Perennial Secondary Calanasan, Apayao Irrigation
Ayayao river Perennial Secondary Calanasan, Apayao Irrigation
Baliwanan river Perennial Secondary Kabugao, Apayao Irrigation, Fish Habitat
Binuan river Perennial Secondary Lenneng, Kabugao, Apayao Irrigation, Domestic Fish Habitat
Dumayong river Perennial Secondary Luna, Apayao Fish habitat
Dagara river Perennial Secondary Dagara, Kabugao, Apayao Fish habitat, Irrigation
Karagawan river Perennial Secondary Kabugao, Apayao Irrigation
Laco river Perennial Secondary Laco, Kabugao, Apayao Fish habitat, Irrigation
Langnao river Perennial Secondary Langnao, Calanasan, Apayao Fish habitat, Irrigation
Malabanig river Perennial Secondary Kabugao, Apayao Fish habitat, Irrigation
Maton river Perennial Secondary Upper Maton, Pudtol, Apayao Fish habitat, Irrigation
Nagan river Perennial Secondary Pudtol, Apayao Fish habitat, Irrigation
Naguillan river Perennial Secondary Naguillian, Calanasan, Apayao Fish habitat, Irrigation,
Sicapo river Perennial Secondary Musimut, Kabugao, Apayao mini-hydro
Tawit river Perennial Secondary Paco Valley, Kabugao, Apayao Fish habitat, Irrigation
Tagbayan river Perennial Secondary Calanasan, Apayao Fish habitat, Irrigation
Tumog river Perennial Secondary Tumog, Luna, Apayao Fish habitat, Irrigation
Malunog river Perennial Secondary Luna, Apayao Irrigation
Source: Apayao Watershed Management Plan
River Classification
Based on the Apayao – Abulug Watershed Management Plan, the Apayao river falls under Class C river category by the Environmental Management
Bureau (EMB) – CAR. Among the 18 tributaries of the Apayao river only Nagan river at Pudtol was classified as “AA”. Nagan River was also declared
as the cleanest inland body of water in the Cordillera.
Apayao - Abulug Watershed Area
The Apayao – Abulug is geographically located between 17º48’00” to 18º31’00” North Latitude and 120º50’00” to 12º31’00 East Longitude. The
Apayao - Abulug Watershed Area include all the seven (7) municipalities of Apayao with an estimated aggregate area of 2,338.17 sq.km. About 65
percent of Apayao’s area is part of the catchment basin of the Apayao – Abulug watershed. The 180 kilometer long Apayao river is the largest body
of water in the Apayao – Abulug watershed area and it is being joined by at least 18 perennial secondary rivers that meanders its way to Abulug,
Cagayan and ultimately drained at the Babuyan Channel. Calanasan is the headwater of the Apayao – Abulug watershed area.

Watershed Sustainability Concerns The current topographical setting of the province posed a rising concern on the fast declining
land cover which is brought about by the rapid denudation of the forest covers along the Apayao
– Abulug watershed area. Currently, Low-lying parts of the province specifically on areas with an
elevation of less than 8% periodically experienced flooding during occurrence of heavy rainfall.
Among the major constraints include the following:
A. Apayao River Tributaries
The unregulated conversion of forest into agricultural or settlement areas was compounded by the
increasing demand for housing and commercial space. The inability of prime agricultural lands to
supply enough food, housing and fuel needs of increasing migrants leads to opening of new areas
for agricultural production within forest zones.
The haphazard conversion and cultivation of the forestlands and denudation of the forest cover
have resulted to the perennial problem of flooding in both upper and lower Apayao during rainy
season. Its adverse effects include the severe siltation of the Apayao river and loss of soil fertility in
the hinterlands due to soil erosion and landslides. In addition, some springs has become intermittent
(no water flowing during dry season) because of the destruction of their watersheds.
B. Unregulated Timber Poaching
Massive timber poaching also contributes to declining forest cover along watershed areas.
This practice has been a major factor in the rapid destruction of forest covers especially along
Apayao river. Floods and landslides have been widely blamed on the rampant illegal logging
in the province.
C. Rampant Practice of “Kaingin” System

The untenable traditional farming system in the upland areas of the province is a major
contributory to the destruction of the watershed areas in the province. Slash-and-burn
farming is commonly known to local folk as kaingin, where farmers usually cut all kinds of
trees and burn the area to clear it and plant vegetables and other crops. The farmers would
usually transfer to another place and engage in another kaingin farming after harvesting their
crops, thus leaving the forest denuded.
D. Untenured Forest Land

The issuance of tenurial instruments are important forestland management mechanisms given
to either individuals, communities or private groups and corporations in order to ensure the
protection and maintenance of public forestlands. This is based on the premise that effective
on-site management can only happen if an area is officially allocated by the government
to responsible stakeholders who in turn can be motivated to invest long term sustainable
interventions when they have security of tenure of the land they managed. Large portions of
Apayao’s land area that are supposedly classified as forestlands are cultivated and unsuitably
used. This situation can be attributed to the improper settling and farming practices of the
people in the hinterlands. There are uncontrolled and unmonitored conversions of classified
forestlands through slash and burn practices, then cultivation by the people in all parts of the
upland barangays to subsistence crops like corn and rice that are easily eroded and washed
out during the rainy season. Such practices create the conditions for the significant loss of
soil cover and the regular occurrence of landslides, siltation and flashfloods in some parts of
the province.

II. HYDROMETEOROLOGIC
HAZARDS
Most parts of the Municipalities of Lower Apayao (Flora, Luna,
Pudtol and Sta. Marcela) serves as the catchment basin of all
surface water in the area, thereby inducing the susceptibility
of this region to periodic flooding, this phenomena was being
compounded by heavy siltation along Apayao river that causes
inundation of built up areas near the Apayao river. Another
aggravating factor that induce flooding in the area is the recurring
change of Apayao river course that partly traverses five (5)
barangay settlements in the municipality of Sta. Marcela. Aside
from the damage to properties of the populace, destruction of
public infrastructure like destruction of slope protection, roadbed
ponding and bridge approach scouring were among the massive
damages incurred during flooding.
The Municipality of Luna being the seat of the Provincial
Government Center is not spared with periodic flooding. Of the 22
barangays of Luna 19 barangays were plotted to be susceptible
to flooding, the eastern portion of the municipality of Flora is
also noted to be susceptible to flooding this is mainly due to its
proximity to Allig plains.
The Flood susceptibility map presented on Figure 14, delineation
of flood prone areas were based on recorded events and
geomorphological features of the province. Magenta colored
patches on the maps represent the frequently inundated areas,
these are areas mostly within the 0-3% slope.
A. Rain Induced Flooding
Most parts of the Municipalities of Lower Apayao (Flora, Luna, Pudtol and Sta.
Marcela) serves as the catchment basin of all surface water in the area, thereby
inducing the susceptibility of this region to periodic flooding, this phenomena was
being compounded by heavy siltation along Apayao river that causes inundation of
built up areas near the Apayao river. Another aggravating factor that induce flooding
in the area is the recurring change of Apayao river course that partly traverses five (5)
barangay settlements in the municipality of Sta. Marcela. Aside from the damage to
properties of the populace, destruction of public infrastructure like destruction of slope
protection, roadbed ponding and bridge approach scouring were among the massive
damages incurred during flooding.
The Municipality of Luna being the seat of the Provincial Government Center is not
spared with periodic flooding. Of the 22 barangays of Luna 19 barangays were plotted
to be susceptible to flooding, the eastern portion of the municipality of Flora is also
noted to be susceptible to flooding this is mainly due to its proximity to Allig plains.
The Flood susceptibility map presented on Figure 14, delineation of flood prone
areas were based on recorded events and geomorphological features of the province.
Magenta colored patches on the maps represent the frequently inundated areas, these
are areas mostly within the 0-3% slope.

B. Flood Prone Areas and Contributory Factors to Flooding
Flooding is eminent during rainy season or during the month of July to October to low lying areas within the province. This natural hazard causes inundation
to croplands aggravating severe damages to crops and properties. Over the years fatalities due to flooding is highly noted especially along the Apayao
river and its tributaries.
Barangays Highly and Moderately Susceptible to Flooding
Barangays Susceptible to Flooding

Municipalities
Highly Susceptible Low to Moderate
Sta. Filomena, Don Roque Ablan, Sabangan, Ninoy Aquino, Kabugawan, Macalino, Butao, Tanglagan, Eva Garden, Bucarot, Butao,
Calanasan Langnao, Macalino, Sta. Filomena, Sta. Elena,
Namaltugan Poblacion, Naguilian
Karikitan, Ili, Paddaoan, Malama, Guinaang,

Conner Malama, Guinamgamman, Ripang, Caglayan, Cupis, Calafug, Mabiga Calafug, Manag, Talifugo
Lower Atok, Pob. West, Bagutong, Allig, Malubibit Sur, Malubibit Norte, Tamalunog, Anninipan,
Flora
Sta. Maria, Balluyan, Upper Atok, San Jose, Malayugan
Laco, Nagbabalayan, Magabta, Bulu, Badduat, Luttuacan, Musimut, Dagara, Lucab,

Kabugao
Poblacion, Madatag, Dibagat, Tuyangan, Waga
Cagandungan, Bucao, Salvacion, Calabigan, Zumigui, Luyon, San Isidro Norte, Turod,
Luna Lappa, Poblacion, Dagupan, Shalom, Bacsay, San Gregorio, San Jose, San Sebastian, San
Francisco, Sta. Lina, Tumog, Quirino, San Isidro Sur, Capagaypayan
Doña Loreta, Cabatacan, Amado, Poblacion, Swan, San Mariano, Alem, San Antonio, Imelda,
Pudtol
Capannikkian, Aga, Mataguisi, Lower Maton, Cacalaggan, Lt. Balag, Malibang
Consuelo, Marcela, San Juan, Sipa, Imelda, Panay, Nueva, San Mariano, San Antonio,
Sta. Marcela
Emiliana, Malekkeg, Barocboc, San Carlos
Level of Susceptibility of Municipalities to Flood
SUSCEPTIBILITY LEVEL No. of Susceptible No. of Susceptible

Municipalities (Areas in Sq.Km.) Brgys. Population
High Low to Moderate

CALANASAN 10.79 0.56 9 109
CONNER 3.07 14.21 19 2201
FLORA 37.51 12 4130
KABUGAO 20.10 14 1046
LUNA 59.95 22 18683
PUDTOL 52.96 17 8632
STA. MARCELA 44.57 13 2889
228.95 14.77 106 37688

The previous occurrences of flood hazards were confirmed on the GIS generated Rain Induced Flood Susceptibility (RIFS) Map prepared for this purpose.
The flood hazard in the province is aggravated by a confluence of anthropogenic and natural phenomenon. Among these factors observed were the
following:
a. Slash and burn (kaingin) farming is very rampant in the upstream of most of the major bodies of water.
b. Timber poaching is also observed on most of the municipalities of Lower Apayao;
c. Small-scale mining activities were also noted as contributory factor on the Municipalities of Conner and Kabugao in
upper Apayao.
C. Rain Induced Landslide
With the standards and criteria given by the

MGB in the classification of susceptibility to rain
induced landslides almost 70% of the land area
of the province falls to highly susceptible areas.
Owing to their steep slopes most parts of the
municipalities of Calanasan, Conner and Kabugao
were classified under highly to moderately
susceptible areas. Based on records, rain
induced landslides were being experienced to the
municipalities of Calanasan, Conner and Kabugao
during rainy season. Rain induced landslide are
visible along disturbed slopes directly traversed
by the national road network.
Continuous heavy rains over hilly or mountainous
areas, especially denuded ones usually result to
landslides or mudflows in the province.
Susceptibility Level of Barangays to Rain Induced Landslide
No. of
SUSCEPTIBILITY LEVEL No. of Susceptible
Municipalities Susceptible
(Areas in Sq.Km) Brgys.
Population
High Moderate Low

CALANASAN 773.30 179.40 19.31 16 6,382
CONNER 395.18 123.82 99.14 18 9,786
FLORA 67.80 114.96 118.20 5 1,196
KABUGAO 541.29 209.50 102.59 19 4,265
LUNA 161.89 129.83 56.58 17 1,246
PUDTOL 105.04 172.03 66.04 16 1,864
STA. MARCELA 2.60 4 2,134
2,044.04 929.54 464.12 95 26.873

D. Tropical Cyclones
The Province of Apayao being on the part of Northern

Luzon is exposed to both natural and man-made hazards,
over the years Apayao is frequently hit by tropical cyclones.
This natural phenomenon becomes a triggering factor as
it can induce landslides in the mountainous area of upper
Apayao and flashfloods to lower Apayao area. From 2002 -
2009 the province has been in the forefront of devastation
from tropical cyclones. Tropical cyclone rate of occurrence
is relatively high compared in the recent (2009-2012)
years. This phenomenon is compounded by heavy rainfall
that storm runoff permeates within the sub-soil to trigger
land subsidence which proves to be catastrophic to flood
prone areas. Hydrometeorological hazards have the most
significant economic damage to the province such as rain-
induced landslide caused by successive typhoons. It is
also highly susceptible to floods making it one of the most
The grid boxes indicate the total
vulnerable province in the Region. Data results show that
number of tropical cyclones passing
disaster susceptibility was brought about by denudation through each 1°x1° lat/long grid
and intensive land use activities. A direct human impact over the period 1948 - 2005
contributed to the condition such as inappropriate farming
practices, road construction and other massive equipment Data is obtained from the best
supported earthwork activities, particularly in steeply sloping track data of the Weather Branch of
areas leading to the siltation of major bodies of waters. This PAGASA
events revealed the need to revisit the design and location of
public facilities and utilities such as flood control structures,
roads, bridges and other facilities. This also underscores
reassessment of the local government units land use plans
particularly to landslide prone municipalities and other hazard
prone areas in the province. Further, proactive measure on
disaster preparedness should be intensified to mitigate the
adverse impact of hydrometeorological hazards and other
similar disasters in the future.
Tropical cyclone which crossed the Province of Apayao 50 Km from boundaries

(1948-2009)
Jan. Feb. Mar. April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. TOTAL TD TS TY STY
1 0 0 1 1 0 9 17 10 12 6 1 58 10 16 32
The climate of the province is tropical and is strongly affected by monsoon (rain-bearing) winds, which blow from the southwest from approximately May
to October and from the northeast from November to February. From June to December, an average of twenty typhoons hits the country accompanied by
strong winds, intense rainfall and flooding. Five to seven of which are expected to be destructive.

Most storms come from the southeast, with their frequency generally increasing from south to north. Lower Apayao portion has significantly higher risk on
crop damages than the western part of the province which compose the municipalities of Upper Apayao.
TROPICAL CYCLONES IN THE PROVINCE

2008 – 2012
Name Date Number Number No. of No. of Cost of Cost of

of Tropical of of Affected of Injuries/ Affected Damaged Damaged to Damaged
Depressions Occurrence Muns. Casualties Families Houses Infra to Agric’l.
TC “Paeng” Oct. 26-28, 2006 7 2,870 704 156,530,000 89,000,000
TC “Helen” July 15-17, 2008 4 No Reported Damages
TC “Cosme” May 16-17, 2008 4 No Reported Damages
TC “Ëmong” May 6-9, 2009 No Reported Damages
TC “Kiko” August 6-8, 2009 7 No Reported Damages
TC “Ondoy” Sept. 26-28, 2009 1 1 4
TC “Pepeng” Oct. 3-8, 2009 7 2 14,978 3,121 372,240,000 166,262,000
TC “Juan” Oct. 16-17, 2010 7 2 9,672 1,281 14,000,000 71,616,539
TC “Chedeng” May 24-25, 2011 4 No Reported Damages
TC “Egay” June 17-18, 2011 4 No Reported Damages
TC “Hanna” July 15-16, 2011 3 No Reported Damages
TC “Ineng” July 18, 2011 1 1 1 21,498,530 256,000
TC “Kabayan” July 31, 2011 2 84 84 36,560,000 28,980,000
TC “Mina” Aug. 25-27, 2011 7 2 3,735 300 189,563,000 312,000,000
TC “Pedring” Sept. 27, 2011 7 1,952 5 12,520,000 36,200,000
TC “Quiel” Oct. 1, 2011 4 338 6 5,550,000 2,356,000
TC “Igme” Aug. 18-20, 2012 4 No Reported Damages
TC “Julian” Aug. 24-25, 2012 2 5 9 5,000,000 2,000,000
TC “Karen” Sept. 13-15, 2012 1 4,202 304 8,900,000 90,956,000
TC “Nina” Oct. 9-12, 2012 5 329 51 20,300,000 12,000,000

E. Assessment of Damages
The Philippines being located in the typhoon belt and within the western
segment of the Pacific Ocean Ring of Fire is exposed to natural hazards
such as tropical cyclones, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides,
tsunamis and flooding. Given these situation the Philippines has been
incurring significant economic damages from natural disasters. The
Province of Apayao was not spared from these phenomena, the
unprecedented onslaught of tropical cyclones to the province from
2008 - 2012 has put a tremendous dent on the economic growth and
fundamentally stalling the development gains that the province achieved
for the past nine (9) years.
Limited wherewithal allotted for pursuing planned development

interventions are instead realigned to disaster response as well as
reconstruction and rehabilitation endeavors.
Tropical cyclones has brought immense devastations to lives and
properties, mostly affected are poor farmers composed majority of
our populace that falls below poverty threshold level. This catastrophic
incident further pushes affected families down to depressions and
poverty as it comes to the least favorable time as major crops i.e. palay
and corn are ready for harvest. Rice, corn and vegetable farms were
inundated brought about by torrential rains and intermittently complicated
by gusty winds that lasted for an average of 5 days. Rise in water level
of the Apayao river exceeds its total capacity forcing the excess runoff
to discharge at the settlement centers and farmlands which are usually
located at floodplains and gentle slopes.
closed due to massive soil erosion and roadbed scouring, critical bridges
An estimated 162,966.67 MT production lost of palay was tallied as are also washed out practically isolating communities to growth centers.
aftermath of the past tropical cyclones. This loss is spread out across Internal circulation amongst municipalities was temporarily inaccessible
the 1,191 hectares of palay in the entire province. The financial value due to massive storm runoff, heavily scoured roadbed and damaged
of the total damages to crops is estimated at Php 811,626,539.00 cross drains. Numerous social infrastructure facilities that serves as
this does not includes indirect loss imputed for agriculture damages. evacuation centers were not spared by super typhoons dilapidated
While infrastructure damages i.e. road and bridges is estimated to peg public school buildings and health facilities were shattered adding more
at 842,661,530.00. complex to government facilities deficiency.
Livestock farms are likewise shattered in the occurrence of typhoons, At present extent of damages from 2006 - 2012 across sector is
leaving incalculable loss to farm owners. To make matter worse, low calculated to reach at Php 1,050,658,232.00 with damaged to crops
lying areas were virtually submerged forcing the residents within the and infrastructure component that includes farm to market roads as
flood prone area to evacuate within the designated relocation sites. having the highest in percentage share.
Houses made up of light materials were reduced into rubbles leaving Hazard impacts are not recorded systematically in a database, nor are
several families temporarily homeless. Relief operations are hampered losses associated with those disasters recorded at the provincial and
and slowed down in the upper municipalities (Calanasan, Conner and municipal level. However, A summary of natural hazards from 2006
Kabugao) due to road cuts brought by massive landslides, airlifting of to 20012 with specific aggregated information on casualties, affected
relief goods to these Municipalities were carried out just to provide on population, houses damaged and value of damage were provided to
time relief on severely affected communities. Major growth nodes are simply illustrate the extent of natural hazards in the province.

F. Vulnerable Infrastructures to Natural Hazards
a) National Roads and Bridges

The major and secondary trunk lines were severely affected by the occurrence of natural hazards, during strong typhoons most of the national trunklines are
temporarily close due to series of alternating landslides and road cuts along steep slopes. Sinking road sections brought about by liquefaction and lateral
spreading forced the Portland Cement Concrete Pavement to rest on soft and water saturated layers of the ground. Retaining wall for erosion prone areas
was deeply scoured causing the rainstorm silted at the road slopes.
This would entail massive earth moving for eroded soil debris on these sections to establish immediate accessibility. An estimated cost of Php353,785,000.00
is needed for the restoration and rehabilitation of these growth nodes.
b) Provincial Roads and Bridges

The sudden surge of water that practically submerged the Ayaga – Balluyan Provincial Road has caused severe roadbed scouring, massive flooding that
set off the emergence of deep potholes along critical sections of the provincial road. Normal traffic flow was disrupted causing temporary road closure
and re-routing along Malekkeg – Ayaga Section. Road surface was covered with mudflow debris, cross drains i.e. reinforce concrete pipes (RCP) and
culverts are clogged causing the storm runoff to overflow and settle at the roadbeds. Normally it would take a day to restore the normal road condition of
the Ayaga – Balluyan Provincial Road.
c) Farm to Market Roads

Farm to Market Road is one of the most critical agri-support facility in the economic development of the province. Various farm to market roads (FMR) and
bridges across the province has earned a tremendous devastation isolating farm lands to secondary and primary roads. All weather farm to market roads
are being submerge while roadbed gravel are washed away leaving a perforated road beds. Crops spared from the effects of typhoon were hauled manually
to growth and commercial centers adding additional input cost to agriculture sector.
G. Extreme Rainfall Due to Climate Variability
Rainfall
During the observation period (1951-2010) Apayao registered 156.2mm annual average rainfall. The month of August registered the heaviest rainfall
during the year posting an average of 321mm rainfall, while the month of March is the leanest with an average of 20.5mm rainfall
ANNUAL MEAN RAINFALL OBSERVE PERIOD

1951 - 2010
AVERAGE MONTHLY RAINFALL (1951 - 2010)
Municipalities
JAN. FEB. MAR. APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC.
Calanasan 37.61 17.98 15.31 24.79 140.12 216.11 307.11 385.53 314.33 222.91 134.35 64.67
Conner 23.97 10.96 12.83 30.63 152.32 196.36 288.31 349.93 286.74 260.89 165.13 75.78
Flora 61.03 29.58 24.51 29.29 127.42 166.35 229.88 279.43 269.68 300.65 234.65 120.91
Kabugao 35.12 16.44 14.98 26.73 144.06 200.99 289.55 355.73 299.29 251.86 163.36 77.39
Luna 59.49 29.27 23.50 27.14 125.82 187.37 257.13 315.57 286.24 263.50 193.86 101.07
Pudtol 55.97 26.98 22.19 27.76 129.70 178.47 248.70 304.61 281.17 280.91 210.03 106.99
Sta. Marcela 76.89 38.06 29.86 29.25 119.52 159.50 214.42 256.12 265.26 311.79 257.93 138.22
AAMR 50.01 24.18 20.45 27.94 134.13 186.45 262.16 320.99 286.10 270.36 194.19 97.86

AVERAGE MONTHLY RAINFALL (mm )
The figure on the left shows

that Apayao experiences
heavy rains during the
month of July to October,
while the months of
February to April are the
leanest months in terms of
rainfall.
PROJECTED CHANGE IN RAINFALL BY 2020 & 2050
The figure on the projected change in rainfall

on the right indicates that by 2020 there will be
moderate increase in the amount of rainfall for the
later part of the year, conversely, a steep decline
in the amount of rainfall will be felt by 2050.
Given the observation period of 1951 – 2010, the months of December, January and February are the coolest months of the year with an average monthly
temperature of 24.80°C, 24.28°C and 25.01°C respectively, while the months of May, June and July registered to be the warmest months of the year in the
given observed period. The Average temperature for the whole year was observed to be at 27.06°C.
The month of January is observed to be the coolest month in the province with an average temperature of 24.27 °C, on the other hand, the month of May
proves to be the warmest month of the year with 28.98°C.

PAG-ASA data shows that the province observed annual average temperature is registered at 27.06°C for the entire province. As an effect of climate variability
in Apayao a modest increase in temperature at .84°C is expected by 2020 while 1.94 °C in temperature will be felt by 2050.
PROJECTED CHANGE IN TEMP. FOR 2020 & 2050
source: Apayao DRRM
CHANGE IN TEMP. FOR THE OBSERVATION PERIOD, 2020 & 2050
MONTHLY AVERAGE CHANGE OF TEMPERATURE BY MUNICIPALITY

OBSERVED PERIOD 1951 - 2010
MONTHLY CHANGE IN TEMPERATURE
Municipalities
JAN. FEB. MAR. APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC.
Calanasan 24.62 25.28 26.71 28.39 29.03 28.84 28.40 28.06 27.86 27.49 26.57 25.28
Conner 23.96 24.80 26.52 28.32 28.94 28.75 28.14 27.85 27.54 26.88 25.75 24.36
Flora 24.13 24.90 26.49 28.25 29.00 29.07 28.61 28.30 27.95 27.21 26.06 24.59
Kabugao 24.25 25.00 26.58 28.33 28.97 28.84 28.33 28.01 27.73 27.19 26.14 24.78
Luna 24.53 25.19 26.61 28.26 28.99 28.95 28.55 28.24 27.98 27.44 26.47 25.12
Pudtol 24.26 25.00 26.54 28.27 28.99 29.00 28.55 28.24 27.93 27.28 26.20 24.78
Sta. Marcela 24.19 24.90 26.40 28.11 28.90 29.06 28.68 28.37 28.03 27.28 26.17 24.69

III. GEOLOGIC HAZARDS
Based on the PHIVOLCS Fault Map the Bangui Fault

System slices the provinces in a north – south direction
traversing at least four (4) municipalities in the province,
namely: Calanasan, Conner, Kabugao and a portion of
the Municipality of Flora. It is worthy to note that only
the Barangays of Mallig and Malayugan which lies on
the most eastern part of Flora is bisected by the Bagui
Fault System. The Bangui Faultline emanated within its
Tanglagan and Naguilian splays in the northern part of
Calanasan meandering through the southernmost part of
Barangay Sacpil in the Municipality of Conner. A total of
13 barangays were directly crossed by the intermittent
Bangui Fault System covering at least 3 municipalities.
On the other hand, the municipality of Calanasan is
partially reached by a segment of the West Ilocos Fault
System. The West Ilocos Fault System exudes from the
boundary of the Province of Ilocos Norte outreaching
the Municipality of Calanasan specifically on Barangay
Kabugawan and Ninoy Aquino and ultimately disjointed at
the Bangui Fault System along Tanglagan – Kabugawan
splays.

A. Possible Mercury Contamination of
Water Bodies Along Conner and Kabugao
Based on the result of the toxicity level survey conducted by the EMB-CAR on the major bodies of water
IV. OTHER HAZARDS specifically on Nabuangan River of Conner and Karagawan and Binuan River of Kabugao, it was found
out that of the five sample test performed all results exceeded the permissible level of .002mg/L.
Small scale miners of Kabugao and Conner used mercury as the main agent to separate gold from the
mined ore employing the amalgamation method of processing. Mercury was used extensively for the
amalgamation method of gold processing by small scale miners. Amalgamation is popular in small-scale
mining areas since it is simple to apply and requires relatively low investment.
First, the ore coming from the mine is crushed manually, usually by sledgehammers, to loosen it up
before the broken parts are classified into different particle sizes. Then the particles are fed into a facility
for grinding ore called rod mill or ball mill. Lime and water is added to the ore and grinding commences.
After several hours, the mill is turned off and mercury is mixed with the fine ore. Then, the mill is turned
on again for a few more hours to make the gold element attach itself to the mercury. Afterwards, the
milled ore is placed in a large basin and the heavy metal alloy is allowed to settle down. Water is again
added to the milled ore to remove the slurry, leaving behind the amalgam or the mercury loaded with
gold. This separation of the amalgam from the slurry results to the production of mine tailings.
The widespread use of mercury in processing gold ore is highly environmentally sensitive because of the
locations of mining sites. Some of these are barangays located at the upper part of the Nabuangan River
in Conner and Binuan River of Kabugao. These rivers ultimately drained off at the Apayao river which is
one of the most important major body of water in the province.
B. The Health Impact of Mercury Pollution
There are different ways by which the amalgamation method of gold processing causes mercury
pollution. One way is when mercury is unintentionally spilled into the ground because of careless
handling. Another is when mercury is discharged together with other wastes into inadequate tailings
ponds, or worse, thrown away directly into rivers and waterways. Still another way is when vaporized
mercury is released into the atmosphere when the amalgam is blowtorched and refined.
Once in the environment, mercury is dangerous because of its potential adverse impact on human
health. In the case of water pollution, part of the mercury discharged into rivers and waterways is
transformed into methyl mercury eaten by aquatic species and in turn consumed by people. Once
inside the human body, mercury could trigger neurological disturbances as well as problems in the
reproductive and other body organs. The likely symptoms are visual constriction, numbness of the
extremities and the impairment of hearing, speech and gait.
The release of mercury into the atmosphere during blowtorching also puts to risk human health. The
activity is usually done in open containers and closed houses so the inhalation of vaporized mercury is
highly possible among the people conducting it and those close by. The long-term effect of this type
of exposure is the impairment of the metabolism of the human nervous system that eventually leads to
certain Neurobehavioral disturbances. The visible symptoms are the exhibition of exaggerated emotional
responses and muscular tremors and gingivitis.
C. Climate Change
Risks from global climate change are further aggravated the province vulnerability to natural hazards. In
the last 8 years alone, Apayao has recorded at least 6 super typhoons with mean rainfall of 320.99 mm
. These climate trends seem to fit the scientific evidence that rising sea surface temperatures enhance
the destructiveness of tropical cyclones. The province is expected to experience substantial rise in water
levels, making most of the barangays located along major bodies vulnerable to this phenomenon. The
province is also witnessing longer episodes of drought or El Niño, causing a large drop in the volume of
agricultural production and sharp declines in agricultural income.

CORDILLERA
RISK PROFILE C. BENGUET
Benguet is located in the southernmost part of Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR).It is composed of thirteen towns and 140 barangays. Its capital town is La
Trinidad. Agriculture and mining has been the source of employment for most of the people in Benguet. Benguet is popularly known as the “Salad Bowl” of the
Philippines because virtually every type of vegetable used in salads is produced here and also has the title “Strawberry Country”.
I. HYDRO-METEOROLOGICAL
HAZARDS
Owing to its topographic characteristics such as
mountainous terrain and moderate to steep slopes,
Benguet province is prone to hydrometeorologic
hazards; especially rain-induced landslides as-
sociated with typhoons and monsoon rains. For
the period 1995 to 2010, the recorded annua!
Rainfall was more or less 5,135 mm, surpassing
the regional average rainfall of 500-2,500 mm per
annum. This high intensity rainfall combined with
its topography and severely eroding slopes put the
province in a highly disaster-prone zone with more
than 85 percent of its area classified by the Mines
and Geo-Sciences Bureau as highly susceptible to
rain-induced landslides. Because of these, typhoons
packing strong winds and heavy or continuous rains
usually leave behind scores of fatalities, injuries and
damages to property. Such losses have been attrib-
uted to the numerous landslides, localized flooding
especially at La Trinidad Valley, that normally result in
the disruption of vital lifelines such as access roads,
water and power supply and telecommunication
systems, leaving the Province in total isolation for a
number of days. According to PAGASA, an annual
average of 11-30 tropical cyclones occurred in the
province for the period 1948-2000. Likewise, based
on records of the office of the Civil Defence in the
Cordillera Administrative Region (OCD-CAR), there
were at least 18 typhoons that hit Benguet for the
period 2006 - 2010. Thirteen of these have wrought
heavy losses to the province, the most devastating of
which was Typhoon Pepeng, a Category lll.

Historical Occurences
Based on records of the office of the Civil Defense in the Cordillera Administrative Region (OCD-CAR), there were at least 18 typhoons that hit Benguet for the period
2006 - 2010. Thirteen of these have wrought heavy losses to the province.
TYPHOON RECORDS : 2006 - 2010

Total Damages
Year Typhoon Casualties Affected Areas Persons Affected Damaged Houses (PhP 000 )
Dead Injured Missing Families Person Total Part

2006 Paeng 1 2 0 Buguias, Kibungan 2 8 2 26
Bokod, Buguias, Itogon,
2007 Chedeng 0 0 0 Mankayan, Kabayan, Tuba, La 1722 7630 10 18 9.74
Trinidad
Egay 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Hanna 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ineng 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kabayan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2
Mina 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10.3
2008 Julian 0 0 0 Tuba, Tublay, Kapangan 0 0 0 0 1.05
Karen 6 3 0 8 Municipalities 36 170 4 11 50.23
La Trinidad, Itogon, Bakon,
Nina 6 6 0 163 823 62 6 62.909
Bukod, Tuba
2009 Emong 0 0 0 Itogon, Sablan, Tuba 69 302 8 62 1.9
Kiko La Trinidad, Itogon 11 41 1 10 23.15
Ondoy 0 3 1 Buguias, Kabayan 3 25 0 0 4.007
1,701.
Pepeng 205 121 6 13 Municipalities 34,236 163,065 599 1,285
15
Cosme 1 3 0 Bakun, Bokod, Buguias, 2,239 9,508 42 259 154.952
Itogon, La Trinidad, Mankayan,
Helen 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sablan
Igme 0 0 0 Tuba, Tublay 0 0 0 0 0
2010 Juan 1 5 0 13 Municipalities 5,719 27,772 22 293 243,535
Total 220 143 7 44,200 209,344 750 1,944 2,289
Source : Benguet PDRRMC
A. Floods
Based on the Landslide and Flood Susceptibility Map produced by MGB, a relatively small portion (0.48 %) of Benguet’s total land area has high
susceptibility to flooding. These flood-prone patches are located along major rivers such as Agno River in the municipalities of Buguias, Bokod,
Kabayan and ltogon as well as Galiano River in Sablan and Tuba. It is also worthwhile to note that localized flooding occur during heavy rainfall
brought about by typhoons and monsoon especially along the La Trinidad Valley and other relatively flat areas along rivers such as Loo Valley in
Buguias. ln some instances residential and commercial areas as well as vegetable and cut flower farmlands experience knee-deep flood waters
during strong rains, although these usually recede rapidly. This localized flooding can also be attributed to drainage problems and poor waste
management.
Flood Susceptibility: Province of Benguet
Municipality High Susceptibility to Flooding (in hec.) Affected Barangays

Bokod 166.48 Tickey, Nawal, Ambuclao
Itogon 717.81 Dalupirip, Tinongdan, Poblacion
Kabayan 379.04 Pacso, Gusaran, Kabayan, Bo., Poblacion, Adaoay
Sablan 59.88 Bayabas
Tuba 94.40 San Pascual
TOTAL 1417.61

cordillera risk profile BENGUET
B. Rain-induced Landslides
For the period 1995 to 2010 the recorded annual rainfall was more or less 5,135 mm, surpassing the regional average rainfall of 500-2,500 mm per annum.
This high intensity rainfall combined with its topography and severely eroding slopes put the province in a highly erosion-prone zone with more than 85 percent
of its area classified by the Mines and Geo-Sciences Bureau as highly susceptible to rain-induced landslides. Because of these, typhoons packing strong winds
and heavy or continuous rains usually leave behind scores of fatalities, injuries and damages to property. Typhoon Pepeng brought powerful winds with gustiness
of up to 230 km per hour along with an extended period of heavy rains. Cumulative rainfall exceeded 1,000 mm for the period over the province. The highest
cumulative rainfall exceeding 1,000 mm was also experienced along the west coast of Northern Luzon during the said typhoon. From the PAGASA report of
typhoon Pepeng, Baguio City and Benguet registered 850 mm of rain from October 3-9, almost double the monthly rainfall of 461 mm in October of 2008.
The resulting river floods have been estimated to have a return period of around 50 years, meaning that statistically speaking, such a rainfall event occurs on
average of once in every 50 years.
From the period 2006 to 2010, the most number of cyclones that hit the province were in 2009 and 2007 with 7 and 6, respectively. However, least damages
were recorded in 2007. Based on record, only one cyclone hit the province in 2010 but with considerable damages to property, one person dead and 5 missing.
Generally, the agriculture sector in Benguet Province, particularly crop production, is the most adversely affected during heavy rains, sirong winis and typhoons.
The most affected municipalities are Atok, Buguias, Kabayan, kibungan, La Trinidad, Sablan and Tublay.
C. Other Climate-related Hazards
Benguet province is likewise prone to events/hazards brought about by change in climatic conditions such as frost and La Nina, the later, landslides brought by
high intensity rainfall.
Frost La Nina
Among the thirteen towns of La Nina is characterized by

the province, the municipalities unusually cool ocean surface
with high elevations experience temperatures in the Pacific. It is
frost specially during the cold the opposite of El Nino, which
months from December to is marked by unusually warm
February where temperatures ocean surface temperatures.
drop below normal levels La Nina is characterized by
causing damages particularly above-normal rainfall and often
to agriculture sector as well as beneficial for the monsoon.
predisposing vulnerable sectors While Benguet is not among
of the human population to the provinces in the eastern
health problems. According to seaboard, it is still one of the
PAGASA, temperatures drop provinces being saturated
down to as low as 6 degrees by rainfall. According to
Centigrade and still lower PAGASA, across the entire
by 2 degrees along Mt. Sto. country, Benguet province
Tomas and Atok, Buguias, and has consistently registered
some parts of Mankayan and the highest amount of rainfall
Kibungan. received.

II. GEOLOGIC HAZARDS
Earthquake and Related Hazards
As shown in Figure 1, Benguet is crisscrossed by major
fault lines namely: Digdig, Tubao, San Manuel, San Jose
faults, hence its vulnerability to earthquakes and its effects
(i.e., ground shaking, earthquake-induced landslides and
liquefaction). Based on the NElc-usGS and soEPD database,
there were 59 earthquake occurrences whose epicenters
are located within the Province from 1600 to 2009 (Figure
4). Of these, the July 16, 1990 killer quake with intensity
7.8 was the strongest, devastating the entire province
including Baguio city. Power, water and communication
transmission and distribution lines were destroyed, buildings
toppled and damaged and numerous massive earthquake
induced landslides occurred as a result of ground shaking. source: Apayao DRRM
Roads leading to and from the Province were impassable,
leaving it isolated from the rest of the Cordilleras and the
rest of Luzon for almost a month. The devastating tremor
followed by several aftershocks yielded 312 persons dead,
517 injured and 16 missing (Table 5). 76,004 families or
Figure 1: Major fault lines: Province of Benguet Source : Benguet PDRRMC
399,468 persons were adversely affected while 4,567
families were rendered homeless and 4,904 families had
partially damaged homes. Basic needs or commodities
such as food, drugs and medicines were sent or delivered
through choppers especially in the far flung areas. Another The active fault line traversing Benguet is the Digdig Fault, the origin of the most
mode of commodity transport to delivery was done through destructive earthquake that hit the province with a magnitude of 7.8 in July 16,
manual hauling (hiking). Aside from damaged roads, vehicular 1990. It caused huge losses of life and livelihood. This earthquake isolated all the
transport was also made difficult by the limited supply of fuel. 13 municipalities of the province. Roads to and from the province were cut due to
numerous earthquake-induced landslides which resulted in the disruption of basic
services as well as agriculture and trade activities for more than a month. Trading to and
from the province were suspended resulting to food, water and fuel supply shortage; as
well as loss of income of farmers and businessmen.
The simulation maps indicate that ground shaking with a magnitude of 8 PEIS shall be
experienced very close to the epicentre in Bokod while intensity 7 PEIS shall be felt in
the rest of Bokod, Tuba, Kabayan, Buguias, Mankayan, Bakun, Kibungan, Atok, Tublay
and La Trinidad. lntensity 6 shall occur in the rest of the municipalities (i.e., ltogon,
Kapangan and Sablan). Earthquake-induced landslides shall be very high along the red
areas mostly found in Bokod, ltogon, Tuba and Sablan. Moderate susceptibility (purple
areas) shall occur in some parts of Bokod, ltogon, Kabayan, Atok, Kibungan, Bakun
and Kapangan while the rest will experience low susceptibility. ln terms of liquefaction,
the low-lying areas adjacent to river banks might experience liquefaction particularly in
Bokod, Kabayan, Buguias and Kapangan municipalities.

cordillera risk profile BENGUET
IIi. SUMMARY
The combination of an extremely rugged topography, highly fractured geology, severely eroding slopes, high intensity rainfall and direct impact of human
undertakings such as massive deforestation and earth-movements for construction had put Benguet province in a highly vulnerable zone to rain-induced
landslides. It’s highly fractured geology and crisscrossing fault lines such as the Digdig, Tubao and San Manuel faults make the Province likewise
susceptible to earthquakes including the accompanying effects of ground shaking, earthquake-induced landslides and liquefaction. The worst disaster that
might occur and hence adversely impacting the Province is the simultaneous occurence of a strong earthquake at the height of ‘a strong typhoon. This
dreaded scenario shall result in massive landslides and erosion of mountain slopes. Populated areas like La Trinidad, Buguias, ltogon and Mankayan are
highly susceptible to these disasters.
Likely occurrence of hazards by Municipality: Province of Benguet
HAZARD
Hydrometeorologic Hazard Geologic Hazard Climate Change

LGU
Rain Induced Earthquake Induced
Flood Ground Shaking El Nino La Nina
Landslide Landslides
High Mod Low High Mod Low 5-6 6-7 7-8 High Mod Low
Atok x x x x x x x
Bakun x x x x x x x
Bokod x x x x x x x x
Buguias x x x x x x x
Itogon x x x x x x x x
Kabayan x x x x x x x x
Kapangan x x x x x x x
Kibungan x x x x x x x
La Trinidad x x x x x x x
Mankayan x x x x x x x
Sablan x x x x x x x x
Tuba x x x x x x x x
Tublay x x x x x x x
Baguio City x x x x x x x

CORDILLERA
RISK PROFILE d. mT. PROVINCE
Mt. Province lies in the heart of the Grand Cordillera, known to be the Philippine’s biggest and highest chain of mountains. Mt. Province is geo-politically
subdivided into 10 municipalities and 144 barangays. Its capital town is Bonto and it is known for its limestone caves that served as burial grounds during the
pre-Christian Sagada era
Hazard Characterization
Mountain Province is prone to natural hazards due to

its natural configuration’ and geographic location. These
hazards include floods and flash floods, rain-induced
landslides’ ground shaking, ground rupture, earthquake-
induced landslides and liquefaction’ However’ there is
no known occurrence of ground rupture and liquefaction
these types of hazards are not totally disregarded as it may
have the potential to occur at a later time’ Typhoons which
are commonly referred to as a hazard is considered as
hazard triggers’ much like earthquakes that trigger ground
shaking. The impact of typhoons’ for example’ is manifested
by damage or toss caused by the flooding after extreme
rainfall’ or by raininduced landslides. Wind related damage
from typhoons is not included in the risk assessment
because of the complexity of establishing relationships of
wind magnitude’ duration, impacts and frequency for local sadanga
conditions (Guidelines for Mainstreaming Disasfer Risk paracelis
Reduction in Subnational Development and Land Use/ besao bontoc

natonin
Physical Planning in the Philippine,2008). sagada

barlig
ln the hazard profiling of the province, the guidelines for bauko
Mainstreaming Dr’sasfer Risk Reduction in Subnatiinat tadian sadangan
Devetopment and Land lJse/Physical Planning in the

Philippines (2008) was used as the main reference,
because it direct natural disaster risk reduction efforts in
development planning processes’ There are two main
groups of hazards that have the potential of causing death,
injuries, damage to propertyini O”.”ge to the environment’
These are hydrometeorological hazards and geologic
hazards’
Hazards of hydrometeorological origin consist of sform
surges, floods and flashfloods’ and landstides. On the
other hand, hazards of geologic origin are earthquake
and earthquakeinduced hazards and volcanic hazards..
However, only those hazards applicable in the province
were considered and will be discussed in this chapter.
Despite limitations in the Guidetines, it is worthy to note
that extreme temperatures and drought due to climate
change are hazards which are likely to happen in Mountain
Province’ These hazards may be latei on considered
and incorporated when there is enough data to show a
significant impact to life and property’

I. HYDRO-METEOROLOGICAL
HAZARDS
Report on damages triggered by typhoons
Impact of Typhoon in Mountain Province
A. Rain-induced Landslide
Population/Areas
Description Impacts
Affected
Landslides (or mass movement) are downward and Road erosion and Roads were not
Typhoon “Glenda”, 2006
outward movements of materials, including rock and soil landslides passable for hours
due to various causes such as excessive rain, earthquake, Typhoon “Paeng”, 2007
volcanic eruption, rapid undercutting by rivers, waves or Natonin:
man’s activities (Guidelines for Mainstreaming Disasfer Tonglayan, Purag,
Risk Reduction in Subnational Development and Land Chatol: Bontoc-
Use/Physical Planning in the Philippines,2008). Rain- Road Landslides and Roads were not
Typhoon “Kabayan”, 2007 Bayyo,Tadian,
Soil Erosion passable for hours
induced landslides (RlL) are common in the province. This Sagada, Bauko,
is evident especially along road networks and in areas Sadanga, Paracelis,
where soil condition and vegetative cover are poor. During Besao
heavy or prolonged rainfall (typhoons and monsoon rains), Typhoon “Chedeng”, 2007 Tadian, Bontoc
landslides occur in varying degrees which results also
to varying degrees of damage to properties and crops Road Surface washouts,
Roads were not
including injuries or loss of lives. Typhoon “Cosme”, 2008 Agri. Land totally/partially
passable for hours
damaged
From 2003 to 2011, there are 14 typhoons that visited Road Surface washouts,
the province (see Annex, Table 41. On the average, 2 Roads were not
Typhoon “Cosme”, 2008 Agri. Land totally/partially
typhoons visit the province annually. The most damaging passable for hours
damaged
typhoon is typhoon “Pepeng” which occurred in October 6, Roads were not
2009. It caused a massive landslide in a community and Typhoon “Florita”, 2008 Soil Erosion, Land Slides
passable for hours
claimed 60 lives. The total cost of damage is P92.63M. Typhoon “Lawin”, 2008 Road Landslides
Road Landslides/
Typhoon “Igme”, 2008
washouts
Sadanga: Poblacion, Roads were not
Typhoon “Ondoy”, 2009 Soil Erosion
Fewong passable for hours
A. Floods
Floods and Flash Floods often occur along major rivers Flash Flood Event
and creeks in the province during heavy and prolonged
rainfall. River overflow destroys agricultural lands. Lowland
areas in the municipality of Paracelis are also prone to Population/
flooding. Description Impacts
Areas Affected
According to NAMRIA and DENR, the estimated cost of
flood damage along the river basin in the province is 2.14
to 5.16 million, and the estimated flood frequency based 5 children were
from the flood damage assessment is 3 times 4 times Typhoon “Harurot”, Batayan, Masla washed away at
within 10 years. Flash Flood
2003 tadian the creek and were
dead and 1 injured

II. GEOLOGIC HAZARDS Location of Fault Lines in Mt. Province
Geologic hazards result from geologic processes acting on Municipality Barangay Fault Line
or beneath the earth’s surface. These include movement Latang, Fiangtin, Lias Kanluran,
of plates in the earth’s crust or from local concentrations Barlig Digdig Fault Line
Macalana
of heat and a source of hazards to people and their natural
and built-up environment on the earth’s surface. Bauko Monamon Norte Digdig Fault Line
Bontoc Bontoc Ili, Alab Oriente, Balili, Gonogon Digdig Fault Line
The province is at risk to geologic hazards as it lies along
the path of various fault lines such as the Cordillera fault Natonin Natonin Vs Kalinga, Pudo, Tonglayan Digdig Fault Line
line, the Abra River fault line, Digdig fault line and Bangui
fault line. Bun-ayan, Busa, Lagan, Capinitan,
Sabangan Gayang, Losad, Namatec, Napua, Digdig Fault Line
Tambingan
Sadanga Bekigan, Belwang Bangui Fault Line
Bunga, Cagubatan, Dacudac, Kanyan Abra River Fault

Tadian
West, Mabalite, Tadian Vs Pandayan Line
A. Earthquake and Earthquake-

induced Hazards
An earthquake is a weak to violent shaking of the ground Ground Shaking Map

produced by the sudden movement of rock materials
below the earth’s surface (L. Bautista, 1999). Based on
the USGS data, there are 28 earthquakes occurrences
that had affected the province from 1871 to 1996. Of
these occurrences, the July 16, 1990 killer quake with
intensity 7.9, however, there are no recorded fatalities in
the province
B. Ground Shaking
The main hazard created by seismic earth movements is

ground shaking. This term is used to describe the vibration
of the ground during an earthquake. During an earthquake,
seismic waves travel rapidly away from the source and
through the earth’s crust. Upon reaching the ground
surface, they produce shaking that may last from seconds
to minutes (Kramer, 1996).

cordillera risk profile MT. PROVINCE
Earthquake-induced Landslide Map
C. Earthquake-induced Landslides
The severe shaking in an earthquake can cause

natural slopes to weaken and fail, resulting in
landslides (Kramer, 1996). Occurrence of landslides
during an earthquake is determined largely by
local conditions. Many factors, including geologic
and hydrologic conditions, topography, climate,
weathering and land-use, influence the stability
of slopes and the cha racteristics of landslides
(Baurflsta, 1 9 9 9).

D. Liquefaction Barangay Susceptibility to Earthquake Induced Landslide
Susceptibility Level
Municipality
Liquefaction is a process where particles of loosely- High Moderate Low
consolidated and watersaturated deposits of sand Barlig Lias Kanluran, Lias Silangan
are rearranged into a more compact state. This Bauko Monamon Norte, Monamon Sur, Leseb, Mabaay
results in the squeezing of water and sediments Besao Catengan, Banguitan, Kiniway, Payew
towards the surface in the form of “sand fountain” Bontoc Ili, Alab Oriente, Alab Bontoc Ili, Caneo, Alab Oriente, Bayyo, Gonogon,
and creating a condition resembling “quicksand” Bontoc proper, Balili, Gonogon, Talubin, Guina-ang, Mainit, Maligcong, Samoki, Talubin,
(Guidelines for Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Tocucan Tocucan
Reduction in Subnational Development and Land Alunogan, Balangao, Banao, Butac, Maducayan,
Natonin
Poblacion, Sta. Isabel
Use/Physical Planning in the Philippines, 2008). Paracelis
The province has no recorded occurrence of Lagan, Tambingan, Losad, Bunayan, Gayang,
Sabangan
liquefaction yet. However, the impossibility of capinitan, Busa, Namatec, Napua
occurrence is being considered. Betwagan, Belwang, Sacasacan, Poblacion, Saclit,
Sadanga Bekigan, Saclit
Bekigan, Anabel
Antadao, Kilong, Patay, Tanulong,
Sagada Fedelisan, Tanulong, Tetepan Norte, Aguid
Tetepan Norte, Tetepan Sur
Tadian Bana-ao, Cadad-anan, Lenga, Dacudac
E. Volcanic Hazards
Volcanic hazards arise from active and potentially active volcanoes. Active volcanoes are those that erupted within historical times such that, accounts of these
eruptions were documented by man. Potentially active volcanoes are morphologically young looking, but with no historical records of eruption. An inactive volcano
has no recorded eruptions in the last 10, 000 years.
III. CLIMATE RELATED (Frost, Drought, Forest Fires)

Although there is no data available, the phenomenon called El Nino causing drought is hitting the municipality of Paracelis severely, affecting agriculture in a most
devastating capacity. The crops of corn and rice are drooping and going to waste for lack of water. Adding insult to injury is the presence of forest fires. Table 11
shows the frequency of fire occurrence and its causes for the past 3 years (CY 2009-2011). Frost is also observed in the Mount Data portion of Bauko but no
data is available as to the extent of its damage to agriculture.

CORDILLERA
RISK PROFILE E. IFUGAO
Ifugao was formerly a part of the old Mountain Province. It was created as an independent province on June 18, 1966 by virtue of Republic Act No. 4695, otherwise
known as the “Division Law of Mountain Province”. Under this law, Mountain Province was divided into four (4) provinces namely: Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga-Apayao
and Mountain Province. It has eleven municipalities and 175 barangays.
The province is home to the famous lfugao Rice Terraces, inscribed in the UNESCO as a world heritage site. The extensive mountain ranges that dominate the
landscape have been terraced by hand for growing rice because there is hardly any level land. There are about 14 peaks, four of which are among the highest
mountain peaks in CAR. Mt. Pulag is the highest peak located in the municipality of Tinoc while Mt. Binahagan in Lagawe is the least
The province also serves as the biggest watershed area of the Magat Hydro-electric Plant located in both the provinces of lfugao and lsabela. It cradles thirteen major
river basins. These waters are major sources of sand, gravel and river stones, which are essential in infrastructure development.
The province is predominantly characterized by steep mountainous and high elevation terrain. Almost three fourths (67%) of the province’s land area has a slopes
30 percent and above.
Hazard Characterization
The geographical location of the Province of Ifugao

makes it highly vulnerable to natural hazards as well as
human-induced hazards. The whole province is particularly
susceptible to the harsh effects of tropical cyclones
and complex weather systems resulting to landslides,
mudslides and flash floods.
For the past 4 years, fatalities recorded were due to

natural hazards such as landslides induced by rain and
typhoons. lfugao ranks no. 1 in the top ten provinces at risk
to landslides. These areas are predominant in Aguinaldo,
Moyoyoo, Logowe, Hingyon, Bonaue, Hungduon, Tinoc,
Listo ond Lomut. Many typhoons in the past years have
brought about great damages to lives -and properties
in the province. ln 2008, a landslide at Pitawan during banaue
mayoyao
aguinaldo
potia
typhoon “Hana” buried alive at least nine people, and in

2009, landslides due to Typhoon “Emong” caused the hingyon ifugao
hungduan
loss of lives of 16 people and injuries 19 and millions of

lagawe
kiangan
damages in terms to properties and infrastructures. tindo
lamut
asipulo
Earthquake Geological Hazards are related

with phenomena such as amplification of ground
shaking, landslide and liquefaction. Slopes failures during
earthquakes have claimed a great number of casualties
and have been a major cause of damage to structures
and facilities constructed on or in the vicinity of the slopes
or along fault lines. The scale of such landslides on natural
slopes can be large enough to devastate entire villages
or towns.

Severe Erosion is a major environmental problem that beset the province of lfugao. About 37% or 96,860 hectares are severely prone to erosion and
19 percent are moderately prone to erosion or, more than half of the province land area (56%) has problems on erosion. lfugao’s vulnerability to erosion is
due to its soil structure. This condition is seriously aggravated by the degradation of soil quality brought about by denudation and intensive land use activities
particularly in steeply sloping areas. Other factors include in appropriate farming practices, road construction and other massive equipment supported
earthwork activities which resulted to the situation of our major rivers and destruction of valuable farmlands.
Erosion Map
Source : Ifugao PDRRMC
Ifugao Hazards Inventory

Type of hazard Municipality Affected
Landslide prone areas Aguinaldo, Asipulo, Banaue, Kiangan, Hingyon, Lagawe, Hungduan,Mayoyao, Tinoc, Lamut
Aguinaldo (Halae), Kiangan ( Some riverside brgys of Kiangan such as Mungayang, lbulao- Baguinge),
Lagawe (Some riverside brgys of Lagawe such as Pob. South /west (Bahawit)/, Tungngod, Caba, Olilicon,
Flooding Tupaya Dulao, Banga and Poblacion centro), Lamut (All riverside Brgys. of Lamut such as Pieza, Salamague
Hapid, Bimpal, Pob. East, Lawig, Panopdopan, Pob. West,) Alfonso Lista (Sto. Domingo and areas along the
Masat river basin)
Province-wide but the fault line traverses the municipalities of Tinoc, Hungduan and Banaue. Earthquake
Earthquake -Induced Landslide
epicenters are in Tinoc, Hungduan, Banaue, Mavovao and Alfonso Lista

I. HYDROMETEOROLOGIC
HAZARDS
A. Floods Flood Hazard Map
Large flood events in rivers have a major impact on

channel stability and on environmental and socioeconomic
conditions on floodplains. Most studies of river floods
have focused on humid temperate climates, even though
large floods are probably more frequent and significant in
humid tropical regions. Tropical storms or “typhoons”, are
a major cause of floods. Flood hazard are concentrated
on farms and residential located near the rivers particularly
in low-lying areas like Lagawe, Lamut, Alfonso Lista and
Aguinaldo. These rivers include the Potia-Taotao, lbulao,
Lamut and Alimit. In previous incidents where flooding
occurs, these rivers claimed peoples’ lives, properties and
livestock including other properties.
B. Rain-induced Landslide Rain-induced Landslide Map
Landslides are often triggered by rainfall, particularly in

the tropical climate which is characterized by very intense
long duration rainy seasons. Rainfall induced landslides are
usually shallow slips, and they have occurred frequently in
some municipalities of lfugao. Majority of the municipalities
in lfugao are vulnerable to rain induced landslides with
the exception of the municipalities of Lamut and Alfonso
Lista that shows a low to moderate vulnerability. The other
nine municipalities have high vulnerability to rain induce
landslide. This may explain the frequent closure of access
roads during the rainy season and the impact of typhoon
that visited the province. The Lagawe-Banaue-Bontoc
National road is oftentimes impassable and these cuts
across several barangays of Lagawe, Hingyon and Banaue.
The Banaue-Hungduan-Tinoc road and the Banaue-
Mayoyao-Aguinaldo road are also susceptible.

cordillera risk profile IFUGAO
MAJOR TYPHOONS
On October t 5, 2010 the tropical storm with international name “MEGI” located over Marianas intensified into a typhoon. The next day, the typhoon east of
northern Luzon entered the Philippines Area of Responsibility (PAR) and was named “Juan” with a maximum sustain wind of 140 kph and gustiness of up to
170 kph moving in a west northwest direction at 20 kph. On October 17,2010, it intensified further with a maximum sustain winds from 160 to 195 kph
and gustiness of up to 195 kph to 230 kph, thus increasing its treat to northern Luzon. Typhoon “Juan” (Megi) is the second most destructive cyclone that
enteredthe Philippines’ Area of Responsibllity (PAR), occurring from October L6-20,2010.
Date of Damages
Type of Hazard Area Affected Population Affected Casualties
Occurrence Houses Properties
Totally
Municipalities Families Persons Dead Injured Partial Agriculture Infrastructure
Damaged
Typhoon Juan Oct. 19-21 2010 11 3,623 2 46 716 158,128,750.00 176,227,000.00
Typhoon
May 7-8, 2009 11 16 14 75 239 83,401,027.00 234,240.00
Emong
Sept. 27-30,
Typhoon Hana 8 9 2 10,200,000.00 15,000,000.00
2008
II. GEOLOGIC HAZARDS

A. Ground shaking
The province of lfugao lies within the area of the Cordillera Central Range. The Philippine Fault line Zone generally extends northwest and
northeast. An active fault line, the “digdig fault line” lies on the western part of the province. The fault line traverses the municipalities of Tinoc,
Hungduan and Banaue (with earthquake veins reaching Asipulo and Hingyon) and exits to Bontoc, Mt. Province . The central part of the area
up to the north and northwestern part of lfugao is occupied by meta-rock formation, which is evidence of diastrophism like faulting and folding.
The eastern and south eastern part of the province is covered with Andesite-Basalt and pyroclastic formation due to successive volcanism. The
mineral resources in the province are mostly non-metallic such as sand, gravel and limestone deposits. Ifugao ranks no. 7 to the 10 provinces
at risk to earthquakes in the Philippines.
Based on Rapid Earthquake Damage Assessment System (REDAS) scenario simulations, lfugao has 16 epicenters (fig.15) which are based in
different seismic historical events, and one major fault line = traversing the province which is the “digdig fault”. The presence of this active fault
and epicenters within the province may reactivate and will amplify ground shaking, earthquake-induced landslide as well as earthquake-induced
liquefaction. The “digdig fault line” could be the very hazardous as it is situated within the province particularly on the western side and traverses
the municipalities of Tinoc, Banaue, Hungduan and Asipulo and exits to Bontoc, Mt, Province.

Hazard Characterization for Earthquake
The province is very susceptible to intensity 6 and 7 earthquakes. Ground shaking Hazard map is illustrated below shows the municipalities with
most susceptible to intensity 6 and 7.
Ground Shaking Hazard Map
B. Earthquake Induces Landslide
The impact of the July 1990 Eartquake Induce Landslide in the province of Ifugao shows low to moderate effect because of rock foundation
and soil structure hence some minor roads in the mountain regions were devastated by landslip which exposed slopes to subsewquent rains.
Major roads on the plains were extensively damaged. Several areas suffered damage directly attributable to fault movement, particularly to roads.
A review of data from historical earthquakes indicates that the lanslides they generated can be classified into 14 different types. These includes
highly disaggregated and fast-moving falls, disrupted slides and avalanches; more coherent and slower-moving slumps, block slides, and earth
slides; and lateral spreads and flows that involve partly to completely liquefied material. Rock falls, disrupted rock slide and disrupted slides of
earth and debris are the most abundant types of earthquake-induced landslides, where as earth flows, debris flows, and avalanches of rock,
earth, or debris typically transport material the farthest. Because of their mass or long distances of transport, these landslides generally have
the greatest effects on the landscape during and after earthquakes. Landslide effects on alluvial fans include direct deposition of material on fan
surfaces; fissuring and displacement of fan materials; alterations in drainage basins such as devegetation, denudation, and changes in channel
networks; and generation of large amounts of sediment that may be transported to fans by post-earthquake water flows or debris flows.

cordillera risk profile IFUGAO
III. CLIMATE RELATED

HAZARDS
Drought brought about by El Niño
Summary of Crop Damages by El Niño, Ifugao 2010
Extreme drought has been felt province wide
especially in 2010. The continuous dry spell for the Projected
Total Area No. of Farmers
past four (4) months in 20tO has terribly decreased Type of Crop Production
Affected (ha.) Affected
the volume of water in rivers, streams and all water Loss Value (P)
sources. lrrigation canals have practically dried up
thus many rice fields and farmlands have dried up A. Rice 1,968 3,510 38,363,300
and cracked. Also, livestock were not spared from
the heat and starvation especially the animals that B. Corn 3,782 5,535 32,931,500
thrive on grasses and shrubs. Forest fires also
occurred adding to the calamity. The enormity of C. Vegetable & Other HVCC 985 1,945 3,733,450
devastation brought by the calamity has affected d. Fishery 31 455 -
mostly the lowland municipalities of Alfonso Lista,
parts of Aguinaldo and Lamut. However, the upland
municipalities of Banaue, Lagawe, Hungduan, TOTAL 6,766 11,445 75,028,250
Kiangan, Hingyon, Mayoyao, Asipulo, and Tinoc were
also gravely affected. The table below summarized
the ElNino Damage.
III. SUMMARY OF Summary of Hazard Profile Risk Across Municipalities, Ifugao
HAZARD Geologic Hazards Hydrometeorologic Hazards
CHARACTERIZATION Municipality
GS LIQ EIL Tsu Floods RIL
Storm
Surge
El
Nino
The Province of lfugao in its geographical location as Aguinaldo xx xx x xxx x
a land locked province is highly susceptible to natural
disasters. PAG-ASA in their study cited the province Alfonso Lista xx x xx x xx
as top 3 in provinces prone to rainfall change, top Asipulo xxx xx x xxx x
3 in typhoons, top 20 in temperature increase and
top 3 in all weather-related risks. Hydrometeorologic Banaue xx xx x xxx x
hazards are the events that have the most significant Hingyon xxx x x xx x
economic damage to the province such as rain- Hungduan xxx xx x xxx x
induced landslide caused by successive typhoons. lt
is also highly susceptible to floods and earthquakes, Kiangan xxx x x xx x
or even El Nifio phenomena, making it one of the Lagawe xxx xx xx xx x
most disaster prone provinces in the region. Data
and maps generation results show that disaster Lamut xxx x xx x xx
susceptibility of the province was brought about by Mayoyao xx xx x xxx x
denudation and intensive land use activities. A direct
Tinoc xxx xx x xxx x
human impact contributed to the condition such as
inappropriate farming practices, road construction GS - Ground Shaking x - low susceptibility
and other massive equipment supported earthwork
activities, particularly in steeply sloping areas leading LIQ - Liquefaction xx - moderate susceptibility
to the siltation of our major rivers and destruction EIL - Earthquake Induced Landslide xxx - high susceptibility
of valuable farmlands, environmental degradation Tsu - Tsunami
and the increasing risk of environmental disasters. RIL - Rain Induced landslide
Based on the maps generated, table 17 summarizes
the hazard profile risks across municipalities in the
province.

CORDILLERA
RISK PROFILE F. kalinga
I. GENERAL INFORMATION Total Land Area and Number of Barangays by Municipality, Kalinga
Municipalities Land area (sq.km) % Share Number of Barangays
Balbalan 519 16.90 14
Lubuagan 148 4.80 9
A. Location and Land Area Pasil 189 6.20 14
Pinukpuk 692 22.20 23
Rizal 230 7.50 15
The province of Kalinga is located at the central part Tabuk 641 20.90 42
of the Cordillera Administrative Region and lies at Tanudan 367 12.00 16
121°17’ east longitude and 17°26’ north latitude. Tinglayan 283 9.22 20
It is a landlocked province bounded by the provinces KALINGA 3,069 100.00 153
of Apayao on the north, Cagayan and Isabela on the Note: The data are just GIS-generated using the NAMRIA map which is intended for planning purposes. This should not in any way
east, Abra on the west and Mountain Province on affect the IRA allocation of the province and component municipalities.
the south.
Created under Republic Act 7878, the province has
a total land area of 3,069 square kilometers covering Location Map
17% of the total CAR’s land area. It is composed
of seven (7) municipalities and one (1) component
city, the City of Tabuk with a total of 153 barangays.
B. Population Density
The province’s population density in the 2007
census year is very low at 59 persons per square
kilometer. This is far lower than the regional average
of 85 persons per square kilometer as well as the pinukpok
national average of 260 per square kilometer.

Being the population concentration center of the balbalan
tabuk
province, Tabuk City has the highest population
density which surpassed the province as well as kalinga rizal
the regional average population densities. It is pasil
followed by Lubuagan and Rizal with more than 60 lubuagan
persons per square kilometer population densities.

tanudan
Tanudan and Balbalan have the lowest population

tinglayan
densities with less than 25 persons per square

kilometer. Consistent with the decline in annual
population growth rates, Tanudan and Tinglayan
posted a declined in population densities. Balbalan
has maintained its population densities from 2000
census year while the other municipalities showed
improvement in densities.

Population Density by Municipality, Kalinga : 2000 - 2007
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
balbalan lubuagan pasil PINUKPUK RIZAL TABUK TANUDAN TINGLAYAN
2000 2007
Source: 2009 Regional Social and Economic Trends, NSCB
Note : Land area is base d on the NAMRIA map
C. Physical Features
Topography and Slope

The topography of the province is rugged and sloping with mountain peaks ranging from 1,000 to 2,500 meters above sea level.
The province’s geographic feature on the western portion is characterized by steep to very steep land terrain (50% slope and above)
covering 61 percent of the total land area. These areas are located mostly in the municipalities of Tinglayan, Lubuagan, Pasil, Tanudan
and Balbalan while areas with gently rolling(0-18% slope) are mostly located in Pinukpuk, Rizal and the City of Tabuk.
D. Natural Resources
Water Minerals
Kalinga is hosts to seven big rivers that provide continuous Kalinga has vast potentials of mineral deposits still untapped.
irrigation and potential energy sources not only to the province It has been extensively prospected for gold, copper, and other
but also to its neighboring provinces like Cagayan and Isabela. important metallic and non-metallic minerals based from survey
83% or 404,685 hectares of the Chico River Watershed is conducted by private and government geologists and mining
located in the Province of Kalinga. This positions the province engineers. There were even eleven (11) prospects identified in
a vital role in the regional vision to be a “Watershed Cradle”. the province exclusive of the Batong Buhay Gold Mines, Inc.
The province is drained mainly by the Chico River with headwater (BBGMI) which went into operation in the 1980s.
originating from Mt. Province and empties into the Cagayan Aside from metallic reserves, quarry materials are also
River. It has has several tributaries: the Tinglayan River in the abundant along the three major river bodies in the province.
south, the Tanudan River in the east, the Pasil River at the middle Vast deposits of these quarry resources are found along the
and the Mabaca and Saltan Rivers in the north. Small lakes can low gradient and fairly wide flood plains of the lower Chico River
also be found in the province particularly the Padcharao Lake in channel. With the rate of extraction and yearly replenishment
Pasil & Bonnong & Asibanglan Lakes in Pinukpuk. These water during rainy season, the materials could support major
resources are being tapped for power generation, fishing, and infrastructures in the province
irrigation
Forest Tourist Attractions
In terms of forest resources, record shows that Kalinga has a The province is also endowed with numerous tourist attractions.
total forest area of 246,868 hectares. By type of forest cover, Although these are not yet developed as tourist destinations,
brush lands cover about 41.12 percent of the total forest area. these potentials can be at par with other provinces in CAR if
In 1994, the DENR has estimated a total standing timber of fully developed. At present, the main tourist attraction of the
12,019,850 cubic meters and 264,539,933 linear meters of province is the White Water Rafting. As of 2010, an average of
non timber resources. 30,040 local and foreign tourists was recorded to have visited
the province for water rafting and kayaking at the Chico River.
Other tourist attractions include, cultural festivals and other
outdoor sports like trekking and spelunking.

E. Land Use
Based on the land cover map from the NAMRIA, and updated
data from the DENR, the existing land use in Kalinga is dominated
by forest which comprise almost 35 percent of the total land area
and this type is predominant in the municipalities of Tanudan,
Tinglayan, Pasil, Lubuagan and Balbalan. On the other hand,
agricultural and other land uses are mostly located in the City
of Tabuk and the municipalities of Rizal and Pinukpuk. The
built-up areas are mostly concentrated within alienable and
disposable lands but these are also present in areas that are
classified as forestlands by virtue of PD 705 especially in the
upland municipalities.. On the other hand, agricultural land uses
are predominant in the Tabuk City, Rizal & Pinukpuk but these
are also present within the forestlands especially in the upper
municipalities. These are the rice terraces that were carved along
mountain sides and isolated kaingin farms.
The “Rice Granary of the Cordilleras”

Kalinga is blessed with wide and rich agricultural lands with a total area of 96,668.14 square kilometers devoted for agricultural
production or 30.98% of the province’s total land area. Average production for rice stood at 5.24 MT per hectare and 3.7
metric tons for corn. Now recognized as best producer of F1 rice, and the Kalinga “unoy rice” has ained national and international
recognition. Only 43.65% of total irrigable areas is served by existing facilities.
F. External and Internal Linkages
Kalinga is linked with the province of Cagayan by the Kalinga – Cagayan- Abbut Road, connected to Isabela and Mt. Province by Mt.
Province Boundary-Calanan-Abbut Road, joined to Abra by Kalinga- Abra Road.
The Manila to Kalinga route is served by four main transport groups, the Victory Liner, Auto Bus, Florida and Dangwa Liner while route to
Baguio is served by Dangwa Liner and GL Bus companies while the internal circulation routes are serviced by public utility jeepneys, mini-
buses, multi-cabs and tricycles.
Kalinga being a landlocked province has no ports; however, there are barangays along the Chico River and Saltan River that use boats as
means of transportation thus delimiting the populace in these areas in access to basic services and difficulty in transporting their products
to market outlets. Tuguegarao Airport of Cagayan Valley serves as the nearest means of air transportation in the province.
The province has a total of 38 provincial roads with a total kilometerage of 142.057, most of which link to the national highways. The
municipal and barangay road networks play vital role in the socio-economic activities in the province as these provide access to transport
agricultural products and other commercial crops likewise access to basic services to their public markets and to Tabuk being the center
of trade, commerce and education.
G. Information and Communication
Since 2002, the province particularly Tabuk is connected with the internet. At present, almost all government offices have access to the
internet and there are now numerous internet shops in the commercial areas in Bulanao and Dagupan areas. Most households have also
opted to be connected for their private use. Nonetheless there is still a public demand for the establishment of landline telephone system
especially from the business sector.
H. Status of Electrification
Of the 153 barangays in Kalinga, 138 or 90.19 percent is energized with a total of 23,754 household connections which is only
66.99 percent of the total number of households as of CY 2008. By source of power, the National Transmission Corporation (NTC)
through the Kalinga Electric Cooperatives has the widest service coverage with 21,238 household connections particularly in Tabuk, Rizal,
Pinukpuk,Tanudan, Lubuagan and one barangay of Balbalan. Besides, most households of Tanudan, Lubuagan, Balbalan and Pasil are
connected with solar energy and existing micro-hydro projects.

cordillera risk profile KALINGA
II. HAZARD CHARACTERISTICS
Climate
In terms of temperature, the province enjoys an average of

26.27 degrees Celsius based on PAG-ASA (Climate Change in
the Philippines, February, 2011). The 2020 projected average
temperature on a high range emission scenario is 26.97
degrees Celsius while on a medium range emission scenario is
27.12 degrees Celsius.
Based on the Updated Climate Map of the Philippines (Modified
Coronas Classifications) the climate of Kalinga falls under the
first and third climate types. Type I which affects the western part
of the province is characterized by two pronounced seasons dry
from November to April and wet for the rest of the year and Type
III which affects the eastern part is characterized by not very
pronounced relatively dry November to April and wet for the rest
of the year.
The dry season extends from November to April. The rest of the
year is considered rainy. The heaviest rains usually occur in the
months of July to October.
In terms of temperature, the province enjoys an average of

26.27 degrees Celsius based on PAG-ASA (Climate Change in
the Philippines, February, 2011). The 2020 projected average
temperature on a high range emission scenario is 26.97
degrees Celsius while on a medium range emission scenario is
27.12 degrees Celsius.
Source : Kallinga PDRRMC

Hot temperatures will continue to become more frequent in the future. Following the value used by our nearby province (Tuguegarao City of
Cagayan) , in extreme events analysis, the province indicates that the number of days with maximum temperature exceeding 35 °C is increasing
in 2020 and 2050 with 3930 and 5119 days respectively.
In terms of rainfall frequency, the number of days with rainfall >300mm in the province during the 2006-2035 period (centered at 2020 is 4).
No. of Days w/ Rainfall
No. of Days w/ Tmax>35C No. of Days
Provinces Stations >300mm
OBS 2020 2050 OBS 2020 2050 OBS 2020 2050
CAGAYAN TUGUEGARAO 2769 3930 5119 8573 6513 6580 0 4 9
As to the tropical cyclone which crossed the province 50 km from boundaries (1948-2009), the province has experienced a total of 106
observed events broken down as follows: 16 - tropical depressions with a maximum sustained winds of 45 to 63 kph, 38- tropical storms with
a maximum winds from 64 to 118 kph and 52- typhoons with a maximum sustained winds greater than 118 kph.
III. HYDROMETEOROLOGIC HAZARDS

A. Flooding
As a consequence of the improper
waste disposal at the upper stream
and encroachment of the river channel
which constricts the flow of the flood
waters, it is very obvious that the
former river channels are now silted.
The continuous deposition of eroded
sand, gravel and boulders from the
highlands of Mt. Province and Kalinga
has been causing the river channels to
become shallow thus diverting the flow
to the low lying and loose fertile soil
along the banks of the river.
As shown in the MGB Map, flooding

is experienced in the low lying areas
of the province particularly in the
City of Tabuk and the municipality of
Pinukpuk. However, by simulations
of 0-8% slope combined with
major rivers, it shows that the areas
susceptible to flooding include the low
lying areas of the municipality of Rizal.
The farmlands along the Chico River

banks are continuously scoured from
the perennial floods every typhoon &
rainy seasons. The City of Tabuk has
about 10,700 hectares of irrigated
ricelands about half of which is at the
floor of the valley and susceptible to
flooding.

B. Rain-induced Landslide (RIL)
The following RIL map produced by DENR-MGB indicates that the western section of Kalinga, covering approximately 50 percent of the
province’s land area, is highly vulnerable to rain-induced landslides. This is due to the combined effect of steep slopes, rapid state of
deforestation, intense material weathering, presence of open land fractures and high intensity rainfall. Under threat from this hazard are
five of eight municipalities in the province i.e., with Balbalan registering a highly susceptible area of 72.89 percent, Pasil-97.96 percent,
Lubuagan-85.72 percent, Tinglayan-79.73 percent and Tanudan-72.86 percent. Meanwhile, low to moderate RIL susceptibility is indicated
in the municipalities of Pinukpuk, Rizal and the City of Tabuk since these areas lie on relatively stable ground combined with flat to rolling
terrain.
Impact of RIL on population. Almost half of the 87,912 population recorded in 2007 live in Tabuk which is relatively safe from erosion
because of its generally flat terrain. However, some 30 percent of the provincial population still inhabit the highly susceptible slopes in Tanudan,
Tinglayan, Balbalan, Lubuagan and Pasil which may endanger residents from the threat of erosion with continuous high intensity rainfall.
Impact of RIL on property (built-up and agricultural areas). Most built-up and settlement areas are likewise located in Tabuk, the province’
capital town. Concentration of large settlement/built-up areas are observed in barangays Bulanao and Dagupan in Tabuk. Significant number
of settlement/built-up areas are also found in Rizal and in the flat areas around Pinukpuk.
Similarly, with respect to agriculture, a large portion of the province’ rice fields are located in Tabuk, Rizal and Pinukpuk. These primary farms
lands are serviced with irrigation facilities with Chico River providing water to feed these rice lands. Recently, incidences of erosion along
river banks are becoming common, disrupting production services. Below are pictures of eroded riverbanks where irrigation canals and other
appurtenances have been constructed. Typhoon Juan in 2010 wrought havoc to the municipalities of Tabuk and Tanudan, resulting in the
destruction of irrigation facilities, interruption power services, destroying school buildings thus resulting in the suspension of classes.

C. Typhoons
In the last three years, the province was visited by dreadful typhoons namely Mina and Pepeng leaving total damages of P445.190 Million
with a total deaths of 27 persons. Typhoon Juan also hit Kalinga last October 18, 2010 that affected 37,057 families, killed one person
with a total damage of P513.733 Million.
FINAL REPORTS ON TYPHOON DAMAGES CAUSED BY SUPER TYPHOON JUAN
Province: KALINGA Type of Disaster : SUPERTYPHOON JUAN Date of Occurence: October 18, 2010
I. DAMAGE TO POPULATION
NO. OF AFFECTED NUMBER OF: NO. OF EVACUEES SERVED
LOCATION INSIDE EVACUATION OUTSIDE EVACUATION

DAMAGED HOUSES CASUALTIES REMARKS
MUNICIPALITIES CENTER CENTER
BRGYS. FAMILIES PERSONS
TOTALLY PARTIALLY INJURED DEAD MISSING FAMILIES PERSONS FAMILIES PERSONS
BALBALAN 14 1,176 6,115 5 200 3 21 76 200

LUBUAGAN 9 1,727 8,635 8 1,719 3 48 240 784 3,920
PASIL 14 1,586 8,076 5 160
PINUKPUK 23 6,425 39,610 64 2,176 1 10 81 Initial Relief Assistance
RIZAL 15 2,766 12,532 88 1,444 4 1 6 30 11 12 Extended by diff MDRRMC,
TABUK 42 20,726 124,354 1,593 6,823 1 308 1,320 18 56 CDRRMC PDRRMC & Phil.
Red Cross
TANUDAN 16 1,353 8,119 13 158 2
TINGLAYAN 20 1,298 7,898 6 179
TOTAL 153 37,057 215,339 1,782 13,017 11 1 375 1,692 889 4,188
II. DAMAGE TO INFRASTRUCTURE: ROADS & BRIDGES, FLOOD CONTROL, CIS & WATER, BUILDINGS, AGRICULTURE
MUN./BRGY. Gov’t. Bldgs AGRICULTURAL
NATIONAL PROVINCIAL FLOOD CIS/WATER
LOCATION ROADS/FOOT Schools, Offices, CROPS/ TOTAL
ROADS/BRIDGES ROADS/BRIDGES CONTROL SYSTEM
BRIDGES Etc LIVESTOCKS
BALBALAN 6,000,000.00 4,200,000.00 4,200,000.00 14,400,000.00
LUBUAGAN 7,500,000.00 10,850,000.00 1,500,000.00 19,850,000.00
PASIL 7,000,000.00 3,500,000.00 1,300,000.00 11,800,000.00
PINUKPUK 5,000,000.00 10,000,000.00 2,400,000.00 3,200,000.00 20,600,000.00
RIZAL 4,300,000.00 25,000,000.00 29,300,000.00
TABUK 15,000,000.00 15,000,000.00 35,000,000.00 65,000,000.00
TANUDAN 10,000,000.00 9,250,000.00 8,699,500.00 27,949,500.00
TINGLAYAN 20,000,000.00 10,000,000.00 1,500,000.00 5,000,000.00 36,500,500.00
NIA 146,000,000.00 146,000,000.00
DPWH 46,000,000.00 46,000,000.00
PEO 51,000,000.00 51,000,000.00
OAS-OPAG 3,161,550.00 3,161,550.00
PVET 2,020,000.00 2,020,000.00
DEP-ED 40,153,000.00 40,153,000.00
GRAND TOTAL 46,000,000.00 51,000,000,00 74,800,000.00 25,000,000.00 186,200,000.00 41,653,000.00 89,081,050.00 513,733,050.00

On 2011, typhoons Pedring (International Name: Nesat) and Quiel (International Name: Nalgae) have brought great damages not only to the
province of Kalinga but the entire Cordillera Region, in both socioeconomic and physical terms.
SUMMARY OF DAMAGES AND LOSSES BY PROVINCE (TYPHOONS “PEDRING” AND “QUIEL”)

(Estimated Peso Value in Php Millions)
Province Other % of
Agriculture Infrastructure Schools Total
Structure Total
Abra 20.893 0.205 - 14.4 35.49 2.05
Apayao 32.996 0.329 10.6 1.985 45.91 4.47
Benguet 143.068 19.467 34.3 4.664 201.49 19.6
Ifugao 191.079 70.027 65.02 22.807 348.93 33.94
Kalinga 98.924 9.155 49.5 2.247 159.82 15.55
Mt. Province 72.352 19.685 152.492 6.18 250.71 24.39
TOTAL 559.311 118.868 311.912 52.283 1,042.37 100
% Dist’n. 53.66 11.40 29.92 5.02 100
The biggest damages brought by both typhoons were on the agriculture sector. When typhoon Pedring hit the province of Kalinga, a
large portion of corn lands was about to be harvested while most of the palay were on their reproductive stage, and vegetables were ready
for harvesting. The agri-based towns of Tabuk, Rizal, Pinukpuk, and Tanudan suffered most in damages to rice, corn and high value crops,
including coffee.
“Pedring” has also affected a total of 4,099 families and 22,457 persons from 94 barangays while typhoon “Quiel” affected 749 families
and 2,954 persons from 17 barangays .
TYPHOON “PEDRING”AFFECTED POPULATION BY MUNICIPALITY

Region/Provincial/ AFFECTED
Municipal Barangays Families Persons
Kalinga 94 4,099 22,457
Balbalan 10 573 3,360
Lubuagan 9 308 1,752
Pasil 14 1,806 9,024
Pinukpok 23 1,022 6,325
Rizal 14 264 29
Tabuk 1 8 29
Tanudan 3 7 42
Tinglayan 20 111 647
TYPHOON “QUIEL”AFFECTED POPULATION BY MUNICIPALITY

AFFECTED
Region/Provincial/
Municipal Barangays Families Persons
Kalinga 17 749 2,954
Lubuagan 4 8 38
Pasil 1 2 13
Pinukpok 5 411 2,043
Rizal 6 327 856
Tabuk 1 1 4

CORDILLERA
RISK PROFILE G. baguio city
I. VULNERABILITY PROFILE
A. General Climactic Type
Following the modified Coronas classification, Baguio City has Type 1 climate. The dry season from November to April is affected by the
northeast monsoon (Amihan). The wet season from May to October is affected by the southwest monsoon (Habagat).
FIGURE 1: CLIMOGRAPH FOR 1970 - 2010

1000 24
22
900
20
800
18
700
16
600
14
TEMPERATURE (°C)
RAINFALL (mm)
500 12
10
400
8
300
6
200
4
100
2
0 0
j f m a m j j a s o n d
rainfall min. temp ave. temp max. temp
Source: Baguio City DRRMC
For the period 1970-2010, the average annual temperature is 19.5°C. The lowest is 18°C in January; the highest is 20.7°C in April
(Figure 1). The lowest recorded for the day was 6.8°C on January 8, 1986 (Dickerson, 1923). The highest recorded was 30.4°C on
March 15, 1988. Compared to the lowlands, Baguio temperature is generally cooler by 9°C. This natural cool climate makes the city an
ideal destination especially during the summer months. In the 1930’s, the seat of national government would be transferred during summer
from Manila to Baguio; hence the latter gained the title “Summer Capital of the Philippines” (Reed, 1976). However, recent years have not
exempted the city from temperature rise.

For period 1970-2010, the highest monthly rainfall average of 914 mm happens in August (Figure 1). The lowest monthly rainfall average of 15
mm happens in January. The annual rainfall average for the 41-year period is 3900 mm. It is commonly in Baguio which registers the highest
annual rainfall among all PAGASA synoptic stations. The rainiest month is August showing an average of 27 rainy days. The driest are January
and February, showing only 3 days with rainfall.
It is in Baguio where the highest 24-hour rainfall for the country has been consistently observed (Figure 1). The highest 24-hour rainfall of
1085.8 mm is the record highest for all PAGASA stations since 1948.
In addition to the monsoons, climate in the city -like the rest of the Philippines- is affected by the Intertropical Convergence Zone, El Niño/ La
Niña, and tropical cyclones. It is further affected by orographic lifting and subsequent formation of fog and rain clouds which bring strong rain and
winds even during the summer months (Olinares, unpublished data). ). The passage of typhoons, which happen during the Habagat, is estimated
to bring approximately 60% of the annual rainfall in the city. Of the 20 typhoons that enter the PAR in a year, an average of 9 make landfall, and
three are of typhoon level strength. (Abastillas, 2009; PAGASA, 2011). PAGASA records indicate that an average of 6 extreme typhoons enter
the PAR every year
B. Topography and Slope
Baguio is the highest City in the Philippines. Elevations range from 900 m. along the Bued River to 1600 m. at Pacdal. Majority of the slopes
(about 78% of total area) are gentle to moderately steep with slope of less than 30%. Only about 22% of city’s land area has steep slopes greater
than 30%. The distribution of slopes, in hectares and percentage terms is shown in the table below.
The topographic features of the area exhibit the rugged topography of the Cordilleras. The variety of natural landforms in the city with its pine
covering makes the city’s towering landscape interesting.
Rough mountainous lands are to be found in the northwestern part of the study area. They can also be found in the south, at the Kennon gorge.
These lands are very rough and irregular and may be best utilized for wildlife, forest, and watershed. Examples of these cliffs whose slopes
sometimes approach 100 percent are found along Asin, Tuba, Kennon, and Naguilian Roads.
Municipality of
N
La Trinidad
W E
3 1
Municipality o
5 S
ba
of Tu
SLOPE MAP
lity
icipa
2
f Itogon
4
Mun
1 0-8%
4
1 2 9-18%
5 3 19-30%
5
4 31-50%
Municipa
lity of Tub
a 5 5 >50%
DESCRIPTION SLOPE GRADE AREA (HAS.) PERCENT

Level to gently sloping 0- 8% 722 12.56
Gently sloping to undulating 9- 18% 109 1.89
Undulating to moderately steep 19- 30% 3,771 65.59
Moderately steep to steep 31- 50% 699 12.16
Very Steep >50% 448 7.80
Total 5,749 100.00

C. Soil
There are three (3) main types of soil in the study area: Bakakeng Sandy Clay Loam, Mirador Clay Loam, and Tacdian Loam. Almost half of the
study area is covered by the Bakakeng Sandy Loam, which incidentally is the second largest soil group in southern Benguet. It cuts across the
area from the north to southeast and extends eastward to Itogon. Mirador Clay Loam is found in the southwestern part of the study area. The
smallest soil group, Tacdian Loam, lies in the mid-north of the area. The physical characteristic of these soils types; their structure, consistency,
and texture per horizon can be seen in the table below.
Of the three- (3) soil types, Tacdian has the thinnest surface soil, being 5 to 10 centimeters from the surface. Cultivation of this type of soil
along steep slopes may, without adequate control of surface run-off, result to its erosion down slope. Bakakeng Sandy Clay Loam and Mirador
Clay Loam have thicker topsoil. If however, they are cultivated along steep slopes, and no adequate measures are undertaken to control slope
erosion, the topsoil will gradually be washed away by running water. This eventually exposes the subsoil, which is unproductive for plant growth.
The external drainage of these soils is of the utmost importance. The terrain where these soils are located can be best described as moderately
steep to very steep. Without adequate measures to regulate drainage’s, these soils will be excessively drained, thus resulting to massive erosion.
SOIL TYPE EXTERNAL DRAINAGE INTERNAL DRAINAGE PARENT MATERIAL SLOPE
Bakakeng Sandy Loam Good for excessive drainage Fair for drainage Igneous rock Mostly 25% and over
Mirador Sandy Loam Good for excessive drainage Poor for drainage Limestone Mostly below 25%
Tacdian Good for excessive drainage Fair for drainage Limestone Gravel Mostly below 25%
In general, soils within the city are classified as clay loam. Soil materials for embankment or fill purposes can be found in almost any place in the
area. Most of the hillsides can be tapped to yield unlimited materials for construction purposes.
D. River System
The city is criss crossed by several rivers among which are the Bued, Balili, Galiano –Camp-Asin, Naguilian Rivers and Ambalanga. The
widest river is the Bued River followed by the Balili River.
RIVER MAP
W E
SCALE: 1:50,000
0 0.5 1 1.5
LEGEND:
Rivers

cordillera risk profile baguio city
E. Drainage System
Surface water drains through the rivers; 1) to the east is the Ambalanga which follows a southeasterly to easterly course and drains into the Agno
River, 2) to the north is Balili River, which follows a general northerly course and converges with the Bauang River basin to the north-northwest,
3) to the west is the Galiano River which drains into the Aringay River; and 4) to the south is the Bued River which drains into the Patalan River
and the Lingayen Gulf.
Drainage facility at the Central Business District is through an underground drainage system along Magsaysay Avenue constructed by the
Department of Public Works and Highways and drains towards the Balili River.
DRAINAGE MAP
N
W E
SCALE: 1:50,000
1000 0 1000 meters
LEGEND:
Rivers
F. Faults
The faults, contributing for the seismic activities experienced in the BLISTT area during the crustal movement are summarized below.
Earthquake generators surrounding Baguio City
1. Segments of the Philippine Fault - extending from Laoag in the north to Mindanao in the South (1,600 Km long). The fault in
Luzon divides the mountainous Central Cordillera from the lowlands of the Central Valley Basin in the South. Three Earthquakes
occurred in 1937, 1973 and 1975 that resulted to left lateral movements of the fault. Eight similar strong earthquakes that
happened in 1893, 1902, 1922, 1924, 1937, 1941, 1947 and 1948 had their epicenters along or very near this fault zone.

2. Digdig Fault - is a branch of the Philippine Fault, extending from Dingalan Bay, and turning northwards near Santa Fe/San Quintin,
passing Baguio City at about 40 km to east. Prior to the July 16, 1990 earthquake, documented evidence reveals movement of
the digdig fault.
There were two (2) earthquakes that occurred on July 16, 1990. Initially the epicenter was located at 13 Km NNE of Cabanatuan
City or about 90 Km SSE of Baguio while the other occurred 20 Km east of Baguio. The horizontal crustal shift, along the surveyed
135 km long inferred fault rupture, exceeded 3 m, with 6.2 m as the largest displacement measured so far. Larger displacements
may have occurred in the unexplored mountain regions further northeast. The vertical displacements, measured along the surveyed
fault rupture, varied from 0 to a maximum of 1.5 m.

3. San Manuel Fault (80 km) - extending from near Lupao, Nueva Ecija up to Lingayen Gulf. It is predominantly a left lateral
strike-slip fault.
4. Tebbo Fault (70 km) – located approximately 10 km. southeast of Baguio City.
5. Tuba – west of Baguio City. Approximately 5 km away with shortest 50 km long, NW trending.
6. Local Faults
Although they are not active faults, the Mirador, San Vicente, Burnham, Loakan and Bued Faults are local faults traversing
through the built-up areas of Baguio City. Among the numerous faults intersecting the city (Mirador, San Vicente, Burnham,
Bued and Loakan faults) only the N45W trending San Vicente Fault exhibited pronounced surface manifestations, such as
landslides at the San Vicente area and displacements at the Baguio Cemetery.
These are zones of weaknesses with thicker soil cover, highly fractured rxs; where energy is released during earthquake
therefore causing amplified ground shaking.
FAULTLINE MAP
Municipality of
La Trinidad
Municipality o
ba
of Tu
f Itogon
lity
icipa
Mun
Municipa
lity of Tub
a

GEOLOGIC MAP
II. GEOLOGIC Municipality of

La Trinidad
HAZARD
The presence of several faults and
lineaments in the City is aggravated
by continuing denudation of its
Municipality o
vegetative cover resulting to soil
exposure. The remaining vegetative
cover, mostly cogon or grass
serves as replacements and can
a
only protect a thin layer of soil that

f Tub
f Itogon
are very susceptible to erosion
and downgrading process. There
o
ality
are two types of mass movement

prevailing in the city, earthquake
nicip
induced, and rain induced erosions.

Mu
Landslides occur from several

centimeters to hundreds of meters
in area dimension. It varies from soil
to rock fall where huge boulders fall
from steep slopes.
Municipa
lity of Tub
a
N
Barangay Boundary
Black Mt. a Porphyry
W E Kennon Limestone
Klondyke Formation
S Zigzag Formation
Baguio is periodically visited by earthquake. Temblors and tremors induced many of the present slides. Most
of these mass movements occur in unstable slopes while some can be attributed to ground shaking and
surface faulting and non-uniform movement of rock blocks along lines of weaknesses. Landslides are likely
to occur in faulted zones where unstable slope is dominant in the formations (Klondyke and Zigzag). The
July 16, 1990 earthquake resulted to an over abundance of landslides that caused numerous deaths and
massive destruction of properties. These losses could have been mitigated or minimized by engineering and
geologic investigation or by a hazard assessment and zonation of the City.
Rain induced mass movement occurs during heavy rains. Man-made factors are highly contributory to
this type of mass movement. The demand for housing due to a rapidly increasing population resulted to
uncontrolled land development, i.e. excavations, and settlement along unstable slopes and the dissipation
of the vegetative cover leaves the soil exposed to over saturation that ultimately results to erosion and
landslides. These natural processes led to the alteration of city’s natural drainage system. On the other
hand, the drainage system established in the developed areas is now very inadequate due to clogging.
Many spoil banks slides are attributed to the changes in the drainage system due to road and building/
house constructions. Considering Baguio’s high relief and steep slopes, water discharge travel fast and with
improper drainage this will scour road banks, residential areas with steep and unstable slopes resulting to the
weakening of base. Indiscriminate concreting of city roads has resulted in the increased volume of run-off
that caused flooding in some areas of the city.

With all these types of hazards facing the city, the Bureau of Mines and Geosciences Bureau in CAR prepared a geo hazard map considering
these various factors and classified the areas of the city into high, moderate, low landslide susceptibility. Only the central part of Baguio was
mapped covering about 30 square kilometers of land or about half of the city’s total land area. (See Table below)
Landslide Susceptibility, Baguio City

Area in
LEVEL % share Description
sq.km.
HIGH LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY AND CRITICAL AREA 5.96 20.00 Unstable areas a significant portion is affected by mass movements
HIGH LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY 17.60 59.07 Unstable areas, highly susceptible to mass movements
MODERATE LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY 5.60 18.80 Stable areas with occasional and localized mass movement
LOW LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY 0.63 2.12 Stable areas with no identified landslide
TOTAL AREAS MAPPED 29.79 100.00
Of the almost 30 hectares mapped, 60% or about 18 hectares have unstable areas while only 2 % or less than one hectare has low landslide
susceptibility. Areas with high landslide susceptibility are considered unstable areas with highly susceptible mass movements.
Part of Baguio lies atop a limestone formation, which explains the numerous sinkholes underneath some parts of the City. Sinkholes develop
when the limestone formation is dissolved as a result of weathering due to exposure to running water. According to the Bureau of Mines there
are four (4) major sinkholes in City, namely; City Camp Proper, Crystal Cave, Dominican and Green Valley. These areas are classified as high-
risk areas. The exposure of the underground streams through karst windows may result in time due to gradual caving. Primarily, the failure or
collapse of the roof or crown pillars that could induce surface ground subsidence and sinkhole formation particularly in areas above caverns
and galleries where roof/crown pillars are not strong enough may not support the overlying load.
Municipality of
La Trinidad LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY
W E
Municipality o
S
Tuba
SCALE: 1:55,000
of
f
ality
Itogon
500 0 500 meters

i ci p
un M
Barangay Boundaries
High Landslide Susceptibility
High Susceptibility and Critical Area
Low Landslide Susceptibility
Moderate Landslide Susceptibility
Municipa
lity of Tub
a

Recent mapping of the MGB –CAR last year showed that there are about 25 sinkholes (including minor ones) mapped across Baguio City.
The barangays most affected are Dontogan, Asin, Lourdes and Quezon Hill
In addition to the dangers of sinkhole where some residential areas are located, there are also some residential houses located near or on
drainage areas thereby posing hazard to lives and properties. This situation necessitates the preparation of a more detailed and exhaustive
geological underground and surface mapping of the entire city that will guide the local government prepare the necessary mitigating policies
and measures that will guide legislators and executives in their decision-making processes. Buffer zones should be provided along waterways
or residents existing therein should be required to establish mitigating measures to protect lives and properties. There is also a need for the
strict enforcement of the law on easement on waterways.
Municipality of SINKHOLES MAP

La Trinidad
N
W E
Municipality o
S
SCALE: 1:60,000
f Itogon
600 0 600 1200 meters
ba
of Tu lity
icipa
Mun
Municipa
lity of Tub
a
HISTORY OF DISASTERS IN BAGUIO CITY AND ITS IMPACT
1. YEAR 1911 a. Torrential rains for 3 days, 15 hours, July 14 – 17, 1911
b. 2,238.7 mm rainfall recorded at the Mirador Observatory
c. Extraordinary drought from October 01 to May 31, 1912
2. YEAR 1974
Tropical Cyclone Date Death Cost of Damage
Bising January 8 – 11 65
Lliang July 18 - 21 21
Susang October 8 - 12 26
Tering October 14 - 17 13
Wening October 25 - 28 23
TOTALS 148 299 Million


3. YEAR 1989
Tropical Cyclone Date Death Cost of Damage
Goring July 14 - 17 90 1.363 B
Openg September 7 -12 41 0.580 B
Rubing October 2 - 7 119 0.192 B
Tasing October 14 - 20 47 0.883 B
TOTALS 297 3 Billion

Note: Regions affected to include Baguio are CAR, NCR, I II, III, IV, V, VIII Source: Baguio City DRRMC
4. 1990 July 16 Earthquake
Aftershocks of the 1990 July 16 earthquake Ms=7.8

Impact:
DEAD – 1,666
INJURED – 3,500
Historical Seismicity of Baguio City and Vicinity

The PHIVOLCS earthquake and catalogue seismicity maps show so far, seven (7) historically and instrumentally recorded destructive earthquakes
(Intensity VII-IX in the adapted Rossi-Forel scale) have affected Baguio City for the past 356 years ( 1645-2001). These roughly translate
into a return period of at least one destructive earthquake (Intensity VII to IX) for every 50 years. In addition, there were four very destructive
earthquakes during the 356-year period for a return period of at least one very destructive earthquake (Intensity VIII to IX) for every 89 years.
In comparison, regional probabilistic seismic hazard calculations by Thenhaus (1994) yielded annual probability rates of Ms 6.4 to <7.0 (1 in
23 years), 7.0 to <7.3 (1 in 62 years), Ms <8.2 (1 in 166 years)

5. Tropical Storm “Ondoy”(September 24 - 27, 2009)
6. Super Typhoon “Pepeng”(September 30 - October 10, 2009)
Tropical storm Ondoy was quickly followed by typhoon Pepeng (Oct 2 - 10). 195 km/hr and gusts winds of up to 230 km/hr.
Baguio City received 640 mm of rain during the 12-hour period starting 8:00 am on October 8.
Track of Typhoon Pepeng from

September 30 to October 10, 2009
Typhoon PEPENG
entered the Philippine
Area of Responsibility
on 5 PM Wednesday,
September 30, 2009

2009
INCIDENTS TOTAL NUMBER OF INCIDENTS

ERODED RIPRAP 25
FALLEN TREE / IN DANGER OF FALLING 19
SOIL EROSION / LANDSLIDE 97
FLOOD 41
VEHICULAR ACCIDENT 1
CASUALTIES:
A) Deaths 1) Landslide 58
2) Accident 2
B) Missing 5
C) Injured 27
City Camp Flood Landslide at Cresencia Village

Date: 08 October 2009 Reported : 2:55 PM Date: 08 October 2009 Reported : 8:00 PM
Cause: Heavy volume of rainfall could not be contained by the drainage Cause: Heavy volume of rainfall saturated the soil Casualties: 23
Taloy Sur, Marcos Highway (Benguet) Road Cut

Date: 08 October 2009 Reported : 9:31 PM
Caused closure of the highway towards Baguio City Fallen rocks along Kennon Road - Benguet Road leading to Baguio City

Landslide at Upper Rock Quarry

Date: 09 October 2009 Reported : 6:30 AM
Landslide at Pinsao Proper Barangay Cause: Heavy volume of rainfall saturated the soil Casualties: 4
Landslide at Lower Kitma Landslide at Purok 1, Irisan

Date: 09 October 2009 Reported : 9:56 AM Date: 09 October 2009
Cause: Heavy volume of rainfall saturated the soil Casualties: 8 Cause: Heavy volume of rainfall saturated the soil Casualties: 16

DISASTER RISK ASSESSMENT BY BARANGAY
DIST. POPULATION SINK-

NO. NAME OF BARANGAY SLOPE LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTABILITY
NO. (2010 A.C.) HOLE
1 I GIBRALTAR 7,066 - 0-8%, 19-30% low, moderate, high
2 I MINES VIEW PARK 1,392 - 0-8%, 19-30% moderate, high
3 I PACDAL 5,441 - 0-8%, 19-30% low, moderate, high
4 I PUCSUSAN 676 - 0-8%, 19-30% moderate, high
-
5 I ST. JOSEPH VILLAGE 3,785 0-8%, 19-30% low, moderate, high and critical area
6 II BAL MARCOVILLE 660 - 19-30% moderate, high

-
7 II CABINET HILL-TEACHER'S CAMP 3,297 0-8%, 19-30% low, moderate
8 II D.P.S. COMPOUND 1,029 - 19-30% moderate, high

9 II ENGINEER'S HILL 7,409 - 0-8%, 19-30% low, moderate
-
10 II GREEN WATER VILLAGE 1,728 19-30% moderate, high, high and critical area
11 III GABRIELA SILANG 2,102 - 19-30% high, high and critical area
12 III HILLSIDE 1,539 - 19-30% high, high and critical area
13 III LOWER DAGSIAN 1,159 - 19-30% high
14 III SCOUT BARRIO 1,276 - 19-30% high
15 III STA. ESCOLASTICA 1,400 - 19-30% high, high and critical area
16 III UPPER DAGSIAN 637 - 19-30% high
- low, moderate, high, high and critical
17 IV B.G.H. COMPOUND 1,468 19-30%, 31-50%
area
18 IV BALSIGAN SAN LUIS 2,547 - 31-50% high, high and critical area
-
19 IV FERDINAND-CAMPO SIOCO 3,331 19-30%, 31-50% moderate, high, high and critical area
-
20 IV FIL-AM COMPOUND 2,899 31-50% moderate, high, high and critical area
21 IV IMELDA MARCOS 1,022 - 31-50% high, high and critical area

- 0-8%, 19-30%,
22 IV KISAD-LEGARDA 968 low, moderate
31-50%
-
23 IV STO. ROSARIO VALLEY 2,230 31-50% moderate, high, high and critical area
24 IX AMBIONG 2,477 - 19-30% high

25 IX BAYAN PARK VILLAGE 848 - 19-30% moderate, high
26 IX EAST BAYAN PARK 1,151 - 19-30% moderate, high
-
27 IX NORTH CENTRAL AURORA HILL 472 19-30% moderate, high
28 IX SAN ANTONIO VILLAGE 1,401 - 19-30% high

-
29 IX SOUTH CENTRAL AURORA HILL 1,142 19-30% high

WEST BAYAN PARK-LEONILA -

30 IX 1,763 19-30% moderate, high
HILL
31 V CITY CAMP CENTRAL 2,009 19-30% high, high and critical area
-
32 V CITY CAMP PROPER 2,013 19-30% moderate, high, high and critical area
-
33 V LOWER QM - 19-30% moderate, high, high and critical area
27 V LOWER ROCK QUARRY 1518 19-30% high and critical area

28 V MIDDLE ROCK QUARRY 1,251 - 19-30% high and critical area
-
29 V PALMA-URBANO 1,144 19-30% moderate, high, high and critical area
-
30 V UPPER Q.M. 2,432 0-8%, 19-30% moderate, high, high and critical area
31 V UPPER ROCK QUARRY 1,818 - 19-30% high, high and critical area
32 VI ANDRES BONIFACIO 1,226 - 19-30% high
33 VI CAMP HENRY ALLEN 2,196 - 0-8%, 19-30% moderate, high
-
34 VI CAMPO FILIPINO 1,738 19-30% moderate, high, high and critical area
35 VI FAIRVIEW 1,665 - 19-30% high

36 VI KAYANG EXTENSION 1,222 - 19-30% moderate, high
-
37 VI QUEEN OF PEACE 1,740 19-30% moderate, high, high and critical area
-
38 VI UPPER MARKET SUBDIVISION 1,035 0-8% moderate, high
39 VII CRESENCIA VILLAGE 1,504 - 19-30% moderate, high

40 VII GUISAD CENTRAL 1,919 - 19-30% high, moderate
41 VII GUISAD SURONG 1,749 - 19-30% moderate, high
42 VII LOWER MAGSAYSAY 528 - 0-8%, 19-30% moderate, high
43 VII PADRE BURGOZ 3,188 - 0-8%, 19-30% moderate, high
44 VII PADRE ZAMORA 2,257 - 0-8%, 19-30% moderate, high
-
45 VII PINSAO PILOT PROJECT 3,521 19-30% moderate, high, high and critical area
46 VII SLAUGHTER COMPOUND- 2,249 - 0-8%, 19-30% moderate, high
STO. NINO
47 VIII CAMDAS 1,401 - 19-30% moderate, high
48 VIII DIZON SUBDIVISION 1,770 - 19-30% moderate, high
49 VIII EAST QUIRINO HILL 2,102 - 19-30% high, high and critical area
-
50 VIII HAPPY HOMES-OLD LUCBAN 1,433 19-30% high, high and critical area
51 VIII LOWER QUIRINO HILL 1,932 - 19-30% high, high and critical area
52 VIII MIDDLE QUIRINO HILL 2,544 - 19-30% high, high and critical area
53 VIII PINGET 6,669 19-30% moderate, high, high and critical area
54 VIII WEST QUIRINO HILL 1,740 - 19-30% high, high and critical area
62 X HARRISON-CARANTES 291 - 0-8% low, moderate
-
63 X LOWER GENERAL LUNA 673 0-8% moderate, high and critical area
-
64 X MALCOLM SQUARE-PERFECTO 73 0-8% moderate
65 X SALUD MITRA 1,065 - 0-8%, 19-30% low

66 X SESSION ROAD- 85 - 0-8%, 19-30% low, moderate
GOVERNOR PACK ROAD
-
67 X UPPER GENERAL LUNA ROAD 941 0-8% low, moderate, high and critical area

- 0-8%, 9-18%,
68 XI COUNTRY CLUB VILLAGE 1,972 moderate, high, high and critical area
19-30%
69 XI HAPPY HOLLOW 2,157 - 19-30% high
70 XI LUALHATI 984 - 0-8%, 19-30% low, moderate, high
71 XI LUCNAB 1,866 - 19-30% high
72 XI OUTLOOK DRIVE 1,735 - 19-30% moderate, high
73 XI SOUTH DRIVE 373 - 0-8%, 19-30% moderate, high
- 0-8%, 9-18%,
74 XII ATOK TRAIL 1,516 moderate, high
19-30%, >50
75 XII FORT DEL PILAR 3,020 - 19-30%, >50 moderate, high
76 XII KIAS 5,247 - 19-30%, >51 moderate, high
- 0-8%, 19-30%,
77 XII LOAKAN PROPER 9,158 low, moderate, high
>50
78 XII LOAKAN-APUGAN 2,599 - 0-8%, 9-18% moderate, high
- 0-8%, 19-30%,
79 XII LOAKAN-LIWANAG 3316 low, moderate, high
>50
- 0-8%, 19-30%,
80 XIII CAMP 7 9,726 moderate, high
>51
81 XIII CAMP 8 2,665 - 19-30%, 31-50% high
- low, moderate, high, high and critical
82 XIII MILITARY CUT-OFF 1,786 19-30%, 31-50%
area
83 XIII PULIWES 3,658 - 19-30% high, high and critical area
84 XIII SAN VICENTE 4,574 - 19-30%, 31-50% high, high and critical area
85 XIV BAKAKENG CENTRAL 7,695 19-30%, 31-50% high, high and critical area
- 19-30%, 31-50%,
86 XIV BAKAKENG NORTE/ SUR 8,542 high, high and critical area
>50
118 XIV BROOKSIDE 1,965 - 19-30% moderate, high
119 XIV BROOKSPOINT 2,299 - 19-30% high
87 XIV DONTOGAN 4,579 19-30%, 31-50% high, high and critical area
-
120 XIV EAST MODERN SITE-GIL PUYAT 3,020 19-30% moderate, high
121 XIV LOPEZ JAENA 1,370 - 19-30% moderate, high

122 XIV MALVAR SGT. FORESCA - - 19-30% high
88 XIV STO. TOMAS SCHOOL AREA 1,109 - 19-30%, 31-50% high
89 XIV STO.TOMAS PROPER 5,640 19-30%, 31-50% high, high and critical area
123 XIV WEST MODERN SITE 1,137 - 19-30% high
19-30%, 31-50%,
90 XV ASIN 11,454 high, high and critical area
>50
91 XV DOMINICAN MIRADOR 4,035 19-30%, 31-50% high, high and critical area
LOURDES SUBDIVISION EXTEN-
92 XV 1,093 19-30% high and critical area
SION
93 XV LOURDES PROPER 788 - 19-30% high and critical area
94 XV LOWER LOURDES 192 - 19-30% high and critical area
95 XV SAN LUIS VILLAGE 7,199 - 19-30% high, high and critical area
96 XV SAN ROQUE VILLAGE 700 19-30% high, high and critical area
97 XVI IRISAN 28,357 19-30% moderate, high, high and critical area
98 XVI MIDDLE QUEZON HILL 3,388 19-30% high and critical area
-
99 XVI PINSAO PROPER 5,257 19-30% moderate, high, high and critical area
100 XVI QUEZON HILL PROPER 1,200 19-30% high, high and critical area
101 XVI UPPER QUEZON HILL 2,344 19-30% high, high and critical area

102 XVI VICTORIA VILLAGE 2,984 - 19-30% high and critical area
103 XVII ALFONSO TABORA 1,462 - 19-30% high
-
104 XVII MAGSAYSAY PRIVATE ROAD 1,065 19-30% moderate, high
105 XVII NEW LUCBAN 2,286 - 19-30% high, high and critical area
106 XVII NORTH SANITARY CAMP 2,668 - 19-30% high, high and critical area
107 XVII SOUTH SANITARY CAMP 1,473 - 19-30% high
108 XVII TRANCOVILLE 2,197 - 19-30% high
-
109 XVIII ABCR 986 0-8%, 19-30% moderate, high, high and critical area
110 XVIII AZCKO 515 - 0-8%, 19-30% low, moderate

111 XVIII BAGONG LIPUNAN 10 - 0-8% low, moderate
112 XVIII KABAYANIHAN 141 - 0-8% moderate
113 XVIII KAGITINGAN 471 - 0-8% moderate
114 XVIII KAYANG-HILLTOP 1,136 - 0-8% moderate, high
115 XVIII RIZAL MONUMENT 68 - 19-30% low, moderate
-
116 XVIII TEODORA ALONZO 1,201 0-8%, 19-30% moderate, high, high and critical area
117 XVIII UPPER MAGSAYSAY 104 - 0-8% moderate, high
-
124 XX HOLY GHOST EXTENSION 2,993 0-8%, 19-30% low, moderate, high and critical area
-
125 XX HOLY GHOST HILL PROPER 2,046 0-8%, 19-30% low, moderate, high and critical area
126 XX HONEYMOON 3,314 - 0-8%, 19-30% high, high and critical area
-
127 XX IMELDA VILLAGE 1,314 0-8%, 19-30% low, moderate, high and critical area
-
128 XX MANUEL ROXAS 716 0-8% moderate, high and critical area

ANNEXES

SUMMARY OF TYPHOONS THAT AFFECTED THE CORDILLERA ADMINISTRATIVE REGION FROM YEARS 2007 TO 2012
TYPHOONS 2007
DAMAGES TO PROPERTIES
AFFECTED POPULA- EVACUATED
AFFECTED AREAS CASUALTIES DAMAGED HOUSES ASSISTANCE
DATE TYPHOON TION POPULATION
(PhP MILLION) EXTENDED
PROV MUN CITY BRGYS DEAD INJ MIS FAM PERSON FAM IND TOTALLY PARTIALLY AGRI INFRA TOTAL
Aug. 07-12 2007 Chedeng 4 6 1 0 4 0 0 1,733 7,688 3 20 10 28 2.466M 35.37M 37.838M 184,829.59M
Aug. 13-18 2007 Egay 2 3 1 2 0 0 0 200 1,107 0 0 0 0 1.098 M 46.903.5 48,001,500M ---------------
Sept. 28- Oct 2,

Hannah 3 2 1 3 10 1 0 868 4,709 0 0 2 12 2M 17.87M 19.87M 138,550.00T
2007
Oct 2-6, 2007 Ineng 6 3 1 5 2 0 0 8 35 0 0 0 3 - - - -
Nov.4-9, 2007 Kabayan 6 2 1 2 2 0 0 3,489 18,715 0 0 18 217 92.076.550 35.135 35.135.92M 119,980.00 T
Nov.23-29,2007 Mina 6 27 10 2 24,453 141,026 223 1,388 197 1,013 148.82 389.98 538.8 M 3,514,387.10 M
TOTAL 45 11 2 30,751 173,280 226 1408 227 1273 246,460,550 525,258,500 679,645,420 188,602,507
Source: OCD-CAR database
TYPHOONS 2008
AFFECTED EVACUATED DAMAGES TO PROPERTIES
AFFECTED AREAS CASUALTIES DAMAGED HOUSES ASSISTANCE
DATE TYPHOON POPULATION POPULATION (PhP MILLION)
EXTENDED
May 16-23, 2008 Cosme 6 3 1 3 4 7 0 2,334 9,995 77 385 44 262 39.194M 147.007M 186.201M 207,310.00 T
July 14-18, 2008 Helen 5 2 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ------ ------ ------ -------
July 24-26, 2008 Igme 6 1 1 2 4 2 0 1,450 6,657 172 860 7 3 2.181M 66.730M 68.911M 162,850.00 T
Aug. 4-7, 2008 Julian 2 2 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ------- 14.795M 14.795M 14,200 T
Aug 19-22, 2008 Karen 6 0 0 0 9 8 4 15,595 84,553 274 1,166 20 953 143.121M 193.105M 336.226M 444,603.40
Sept. 21-23, 2008 Nina 6 7 0 7 11 30 0 559 2,726 212 1.059 66 57 37.404M 76.87M 114.274M ---------
TOTAL 30 48 4 19,938 103,931 735 3470 137 1275 221,900,000 498,507,000 720,407,000 828,963.40

TYPHOONS 2009
EVACUATED DAMAGES TO PROPERTIES
AFFECTED AREAS CASUALTIES AFFECTED POPULATION DAMAGED HOUSES ASSISTANCE
DATE TYPHOON POPULATION (PhP MILLION)
EXTENDED
May 6-29, 2009 Emong 5 3 1 0 16 17 0 1,577 9,053 0 0 68 287 88.41M 274.88M 363.29M 1,056,855.00
August – Sept 1,
KIKO 6 0 1 7 17 11 1 76 329 0 0 5 58 43.136M 71.75M 114.886M 211,389.80 T
2009
Sept 26-28, 2009 Ondoy 4 1 1 3 4 3 0 0 0 1 0 -------- 41.377 41.377
Oct 3-8, 3009 Pepeng 5 65 1 754 317 180 11 89,957 435,562 71,750 349,602 1,164 6,262 851.718T 2,278.371B 3,230.089B 27,811,235.81 M
TOTAL 354 211 12 91,610 444,944 71,750 349,602 1,238 6,607 131,546,852 2,553,251,041 3,708,265,041 29,079,480.61
TYPHOONS 2010
EVACUATED POPULA- DAMAGES TO PROPERTIES
DATE TYPHOON TION (PhP MILLION)
EXTENDED
Nov.9, 2010 Juan 6 67 2 707 6 25 0 66,540 357,476 7,312 32,146 2,048 11,899 791.4615M 613.736M 1,405,1975
TYPHOONS 2011
EVACUATED POPULA- DAMAGES TO PROPERTIES
DATE TYPHOON TION (PhP MILLION) EXTENDED
May 24-28,
Chedeng 4 0 1 0 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 --------- 492M 492M 300,000.00
2011
July 26-29, 2011 Juaning 4 4 1 0 5 0 0 578 3,435 1 7 2 31 15.55M 13T 28.59M -------
Aug.21-29, 2011 Mina 5 48 1 355 16 17 2 11,517 56,410 627 2,869 40 764 448.70M 252.17M 700.87M 1.692M

Sept 24-29,
Pedring 6 49 2 256 5 22 2 8,493 44,381 67 298 143 2,156
2011
Sept.29-Oct.4,
Quiel 6 14 1 39 1 6 0 896 3,412 30 147 34 298 857.274M 492.136M 1.349.41M 2.997M
2011
TOTAL 30 46 4 21484 107638 725 3321 219 3249 1,321,524,000 1,236,319,000 1,222,809,410 4,989,000.00
TYPHOONS 2012
EVACUATED POPU- DAMAGES TO PROPERTIES
DATE TYPHOON LATION (PhP MILLION) EXTENDED
June 14-21,
TS Butchoy 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - - - -
2012
June 27-29,
TS Dindo 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - - - -
2012
July 20-22, 2010 TD Ferdie 6 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - - - -
July 28-31, 2012 Gener 6 23 2 123 5 5 0 2,234 8,739 598 3,027 17 137 33.86 M 93.46 M 127.30 M 689,151.33 T
Aug.13-18,2012 Helen 8 18 1 50 3 1 0 617 1,765 265 858 5 17 34.67 84.48 M 119.15 M 125,000.00 T
Sept 23-27,
Lawin 6 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - - - -
2012
Oct 3-4, 2012 TS Marce 4 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - - - -
Oct .25, 2012 TS Ofel 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - - - -
Dec.2-9, 2012 Pablo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - - - -
TOTAL 8 6 0 2851 10504 863 3885 22 154 68,530,000 177,940,000 246,450,000 814,151.33

VEHICULAR ACCIDENTS IN THE CORDILLERA ADMINISTRATIVE REGION THAT WERE MONITORED FROM 2006 - 2012
2012
FREQUENCY OF CASUALTIES
PLACE OF INCIDENTS
INCIDENTS DEAD INJURED
(Baguio City) BGH Flyover, Camp Johnhay
Abano Ext, Suello Village
9 1 44
Guisad, Camp 7, Rimando Rd,
Bokawkan Rd & Sunshine Park
(Benguet) Mankayan, Kapangan, Tuba,
Atok, Ambuklao, Palina, Km. 4, 9 6 91
Taloy Sur, Halsema Highway
( Apayao) Poblacion 1 0 1
(Abra) San Quintin & Dolores 2 1 26
( Kalinga) Tinglayan, Tabuk & Pasil 3 7 30
(Mt. Province) Tadian, Natonin & Samoki 3 0 20
TOTAL 27 15 212
2011
PLACE OF INCIDENTS
(Baguio City) Asin Road& Magsaysay 4 1 37
(Benguet) Tuba, Sablan and Atok, 5 6 22
(Mt. Province) Besao 1 2 3
(Kalinga) Tabuk City 1 0 17
TOTAL 11 9 79
2010
PLACE OF INCIDENTS
( Marcos Highway) Taloy Sur and Tuba 5 0 34
Camp 7, Kennon Road
(Baguio City) Magsaysay Avenue and Irisan 4 0 6
(Benguet) Ambuklao, Itogon,
8 6 75
Buguias, Tublay & Sablan
( Ifugao) Kiangan 1 0 22
(Mt. Province) Sagada, Bontoc, Besao & Barlig 4 15 49
TOTAL 24 33 235
2009
PLACE OF INCIDENTS
(Baguio City) Loakan Rd & Badiwan Marcos Highway 2 1 30
(Benguet) Tublay 1 32 0
(Kalinga) Tabuk City and Tinglayan 2 4 43
(Mt. Province) Samoki, Bontoc and Natonin 3 2 76
(Ifugao) Diadi and Vizcaya 1 8 19
TOTAL 9 47 168

2008
PLACE OF INCIDENTS
(Marcos Highway) Badiwan, Taloy Sur & Poblacion 4 0 24
(Kennod Road) Camp 1 & Camp 8 3 0 10
(Baguio City) Bokawkan Rd, Quezon Hill, Scout
6 0 36
Barrio & Govt. Pack Rd
(Benguet) Puguis, Poblacion, Tuba, Atok,
15 8 38
Bugias, Ambuklao, Tublay,Itogon
( Mt. Province) Bontoc 4 2 78
TOTAL 34 14 229
2007
PLACE OF INCIDENTS
( Abra) Pidigan 1 0 14
(Apayao) Conner 0 1 26
(Baguio City) Kennon Rd, Irisan & Camp 7 3 0 24
(Benguet) Sto. Tomas, Tuba, Km 30, Km 27,
12 8 130
Halsema Highway,Tublay,Bokod
( Mt. Province) Sagada, Sabangan, Talubin 1 10 9
(Kalinga) Tanudan 3 9 39
TOTAL 34 14 242
2006
FREQUENCY OF INCI- CASUALTIES
PLACE OF INCIDENTS
DENTS DEAD INJURED
(Abra) Luba 1 1 5
(Baguio City) Bokawkan, Green Valley, Abanao
13 7 51
Rimando, Kennon Rd & Naguillan
(Benguet) Sablan, Kabayan, Tuba, Buguias,
13 14 132
Bokod, Ambuklao, Halsema Hway
(Kalinga) Tanudan, Pinukpuk, Kalinga Rd 5 6 20
(Mt. Province) Barlig, Besao, Natonin 5 6 20
TOTAL 37 34 228


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cordillera

“ENHANCING DISASTER RESILIENCE

III. DRRM Challenges and Gaps 18

VII. Monitoring and Evaluation 43

2 Cordillera Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan

DIR. ANDREW ALEX H. UY

DR. JULIUS CAESAR V. SICAT

DIR. JOHN M. CASTAÑEDA, CESO III

DIR. LEONARDO C. REYNOSO

DIR. MILAGROS A. RIMANDO, CESO II

4 Cordillera Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan

REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

Again, my congratulations and all the best on your succeeding endeavors.

Cordillera Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan 5

REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

USEC EDUARDO D. DEL ROSARIO

6 Cordillera Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan

REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

Indeed we are enhancing disaster resilience though partnerships.

Cordillera Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan 7

8 Cordillera Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan

“Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Information

Cordillera Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan 9

10 Cordillera Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan

Cordillera Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan 11

Cordillera Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan 13

I. PROFILE OF THE CORDILLERA

Cordillera Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan 15

Regional Director, OCD

BFP CAAP CHED CFSI DA DAR DBM

DENR DepED DOH DOLE DOT DOTC DPWH

DTI HUDCC HLURB GSIS LCP LMP LPP

NAPOLCOM NAPC NBI NCIP NFA NHA NIA

NOLCOM NPC NSCB NTC PHILHEALTH PHIVOLCS PIA

PICE PNP POPCOM PRC SSS TESDA ULAP

16 Cordillera Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan

b. Functions and Responsibilities of the RDRRMC

Cordillera Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan 17

18 Cordillera Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan

Provide strategic guidance to local DRRMC activities during the actual

The Cordillera RDRRMP recognizes the combination of issues and

An Operational Timelines for Response and Rehabilitation and Recovery

Cordillera Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan 19

DISASTER PREVENTION AND

1. Organize and manage multi stakeholders dialogues

20 Cordillera Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan

1. Formulate system procedure to activate the response action teams

1. Provide technical assistance in mainstreaming DRR in social,

Cordillera Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan 21

22 Cordillera Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan

1. The 1990 Luzon Earthquake

Cordillera Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan 23

Notable experiences are the following:

a. The Byron Bus Accident in 2005

b. The Eso Nice Bus Accident in 2010

(Source: Bureau of Agricultural Statistics, National Statistical Coordination Board)

Per Capita Poverty Incidence

(Source: National Statistical Coordination Board)

24 Cordillera Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan

Cordillera Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan 25

• Slow adoption of good practices in DRRM.

• Non-convergence of efforts towards DRRM.

• Delayed implementation of rehabilitation and recovery projects.

26 Cordillera Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan

• Limited financing of LGUs to support DRRM-related project and activities.

• Mainstreaming of DRR/CCA to local plans is ongoing.