Yongho Sohn, Ph.D.

Professor, Dept. Materials Science and Engineering

Associate Director, Materials Characterization Facility
Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center
University of Central Florida

Bronze Age

Stone Age Information Semiconductor Age Iron/Steel Age

Interdisciplinary !!!

Understanding and applying the properties of matter to various areas of science and engineering.

Investigating the relationship between the structure of materials at atomic or molecular scales and their properties.

Development of innovative processing and manufacturing techniques.

Which Carbon Would You Like?

Stronger and Lighter Materials Smaller (Nano!) and Functional Energy Production and Storage Electronics and Optics Biology Inspired and Compatible Infrastructure Materials Characterization Failure Analysis Computational Simulations And much much more. Because of New Materials Enable New Technology

Ballistic Resistance

Smart Materials

Lasers

Memory Storage

Enemy of Superheroes

Drug Delivery (not CVS)

BF OM

80 m

Alumimum Oxide (Al2O3) Of The Same Chemistry But Varying Processing

Variation in Optical Properties by Varying Processing Routes

Extreme Size and Speed

Fabrication and Functioning at Micro (m) and Nano (nm) Scale. m: 1/100th the Thickness of Human Hair nm: 1/1000th of m. Photolithography in Integrated Circuits (Precision Patterning of Conduction Lines): Nano-Scale Films. Wires Separated by 100 m. Geometry of Wire 0.2 m x 0.1 m. Gate Oxide Thickness 0.12 nm.

Speed of Rotating Hard Disk: 80 mph. Distance Between Disk and Head: 7 nm. Tolerable Accuracy of Head Movement: 100 nm.

(111) (001)

RAMAC 1956 5MB Storage 2 kbits/in2 50 x 24 in dia 70 KB/sec

Several Years Back 1GB Storage 15 GB/in2 1 x 1 in dia > 100 MB/sec

(111)

(001)

Up to 50,000 RPM. Gas Temperature of ~1600C. Component Temperature of ~1200C. Up To 40 Atmospheric Pressure. Thermo-Mechanical Fatigue. Wear Up To 100,000 Hours of Operation. 100 Gallons of Water per Minute. Flying Turkey (or Two).

Extreme Temperature and Stress

High Tech Ceramic Tiles to Withstand the Extreme Temperature (~1500C) and Thermal Shock During Re-entry of Space Shuttle. Lightweight Heat-resistant Ceramic Coatings: Highly Porous (for Good Insulation) and Made From Silica Glass Fiber which is Strong and Thermal Shock Resistant. Silica Glass Consists of Amorphous (i.e. non-crystalline) Silicon Dioxide (SiO2), a Material which Has a Very Low Coefcient of Thermal Expansion and, Therefore, Excellent Thermal Shock Resistance. Without Such a Material, the Reusable Shuttle would not be Possible.

Extremely Corrosive Environments

Corrosion: 60 Billion Dollar Problem in the U.S. (Infrastructure and Transportation) Seawater = 3.5% NaCl Human Body = 0.1 NaCl (P.H.=7.6) but at 37C Corrosion in the Bible?

Romans 8:20-22; Genesis 3:19; Isaiah 38:17; Peter 2:12; Psalm 53:1; Matthew 7:17,18; Cor. 15: 21-22; Matthew 6:19-21; Rev. 21: 4; Cor 15:51

Stem: Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Interference Fit: CoCrMo Alloy Femoral Head (Ball) for Enhanced Wear Resistance. Hip Socket: Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE). All of these materials have excellent corrosion resistance, high strength, and biocompatability.

Extreme Irradiation: Nuclear Fuels For Next Generation Reactors

l Fuel swells during irradiation and contacts the cladding. l Interdiffusion between the fuel and cladding alloy constituents results in the formation of reaction zones undesired for optimum performance and safety of fuels.

Extreme Functionality and Imaging

Very small gears and engines can be made on a silicon wafer with a high degree of precision.

A micromirror which can be folded up and down with a micro-engine.

This sensor uses electrochemical and photonic properties to perform bioanalysis.

Lattice Images via TEM

Atoms Probed by AFM/STM

Steel (Fe-C) Spring of The Same Chemistry but Varying Processing

Which Microstructure is Ideal for Spring Application? Pearlite

Martensite Spheroidite

Materials and Surface Modication for Space Shuttle Re-Entry

Temperature Proles Materials/Surface Modication

Microscopy and Spectroscopy

Atomic, Molecular, Nano, & Micro

Mechanical, Electrical, Biological, Optical, Thermal, Magnetic, etc.

Self-Assembly, Deposition, Consolidation, Casting, Forming, Machining, etc.

Socio-economics, Safety, Durability, Recycling, etc.

Materials Science and Engineering: Materials Classication - General

Metals: Good conductors of heat and electricity Pure element or alloyed (mixed) Tough (strong) and deformable Non-localized electrons (electron clouds) of metallic bond Ceramics: Compound between a metal and a non-metal Insulator of heat and electricity Oxides, Nitrides, Carbides, Cements, Glasses Hard but brittle Polymers: Plastics and rubber Large molecular structure Organic Compound based on C, H, etc. Soft, exible, light but can be hard and brittle

Materials Science and Engineering: Materials Classication - General

Composites: Combination of Above Materials Metals, Alloys, Ceramics, Polymers Semi-Conductors: Between Conductor and Insulator Integrated Circuits Si, GaAs, etc.

Materials Science and Engineering: Properties

Mechanical: Youngs Modulus, Fracture Toughness, Tensile (Yield) Strength, Ultimate Tensile Strength, Hardness Electrical: Conductivity, Resistivity, Dielectric Constant Thermal: Heat Capacity, Thermal Expansion, Thermal Conductivity Magnetic: Diamagnetic, Paramagnetic, Ferromagnetic Optical: Reectivity, Refraction Index, Absorption, Transmission, Color Deteriorative/Chemical: Oxidation, Corrosion, Irradiation Others: Fatigue, Creep, etc.

Materials Science and Engineering: Materials Classication and Properties - General

Materials Science and Engineering: Materials Classication and Properties - General

Materials Science and Engineering: Materials Classication and Properties - General

Materials Science and Engineering: Materials Classication and Properties - General

Materials Science and Engineering: Materials Classication and Properties - General

Materials Science and Engineering Important Units and Numbers See Inside of Front and Back Cover of Your Textbook Carefully. Knowledge of Constants and Conversions Comes in Handy in Many Ways.

Mastery of Materials Defines Human History. What Will You Discover and Develop? Stone Age > Bronze Age > Iron Age > Information (Semiconductor) Age > ?? New BSMSE Planned for 2014 based on Top-30 Ranked Graduate Program (by the US National Research Council). Areas of Study and Careers Stronger and Lighter Materials Smaller (Nano!) and Functional Energy Production and Storage Electronics and Optics Biology Inspired and Compatible Infrastructure Materials Characterization Failure Analysis Computational Simulations

Microscopy and Spectroscopy

Atomic, Molecular, Nano, & Micro Mechanical, Electrical, Biological, Optical, Thermal, Magnetic.

Self-Assembly, Deposition, Consolidation, Casting, Forming, Machining.

Socio-economics, Safety, Durability, Recycling.