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Learning Objectives
After completing this lesson, you should be able to: Define word parts used to build terms related to the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system. Define terms used to describe the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system. Build terms using word parts describing the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system. Pronounce and spell terms related to the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system. Recognize and use the word parts and terms used to describe the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system.
ReviewSuffix, Prefix, and Combining Forms Venul/o venule Capilarr/o capillary Artri/o, arter/o artery Aort/o aorta Phleb/o, ven/o vein Cardi/o heart Epi- - above Atri/o atrium Myocardi/o myocardium a- without dys- - abnormal peri- - surrounding -um structure, tissue, thing Pulmon/o lung -ary pertaining to Coron/o heart Arterial/o arteriole Ventricu/o ventricles Endo- - within My/o muscle Pre- - before Electr/o electricity -graph instrument for recording Rrhythm/o rhythm -ia condition
Systemic Circulation
Blood leaves the heart through the aorta (aort/o), flowing into the conducting arteries (arteri/o, arter/o), then into the smaller arterioles (arteriol/o), and finally into the delicate capillaries (capillar/o). The exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and wastes occurs at the capillary level. Blood returning to the heart flows through tiny venules (venul/o), and then into veins (phleb/o=vein, ven/o), and finally into either of the two largest veinsthe superior or inferior venae cavae (sing., vena cava).
The tissue walls between the chambers are called septa (sing., septum [sept/o]).
The layers of the heart wall include: The endocardium (endo-=within, cardi/o=heart, -um=structure, tissue): Thin tissue that lines each chamber and valve. The myocardium (myocardi/o [my/o=muscle)]: Cardiac muscle surrounding each chamber. The pericardium (peri-=surrounding, cardi/o=heart, -um=structure, tissue): Double-folded layer of connective tissue that surrounds the heart. The epicardium (epi-=above, cardi/o=heart, -um=structure, tissue): The outer pericardium. The precordium (pre-= before) : The area of the chest wall anterior to the heart.
Summary
This lesson presented the medical terms used to describe the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system. Terms used to describe the systemic, pulmonary, and cardiac circulation were explained. Click the Take Test button to begin the test.