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Flowsheeting
Flowsheeting
Flowsheeting
Workshop
In evaporation, a solution consisting of a non-volatile solute and a volatile solvent is concentrated by the addition of heat. In multiple effect evaporation, the volatile solvent recovered from the first evaporator is condensed and used as a heat source for the next evaporator. This means that the second evaporator must operate at a lower temperature and pressure than the first evaporator. In this module you will simulate a series of three evaporators to concentrate a solution of sucrose/water. Each evaporator is modelled using a flash tank. You will convert the completed simulation to a template, making it available to connect to other simulations. On the next page, a Process Overview is shown. This represents the actual process. On the third page a Simulation PFD is shown. This represents the simulation as you will build it in this module. Building the simulation in this way allows more flexibility in the design.
Learning Objectives
Once you have completed this section, you will be able to:
Add and connect operations to build a Flowsheet Add and use logical operations, Sets and Adjusts Use the graphical interface to manipulate flowsheets in HYSYS Understand information propagation in HYSYS Convert HYSYS flowsheet to templates
Prerequisites
Before beginning this section you need to know how to:
Process Overview
Simulation PFD
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1. 2.
Start a New Case and add a Fluid Package. Use Wilson/Ideal as the Property Package with the components Sucrose and H2O.
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3.
Move to the Binary Coefficients page. Notice that the interaction parameters for Aij and Bij are empty.
The program warns you that the binary coefficients have not been determined and the model will assume values of zero. Answer OK to this message. Enter the Simulation Environment. 4. Add a stream with the following values. Enter
Feed 0 101.3 kPa (14.7 psia) 50 kg/h (110 lb/hr) 0.3 0.7
In this cell
Name Note that the composition values for this stream are in Mass fractions. Double-click on the Mass Flow cell to enter these values. Vapour Fraction Pressure Flowrate Mass Fraction Surcose Mass Fraction Water
5.
In this cell
Name Vapour Fraction Pressure Mass fraction H2O
What is the temperature of stream Feed? __________ What is the temperature of stream Steam? __________
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Do this
Select Add Operation from the Flowsheet menu. Or Press the <F12> hot key. The UnitOps window displays.
Workbook
Open the Workbook and go to the UnitOps page, then click the Add UnitOp button. The UnitOps window displays.
Object Palette
Select Object Palette from the Flowsheet menu or press <F4> to open the Object Palette and double click the icon of the Unit Operation you want to add. Using the right mouse button, dragndrop the icon from the Object Palette to the PFD.
PFD/Object Palette
A series of three evaporators modelled as flash tanks (2 Phase separators) Three coolers
In this exercise, you will add each operation using a different method of installation.
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Adding a Separator
The Evaporator is modelled using a Separator in HYSYS. The Separator will be added using the <F12> hot key. 1. Press the <F12> hot key. The UnitOps window displays:
2. 3. 4.
Select Separator from the Available Unit Operations list. Press the Add button. The Separator property view displays. On the Connections page enter the data as shown here:
Note: Drop down boxes, such as for Feed and Product streams, contain lists of available streams which can be connected to the operation.
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Adding a Cooler
Add the first Cooler using the same method. 1. 2. Press the <F12> hot key The UnitOps window displays. Click the Category Heat Transfer Equipment and select Cooler.
3. 4.
Press the Add button. The Cooler property view displays. On the Connections page enter the information as shown below:
5.
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6.
7. 8.
Go to the Worksheet tab. Specify a Vapour Fraction of 0 for the stream Condensate.
To completely define the separation we need to provide an energy flow. 9. On the Worksheet tab, enter a value of 2.42e4 kJ/h (2.29e4 Btu/hr) for the Energy stream q1. What is the flowrate of Water in the stream L1? __________ What is the temperature of the stream V1? __________ What is the mass flow of steam through the Cooler? __________
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7. 8.
On the Parameters page specify a Pressure Drop of 0 kPa (0 psi). Go to the Worksheet tab and specify the Vapour Fraction of the stream C2 as 0. Close this view.
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2.
Double click the Separator button on the Object Palette. The Separator property view displays.
Separator button
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3.
4.
On the Parameters page, delete the pressure drop specification. The Separator should become unsolved; Unknown Delta P .
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Add a Set operation by double-clicking on the Set icon in the object palette. Complete the Connections page as shown here:
3.
Go to the Parameters tab. Complete the view as shown below, if using field units the value for the offset will be -5 oF:
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3.
There are two ways to connect the operation to a stream on the PFD: To connect using the
Attach Mode toggle button Insert Icon
Do this
Press the Attach Mode toggle button. Place the cursor over the operation. The Feed stream connection point is highlighted in dark blue. Move the cursor over the stream you want to connect. Press and hold the left mouse button. Move the cursor to the operation icon and release the mouse button.
<Ctrl> key
Press and hold the <Ctrl> key and pass the cursor over the operation. Place the cursor over the stream you want to connect. Press and hold the left mouse button. Move the cursor to the operation icon and release the mouse button and the <Ctrl> key.
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4.
Double click on the Cooler icon on the PFD. The Cooler property view displays. Enter the data shown below:
5. 6.
On the Parameters page specify a Pressure Drop of 0 kPa (0 psi). Go to the Worksheet tab and specify the Vapour Fraction of the stream C3 as 0. Close this view.
3.
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Set Operation
1. Add a Set operation and complete the Connections page as shown here:
2.
On the Parameters tab enter a value of 3 C (-5F) as the Offset, and 1.000 for the Multiplier.
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Add an Adjust
The Adjust operation is a Logical Operation - a mathematical operation rather than a physical operation. It will vary the value of one stream variable (the independent variable) to meet a required value or specification (the dependant variable) in another stream or operation.
What is the weight percent of Water in stream L3? __________ It is desired to reach 15 weight% water in stream L3. The only parameter we have to manipulate this variable is the energy supplied to the first Effect. To meet a target concentration in L3 we can use an Adjust operation.
Adjust button
1. 2. 3.
Add the Adjust operation. The Adjust property view displays. Press the Select Var button in the Adjusted Variable group to open the Variable Navigator. From the Object list select q1. From the Variable list which is now visible, select Heat Flow.
Always work left to right in the Variable Navigator. Dont forget you can use the Object Filter when the Object list is large.
4. 5.
Press the OK cell to accept the variable and return to the Adjust property view. Press the Select Var button in the Target Variable group.
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6. 7.
Select L3 and Comp Mass Frac (H2O) as the target variable. On the Connections page, enter a value of 0.15 in the Specified Target Value box.
When adjusting certain variables, it is often a good idea to provide a minimum or maximum which corresponds to a physical boundary, such as zero for pressure or flow.
8.
Switch to the Parameters tab, and enter 2000 kJ/h (1900 Btu/hr) as the Step Size.
Note the Tolerance and Step Size values. When considering step sizes, use larger rather than smaller sizes. The Secant method works best once the solution has been bracketed and by using a larger step size, you are more likely to bracket the solution quickly.
9.
Press the Start button to begin calculations. Note: once the case is solved (OK status), this button will disappear from the property view. To view the progress of the Adjust, go to the Monitor tab.
10.
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What is the energy required to achieve a concentration of 85 wt% of sucrose in the product stream? __________ If you enter a step size too large for the energy HYSYS will not calculate because all the liquid has been flashed. You need to decrease the step size, enter a new value for q1 and restart the simulation. Note that HYSYS does not predict the formation of solids; this will have to be verified separately.
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Object...
Unit Operations
Streams
Workbook Tables
Text Annotations
Stream Line
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Customize the PFD by performing the following: 1. 2. 3. Add a Title, Triple Effect Evaporator. Add a Workbook Table for the Material Streams in the simulation. Add a Table for stream L3.
Double clicking on a title with a "+" sign will open an expanded menu.
5. 6.
Click OK. A new page, Cooler, containing only Cooler information is added to the WorkBook. Press the Close button to exit the Setup view.
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Open the PFD. Select the Separator Effect 1. Object Inspect the Unit Operation. Select Show Table from the menu. The Vessel Temperature, Pressure, Liquid Molar Flow, and Duty are shown as defaults in the table. Object Inspect the table and insert the Vapour Mass Flow. Create two tables for the streams Feed and L3 showing the Component Mass Fraction of Sucrose and the Mass Flow.
6.
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Provide the mechanism by which two or more cases can be linked together Can employ a different property package than the main case to which it is attached Provide a convenient method for breaking large simulations into smaller, easily managed components Can be created once and then installed in multiple cases
Before you convert a case to a template, it needs to be made generic so it can be used with gas plants of various flowrates. 1. 2. Delete the Flow and Composition of stream Feed. Choose Main Properties from the Simulation menu.
Note that once a case has been saved as a template, it can not be re-converted back into a normal simulation case.
3. 4. 5. 6.
Press the Convert to Template button. Press Yes to convert the simulation case to a template. Answer No to the question Do you want to save the simulation case. Save the template as 3-Effect-Evap.tpl.
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