Introduction To MSC - Patran Exercises

MSC.
Software Corporation
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Introduction to MSC.Patran
PAT301 Workbook
October 2003
Copyright 2000 MSC.Software Part Number: P3*V2004*Z*Z*Z*SM-PAT301-WBK
DISCLAIMER
MSC.Software Corporation reserves the right to make changes in specifications and other information contained in this document without prior notice. The concepts, methods, and examples presented in this text are for illustrative and educational purposes only, and are not intended to be exhaustive or to apply to any particular engineering problem or design. MSC.Software Corporation assumes no liability or responsibility to any person or company for direct or indirect damages resulting from the use of any information contained herein. User Documentation: Copyright 2003 MSC.Software Corporation. Printed in U.S.A. All Rights Reserved. This notice shall be marked on any reproduction of this documentation, in whole or in part. Any reproduction or distribution of this document, in whole or in part, without the prior written consent of MSC.Software Corporation is prohibited. MSC and MSC. are registered trademarks and service marks of MSC.Software Corporation. NASTRAN is a registered trademark of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. MSC.Nastran is an enhanced proprietary version developed and maintained by MSC.Software Corporation. MSC.Patran is a trademark of MSC.Software Corporation. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
Copyright 2000 MSC.Software
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Workshop 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0 17.0 18.0 19.0 20.0 Page
Piston Head Analysis.1-1 Cantilevered Plate2-1 Frame Model Creation Using Curves, And Analysis....3-1 Mid-Surface Extraction Example..........4-1 Frame Surfaces Cretion....5-1 Frame Surfaces Model Analysis....... 6-1 Parasolid Solid Example...... 7-1 Various Methods of Solid Meshing..8-1 Anchor Geometry Creation..... 9-1 Tetmeshing Anchor Geometry and Verifying Mesh Quality. 10-1 Anchor Loads and Boundary Conditions Using a Field.... 11-1 Cantilevered Beam Using 1D or 2D Elements, and Analysis... 12-1 Anchor Material and Element Properties......... 13-1 Anchor Analysis.. 14-1 Using Lists and Groups....... 15-1 Connecting Rod Using 1D and 2D Elements...16-1 Box Bean With Transient Load..17-1 Post Processing With Insight.18-1 Connecting Rod Using 2D Elements.. 19-1 Connecting Rod Using 3D Elements From Sweep...........20-1
WORKSHOP 1 PISTON HEAD ANALYSIS
PAT301, Workshop 1, October 2003
WS1-1
WS1-2
Problem Description
This is an introductory exercise that will utilize the basic tools and capabilities of MSC.Patran. A preliminary design for a piston will be imported and analyzed to verify whether or not the design can withstand the expected loads.
WS1-3
Suggested Exercise Steps

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
10. 11.
Create a database piston.db. Import the existing geometry. Create a finite elemental mesh for the piston head. Use the Plot/Erase feature to erase the geometry. Create a nodal constraint at each of the pinhole surfaces of the model. Create a uniform pressure load applied to the top surface of the piston. Create the material property for steel. Create a 3D element property for the model. Check the load case Default and verify that the correct loads and boundary conditions have been applied. Send the model to MSC.Nastran to be analyzed. Read the results.
WS1-4
Step 1. Create a New Database

a
d
Create a new database called piston.db and set the model preferences. a. File / New. b. Enter piston.db for the File Name. c. Click on OK. d. Set the Tolerance under Model Preferences to Based on Model. e. Make sure that the Analysis Code and Analysis Type are set to MSC.Nastran and Structural, respectively. f. Click on OK.
e f b c
WS1-5
Step 2. Import the Model Geometry
Import the model geometry. a. File / Import b. Make sure Source is set to Parasolid.xmt. c. Select piston.xmt. d. Click on Apply. e. Click on OK when Import Summary form appears. f. Click on Smooth Shaded icon and Top View icons. g. Use the middle mouse button and rotate the model to attain the same view shown on next page.
WS1-6
Step 2. Import the Model Geometry (Cont.)
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Step 3. Create a Finite Element Mesh
Create a finite element mesh for the model using the TetMesh-er. a. Elements : Create / Mesh / Solid. b. Set Elem. Shape, Mesher, and Topology to Tet, TetMesh, and Tet10, respectively. c. Select Solid 1 under Input List. d. Uncheck Automatic Calculation and enter 0.5 for the Global Edge Length. e. Click on Apply.
c d
e
PAT301, Workshop 1, October 2003 WS1-8
Step 5. Create Constraints
Constrain the two pinhole surfaces. a. Loads/BCs : Create / Displacement / Nodal. b. Enter fixed for the New Set Name. c. Click on Input Data d. Enter <0 0 0> under Translations only. e. Click on OK.
a d
b c e
WS1-9
Step 5. Create Constraints (Cont.)
Select the application region for the nodal constraints. a. Click on Select Application Region b. Set the Geometry Filter to Geometry. c. Click under Select Geometry Entities, then on the Surface or Face icon. d. Select both pinhole surfaces and click Add. e. Click on OK. f. Click on Apply.
b c c d d
Illustrated above are the two application regions for the model. After choosing the first application region and clicking Add, use the middle-mouse button to rotate the model and select the other pinhole surface.
e a g
WS1-10
Step 6. Create a Pressure Load
Create a pressure that will be applied to the top surface of the piston. a. Loads/BCs : Create / Pressure / Element Uniform. b. Enter piston_pressure for the New Set Name. c. Click on Input Data d. Enter 1200.0 for the Pressure. e. Click on OK.
a d
b c e
WS1-11
Step 6. Create a Pressure Load (Cont.)
Select the application region for the pressure. a. Click on Select Application Region b. Set the Geometry Filter to Geometry. c. Click under Select Solid Faces, then select the top face of the piston, and click Add. d. Click on OK. e. Click on Apply.
c c
Shown above is the application region for the pressure load.
a e
Step 6. Create a Pressure Load (Cont.)
It may not seem as though the pressure load is applied uniformly throughout the top surface of the piston. That is because the application region was geometry, and not FEM. When this is done the markers only appear at geometry display lines.
WS1-13
Step 7. Create Material Properties
Create a material property for the piston. a. Materials : Create / Isotropic / Manual Input. b. Enter steel for the Material Name. c. Click on Input Properties d. Enter 30E6 and 0.3 for the Elastic Modulus and Poisson Ratio, respectively. e. Click on OK. f. Click on Apply.
a d
c e
Step 8. Create Element Properties
Create a 3D element property for the model. a. Properties : Create / 3D / Solid. b. Enter piston for Property Set Name. c. Click on Input Properties d. Click on Mat Prop Name icon Choose steel from Select Material. e. Click on OK. f. Click on Select Members and select Solid 1. g. Click on Add. h. Click on Apply.
a d
c f g e h
WS1-15
Step 9. Check the Load Cases
Check the load case Default and verify that the correct loads and boundary conditions are being applied. a. Load Cases : Modify b. Click on the Default load case. c. Check to see that the correct loads are assigned and click Cancel.
a b
c
Step 10. Run the Analysis
c
Send the model to MSC.Nastran and analyze the model. a. Analysis : Analyze / Entire Model / Full Run. b. Click on Translation Parameters c. Set Data Output to XDB and Print. d. Click on OK. e. Click on Solution Type f. Set Solution Type to Linear Static and click OK. g. Click on Apply.
a f
g
Step 11. Read the Results
Read in the results file into MSC.Patran by attaching the XDB file. a. Analysis : Access Results / Attach XDB / Result Entities. b. Click on Select Results File c. Select piston.xdb and click OK. d. Click on Apply.
a c
b d
Step 11. Read the Results (Cont.)
a d
Plot both the deformation and the stress tensor using quick plot. a. Click on the Plot/Erase icon. b. Click on Erase under Geometry. c. Click on OK. d. Results : Create / Quick Plot. e. Select Stress Tensor and Displacements, Translational from Select Fringe Result and Select Deformation Result, respectively. f. Make sure that the Quantity is set to von Mises. g. Click on Apply.
c e f
g
Modify the deformation attributes. a. Click on the Deform Attributes icon. b. Uncheck Show Undeformed and Show Title. c. Click Apply. d. Click on the Plot/Erase icon. e. Click on Erase under Geometry. f. Click on OK.
c
Modify the fringe attributes. a. Click on the Fringe Attributes icon. b. Set Display to Element Edges. c. Uncheck Show Title. d. Click on Apply.
b c
d

Illustrated here is the complete model deformation and stress fringe plot.
WS1-22
WORKSHOP 2 CANTILEVERED PLATE
WS2-1
WS2-2
Problem Description
This is a simple exercise that involves the simulation of the deformation of a cantilevered plate due to the application of an end load. The exercise involves 1) creation of a flat surface, 2) meshing the surface with quad plate elements, 3) creating a load and constraints, 4) specifying the material as Aluminum and the elements as plate bending and membrane elements, 5) running a linear static simulation, and 6) viewing some results.
WS2-3

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6.
7. 8. 9. 10. 11.
Start MSC.Patran and create a new database cantilevered plate.db. Create geometry of the plate using a surface. Mesh the surface using Quad4 elements. Apply a force at free end of the plate Create a constraint at opposite end from force, fixing all six degrees of freedom. Create an aluminum material with Elastic Modulus of 10e6 and Poisson ratio of 0.3. Assign aluminum as the property of the plate with a thickness of 0.1 inch. Verify all Loads and BCs to make sure that they are all selected. Run a linear static analysis of the model. Read results by attaching the .xdb file. Plot the results by creating a Quick Plot.
WS2-4
Step 1. Create a Database
d
Create a new database. a. File / New. b. Enter cantilevered_plate as the file name. c. Click OK. d. Choose Default Tolerance. e. Select MSC.Nastran as the Analysis Code. f. Select Structural as the Analysis Type. g. Click OK.
c f g
WS2-5
Step 2. Create Geometry of the Plate
a. Geometry: Create / Surface / XYZ. b. Select on Vector Coordinates List and enter < 5 1 0 >. c. Apply.
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Step 2. Create Geometry of the Plate (Cont.)

b b a a
a. Select Smooth Shade and Iso 3 View. b. Change back to Wireframe and Front view.
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Step 3. Meshing with Quad4 Elements
a
a. Elements: Create / Mesh / Surface. b. Select Elem Shape: Quad. Mesher: IsoMesh. Topology: Quad4. c. Click on Surface List and select Surface 1. d. Apply.
d
Step 4. Create a Force at Free End
A force will be applied to a node at the end of the cantilever plate. a. Loads / BCs: Create / Force / Nodal. b. Select on New Set Name and enter force1. c. Select Input Data. d. Enter < 0 0 8 > on Force < F1 F2 F3 >. e. OK. f. Click Select Application Region. g. Select FEM on Geometry Filter.
a d
b c f
Step 4. Create a Force at Free End (Cont.)
a. Click on Select Nodes and select the lower right corner node as shown in the figure. b. Add. c. OK. d. Apply.
a b a
c
Step 5. Create Constraints on the Plate
a
Constrain the other end of the plate, fixing all six degrees of freedom at each node. a. Loads / BCs: Create / Displacements / Nodal. b. Select on New Set Name: and enter displacement_1. c. Select Input Data. d. Enter <0 0 0> for Translations <T1 T2 T3 > and Rotations <R1 R2 R3>. e. OK. f. Click on Select Application Region. g. Select Geometry for Geometry Filter.
g d
b e
WS2-11
c f
Step 5. Create Constraints on the Plate (Cont.)
a. Pick the Curve or Edge icon. b. Select on the edge shown in the figure. c. Add. d. OK. e. Apply.
WS2-12
Step 5. Create Constraints on the Plate (Cont.)
a. Select on Iso3 view from the tool bar. Your model should look like the following.
WS2-13
Step 6. Defining the Material
a
We will set aluminum as the material of the plate. a. Materials: Create / Isotropic / Manual Input. b. Select on Material Name and enter aluminum. c. Select Input Properties. d. Enter: Elastic Modulus: 10e6. Poisson Ratio: 0.3. e. OK. f. Apply.
c f
Step 7. Defining the Element Properties
a
a. Properties: Create / 2D / Shell. b. Select Property Set Name and enter al-plate. c. Select Input Properties. d. Click Mat Prop Name icon, choose aluminum and enter 0.1 as the Thickness. e. OK.
d d
WS2-15
Step 7. Defining the Element Properties (Cont.)
a. Select on Application Region and pick to include all geometry as shown in the figure. b. Add. c. Apply.
a b
c
Step 8. Verify all Loads and BCs for Selection
a
a. Load Cases: Modify. b. Select Default in Select Load Case to Modify. c. Check that all Loads and BCs are selected. d. Cancel.
e
Step 9. Analysis
Run the analysis of the model. a. Analysis: Analyze / Entire Model / Full Run. b. Select Solution Type. c. Choose LINEAR STATIC for Solution Type. d. OK. e. Apply.
a c
d
Step 10. Read Results Under Analysis
We will attach the .xdb file in order to read the results. a. Analysis: Access Results / Attach XDB / Result Entities. b. Click on Select Results File. c. Select cantilevered_plate.xdb. d. OK. e. Apply.
a c
b e
Step 11. Results
a
Create a Quick Plot . a. Results: Create / Quick Plot. b. Select Displacement, Translational under Select Deformation Result. c. Apply.
c
Step 11. Results (Cont.)
a. Select Stress Tensor under Select Fringe Result. b. Choose X Component in Quantity. c. Apply. d. File / Close.
This ends this exercise.
c
WS2-22
WORKSHOP 3 FRAME MODEL CREATION USING CURVES, AND ANALYSIS
WS3-1
WS3-2
Problem Description
Create beam element model of a frame structure that is used to support an engine. The first step is to create geometric curves that represent both the frame and rubber frame supports. Then, the curves are meshed with two noded beam elements. The model loading consists of three parts; they are 1) dead load on the frame due to the weight of the engine, 2) maximum amplitude of the operating load, and 3) gravity load on the frame. The model is constrained at the bottom of the rubber supports. The frame is of Aluminum. A linear static analysis is performed, and the deformed shape and stress distribution are viewed.
WS3-3

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
7.
8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
Create new database frame.db. Create geometry of the aluminum frame using curves. Create geometry for the rubber supports using curves. Create 1D bar elements for the model by meshing the curves. Connect the 1D bar elements together at geometry interfaces. Create load due to the static weight(dead load) of the engine on the aluminum frame. Create static load due to the operating engine. The load is the maximum amplitude of the dynamic engine operating loads. Create the static loading due to gravity acting on the aluminum frame. Constrain the bottom of the rubber frame supports. Create aluminum and rubber material property sets. Define element properties for the aluminum frame. Define element properties for rubber frame support.
WS3-4

13. 14. 15.
16.
Check to see that all loads and boundary conditions have been selected under load cases. Perform linear static analysis for the frame model. Give MSC.Patran access to the MSC.Nastran results by attaching the Nastran .xdb results file under analysis. View the deformation and stress results under Results.
WS3-5
d
Create a new database. a. File / New. b. Enter frame as the file name. c. Click OK. d. Choose Default Tolerance. e. Select MSC.Nastran as the Analysis Code. f. Select Structural as the Analysis Type. g. Click OK.
e f b c g
WS3-6
Step 2. Create Geometry of the Frame
a. Geometry: Create / Curve / XYZ. b. Select on Vector Coordinates List and enter <24 0 0>. c. Apply.
WS3-7
Step 2. Create Geometry of the Frame (Cont.)

e
a. Geometry: Transform / Curve / Translate. b. Select on Translation Vector and enter <24 0 0>. c. Repeat Count: 4. d. Curve List: Select Curve 1. e. Click on Label Control and select curve. You should see 5 curves as shown in the figure. NOTE: We will leave on the Auto Execute. This allows the step to be executed automatically without hitting Apply.
b c
d
a. Transform / Curve / Translate. b. Select on Translation Vector List and enter <0 48 0>. c. Repeat Count: 1. d. Curve List: Select all Curves. (Curves 1:5)
b c
d
a. b. c. d.
Transform / Curve / Rotate. Rotate Angle: 90. Repeat Count: 1. Curve List: Select Curve 1 and 2.
b c
Select curve 1 and 2.
d
a. Transform / Curve / Translate. b. Translation Vector: <24 0 0>. c. Repeat Count: 1. d. Curve List: Select Curve 11 and 12. e. Change Translation Vector to <96 0 0>. f. Apply. g. Change Translation Vector to <120 0 0>. h. Apply.
b c
d
a. Your model should look like the following figure. The model is made of congruent curves.
WS3-12
Step 3. Create Curves for Vertical Supports
a
We will create curves for vertical support. a. Geometry: Create / Curve / XYZ. b. Select Vector Coordinates List and enter <0 0 -8>. c. Apply. d. Change view to Bottom view.
WS3-13
Step 3. Create Curves for Vertical Supports (Cont.)
a. Geometry: Transform / Curve / Translate. b. Select on Translation Vector and enter <24 0 0>. c. Repeat Count: 5. d. Curve List: Select Curve 19.
b c
d

d
a. Select Translation Vector and enter <0 48 0>. b. Repeat Count: 1. c. Curve List: Select Curves 19 through 24. d. Change view to Iso 3 View.
a b
c
a. Now change the Translation Vector to <0 24 0>. b. Repeat Count: 1. c. Curve List: Select Curves 19, 20, 23, and 24. d. Your model should look like the following.
a b
c
Step 4. Meshing the Curves
a
a. Elements: Create / Mesh / Curve. b. Unclick Automatic Calculation. c. Enter 12 for Global Edge Length. d. Select on Curve List and include all curves. Click and drag as shown in the figure to select all curves. e. Apply f. Turn off the curve labels and show the node labels.
d b c
e
Step 5. Equivalence All Nodes
a. Elements: Equivalence / All / Tolerance Cube. b. Apply.
Magenta colored circle indicates that a node was deleted.
WS3-18
Step 6. Create Dead Load from Engine
We will create the first of three sets of loads. a. Loads / BCs: Create / Force / Nodal. b. Select on New Set Name and enter dead_load. c. Input Data. d. Enter <0 0 -150> for Force <F1 F2 F3 >. e. OK. f. Select Application Region. g. Geometry Filter: FEM. h. Select on Select Nodes.
a d
b c f
Step 6. Create Dead Load from Engine (Cont.)
a. Select on the nodes as shown in the figure. b. Add. c. OK. d. Apply.
a a b
c
a. Select on New Set Name and enter dead_load_2. b. Input Data. c. Enter <0 0 -960> for Force <F1 F2 F3 >. d. OK. e. Select Application Region. f. Geometry Filter: FEM. g. Select on Select Nodes.
a b e
a. Select on following Nodes shown in the figure. b. Add. c. OK. d. Apply.
a b
c
Step 7. Create Operating Engine Static Load
a. Select on New Set Name and enter op_static_load. b. Input Data. c. Enter <0 -15 -15> for Force <F1 F2 F3 >. d. OK. e. Select Application Region. f. Geometry Filter: FEM. g. Select on Select Nodes.
f c
a b e
Step 7. Create Operating Engine Static Load (Cont.)
a
a
c
a. Select on New Set Name and enter op_static_load_2. b. Input Data. c. Enter <0 -100 -100> for Force <F1 F2 F3 >. d. OK. e. Select Application Region. f. Geometry Filter: FEM. g. Select on Select Nodes.
f c
a b e
a b
c
Step 8. Create Gravity Load on Frame
a
a. Loads / BCs: Create / Inertial Load / Element Uniform b. Enter gravity for New Set Name. c. Input Data. d. In Trans Accel <A1 A2 A3> enter <0 0 386.4>. e. OK. f. Apply.
The application region is not specified explicitly by the user. The application region is created by all elements for which density is specified.
b c
Step 9. Create Constraints for the Frame Support
Constrain bottom of rubber supports for the frame, fixing all six degrees of freedom. a. Loads / BCs: Create / Displacement / Nodal. b. Select on New Set Name: and enter fix_base. c. Select Input Data. d. Enter <0 0 0> for Translations <T1 T2 T3 > and Rotations <R1 R2 R3>. e. OK. f. Click on Select Application Region. g. Select Geometry for Geometry Filter.
a d
b e
WS3-28
c f
Step 9. Create Constraints for the Frame Support (Cont.)

b
a. Pick the Point or Vertex icon. b. Change view to Bottom view. c. Select all points at bottom of frame support, as shown in the figure. d. Add. e. OK. f. Apply.
a c
WS3-29

b a
a. Select on Iso3 view from the tool bar. Your model should look like the following. Although the force directions may appear vertical, they are in fact off angled. You can switch to different views to observe this, or display the components for each vector. b. Reset Graphics.
WS3-30
Step 10. Defining Material
a
We will set aluminum as the material of the frame. a. Materials: Create / Isotropic / Manual Input. b. Select on Material Name and enter aluminum. c. Select Input Properties. d. Enter: Elastic Modulus: 10e6. Poisson Ratio: 0.3. Density: 2.61e-4. e. OK. f. Apply.
c f
Step 10. Defining Material (Cont.)
a
Create different sets of rubber material. With each set there will be different Elastic Modulus to provide different stiffness needed to keep the frame level. a. Materials: Create / Isotropic / Manual Input. b. Select on Material Name and enter rubber. c. Select Input Properties. d. Enter: Elastic Modulus: 60.95. Poisson Ratio: 0.4. e. OK. f. Apply.
c
a. Select on Material Name and enter rubber_2. b. Select Input Properties. c. Enter: Elastic Modulus: 163.25. Poisson Ratio: 0.4. d. OK. e. Apply. f. Select on Material Name and enter rubber_3. g. Select Input Properties. h. Enter: Elastic Modulus: 398.30. Poisson Ratio: 0.4. i. Ok. j. Apply.
b e d
WS3-33
a. Now create 3 more materials rubber_4, rubber_5, and rubber_6, with Poisson Ratio of 0.4, a Elastic Modulus of: rubber_4: 551.70. rubber_5: 470.10. rubber_6: 572.40.
WS3-34
Step 11. Defining Properties for Frame Structure
a
a. Properties: Create / 1D / Beam. b. Click on Property Set Name and enter al-plate. c. Select Input Properties. d. Click on Mat Prop Name icon and select aluminum from Select Material list.
d d
WS3-35
Step 11. Defining Properties for Frame Structure (Cont.)
a. b. c. d. e. f.
Bar Orientation: <0 0 1>. Area: 10. Inertia 1,1: 40. Inertia 2,2: 8. Torsional Constant: 80. OK.
b c d e
WS3-36

a
a. Use Label Control to display curve labels, and remove node labels. b. Click on Select Members. c. Select all horizontal(in X-Y plane) curves. (Curves 1:18) d. Add. e. Apply.
b d
e
Step 12. Defining Properties for Frame Support
a
a. Properties: Create / 1D / Beam. b. Select Property Set Name and enter support_x1. c. Select Input Properties. d. From the Material Property Sets, select rubber. e. Bar Orientation: <1 0 0>. f. Area: 16. g. Inertia 1,1: 21.33. h. Inertia 2,2: 21.33. i. Torsional Constant: 36. j. OK.
d e b
f g h i
WS3-38
Step 12. Defining Properties for Frame Support (Cont.)

a
a. Reset the graphics to remove the force and constraint markers. b. Click on Select Members. c. Select three vertical curves as shown in the figure. (Curves 19 31 25) d. Add. e. Apply.
Select these three vertical curves
b d
e
a. Select Property Set Name and enter support_x2. b. Input Properties. c. Click on Material Name and select rubber_2. d. OK. e. Click on Select Members. f. Select Curve 26, 32, and 20 as shown in the figure. g. Add. h. Apply. i. Select Property Set Name and enter support_x3. j. Input Properties. k. Click on Material Name and select rubber_3. l. OK. m. Click on Select Members. n. Select Curve 27 and 21. o. Add. p. Apply PAT301, Workshop 3, October 2003
b e g
h
WS3-40
a. Select Property Set Name and enter support_x4. b. Input Properties. c. Click on Material Name and select rubber_4. d. OK. e. Click on Select Members. f. Select Curve 28 and 22 as shown in the figure. g. Add. h. Apply. i. Select Property Set Name and enter support_x5. j. Input Properties. k. Click on Material Name and select rubber_5. l. OK. m. Click on Select Members. n. Select Curve 23, 33, and 29. o. Add. p. Apply PAT301, Workshop 3, October 2003
Select these two vertical curves
f a
b e g
h
WS3-41
a. Select Property Set Name and enter support_x6. b. Input Properties. c. Click on Material Name and select rubber_6. d. OK. e. Click on Select Members. f. Select Curve 24, 34, and 30 as shown in the figure. g. Add. h. Apply.
b e g h
Step 13. Check Assignment of Loads and BCs to Load Case
a
a. Load Cases: Modify. b. Select Default in Select Load Cases to Modify. c. Check that all Loads and BCs are selected. d. Cancel.
WS3-43
Step 14. Analysis
a
Run the analysis of the entire model. a. Analysis: Analyze / Entire Model / Full Run. b. Select Solution Type. c. Choose LINEAR STATIC for Solution Type. d. OK. e. Apply.
b d
Step 15. Access Results Under Analysis
We will attach the .xdb file in order to access the results. a. Analysis: Access Results / Attach XDB / Result Entities. b. Click on Select Result File. c. Select and attach the file frame.xdb. d. OK. e. Apply.
c d
b e
Step 16. Results

a
b
Create a Quick Plot . a. Hide all labels b. Results: Create / Quick Plot. c. Select A1:Static Subcase under Select Result Cases. d. Select Displacements, Translational under Select Deformation Result. e. Select Deform Attributes. f. Click on Model Scale and set the scale to 0.01. g. Apply.
e c
f d g
WS3-46
Display shows the deformed shape of the structure.
WS3-47
a. Click Select Results icon. b. Select Bar Stresses, Axial under Select Fringe Result. c. Quantity: X Component. d. Apply. e. File / Close. This ends this exercise.
WS3-48
WORKSHOP 4 MID-SURFACE EXTRACTION EXAMPLE
WS4-1
WS4-2
Problem Description
Instead of meshing with solid elements the parasolid solid that represents a junction box, this workshop involves creating surfaces at mid-plane throughout the solid. Then, these mid-surfaces are meshed with 2D quadrilateral elements. From the 2D mesh, a complete analysis model is created, an analysis is performed, and results viewed.
WS4-3

1. 2.
3. 4. 5.
6.
7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.
Create a database midsurface.db, and import a parasolid solid file, j_box.xmt Create a group that the midsurfaces will be placed in, midsurfaces. Use Group/Create. Create midsurfaces for the junction box. They will be in group midsurfaces. Post only the group with midsurfaces. Edit the gussets created by the midsurface operation. This involves eliminating the long thin tops of the gussets. Associate the edges of the gussets with the midsurfaces that represent the junction box. Paver mesh the midsurfaces. Equivalence the nodes to connect the 2D quad4 elements. Apply distributed loads to midsurface surfaces. Constrain select points of midsurface surfaces. Create material and element properties. Check the load case. Submit the finite element model to MSC.Nastran for analysis. Post process the results from MSC.Nastran
WS4-4
Step 1. Create new database and import parasolid file

a
d
Create a new database called midsurface.db and set the model preferences. a. File / New. b. Enter midsurface as the file name. c. Click OK. d. Set the Tolerance to Based on Model. e. Set Analysis Code and Analysis Type to MSC.Nastran and Structural, respectively. f. Click on OK.
e f b c
WS4-5
Step 1. Create new database and import parasolid file (Cont.)
d a
Import the parasolid. a. File / Import. b. Select j_box.xmt and click on Apply. c. Click OK when import summary appears. d. Click on the Iso 3 View icon.
c
Step 1. Create new database and import parasolid file(Cont.)

This is what the Junction Box should look like when observing it from the ISO3 view. To better visualize the object, click the smooth shaded icon. Then, go back to the wireframe view. It is easier to work with this display.
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Step 2. Create group for midsurfaces

a
Create a new group called midsurface a. Group / Create. b. Enter midsurface for New Group Name. c. Make sure Make Current box is checked. d. Click on Apply. e. Click on Cancel.
b c
d
Step 3. Create Midsurfaces from Parasolid Solid
Create the midsurfaces a. Geometry: Create / Surface / Midsurface. b. Select Automatic icon. c. Enter 0.1251 for Max. Thickness. d. Click on Solid List, then on the solid. e. Click Apply (If Auto-Execute is checked do not click on Apply).
b c d d e
The created midsurfaces are indicated by the magenta lines.
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Step 4. Post Midsurfaces Group only
Post the midsurface group only a. Group / Post. b. Select midsurface from Select Groups to Post. c. Click on Apply. d. Click on Cancel.
c
Step 5. Edit Gussets
Edit the Gussets a. Geometry: Edit / Surface / Trim. b. Check Delete Sliver Surface. c. To select a surface to trim, click on any of the gussets. d. To select the trimming edge, click on the sloped edge of gusset e. Repeat procedure for the seven remaining gussets
b c d
c
Step 6. Associate Gusset Edges to Midsurface Surfaces
Associate gusset edges to the junction box midsurfaces. (Need to associate the gussets to the junction box to make the quad meshes congruent during the Paver mesh.) a. Geometry: Associate / Curve / Surface. b. Associate vertical edge of gusset to adjacent surface. Click Apply. c. Associate bottom edge of gusset to bottom of junction box. Click Apply. d. Repeat for all remaining gussets.
a b c
b c
if Auto Execute is checked, it is not necessary to click Apply. PAT301, Workshop 4, October 2003 WS4-12
Step 6. Associate Gusset Edges to Midsurface Surfaces(Cont.)

Here is the model after all of the gusset edges have been associated to the junction box midsurfaces. The associated edges are indicated by the triangles.
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Step 7. Paver Mesh All Midsurface Surfaces
Paver mesh all the midsurfaces of the solid. a. Elements : Create / Mesh / Surface. b. Make sure Quad, Paver, and Quad4 are selected. c. Remove check for Automatic Calculation and enter 0.1875 for the Global Edge Length. d. Click on Surface List. Select all the surfaces by dragging a box around the entire object. e. Click Apply
d c
*Surface List should be: Surface 1:13
e
Step 8. Equivalence Nodes to Connect 2D Quad Elements
Observe that none of the elements at geometric boundaries are connected, they have free edges. This problem will be remedied with the Equivalence command. a. Elements: Verify / Element / Boundaries. b. Check Free Edges c. Click Apply.
Yellow lines indicate free element edges.
a b
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Step 8. Equivalence Nodes to Connect 2D Quad Elements(Cont.)
Equivalence the object and show that elements at the internal edges of the junction box are connected. a. Elements : Equivalence / All / Tolerance Cube. b. Click Apply. c. Elements : Verify / Element / Boundaries d. Check Free Edges. e. Click Apply.
b c d e
Now all free edges shown are desired free edges
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Step 9. Create Distributed Loads
Create the CID Distributed Load for the model. a. Loads/BCs : Create / CID Distributed Load / Element Uniform b. Enter CID_Distributed_Load in New Set Name. c. Make sure to select 2D under Target Element Type. d. Click Input Data e. Enter <0 100 0> in Surf Distr Force. f. Click OK.
a e
b c d f
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Step 9. Create Distributed Loads (Cont.)
Continue to add Loads and Constraints a. Click Select Application Region b. Click on Edge icon. c. Click the edge of any small hole on the end of the junction box at the greatest Y-coordinate. d. Click Add. e. Repeat c and d for remaining three holes. f. Click OK. g. Click Apply.
b b d
f
Application Region should include edges Surface 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8
a g
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Step 9. Create Distributed Loads (Cont.)
This is an illustration of the junction box midsurface with the CID distributed loads.
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Step 10. Constrain the Base of the Junction Box
Bolt down the base of the junction box, i.e. constrain the four holes on the bottom so that they are fixed. a. Loads/BCs : Create / Displacement / Nodal. b. Enter Fixed for New Set Name. c. Click Input Data d. Enter <0 0 0> for Translations. e. Enter <0 0 0> for Rotations. f. Click OK. g. Click Select Application Region. h. Select Select Geometry Entities and click on Curve or edge icon. i. Select the edge of any hole of the base and click Add. j. Repeat procedure for remaining three holes and Click OK. k. Click Apply. Application region should include Surface 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24 PAT301, Workshop 4, October 2003
a d e h i
c k
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Step 10. Constrain the Base of the Junction Box (Cont.)
This is what the object should look like when constraints are applied. You can observe that the constraints on the bottom four holes of the junction box are all six degrees of freedom.
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Step 11. Add Material and Element Properties
Add the Material Properties for the model. a. Materials : Create / Isotropic / Manual Input. b. Enter Aluminum under Material Name. c. Click Input Properties. d. Enter 10E6 for Elastic Modulus and 0.3 for Poisson Ratio. e. Click OK. f. Click Apply.
c f
e
WS4-22
Step 11. Add Material and Element Properties (Cont.)
Add the Element Properties. a. Properties : Create / 2D / Shell. b. Enter 2D_shell in Property Set Name. c. Make sure Homogenous and Standard Formulation are selected. d. Click Input Properties e. Click on Mat Prop Name icon and Select Aluminum from Select Material. f. Enter 0.125 for Thickness. g. Click OK. h. Under Select Members select the entire object by dragging a box around the junction box. I. Click Add and then click Apply. Application region is surface 1:13
a f
b c d h g
i
Step 12. Check Load Case
Check the load case a. Action: Modify. b. Select load case Default from Select Load Case to Modify. c. Check to see that the CID distributed load and the constraint are assigned to the default load case. d. Click Cancel.
a b
d
Step 13. Run the analysis
Run the analysis of the model. a. Analysis : Analyze / Entire Model / Full Run. b. Click on Translation Parameters. c. Select XDB and Print. d. Click OK. e. Click Subcases. f. Make sure the default subcase is selected. g. Click Apply and Cancel. h. Click Subcase Select i. Make sure subcase Default is selected and click OK. j. Click Apply. It may be helpful to check each window, in order to become familiarized with each of the the various forms. PAT301, Workshop 4, October 2003
b h j
WS4-25
e d
Step 14. Look at the Results
Observe the results generated by MSC.Nastran. a. Analysis : Access Results / Attach XDB / Result Entities. b. Click Select Results File c. Select the midsurfaces.xdb file. d. Click OK. e. Click Apply.
a c d
b e
Step 14. Look at the Results (Cont.)
Look at the Deformation created by the load. a. Results : Create / Deformation. b. Select Default, Static Subcase under Select Result Case(s). c. Select Displacements, Transitional. d. Click Apply.
c
Here the deformation due to the CID Distributed loads is illustrated.
d
c
Remove the undeformed plot and erase the geometry to get a better illustration of the load effects. a. Click on the Display Attributes icon. b. Remove the check from the Show Undeformed box and from the Show Title box as well. c. Click on the Plot/Erase icon. d. Click on Erase under Geometry. e. Click OK.
a d
e b
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Look at the von Mises stress for the junction box surface model. a. Results : Create / Fringe b. Select result case. c. Select Stress Tensor, and Quantity : von Mises. d. Click Apply.
This illustration shows a combined representation of the deformation and von Mises stress of the junction box mid surface model.
WS4-30
Modify the attributes to get a better fringe plot. a. Click on the Display Attributes icon. b. Change the Display to Element Edges. c. Uncheck the Show Title box. d. Click Apply.
b c
d
This final illustration shows the fringe plot along with the deformation plot.
WS4-32
WORKSHOP 5 FRAME SURFACES CREATION
WS5-1
WS5-2
Problem Description
The workshop is a revisiting of the frame model created in Workshop 3, except this workshop involves creating surfaces and solids instead of curves to represent the frame and its supports. Once the surfaces and solids have been created they are to be meshed with 2D plate and 3D hexahedral elements, respectively. After the meshing is complete the remainder of the finite element model representation in MSC.Patran is to be completed(e.g. material, element properties, etc.). Finally, the finite element model file is created and MSC.Nastran is used to solve the problem. The deformation and stress results are to be looked at using MSC.Patran.
WS5-3

1. 2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Create database named surf_create.db. This workshop involves creating just geometry. No FEM will be created. Create the first surface. It is parametric, and is to be used to represent the web portion of a typical I-beam length of the frame. Extrude the top edge of the web surface(just created) to create the top flange. Copy(transform) the two top surfaces(top flange) to the bottom of the web surface to make the bottom flange. Then, copy(transform) the five surfaces in their long direction to make another five surfaces. Create four points, with two per web surface. These will be used to specify the center of four holes, with two holes per web surface. Create two 360 degree circular curves on the first web surface. Later, these will be used to break the web surface to put two holes in it. Extend the first five surfaces created(before the transform) to create surfaces of proper length for intersecting with surfaces at 90 degrees to them. Break the first web surface with the two curves. This can be done now because the web surface has already been extended(must be parametric to extended). Create two holes in the second web surface by adding the holes. This approach is different than that of breaking a surface with a curve.
WS5-4

10. 11.
12.
13. 14. 15.
16.
17. 18.
Transform the second five surfaces(represents the second typical I-beam length), making two copies. Now, there are four I-beam lengths. Break the outside end of the first I-beam length with a 45 degree plane. This will put a bevel on the end surfaces. Complete breaking the outer surfaces for the first I-beam length. Mirror the first five surface to the other end of all the surfaces(20 surfaces). This places five beveled surfaces at both ends of the model. Close the database because a new one will be used to import a completed surface model. Create a new database named surf_create_part2.db. Import IGES file with completed surfaces. Modify, create, and post groups. This is done to separate certain surfaces to make picking surfaces easier subsequently. Rename default_group to all_surfaces. Create isomesh_surfaces with just the surfaces that will be at the top of the rubber mounts. Add points to isomesh_surfaces using Tools/List/Create. Finally, post both groups all_surfaces and isomesh_surfaces. Create a group for the parametric solids that are to be created, solids. Some points need to be added to that group. Post groups isomesh_surfaces and solids. This is so the surfaces in isomesh_surfaces can be easily picked for extrusion to create the needed parametric solids. Extrude the surfaces in isomesh_surfaces to create the parametric solids. Post groups all_surfaces and solids. This is the complete geometry model.
WS5-5

a
d
Create a new database. a. File / New. b. Enter surf_create as the file name. c. Click OK. d. Choose Default Tolerance. e. Select MSC.Nastran as the Analysis Code. f. Select Structural as the Analysis Type. g. Click OK.
e f b c g
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Step 2. Create a Surface
a. Geometry: Create / Surface / XYZ. b. Select on Vector Coordinates List and enter <24 10 0>. c. Apply.
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Step 3. Extrude Top Edge
a. Geometry: Create / Surface / Extrude. b. Translation Vector: <0 0 2>. c. Uncheck Auto Execute. d. Click under Curve List and select the top edge of Surface 1. (Surface 1.2) e. Apply. f. Change view to Iso 1 View.
a d
c d e
Step 3. Extrude Top Edge (Cont.)

c
a. Change Translation Vector to <0 0 -2>. b. Apply. c. Select on Label Control icon and select Surface.
b
Step 4. Transform Top Surfaces
a
a. Geometry: Transform / Surface / Translate. b. Translation Vector: <0 10 0>. c. Check Auto Execute. d. Click under Surface List and select Surface 2 and 3.
c d
Step 4. Transform Top Surfaces (Cont.)
a
a. Geometry: Transform / Surface / Translate. b. Translation Vector: <24 0 0>. c. Click under Surface List and select all Surfaces.
c
Step 5. Create Four Points
a. Geometry: Create / Point / Extract. b. Select Single Point on Surface icon. c. u Parametric Position: 0.25. d. v Parametric Position: 0.5. e. Click under Surface List and select Surface 1. f. Change u Parametric Position to 0.75. g. Apply.
b c d
WS5-12
Step 5. Create Four Points (Cont.)
a. u Parametric Position: 0.25. b. v Parametric Position: 0.5. c. Click under Surface List and select Surface 6. d. Change u Parametric Position to 0.75. e. Apply. f. Click on Label Control icon and select Points. g. As shown in the figure, you should have created four points, with two points on Surface 1 and the other two on Surface 6.
a b c
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Step 6. Create 2D Circles
a. Geometry: Create / Curve / 2D Circle. b. Input Radius: 2.5. c. Click under Center Point List and select Point 19.
a c d
d. Now repeat the above steps using Point 20 as the center.
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Step 7. Extend Parametric(Green) Surfaces
a. Geometry: Edit / Surface / Extend. b. Select Fixed Length icon. c. Select Edit All Associated Surfaces icon. d. Length: 2.0. e. Uncheck Auto Execute. f. Click under Surface Edge and select the following edges as shown in the figure.
Select these edges.
b f c d f
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Step 8. Break Surface with Circular Curves
a. Geometry: Edit / Surface / Break. b. Option: Curve. c. Surface List: Select Surface 1. d. Break Curve List: Select Curve 1 and 2. e. Apply. f. Select Yes to delete original surfaces. g. Deselect Point icon from Label Control.
a d b
Curve 1 and 2
c d e c
Surface 1
f
Step 8. Break Surface with Circular Curves (Cont.)
a
a. Geometry: Delete / Surface. b. Click under Surface List and select Surface 12 and 14. c. Apply.
b c
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Step 8. Break Surface with Circular Curves (Cont.)

c a
a. Change view to Smooth shaded. b. Your figure should look like the following.
c. Change back to Wireframe view.
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Step 9. Add Two Holes to Surface
a
a. b. c. d. e. Geometry: Edit / Surface / Add Hole. Option: Center Point. Hole Radius: 2.5. Click under Surface and select Surface 6. Click under Center Point List and select Point 21 and 22 Apply.
b c d
Point 21 and 22
f.
d e f e
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Step 10. Transform Surfaces

e
a
a. Geometry: Transform / Surface / Translate. b. Translation Vector: <24 0 0>. c. Repeat Count: 2. d. Check Auto Execute. e. Set picking preference to Enclose any portion of entity under Preferences/Picking. f. Click under Surface List and select Surface 6:10 as shown in the figure.
b c
f
d f
Step 10. Transform Surfaces (Cont.)
a. Your figure should look like the following.
WS5-21
Step 10. Transform Surfaces (Cont.)
b
Increase the Point Size in order to have a better view of the points. a. Display / Geometry. b. Point Size: 4. c. Apply.
c
Step 11. Create a Breaking Plane
a
a. Geometry: Transform / Point / Translate. b. Select on Translation Vector and enter <4 0 0>. c. Repeat Count: 1. d. Click under Point List and select Point 26.
Point 26
b c
d
Step 11. Create a Breaking Plane (Cont.)
a
a. Geometry: Create / Plane / 3 Points. b. Point 1 List: Point 27. c. Point 2 List: Point 49. d. Point 3 List: Point 30.
Point 27 Point 49
b c d d
Point 30
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Step 12. Break the Surfaces at Left End
a
a. Geometry: Edit / Surface / Break. b. Option: Plane. c. Surface List: Select Surface 2, 3, 4, 5, and 13. d. Break Curve List: Select: Plane 1. e. Select Yes for All to delete original surfaces.
c b
Plane 1
c d
WS5-25
Step 12. Break the Surfaces at Left End (Cont.)

b e
a
a. Geometry: Delete / Surface. b. Depending on how picking, set to either entire entity or any portion of entity under Preferences/Picking. c. Click under Surface List and select Surface 24, 26, 32, 30, and 28. d. Click Apply. e. Change view to Smooth shaded.
c d
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Step 12. Break the Surfaces at Left End (Cont.)

b
a. Your figure should look like the following. b. Select Fit View icon.
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Step 13. Mirror Surface at Left End
a
a. Geometry: Transform / Surface / Mirror. b. Define Mirror Plane Normal: Coord 0.1. c. Offset: 60. d. Check Reverse Surface. e. Click under Surface List and select Surfaces as shown in the figure.
b c
e
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Step 13. Mirror Surface at Left End (Cont.)
a. Delete breaking plane under Geometry. b. Close database.
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Step 14. Create a New Database
d
Create a new database. a. File / New. b. Enter surf_create_part2 as the file name. c. Click OK. d. Choose Default Tolerance. e. Select MSC.Nastran as the Analysis Code. f. Select Structural as the Analysis Type. g. Click OK.
e f b c g
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Step 15. Import Completed Surfaces
a e d
a. b. c. d. File / Import. Object: Model. Source: IGES. Current Group: default_group. e. Select complete_surfaces.igs. f. Click Apply. g. Click OK in Import Summary Window.
b c
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Step 16. Modify, Create, Post Group

f a e
a. b. c. d. e. f.
Group / Modify. Select Rename. Rename As: all_surfaces. Apply. Select Iso 1 View Refit graphics
c d
Step 16. Modify, Create, Post Group (Cont.)

b a f
a. Change view to Bottom view . b. Group / Create c. New Group Name: isomesh_surfaces. d. Check Make Current. e. Click under Entity Selection. f. Select on View corners icon, then zoom in into the corner as shown in the figure.
zoom
e

c f
a.
b. c.
d. e. f. g. h. i.
Set to pick only visible entities pick only ones that can be seen(on front). Click O.K. in Message Window. Set to pick only those entities that are completely enclosed by the picking rectangle. Set the selection filter to surface. Select the surfaces shown in the figure. Zoom out by selecting Fit view. Now, select the remaining surfaces. Apply. Toggle off the visible entity pick icon.
i
f g
d
Select these surfaces
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a
a. Group / Post. b. Select isomesh_surfaces under Select Groups to Post. c. Apply.
c

a
Add Points associated to surfaces in group isomesh_surfaces. a. Tool / List / Create. b. Geometry / Point / Association. c. Association: Surface. d. Click under Surface and select all the surfaces. e. Apply. f. Click Add to Group. g. Group Name: isomesh_surfaces. h. Apply. i. Cancel. j. Cancel. k. Cancel.
b f c j d g h i e k
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a
a. Increase the Point size by Display / Geometry, and setting it to size 4. b. Apply. c. Cancel.
WS5-37

a d
a
a. Group / Post. b. Select all_surfaces in addition to isomesh_surfaces under Select Groups to Post. c. Apply. d. Change view to Iso 1 View.
c
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Step 17. Create a New Group: solids

a
a. b. c. d.
Group / Create. New Group Name: solids. Check Make Current. Click under Entity Selection and zoom in.
Zoom in
d
Step 17. Create a New Group: solids (Cont.)

b
a. Pick the three Points to include under Entity Selection. b. Select on Fit view icon. c. As shown in the figure, zoom in to that part of the section.
Pick these Points
Zoom in
WS5-40

d
a. Pick two more Points. b. Should have selected 5 Points, Points 47 46 48 105 and 103. c. Apply. d. Select Fit view icon.
Pick these two Points
b c
a
a. Group / Post. b. Select isomesh_surfaces in addition to solids under Select Groups to Post. c. Apply. d. Zoom to the surfaces at origin.
d b
Zoom in
c
Step 18. Extrude Surface to Create a Solid

e
a
a. Geometry: Create / Solid / Extrude. b. Solid Type: IsoMeshable. c. Translation Vector: <0 -8 0>. d. Click under Surface List and select all Surfaces. e. Select Fit view icon.
d b
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Step 18. Extrude Surface to Create a Solid (Cont.)

b
a. All 6 surfaces extruded, and all solids are parametric(blue). b. Zoom in as indicated in the following figure.
Zoom in
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a. Geometry: Transform / Solid / Mirror. b. Click on Define Mirror Plane Normal and select 3 Points for the plane icon. c. Select the 3 Points shown in the figure. d. Offset Parameters: 0. e. Check Reverse Solid. f. Uncheck Auto Execute. g. Click under Solid List and select Solid 1 through 6. h. Apply.
a b b d e f g h
Select these 3 Points
WS5-45
Now mirror the Solids 1 through 12. a. Geometry: Transform / Solid / Mirror. b. Click on Define Mirror Plane Normal and select 3 Points for the plane icon. c. Select the 3 Points shown in the figure. d. Click under Solid List and select Solid 1 through 12. e. Apply.
a b b
Select these 3 Points
d e
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a
b
a. Geometry: Create / Solid / Extrude. b. Solid Type: IsoMeshable. c. Translation Vector: <0 -8 0>. d. Click under Surface List and select surfaces shown in the figure.
Select these 6 sets of surfaces
WS5-47
a
a. Geometry: Transform / Solid / Translate. b. Refer. Coordinate Frame: Coord 0. c. Translation Vector: <24 0 0>. d. Repeat Count: 3. e. Uncheck Auto Execute. f. Click under Solid List and select Solids shown in the figure. (Solid 41:48) g. Apply.
b c d f
e f g
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Step 19. Post Groups all_surfaces and solids
a. Group / Post. b. Select all_surfaces and solids under Select Groups to Post. c. Apply. d. Reduce Point size using Point size icon.
e. This ends the creation of the geometry for this model. Later it will be meshed and a complete linear model will be created and analyzed.
c
WORKSHOP 6 FRAME SURFACE MODEL ANALYSIS
WS6-1
WS6-2
Problem Description
This workshop involves meshing the surfaces and solids created for Workshop 5. The finite element model is to be completed, an analysis performed, and the results viewed in MSC.Patran. Deformation results are displayed using wireframe or shaded mode. It will be seen that the rubber supports for the frame undergo the largest deformation. Stress results are looked at using fringe or stress tensor markers. Different coordinate systems for displaying the stress results are used.
WS6-3

1. 2. 3.
4.
5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.
14. 15.
Open the existing database surf_create_part2.db Create a group for the 2D Paver meshes to be created. It is to be named fem_surfaces Create Paver meshes for all the surfaces. Use Quad4 elements and a Global Edge Length 1.0. Mesh all surfaces in the group isomesh_surfaces. IsoMesh the surfaces using Quad4 elements and a Global Edge Length 1.0. Allow the Paver meshes that were previously created to be deleted. Equivalence all nodes in the database. Show the element free edges. Post the group named solids. Create group with name fem_solids. IsoMesh of parametric solids in group solids Create group for all the finite elements(2D and 3D). Equivalence all model nodes. Display element free edges. Move the nodes and elements in group isomesh_surfaces(has just the surfaces at the top of the rubber supports) to the group fem_surfaces(this group will have all the 2D elements in the model). Post group fem_surfaces. Create a fringe plot of aspect ratio for all the 2D elements.
WS6-4

16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24. 25. 26.
Post group all_surfaces and group solids. Group all_surfaces has all the geometric surfaces in it. And group solids has all the geometric solids in it. The geometry will be used for the application region in creating the loads and boundary conditions. Create the dead load on the frame due to the weight of the engine. Two load sets must be created, one for each end of the model. Create static loading due to the peak engine operating conditions. Two load sets must be created, one for each end of the model. Create gravity loading on just the frame. All the frame elements will be used to create this load, including the frame mass density. Create constraints at the bottom of the rubber frame supports. As the support elements are 3D only the displacements need to be constrained in MSC.Patran. Define the frame and support material properties. The frame is made of Aluminum. and the supports are mage of a rubber material. The Aluminum has only one value of the Elastic modulus. The stiffness of the rubber varies linearly with distance along the long direction of the frame; this is to make it possible to keep the frame level under static loading. Define element properties for the frame . The are two regions of the frame, each with a unique thickness. So, it is necessary to create two property sets for the frame. Define element properties for the supports. There are six regions of the supports, each with unique stiffness. So, it is necessary to create six property sets. Check the load case to see if the proper loads and boundary conditions are included. Post the group named fem_all(has all the elements in the model). Run the finite element analysis.
WS6-5

27. 28. 29.
Access the finite element solver results by attaching the corresponding file to the MSC.Patran database. Display the deformation results in wireframe and shaded format. Display von Mises stress, derived from the stress tensor, for the 2D plate and 3D solid element portions of the model separately. Also, display the X and Y stress component markers(arrows) using two different coordinate systems.
WS6-6
Step 1. Open Database surf_create_part2.db
a. File / Open. b. File name: surf_create_part2. c. Click OK. d. Unpost group named solids, keeping group all_surfaces posted. Click on all_surfaces, then Apply.
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Step 2. Create Group for 2D Paver Meshes

a
a. Group / Create. b. New Group Name: fem_surfaces. c. Check Make Current. d. Apply. e. Cancel.
d
e
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Step 3. Create Paver Mesh on All Surfaces
a
a. Elements: Create / Mesh / Surface. b. Elem Shape: Quad. c. Mesher: Paver. d. Topology: Quad4. e. Click under Surface List and select all surfaces in the figure. f. Global Edge Length: 1.0. g. Apply.
b c d e f
g
Step 3. Create Paver Mesh on All Surfaces (Cont.)
These are the Paver meshes, one for each of the 182 surfaces.
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Step 4. Mesh Surfaces in Group isomesh_surfaces
a. Group / Post. b. Under Select Groups to Post select isomesh_surfaces. c. Apply. d. Cancel
c
d
WS6-11
a
a. Elements: Create / Mesh / Surface. b. Elem Shape: Quad. c. Mesher: IsoMesh. d. Topology: Quad4. e. Click under Surface List and select all surfaces in group isomesh_surfaces. f. Global Edge Length: 1.0. g. Apply. h. Select Yes For All to delete existing meshes(Paver meshes).
b d e f c
g
These are the IsoMesh meshes of the surfaces in group isomesh_surfaces.
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Step 5. Equivalence Nodes
a. Group / Post. b. Under Select Groups to Post select fem_surfaces and isomesh_surfaces. c. Apply. d. Cancel.
Paver and IsoMesh meshes
c
d
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Step 5. Equivalence Nodes (Cont.)
a. Elements: Equivalence / All / Tolerance Cube. b. Equivalencing Tolerance: 0.005. c. Apply.
b c
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Step 6. Show Element Free Edges
a
a. Elements: Verify / Element / Boundaries. b. Display Type: Free Edges. c. Apply.
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Step 7. Post Group solids
a. Group / Post. b. Under Select Groups to Post select solids. c. Apply.
c
Step 8. Create Group fem_solids

a
a. Group / Create. b. New Group Name: fem_solids. c. Check Make Current. d. Apply. e. Cancel.
d
e
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Step 9. IsoMesh for Group fem_solids
a
a. Elements: Create / Mesh / Solid. b. Elem Shape: Hex. c. Mesher: IsoMesh. d. Topology: Hex8. e. Click under Solid List and select all solids in group solids. f. Global Edge Length: 2.0. g. Apply.
b d e f
g
Step 9. IsoMesh for Group fem_solids
These are the IsoMesh meshes of the parametric(blue) solids in group solids. There are 72 Hex8 meshes.
WS6-20
Step 10. Create Group fem_all

a
a. b. c. d.
Group / Create. New Group Name: fem_all. Check Make Current. Check Unpost All Other Groups. e. Group Contents: Add All FEM. f. Apply. g. Cancel.
b c e f g
WS6-21
Step 11. Equivalence All Nodes in Database
a. Elements: Equivalence / All / Tolerance Cube. b. Equivalencing Tolerance: 0.005. c. Apply.
b c
Notice that Hex8 elements are connected to Quad4 elements, as well as other Hex8 elements.
WS6-22
Step 12. Show Element Free Edges
a
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Step 13. Transform Surfaces

a b
f g
a. Group / Move/Copy. b. From Group: isomesh_surfaces. c. To Group: fem_surfaces. d. Check Move. e. Click on Selected Entities... f. Check Nodes and Elements. g. OK. h. Apply.
d e h
WS6-24
Step 14. Post Group fem_surfaces
a. Group / Post. b. Under Select Groups to Post select fem_surfaces. c. Apply. d. Cancel.
c
d
WS6-25
Step 15. Verify Elements
b
a. Elements: Verify / Quad / Aspect. b. Aspect Ratio: 5. c. Apply. Notice that no element failed the test.
c
Step 16. Post Group all_surfaces and solids
a. Group / Post. b. Under Select Groups to Post select all_surfaces and solids. c. Apply. d. When asked, select to make group solids current. e. Cancel.
c
e
WS6-27
Step 17. Create Dead Load from Engine

b a
a. Change view to Smooth shaded. b. Zoom into the area as shown in the figure.
WS6-28
a. Loads / BCs: Create / Total Load / Element Uniform. b. Select on New Set Name and enter dead_load. c. Target Element Type: 2D. d. Input Data. e. Enter <0 -150 0> for Surf Load <F1 F2 F3 >. f. OK. g. Select Application Region. h. Geometry Filter: Geometry. i. Select on Select Surfaces or Edges.
a e
b d g

a
d
a. Preference / Picking. Select Enclose entire entity for Rectangle/Polygon Picking. b. Close. c. Click on Surface or Face icon. d. Select surfaces as shown in the figure. e. Add. f. OK. g. Apply.
c e
f
a. Change to the model region shown in the figure.
WS6-31
f
a. Select on New Set Name and enter dead_load_2. b. Input Data. c. Enter <0 -960 0> for Surf Load <F1 F2 F3 >. d. OK. e. Select Application Region. f. Geometry Filter: Geometry. g. Select on Select Surfaces or Edges.
a b e
b
a. Click on Surface or Face icon. b. Select surfaces as shown in the figure. c. Add. d. OK. e. Apply.
b a c a
WS6-33
a. Your figure should look like the following. b. Zoom out.
b a
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Step 18. Create Operating Engine Static Load
f
a. Select on New Set Name and enter op_static_load. b. Input Data. c. Enter <0 -15 15> for Surf Load <F1 F2 F3 >. d. OK. e. Select Application Region. f. Geometry Filter: Geometry. g. Select on Select Surfaces or Edges.
a b e
b
a c
d
f
a. Select on New Set Name and enter op_static_load_2. b. Input Data. c. Enter <0 -100 100> for Surf Load <F1 F2 F3 >. d. OK. e. Select Application Region. f. Geometry Filter: Geometry. g. Select on Select Surfaces or Edges.
a b e
b
b a c a
d
Although the force directions may appear vertical, they are in fact off angled. You can switch to different views to observe this.
WS6-39
Step 19. Create Gravity Load on Frame
a
a. Loads / BCs: Create / Inertial Load / Element Uniform b. Enter gravity for New Set Name. c. Input Data. d. In Trans Accel <A1 A2 A3> enter <0 386.4 0>. e. OK. f. Apply.
b c
Step 20. Create Constraints for the Frame Support
a
Constrain bottom of rubber supports. a. Loads / BCs: Create / Displacement / Nodal. b. Select on New Set Name: and enter fix_base. c. Select Input Data. d. Enter <0 0 0> for Translations <T1 T2 T3 >. e. OK. f. Click on Select Application Region. g. Select Geometry for Geometry Filter.
g d
b c f
a. Click under Select Geometry Entities. b. Pick the Surface or Face icon. c. Change view to Front view. d. Select all the bottom solid faces of the supports. e. Add. f. OK. g. Apply.
a e b d
f
a b
a. Select on Iso 1 View from the tool bar. b. Display / Load/BC/Elem.Props. c. Unselect LBC/El.Prop. Values. d. Apply. e. Cancel. f. Your figure should look like the following.
d
e
WS6-43
a
Set aluminum as the material of the frame. a. Materials: Create / Isotropic / Manual Input. b. Select on Material Name and enter aluminum. c. Select Input Properties. d. Enter: Elastic Modulus: 10e6. Poisson Ratio: 0.3. Density: 2.61e-4. e. OK. f. Apply.
c e
a
Create different sets of rubber material. With each set there will be different Elastic Modulus to provide different stiffness needed to keep the frame level. a. Materials: Create / Isotropic / Manual Input. b. Select on Material Name and enter rubber. c. Select Input Properties. d. Enter: Elastic Modulus: 60.95. Poisson Ratio: 0.4. e. OK. f. Apply.
c f
a. Select on Material Name and enter rubber_2. b. Select Input Properties. c. Enter: Elastic Modulus: 163.25. Poisson Ratio: 0.4. d. OK. e. Apply. f. Select on Material Name and enter rubber_3. g. Select Input Properties. h. Enter: Elastic Modulus: 398.30. Poisson Ratio: 0.4. i. Ok. j. Apply.
b e d
WS6-46
a. Now create 3 more materials rubber_4, rubber_5, and rubber_6, with Poisson Ratio of 0.4, and Elastic Modulus of: rubber_4: 551.70. rubber_5: 470.10. rubber_6: 572.40.
WS6-47
Step 22. Defining Properties for Frame Structure
a
a. Properties: Create / 2D / Shell. b. Select Property Set Name and enter alframe_flange. c. Select Input Properties. d. Click on Mat Prop Name select aluminum from Select Material. e. Thickness: 0.75. f. OK.
d e b
WS6-48
a. Change view to Front view. b. Click on Select Members. c. Select top and bottom flanges as shown in the figure. d. Add. e. Apply.
Select flange surfaces
b d e

a
a. Preferences / Picking. b. Rectangle/Polygon Picking: Enclose any portion of entity. c. Close. d. Select Property Set Name and enter al_frame_web. e. Select Input Properties. f. Click Mat Prop Name icon and choose aluminum from Select Material. g. Thickness: 0.5. h. OK.
f g
WS6-50
a. Click on Select Members. b. Select the web surfaces(between flanges; trimmed surfaces with holes) of the frame as shown in the figure. c. Add. d. Apply.
Select web surfaces
Flange surface
a c d
Step 23. Defining Properties for Frame Support
a. Properties: Create / 3D / Solid. b. Select Property Set Name and enter support_x1. c. Select Input Properties. d. Click Mat Prop Name icon and choose rubber from Select Material. e. OK.
WS6-52
a. Click on Select Members. b. Select only portion of the first lower left solids of support, as shown in the figure. c. Add. d. Apply.
Select these solids
a c d
a. Select Property Set Name and enter support_x2. b. Input Properties. c. Click on Material Name and select rubber_2. d. OK. e. Click on Select Members. f. Select only portion of the second lower left solids of support, as shown in the figure. g. Add. h. Apply. i. Select Property Set Name and enter support_x3. j. Input Properties. k. Click on Material Name and select rubber_3. l. OK. m. Click on Select Members. n. Select third lower left solids. o. Add. p. Apply PAT301, Workshop 6, October 2003
Select these solids for support_x2
b e g h
WS6-54
a. Select Property Set Name and enter support_x4. b. Input Properties. c. Click on Material Name and select rubber_4. d. OK. e. Click on Select Members. f. Select fourth row of solids. g. Add. h. Apply. i. Select Property Set Name and enter support_x5. j. Input Properties. k. Click on Material Name and select rubber_5. l. OK. m. Click on Select Members. n. Select fifth row of solids. o. Add. p. Apply
b e g h
WS6-55
a. Select Property Set Name and enter support_x6. b. Input Properties. c. Click on Material Name and select rubber_6. d. OK. e. Click on Select Members. f. Select sixth row of solids. g. Add. h. Apply.
b e g h
d
Step 25. Post Group fem_all
a. Group / Post. b. Under Select Groups to Post select fem_all. c. Apply. d. Cancel.
c
d
WS6-58
Step 26. Analysis
Run the analysis of the entire model. a. Analysis: Analyze / Entire Model / Full Run. b. Select Solution Type. c. Choose LINEAR STATIC for Solution Type. d. OK. e. Apply.
a c
b d e
Attach the .xdb file in order to access the results. a. Analysis: Access Results / Attach XDB / Result Entities. b. Click on Select Results File. c. Select and attach the file surf_create_part2.xdb. d. OK. e. Apply.
c d
b e
Step 28. Deformation Results
a
Create a deformed shape plot . a. Results: Create / Deformation. b. Select A1:Static Subcase under Select Result Case(s). c. Select Displacements, Translational under Select Deformation Result. d. Select Display Attributes. e. Click on Model Scale and set the scale to 0.01. f. Unselect Show Undeformed. g. Apply.
d b
e f
g
Step 28. Deformation Results (Cont.)
Display shows the deformed shape of the structure.
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Step 28. Deformation Results (Cont.)
a. Render Style: Shaded. b. Apply.
b
Step 29. Stress Fringe Results
a
a. Create / Fringe. b. Select Stress Tensor under Select Fringe Result. c. Select Position((NONLAYERED)). d. Choose At Z1. e. Close. f. Quantity: von Mises. g. Apply.
c f g
Step 29. Stress Fringe Results (Cont.)
Stress for plate elements
WS6-65
Step 29. Stress Fringe Results (Cont.)
a
a. Create / Fringe. b. Select Stress Tensor under Select Fringe Result. c. Select Position(At Z1). d. Choose NON-LAYERED. e. Close. f. Apply.
b d
Stress for solid elements
e
f
WS6-66
Step 30. Stress Marker Results
a. Reset graphics. b. Create / Marker / Tensor. c. Select Stress Tensor under Select Fringe Result. d. Select Position((NONLAYERED)). e. Choose At Z1. f. Close. g. Check only XX and YY. h. Display Attributes. i. Uncheck Show Max/Min Label. j. Uncheck Show Tensor Label. k. Plot Options. l. Coordinate Transformation: As Is. m. Apply.
b h k
d g f m j
WS6-67
Step 30. Stress Marker Results (Cont.)
a. Zoom in to the figure shown. b. The markers are for XX and YY components of stress using the coordinate transformation As Is(no transformation).
WS6-68
a. Reset graphics. b. Plot Options. c. Coordinate Transformation: Global. d. Apply.
b c
d
a. Your figure should look like the following. b. The only difference between this plot and the previous one is that the coordinate transformation Global was used to create this plot. This means the stress components are displayed in the MSC.Patran global coordinate system.
c. File / Close. This ends this exercise.
WS6-70
WORKSHOP 7 PARASOLID SOLID EXAMPLE
WS7-1
WS7-2
Problem Description
Create a parasolid solid model of a tension fitting. This is done using some of the parasolid tools in MSC.Patran, e.g. boolean. Create a tet10 solid element mesh model, including the needed load and constraint, material and element properties, and analysis input. Run the finite element analysis using MSC.Nastran. Then, display the deformation and stress results in Patran.
WS7-3

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17.
Create a new database for the tension fitting model. Create all the necessary 2D Geometry. Extrude the surface to begin creating the solid model. Create a solid shell by removing part of the solid. Create fillets for all inside edges of the solid. Create holes for the model by creating solid cylinders that pass through it, and then use boolean to subtract the cylinders. Create cylinders to imprint the model. Imprint the solid using the cylinders. Delete the cylinders used for imprinting. TetMesh the completed solid Create loads and constraints on the model that will be used in the analysis. Create material properties for the model. Create the 3D element properties. Check to see that the load case Default has the load and constraint. Run the analysis by sending the model to MSC.Nastran. Access the results by attaching the XDB file. Post-process the results from MSC Nastran.
WS7-4
Step 1. Create New Database for Tension Fitting
d
Create a new database called tension_fitting.db. a. File / New. b. Enter tension_fitting as the file name. c. Click OK. d. Choose Based on Model for Tolerance. e. Choose MSC Nastran and Structural for Analysis Code and Type. f. Click OK.
e f b c
WS7-5
Step 2. Create Surface
Create the Geometry for the tension fitting. a. Geometry : Create / Surface / XYZ. b. Enter <5 2 0>for Vector Coordinates List. c. Enter [0 0 0] for Origin Coordinates List. d. Click Apply.
b c d
WS7-6
Step 2. Create Surface (Cont.)
a
Copy points at opposite corners. a. Click increase Point Size icon to show all points enlarged. b. Geometry : Transform / Point / Translate. c. Enter <0.5 0 0> for Translation Vector. d. Select top-left corner and click Apply. e. Enter <0 0.5 0> for Translation Vector. f. Select bottom-right corner and click Apply.
b d
c e
WS7-7
Create a curve by connecting the two translated points and break the surface with the curve. a. Geometry : Create / Curve / Point. b. Click on one of the two points from translation as the starting point and the other as the ending point.
WS7-8
e
Break the surface and delete the upper portion of the original surface. a. Geometry : Edit / Surface / Break. b. Turn Auto Execute off. c. Select the rectangular surface for the Surface List and the sloped curve for the Break Curve List. d. Click Apply and Yes when message box appears. e. Click the Refresh Graphics icon.
b c
WS7-9
Delete the upper surface (above the break curve). a. Geometry : Delete / Surface. b. Click on the triangular surface for the Surface List. c. Click Apply.
a b c
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Step 3. Extrude the Surface to Create Solid
f
Create a parasolid solid by extruding the surface in the z-direction. a. Geometry : Create / Solid / Extrude. b. Make sure TetMeshable solid icon is selected. c. Enter <0 0 2> for the Translation Vector. d. Select Surface 2 in the Surface List Box. e. Click Iso1 view. f. Click the Smoothshaded icon.
e a b
WS7-11
Step 4. Create a solid shell
Edit the solid using the shell method to create a shelled solid. a. Geometry : Edit / Solid / Shell b. Enter 0.25 for Thickness. Turn off Auto Execute. c. Click on Solid Face List and hold down the shift button and select the top, sloped, and front faces of the solid. d. Click Apply.
a c b c d
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Step 5. Create Fillets
Create the fillets on the inner edges of the solid. a. Geometry : Edit / Solid / Edge Blend. b. Make sure that the constant radius icon is selected. c. Enter 0.25 for Constant Radius. d. Make sure Edges of Solid icon is selected. e. Turn Auto Execute Off. f. Click on Solid Edge List and use the shift-click technique and select the 5 edges on the inside of the solid. It may be necessary to g. Click Apply. rotate the object in order to see then inner edges more easily. This can be done by holding the middle mouse button and moving the mouse. PAT301, Workshop 7, October 2003 WS7-13
e b c
d e f g
Step 6. Create Holes for the Tension Fitting
Create the holes for the tension fitting by creating primitive solids that pass through the solid, then subtracting them. a. Geometry : Create / Solid / Primitive. b. Select the cylinder icon c. Enter 2.0 for the Height and 0.25 for the radius. d. Enter [-1 1.25 1] for the Base Center Point List and Coord 0.1 for the Axis List. e. Click Apply. f. Geometry : Edit / Solid / Boolean. g. Select Subtract icon. h. Select the tension fitting for the Target Solid. i. Select the cylinder for the Subtracting Solid List. PAT301, Workshop 7, October 2003
a b c h i g
d e
WS7-14
Step 6. Create Holes for the Tension Fitting (Cont.)

a
Create the points where the three bottom holes will be placed by translating an existing point and, then translating again. a. Click wireframe icon. b. Geometry : Transform / Point / Translate. c. Enter <0 0 -0.5> for Translation Vector. d. Select point at base edge of fillet. e. Enter <-0.75 0 0> for Translation Vector. f. Select translated point g. Enter <-1.50 0 0> for Translation Vector. h. Enter 2 for repeat count. i. Select translated point.
f h i
d
Step 6. Create Holes for the Tension Fitting (Cont.)
a
Create cylinders using points as base centers and then create holes by subtracting them from the solid. a. Click Smooth shaded icon. b. Geometry : Create / Solid / Primitive. c. Select cylinder icon. d. Enter -1.0 for Height List and 0.125 for Radius List. e. Use the shift-click technique to select the three translated points for Base Center Point List. f. Enter Coord 0.2 for axis list and click Apply. g. Geometry : Edit / Solid / Boolean. h. Select subtract icon i. Select tension fitting as Target Solid. j. Shift-click all three cylinders for Subtracting Solid List. k. Click Apply. PAT301, Workshop 7, October 2003
b c d i j k j h
e f
It may be necessary to rotate the object several times in order to select the cylinders with ease WS7-16
Step 7. Create Cylinders to Imprint Tension Fitting
a
Create a point in the center of the big hole in order to create the cylinder to imprint onto the solid. Then create all four cylinders that will be used for Imprinting. a. Click wireframe icon. b. Geometry : Create / Point / ArcCenter. c. Select the larger hole edge. d. Geometry : Create / Solid / Primitive. e. Select cylinder icon f. Enter 1.0 for Height and 0.371 for Radius. g. Click on point in the center of the big hole. h. Enter Coord 0.1 for Axis List. i. Click Apply. j. Select Smooth Shaded icon.
j c e d
g f
g h i
WS7-17
Step 7. Create Cylinders to Imprint Tension Fitting (Cont.)
a
Now, create the three cylinders that will be used to imprint the base of the tension fitting. a. Click wireframe icon. b. Geometry : Create / Solid / Primitive. c. Select cylinder icon d. Enter 0.5 for Height and 0.298 for Radius. e. Shift-click on point in the center of each of the base holes. f. Enter Coord 0.2 for Axis List. g. Click Apply. h. Select Smooth Shaded icon.
h b
c d
e g f
WS7-18
Step 8. Imprint the Solid
Use the cylinders to imprint the solid and then delete the cylinders, resulting in the finished solid. a. Geometry : Edit / Solid / Imprint. b. Turn off Auto Execute. c. Select the tension fitting for the Solid List. d. Shift-click all four cylinders under Solid to Imprint List. e. Click Apply.
b c d e
The solid may seem unchanged, but the imprints on the solid will not be visible until the all the cylinders have been deleted.
WS7-19
Step 9. Delete the Cylinders
Delete the cylinders and make sure imprint method was completed. a. Geometry : Delete / Solid b. Shift-click all four cylinders for Solid List. c. Click Apply.
b c
The imprints created from the previous step are now visible. Imprinting is used to show where washers on an object will be placed. It allows for application of a total load over the imprinted area, which will be performed later
WS7-20
Step 10. TetMesh the Completed Solid
Create the TetMesh for the tension fitting. a. Elements : Create / Mesh / Solid. b. Make sure Tet, TetMesh, and Tet10 are all selected. c. Click on Input List and select all solid. d. Remove check for Automatic Calculation and enter 0.25 for Global Edge Length. e. Click Apply.
c d
e
Step 11. Create Loads and Constraints
a
Create the loads and constraints for the model. a. Click Smooth Shaded icon b. Loads/BCs : Create / Total Load / Element Uniform. c. Enter Force as the New Set Name. d. Click Input Data e. Enter <-5000 0 0> for the Load and click OK. f. Click Select Application Region g. Select the vertical solid face created by imprinting at the larger hole, then click Add. h. Click OK i. Click Apply.
b e
g c h d f i g
Illustrated here is the desired application region.
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Step 11. Create Loads and Constraints (Cont.)
WS7-23
Create the constraints on the base holes. a. Loads/BCs : Create / Displacement / Nodal. b. Enter Fixed as New Set Name. c. Click Input Data d. Enter <0 0 0> for Translation only, and click OK. e. Click Select Application Region. f. Click on Select Geometry Entities. g. Select Surface or Face icon h. Shift-click the surface(inside) of the three holes on the base, and Click Add. i. Click OK. j. Click Apply.
a d g f h
b i c e j h
WS7-24 Illustrated here is the desired application region for one of the three holes.
WS7-25
Create the material properties for the model. a. Materials : Create / Isotropic / Manual Input b. Enter Aluminum for Material Name. c. Click Input Properties d. Enter 10E6 for Elastic Modulus and 0.3 for the Poisson Ratio. e. Click OK f. Click Apply.
a d
c f
Step 13. Create 3D Element Properties
Create the 3D element properties for the tension fitting. a. Properties : Create / 3D / Solid. b. Enter 3D_tets for Property Set Name. c. Click Input Properties d. Click Mat Prop Name icon. Select Aluminum from Select Material. e. Click OK f. For Application Region, select entire solid by dragging a box around it and click Add. g. Click Apply.
a d
c f e
g
Step 14. Check the Load Case
a
Check the load case Default to make sure that the load and constraint are selected. a. Load Cases : Modify b. Click on the load case name Default. c. Check to see that both the load and constraints are assigned. d. Click Cancel.
d
Run the Analysis with MSC.Nastran. a. Analysis : Analyze / Entire Model / Full Run. b. Click Translation Parameters... c. Make sure XDB and Print is selected. d. Click OK. e. Click Solution Type f. Make sure LINEAR STATIC is selected. g. Click OK. h. Click Apply.
c f
b e g h
Step 16. Access the Results
Attach the XDB file and access the results. a. Analysis : Access Results / Attach XDB / Result Entities. b. Click Select Results File c. Select tension_fitting.xdb and click OK. d. Click Apply.
b d
Step 17. Display Results
Create a deformation plot a. Results : Create / Deformation. b. Select Displacements, Transitional from Select Deformation Result. c. Click Apply.
c
Step 17. Display Results (Cont.)
Erase the geometry and do not show the undeformed model, so that only the deformed model is shown. a. Display : Plot/Erase b. Click Erase under Geometry. c. Click OK. d. Click Display Attributes. e. Remove check from Show Undeformed. f. For the Render Style, choose Shaded. g. Click Apply.
d f b
g
Step 17. Display Results (Cont.)
Here is the deformation plot without the undeformed plot and geometry. It is often more convenient to observe the deformation without the original shape in order to get a better view of the model.
WS7-33
Step 17. Read Results (Cont.)
Plot the von Mises stress for the model. a. Results : Create / Fringe. b. Select Stress Tensor from Select Fringe Result. c. Select Display Attributes, then set Display to Element Edges d. Click Apply. It may also be helpful to change the view several times in order to get a better visualization of the deformations. This can be done either by holding down the middle button on the mouse, or using the view icons. PAT301, Workshop 7, October 2003 WS7-34
a c
WORKSHOP 8 VARIOUS METHODS OF SOLID MESHING
WS8-1
WS8-2
Problem Description
Import a parasolid solid. Use the geometry to create the geometry for use with either the IsoMesh or TetMesh. Create the geometry for use with the IsoMesh by breaking the original solid into a set of six faced blue parametric solids. The actions used to do this are 1) create breaking planes, 2) break the solid several times, 3) refit some of the white solids to be blue solids, and 4) mirror. Create geometry for use with the TetMesh by breaking the original solid two times. This is done only to create solid faces for use in creating pressure loading. The original solid could be TetMeshed as is. Four sets of solids are created. The various sets are meshed with hex8, hex20, tet4 or tet10 topologies. The four models are completed and analyzed using MSC.Nastran. Finally, the results for the models are viewed in MSC.Patran. A brief comparison is made of the results.
WS8-3

1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.
14. 15.
Create a new database called lug.db. Import a parasolid solid using the file lug.xmt. Rename the default group, create a new group, and place a copy of the original solid in the new group. Groups will be used to separate the four models. This will make it easier to work with them. Post(show) only the group for the hex8 element mesh. Create three points to be used for creating a plane for breaking the solid. Create two breaking planes. Break the hex8 solid twice. Create five points, these will be used in creating more breaking planes. Create two more breaking planes. Break the solid twice Create a point and plane. Break the solid. Practice using Plot/Erase, and refit the solids to make all solids blue parametric solids. Delete the unwanted solid(from first break; at top of model). Mirror the five blue solids so that they appear where the deleted solid was.
WS8-4
Suggested Exercise Steps (Cont.)

16. 17. 18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
Create a group for the hex20 mesh model, copy the hex8 geometry into it and post the group with the tet4 geometry. Edit the tet4 geometry by breaking the solid twice. Create a group for the tet10 mesh, copy the tet4 geometry into it, and post all the groups. Create a cylindrical coordinate system at the center of the hole for the hex8 model. Post just the hex8 group, IsoMesh with hex8 topology, then repeat for the hex20 group, using hex20 topology. Post just the tet4 group, TetMesh with tet4 topology, then repeat for the tet10 group, using tet10 topology. Post all four groups. Display the element free edges, equivalence, then display the free edges again. Create pressure loads and constraints for all four models. First, create three more cylindrical coordinate systems for the other three models by translating the original coordinate frame for the hex8 model. Use the coordinate systems to create four fields. Each field corresponds to a unique model. The fields use the function sinr(T). Having created four fields, create four pressure loadings using a scalar factor of 1000.0, so the loading for each model is 1000*sinr(T). Each model is constrained on its back faces.
WS8-5

24. 25.
26. 27.
Create material and element properties. Check the default load case to see that all the pressure and constraints have been applied. Perform the analysis of the four models using MSC.Nastran. Post process the results. First, attach the XDB file. Display the deformed shape with and without the undeformed models and geometry. Add the von Mises stress fringe to the display. Create three more viewports . Post each group to the corresponding viewport. Display the deformed shape and stress fringe for each group in each viewport.
WS8-6
Step 1. Create New Database for 3D Lug
d
Create a new database called lug.db and set the model preferences. a. File / New. b. Enter lug as the file name. c. Click OK. d. Set the Tolerance by clicking on Based on Model. e. Enter 10.0 for the Approximate Model Dimension f. Set the Analysis Code and Analysis Type to MSC.Nastran and Structural, respectively. g. Click OK.
WS8-7
Step 2. Import the Parasolid.xmt File
d a b
Import the existing parasolid and change views. a. File / Import. b. Select lug.xmt and click Apply. c. Click OK. d. Select Iso 1 View icon.
c
Step 2. Import the Parasolid .xmt File (Cont.)
WS8-9
Step 3. Rename, Create New Group, and Translate Geometry.
a d
Rename the default group and create a new group for the Tet4 geometry. a. Group / Modify. b. Click Rename. c. Enter hex8 for new name and click Apply. d. Group / Create. e. Enter tet4 under New Group Name. f. Select Make Current box. g. Click Apply and Cancel.
b c
g
Step 3. Rename, Create New Group, and Translate Geometry (Cont.)
Copy the solid(Solid 1) into the tet4 group. a. Geometry : Transform / Solid / Translate. b. Enter <0 -10 0> under Translation Vector. c. Turn off Auto Execute. Select the solid by dragging the mouse over it. d. Click Apply.
a c
c d
Step 4. Post Only the Hex8 Group.
a e d
Post only the group hex8. a. Group / Post b. Unselect the tet4 group from the list of group names. c. Click Apply then Cancel. d. Click Fit View icon. e. Reset graphics to eliminate the orange lines.
c
Step 5. Create Points for Plane Creation
f
Create the points that will be used later to create several breaking planes. a. Geometry : Create / Point / Extract. b. Make sure the Parametric Position is set to 0.5. c. Turn Auto Execute off. d. Shift-click three edges: the two edges that make up the outer radius of the solid, and one of the back edges. e. Click Apply. f. Increase Point size.
b c c d e
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Step 6. Create the First Two Planes
Create two planes that will be used for breaking the solid. a. Geometry : Create / Plane / 3 Points. b. Click under Point 1 List. Select the first point for the first plane. Then, select the other two points. Note, with Auto Execute on the mouse focus changes to the next line automatically. c. Select next 3 points to create the second plane.
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Step 7. Break Solid
Break the solid using the newly created planes. a. Geometry : Edit / Solid / Break. Plane 2 b. Option : Plane c. Turn off Auto Execute. Select the Lug for Solid List(Solid 1) and Plane 2 for Break Plane List. d. Click Apply. e. Click Yes when message pops up. f. Select lower solid for Solid List(Solid 4) and Plane 1 for Break Plane List. g. Repeat steps d and e.
b c
Plane 1
e
Step 8. Create More Points for Breaking Planes
Create 5 points that will be used to create several planes. a. Geometry : Create / Point / Extract. b. Make sure Parametric Position is set to 0.5. c. Shift select 5 edges: four edges that make up the lower half of the lug-hole, and an edge at the base of the solid. d. Click Apply.
c d
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Step 8. Create More Points (Cont.)
Create points at the center of the hole of the Lug. a. Geometry : Create / Point / ArcCenter b. Turn Auto Execute off. c. Shift click two edges that make up the hole of the lug. d. Click Apply.
a b c d b
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Step 9. Create More Breaking Planes
Create two more planes that will be used to break the solids again. a. Geometry : Create / Plane / 3 Points. b. Select three points that define a plane and it will automatically be created. c. Select the next three points for the next plane.
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Step 10. Break Solids Again
Break the solids again, this time, using the newly created planes. a. Geometry : Edit / Solid / Break. b. Select bottom left portion of solid(Solid 5) and break along Plane 3. c. Click Apply. d. Click Yes when message appears. e. Select bottom right portion of solid(Solid 6) and break along Plane 4. f. Repeat steps c and d.
e c
d
Step 11. Create Final Point and Plane.
Now create the last point that will be used to create one more plane. a. Geometry : Create / Point / Project. b. Select the point at the bottom end of the sloped edge where it intersects with the base, under Point List. c. Select edge normal to the hole. e. Geometry : Create / Plane / 3 Points. f. Select two points along the base of the solid and point from projection.
c f
g b c b d
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Step 12. Break Solid
Break a solid one final time using the recently created plane. a. Geometry : Edit / Solid / Break. b. Option : Plane c. Select solid at bottom-right for Solid List(Solid 9). d. Select Plane 5 for Break Plane List. e. Click Apply. f. Click Yes when message appears.
c d e
f
Step 13. Erase all Geometry, Plot Desired Solids, and Refit
a
Erase all of the geometry from the screen, then plot only the desired five solids. Then, refit the five solids so that they become parametric (blue) solids. a. Click the Plot/Erase icon. b. Shift-click the 5 solids at the bottom of the geometry, under Selected Entities. c. Click the Erase button under Geometry. d. Click the Plot button under Selected Entities and click OK. e. Geometry : Edit / Solid / Refit. f. Option : To TriCubicNet g. Enter 1 for all of the Refit Parameters. h. Select Delete Original Solids. i. Select all five solids by dragging a box around them. j. Click Yes when first message appears and Yes for All when second message appears.
b d
f c g
h i
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Step 14. Replot and Delete Unwanted Geometry
a
Replot all of the geometry and delete all the unwanted sections of the model, namely, the top solid and the planes. a. Click on the Plot/Erase icon. b. Click Plot under Geometry and click OK. c. Geometry : Delete / Solid. d. Select top solid and click Apply. e. Geometry : Delete / Plane f. Select all five planes by dragging a box around the entire solid. g. Click Apply.
e f g
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Step 15. Complete the Geometry for the Hex Mesh
Finish creating all the geometry by mirroring the five parametric solids, producing a complete parametric model. a. Geometry : Transform / Solid / Mirror. b. Select the 3 Points for Plane icon under Define Mirror Plane Normal. c. Make sure the Reverse Solid box is checked d. Select all the solids and click Apply.
b c
Select any 3 points that lie within this plane. This plane will serve as the mirror plane.
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Step 16. Create Group, Copy Geometry, and Post only Tet4 Group
j d g
Create the Hex20 group and translate the geometry. a. Group : Create b. Enter hex20 for New Group Name. c. Click Apply and Cancel. d. Geometry : Transform / Solid / Translate. e. Enter <15 0 0> for Translation Vector. f. Select all ten solids and click Apply. g. Group : Post. h. Select group tet4. i. Click Apply, then Cancel. j. Click Fit View icon.
e b
f c
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Step 17. Edit Solid for TetMesh
Edit the parasolid solid in group tet4 by creating three points, exactly as the first three points were created for the hex8 model. a. Geometry : Create / Point / Extract. b. Make sure the Parametric Position is set to 0.5. c. Shift-click three edges: the two edges that make up the outer radius of the solid, and one of the back edges. d. Click Apply.
b c d
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Step 17. Edit Solid for TetMesh (Cont.)
Continue editing the solid by creating two planes. a. Geometry : Create / Plane / 3 Points. b. Select 3 points to create the first plane. c. Click Apply. d. Select next 3 points to create the second plane. e. Click Apply.
b c
The planes being created in this step have the same relative location as the planes for the hex8 group.
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Step 17. Edit Solid for TetMesh (Cont.)
Break the solid into four parts along the planes, then delete the planes. a. Geometry : Edit / Solid / Break. b. Option : Plane c. Select Solid 2 for Solid List and Plane 2 for Break Plane List. d. Click Apply. e. Click Yes when message pops up. f. Shift-click both halves of the solid for Solid List and select Plane 1 for Break Plane List. g. Repeat steps d and e. h. Geometry : Delete / Plane. i. Select all planes and click Apply.
c f d c
e
Step 18. Create Group, Translate Geometry, and Post All
a g
d
Create a final group, tet10, and Translate(copy) the newly created solids. Then post all four models. a. Group : Create b. Enter tet10 under New Group Name. c. Click Apply, then Cancel. d. Geometry : Transform / Solid / Translate. e. Enter <15 0 0> for Translation Vector. f. Select all four solids in group tet4 and click Apply. g. Group : Post. h. Click Select All button. i. Click Apply, then Cancel.
e b
f c i
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Step 18. Create Group, Translate Geometry, and Post All (Cont.)
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Step 19. Create a Coordinate System
Create a cylindrical coordinate system for the hex8 model. This coordinate frame will later be used to apply a radial pressure. It is not necessary to create coordinate frames for the other models, because this frame will later be translated to the other three models. a. Geometry : Create / Coord / 3Point. b. Type : Cylindrical. c. Select 3 points (as indicated).
a
Point on Plane 1-3
b
Origin Point on Axis 3
This is what the coordinate system should look like for the hex8 model.
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Step 20. IsoMesh the Hex8 and Hex20 Groups

h a
Mesh solids for the hex8 and hex 20 groups using the IsoMesher. a. Group : Post b. Select the hex8 group. c. Click Apply, then Cancel. d. Elements : Create / Mesh / Solid. e. Select Hex, IsoMesh, and Hex8. f. Remove check on Automatic Calculation and enter 0.5 for Global Edge Length. g. Select the hex8 geometry and click Apply. h. Repeat steps a through g, posting the hex20 group, selecting Hex20 instead of Hex8 for the Topology and applying it to the hex20 geometry.
e
Note the difference between the hex8 and hex20 meshes, namely the midsize nodes.
g f
It may be necessary click the Refresh Graphics and the Fit View icons when switching from group to group. WS8-32
Step 21. TetMesh the Tet4 and Tet10 Groups
Now, create the final two meshes for the remaining models. This time, the TetMesh-er will be utilized. a. Group : Post b. Select the tet4 group. c. Click Apply, then Cancel. d. Elements : Create / Mesh / Solid. e. Select Tet, TetMesh, and Tet4. f. Select the tet4 geometry, Solid 35:38, for the Input List. g. Remove check on Automatic Calculation and enter 0.5 for Global Edge Length. h. Click on Assembly Parameters and and click on Match Parasolid Faces. I. Select tet4 solids again. j. Click Apply. k. Repeat steps a through j, posting the tet10 group, selecting Tet10 for the Topology instead of Tet4, and applying it to the tet10 geometry.
e
Note the absence or presence of midsize nodes.
f g h i j h
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Step 22. Observe Element Free Edges of Meshed Solids
Post all four groups and observe the element free edges. a. Group : Post. b. Select all four groups. c. Click Apply, then Cancel. d. Elements : Verify / Element / Boundaries. e. Click Apply (Observe the free element edges of meshes. This can be easily remedied by equivalencing the meshes), f. Elements : Equivalence / All / Tolerance Cube. g. Click Apply. h. Elements : Verify / Element / Boundaries. i. Click Apply. It is not necessary to post each group and equivalence each model. The equivalence All action is applied to all 4 models. PAT301, Workshop 8, October 2003
d
The yellow lines indicate the element free edges. Here, the elements are not connected.
f
After equivalencing, the elements are connected and the only yellow lines are for the desired free edges.
g
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Step 23. Create Loads and Boundary Conditions
In order to create the loads and boundary conditions, the cylindrical coordinate system for the hex8 model must be translated to the remaining models. a. Geometry : Transform / Coord / Translate. b. Enter <15 0 0> for Translation Vector. c. Select Coord 1 for Coordinate Frame List. d. Repeat steps a through c for creating Coords 3 and 4 using <0 -10 0> for the Translation Vector,and selecting both coordinate frames Coord 1 and Coord 2 for the Coordinate Frame List. PAT301, Workshop 8, October 2003 WS8-35
Step 23. Create Loads and Boundary Conditions (Cont.)
a
Create a field for each pressure loading. a. Click on the Smooth Shaded icon. b. Fields : Create / Spatial / PCL Function. c. Enter sin_pressure_hex8 for Field Name. d. Select Coord 1 for Coordinate System. e. Enter sinr(T) for Scalar Function and click Apply. f. Create 3 more fields by following steps c through e. Refer to the table below for the corresponding field names and coordinate frames.
Field Name sin_pressure_hex8 sin_pressure_hex20 sin_pressure_tet4 sin_pressure_tet10 Coordinate System Coord 1 Coord 2 Coord 3 Coord 4
d e
There should be four different fields, and each field name should reference a corresponding coordinate frame (i.e., there should be one field per model.) When creating the fields it is not necessary to post each group separately.
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Create four pressures, one for each model, using the created fields. a. Loads/BCs : Create : Pressure / Element Uniform. b. Enter hex8 for New Set Name. c. Click on Input Data d. Enter 1000 under Load/BC Set Scale Factor. e. Under Pressure, select sin_pressure_hex8 from Spatial Fields. f. Click OK.
d e
b f c
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Set the application region for the pressure. a. Click on the Select Application Region. b. Shift-click the four faces (as indicated) and click Add. c. Click OK. d. Click Apply
Select b these four faces for the application region for the hex8 pressure.
c a d

Pressure Name hex8 hex20 tet4 tet10 Spatial Field sin_pressure_hex8 sin_pressure_hex20 sin_pressure_tet4 sin_pressure_tet10
Repeat the previous steps for the remaining three pressures, zooming in on each model as needed. After all four pressures are created, click the Fit view icon to show all the models. The viewport should match the illustration below. Included is a table of the pressure names and the corresponding spatial fields.
These are four typical faces where the pressures for the hex8 and hex20 groups should be applied.
These are two typical faces where the pressures for the tet4 and tet10 groups should be applied.
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Create constraints on each model with just one constraint set. a. Loads/BCs : Create / Displacement / Nodal. b. Enter constraint for New Set Name. c. Click Input Data d. Enter <0 0 0> for Translations only. e. Click OK. f. Click Select Application Region g. Click the Surface or Face icon. h. Shift-click the back faces of all the models(see next page) and click Add, then OK. i. Click Apply.
a d g h g b e f i
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Step 24. Create Material and Element Properties
Create the material properties for the models. a. Materials : Create / Isotropic / Manual Input. b. Enter Aluminum for Material Name. c. Click Input Properties d. Enter 10E6 and 0.3 for the Elastic Modulus and Poisson Ratio, respectively. e. Click OK. f. Click Apply.
a d
c f
Step 24. Create Material and Element Properties (Cont.)
a
Create the element properties using one property set. a. Properties : Create / 3D / Solid. b. Enter Solid for Property Set Name. c. Click Input Properties d. Click on Mat Prop Name icon and select aluminum. e. Click OK. f. For Application Region, select all solids, and click Add. g. Click Apply.
c f e
g
Check the load case Default to ensure that all the pressure loads and the constraint have been included. a. Load Cases : Modify. b. Click on load case name Default. c. Make sure all the loads and constraint are listed, and click Cancel.
Even though there are four disjoint(unrelated) models in this database, MSC.Patran views them as one model. MSC.Nastran will solve the models as one model as long is each model is correctly defined.
c
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Step 26. Run Analysis
Run the analysis by submitting the model to MSC.Nastran. a. Analysis : Analyze / Entire Model / Full Run. b. Click Translation Parameters c. Make sure XDB and Print is selected for Data Output and click OK. d. Click on Solution Type e. Make sure Linear Static is selected and click OK. f. Click Apply.
f
Step 27. Read and Display Analysis Results
Read and compare the results for the four models. First, attach the XDB file. a. Analysis : Access Results / Attach XDB / Result Entities. b. Click Select Results File c. Select lug.xdb and click OK. d. Click Apply.
b d
Step 27. Read and Display Analysis Results (Cont.)
e
Create a deformation plot of all four models. It will be difficult to see the deformation with the undeformed shape and geometry posted. So, unpost both. a. Results : Create / Deformation. b. Select Displacements, Transitional and click Apply. c. Click on the Display Attibutes icon. d. Remove check from Show Undeformed and Show Title and click Apply. e. Click on Plot/Erase icon. f. Click Erase under Geometry, and click OK.
a c f
b d
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Plot the von Mises stress for each of the models. a. Results : Create / Fringe. b. Select Stress, Tensor and von Mises. c. Click Apply.
c

Here is the deformed shape plotted with the von Mises stress. Note that it is somewhat difficult making a comparison between each of the models because each model is referenced to the same color chart. Throughout the next series of steps, each model will be assigned to an individual view port. This will allow for much easier comparisons between each model.
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a
Modify the current viewport and create three others. a. Viewport : Modify. b. Click Rename c. Enter hex8 under Rename As. d. Click Apply, then Cancel. e. Viewport : Create. f. Enter hex20 and click Apply. g. Repeat step for creating viewports tet4 and tet10. h. Click Cancel. i. Viewport : Tile. There should now be four separate viewports. The next step will involve posting only one unique group per viewport.
c d
f h
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d a
Unpost the Coordinate frames and post each model with its corresponding viewport. a. Click on Display: Coord. Frames b. Select Unpost All and click OK. c. Select the hex8 viewport by clicking on it. d. Group : Post. e. Select the hex8 group and click Apply. f. Click on the Fit view icon. g. Follow steps d through g for the remaining viewports, selecting each one and posting the corresponding group. h. Cancel from the group dialogue. PAT301, Workshop 8, October 2003
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Create the deformation and the fringe of the von Mises Stress for the model in each viewport. a. Make the viewport hex8 current by clicking in it. b. Results : Create / Deformation. c. Select Displacements, Transitional and click Apply. d. Results : Create / Fringe. e. Select Stress Tensor and von Mises. f. Click Apply. g. Repeat steps a through f for the remaining viewports.
c d
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Here is an illustration of the four tiled viewports with the corresponding model and results, each having a maximum stress value indicated. Note the similarity between results for the hex meshes and the tet10 mesh. The tet4 mesh model is very inaccurate. The TetMesh is a very convenient approach because it is not necessary to break up the solid into many parts, unlike the IsoMesh technique.
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WORKSHOP 9 ANCHOR GEOMETRY CREATION
WS9-1
WS9-2
Problem Description
In this exercise you will first create a new database and then import CAD geometry using an IGES file. It consists of several trimmed and simple surfaces. Note the surfaces that are imported make-up one-quarter of the model. Once the geometry is imported, you will create several new surfaces to complete the model full model. Then you will create a solid from the surfaces. It will be a B-rep solid (Boundary representation).
WS9-3

1. 2.
3. 4.
5.
6.
7.
Create a new database and name it Anchor.db. Set New Model Preferences Tolerance to Based on Model with an Approximate Maximum Model Dimension of 70. Set the Analysis Code to MSC.NASTRAN and Analysis Type to structural. Import the IGES file Anchor.igs. Using the Viewing icons change the orientation of the model to better visualize it in. Create a missing surface by using Create/Surface/Curve/2 Curve. Create second missing surface by using Create/Surface/Trimmed/Planar and Auto Chain to connect free surface edges. Delete the two surfaces that would be interior to the solid. The solid will be created by mirroring the surfaces twice.
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8.
9.
10. 11. 12. 13. 14.
Make surface for constraining using bolt and washer. Create center points by ArcCenter method. Create cylindrical coordinate system using the points that were just created. Transform free surface edge by translating using cylindrical coordinate system. Break the surface into two surfaces. Create surface for pressure load. Break surface by parametric option. Add vertices. Mirror surfaces. Mirror surfaces again. Create solid by using B-rep method. Show just final solid. Close and Exit MSC.Patran.
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Step 1: Create New Database

a a
Create new database. a. File / New b. Specify database name in File name, Anchor.db c. Click OK.
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Step 2: Set Model Preferences
New Model Preferences form Select Based on Model for Tolerance. a. Enter 70 for Model Dimension. b. Select MSC.Nastran for Analysis Code. c. Select Structural for Analysis Type. d. Click OK.
a b c d
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Step 3: Import Geometry from an IGES file
a d
b c
Import an IGES file a. File / Import b. Select Model for Object. c. Select IGES for Source. d. Select Anchor.igs for File name. e. Click Apply. f. Click OK in Import Summary window.
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Step 4: View
Use icons for viewing a. Click Iso 3 View icon. b. Click Fit view icon. c. Click Smooth shaded icon. d. Click Mouse rotate XY icon and use the middle button of the mouse to rotate as needed.
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Step 5: Create First Missing Surface Using Two Edges

a
Create Missing Surface a. Rotate the model as needed to achieve this view. b. Geometry: Create / Surface / Curve. c. Select 2 Curve for Option. d. See Figure for Starting Curve List. e. See Figure for Ending Curve List.
d e
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Step 6: Create Second Missing Surface
Use trimmed method to create surface. a. Geometry: Create / Surface / Trimmed. b. Select Planar for Option. c. Click Auto Chain d. Continue
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Step 6: Create Second Missing Surface (Cont.)

a a
Pick any free surface edge to start Patran will select an adjacent congruent surface edge If edge is desired for loop, click OK. If edge is not desired, click Next until desired edge is found, then click OK. Use trimmed method to create surface. a. Rotate the model and zoom in as needed to achieve this view. b. See figure for Select a Start Curve. c. Click Next and OK as needed; see next page for detailed picture.
c c
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To navigate around the free surface edges it is necessary to use the Next and OK buttons in the Auto Chain form. a. At the first set of edges encountered (two edges one vertical and the other horizontal going to the left) Patran chooses the vertical one. This is marked by a magenta colored dot. b. Click Next. This causes Patran to choose the other edge(desired), now marked by a magenta dot. c. This edge is desired, so click OK. d. Continue doing this(using Next and/or OK) until a closed path(set of edges) is specified back at the starting location. e. Click Cancel.
Wrong Edge, So Click Next
Correct Edge, So Click OK
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Use trimmed method to create surface. (Cont.) a. Click in Outer Loop List box. b. Select Curve icon. c. Select Curve 1 for Outer Loop List. d. Click Apply. e. Answer Yes to deleting original curves.
c b a
Completed Trimmed Surface
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Step 7: Delete Unnecessary Internal Surfaces
Delete Surfaces that are not to be in the interior of the solid that is being created. a. Geometry: Delete / Any. b. See figure, and select two surfaces for Geometric Entity List(turn off Auto Execute toggle, and use shift key for picking both surfaces). c. Click Apply.
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Step 8: Create Points at Center of Arcs
Create point at center of arc for cylindrical coordinate system. a. Geometry: Create / Point / ArcCenter. b. Turn Auto Execute off. c. See figure, select two edges for Curve List. d. Click Apply.
b c d
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Step 8: Create Cyl Coord System from Center Points (Cont.)

c g c
Create coordinate system using 3Point method. a. Geometry: Create / Coord / 3Point b. Select Cylindrical for Type. c. Click Wireframe icon and Point size icon(increase Point size). d. See figure for Origin. e. See figure for Point on Axis 3 (Zaxis). f. See figure for Point on Plane 1-3. g. Reduce the Point size and shade the model using the Smooth shaded icon.
d e f
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Step 8: Create Curve by Translating Method (Cont.)
Create curve by translating surface edge. a. Geometry: Transform / Curve / Translate. b. Select Curvilinear in Refer. CF for Type of Transformation. c. Select Coord 1 for Refer.Coordinate Frame. d. Enter <2 0 0> for Translation Vector. e. See figure for Curve List.
b c d
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Step 8: Break Surface (Cont.)
Break a surface into two surfaces. a. Geometry: Edit / Surface / Break. b. Select Curve for Option. c. See Figure for Surface List. d. Click Curve icon. e. See Figure for Break Curve List. f. Answer Yes when asked the question about deleting original surfaces.
c e
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Step 9: Break Surface by Parametric
Use parametric option to break surface for application of pressure on top of hole a. Geometry : Edit / Surface / Break. b. Select Parametric for Option. c. Select Constant v Direction for Break Direction. d. Select 0.5 for Break Curve Parametric Value. e. See figure for Surface List. f. Note: Surface 3 should be broken horizontally. g. Answer Yes to deleting original surfaces.
b c d
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Step 9: Add Vertices For Congruency (Cont.)
Add vertices so the surfaces will be congruent where Surface 3 was broken. a. Geometry: Edit / Surface / Add Vertex. b. Turn Auto Execute On. c. See figure for Point List. d. See figure for Surface. e. Repeat for the other side using the same steps.
a b c d e
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Step 10: Mirror Surfaces

a
Mirror surfaces a. Set the display to Iso 3 View. b. Geometry: Transform / Surface / Mirror. c. Click in the Define Mirror Plane Normal, then click 3 points for the plane icon. d. See Figure to select points for Define Mirror Plane Normal. The 3 points selected can be anywhere in the plane. e. Select all surfaces for Surface List.
c d
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Step 11: Mirror Surfaces Again
Mirror surfaces again a. Geometry: Transform / Surface / Mirror. b. Click in the Define Mirror Plane Normal, then click 3 points for the plane icon c. See Figure to select points for Define Mirror Plane Normal. Choose any Points in the plane. d. Select all surfaces for Surface List.
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Step 12: Create B-rep Solid
Create B-rep solid from the congruent surfaces. a. Geometry : Create / Solid / B-rep. b. Select all surfaces for Surface List.
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Step 13: Show Just Solid
a b
Show just the B-rep. solid a. Click Wireframe icon. b. Click Plot/Erase icon. c. Click Geometric Entity icon in Picking Filter, then click Solid icon. d. Select Solid 1 for Selected Entities. e. Click Erase for All. f. Click Plot to show just the solid.
d f
c c e
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Step 14: Quit MSC.Patran
a
Quit MSC.Patran a. Select File on the Menu Bar and select Quit from the drop down menu
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WORKSHOP 10 Tetmeshing Anchor Geometry and Verifying Mesh Quality
WS10-1
PAT301, Workshop 10,October 2003
WS10-2
Problem Description
Create a tetrahedral mesh using the mesher TetMesh. See the effect of two TetMesh parameters on the mesher by re-meshing and changing the value of the parameters. For both meshes, determine the quality of the tet elements.
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1. 2.
3.
4. 5.
6.
7. 8.
Open existing database Anchor.db Tet mesh geometric solid Solid 1 using Elements / Create / Mesh / Solid / TetMesh. Elements are to be Tet10 (parabolic), and the element size (Global Edge Length) 5.0 View free faces using Elements / Verify / Element / Boundaries / Free Faces. Determine the quality of the tet elements using Elements / Verify / Tet / All. Obtain a fringe (color) plot for the aspect ratio for the tet elements using Elements / Verify / Tet / Aspect. Re-mesh using different values for TetMesh Parameters Create more elements at curved geometry by reducing Maximum h/L to 0.05 and Minimum Edge Length by reducing the multiplier from 0.2 to 0.1. Re-mesh using TetMesh. Repeat Step 4 for the new mesh. Quit MSC.Patran.
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Step 1: Open Database
Open existing database Anchor.db a. File/Open. b. Select Anchor.db. c. Click OK.
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Step 2: Tet Mesh Geometric Solid
i
Mesh the solid. a. Elements: Create / Mesh/ Solid. b. Select Tet for Elem Shape. c. Select TetMesh for Mesher. d. Select Tet10 for Topology. e. Use default values for TetMesh Parameters f. Select Solid 1 for Input List. g. Enter 20.0 for Value of the Global Edge Length. h. Click Apply. i. Click Smooth Shaded icon.
b d c e
f g
h
PAT301, Workshop 10,October 2003 WS10-6
Step 3: Verify Boundaries
Look at the free faces of the tet elements. a. Elements: Verify / Element / Boundaries. b. Select Free Faces for Display Type. c. Click Apply.
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Step 4: Determine Element Quality Using All Tests
Determine the quality of each tet element. a. Element: Verify / Tet / All. b. Click Apply. c. See spread sheet on next page, Continued
b
Step 4: Determine Element Quality Using All Tests (Cont.)

Results of quality checks. a. Test performed b. Number of elements that failed test Results of quality checks. c. Poorest quality check result d. Element that had poorest quality check result
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Step 5: Element Aspect Ratio Using Fringe Plot
e a
Create a color fringe plot for the tet element aspect ratio.. a. Element: Verify / Tet / Aspect. b. Adjust Aspect Ratio to a value near 5. c. Click Apply. d. Obtain fringe plot. e. Click View Corner icon and drag to show close-up view.
e c
Step 6: Re-Tet Mesh Geometric Solid
Re-mesh the solid to try to create an improved mesh. a. Elements: Create / Mesh / Solid. b. Select Tet for Elem Shape. c. Select TetMesh for Mesher. d. Select Tet10 for Topology. e. Click TetMesh Parameters f. Enter 0.05 for Maximum h/L. g. Enter 0.1 for Global Edge Length multiplier. h. Click OK. i. Select Solid 1 for Input List. j. Enter 20.0 for Value. k. Click Apply. l. Click Yes for delete the existing mesh on Solid 1.
b e i j d c f g
h k
Step 7: Element Quality Using All Tests for New Mesh
Original Mesh
Re-Mesh
The tables above illustrate the differences between the first mesh and the re-mesh. Observe the large improvements made in each of the characteristics of the model after the remesh.
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a
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WORKSHOP 11 ANCHOR LOADS AND BOUNDARY CONDITIONS USING A FIELD
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Problem Description
The anchor TetMesh that was created previously has two types of loads and boundary conditions applied to it. First, a pressure load is applied. To do this, it is necessary to create a cylindrical coordinate system where the pressure is to be applied. Then, a field (PCL function) sin() is created. Finally, the pressure is created at the top of the two holes found at the top of the model. In addition, constraints where the three washers are to be placed are created. The washers are to go at the top of the three holes at the bottom of the model.
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1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Open an existing database called Anchor.db. Plot only the solid created and geometric points. Create a point at the center of an arc where the pressure load will be applied. Do this again. Create a cylindrical coordinate system using the two points just created. Create a sinusoidal field for the pressure load. Create pressure load at the top of the two highest holes in the solid. Create constraints where the three washers are to be. Show all Loads/BCs markers. Quit MSC.Patran.
WS11-4
Step 1. Open Database
Open existing database called Anchor.db a. File / Open. b. Select Anchor.db. c. Click OK.
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Step 2. Plot Only Solid and Points
a b
Plot only the solid and geometric points. a. Click Wireframe icon. b. Click Plot/Erase icon. c. Click Erase for All. d. Enter Solid 1 Point1:# for Selected Entities. e. Click Plot then OK. f. Click View corners icon and see figure for dragging.
d e f
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Step 3. Create Point at Center of Arc
Create point at center of arc using ArcCenter. a. Geometry: Create / Point / ArcCenter. b. See Figure for Curve List. Make sure to select on the Edge icon.
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Step 4. Create Cylindrical Coordinate System
Create cylindrical coordinate system using 3Point method. a. Geometry: Create / Coord / 3Point. b. Select Cylindrical for Type. c. See figure for Origin. d. See figure for Point on Axis 3. e. See figure for Point on Plane 1-3.
b c e
c d d e
WS11-8
Step 5. Create Field for Pressure Loading
Create field that uses sin (theta). a. Fields : Create / Spatial / PCL Function. b. Enter sine_theta for Field Name. c. Select Scalar for Field Type. d. Select Real for Coordinate System Type. e. Select Coord 2 for Coordinate System. f. Enter sinr( then pick T at the bottom of the form. Then, close expression with ). g. Click Apply.
c d e
f
Step 6. Create Pressure Loading
Use the field to create pressure loading. a. Loads/BCs: Create / Pressure / Element Uniform. b. Enter pressure_load for New Set Name. c. Click Input Data d. Enter 1000 for Load/BC Set Scale Factor. e. Click in the Pressure box then select sine_theta from the Spatial Fields box. f. Click OK.. g. Click Select Application Region
d e
f c g
WS11-10
Step 6. Create Pressure Loading (Cont.)
Select entities for application region for pressure loading. a. Select Geometry for Geometry Filter. b. See Figure for Select Solid Faces. Select the four faces at top of holes. c. Click Add. d. Click OK. e. Click Apply.
b c
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Step 6. Create Pressure Loading (Cont.)
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Step 7. Constrain at Washers
Constraint at location of three washers. a. Loads/BCs: Create / Displacement / Nodal. b. Enter fix_at_washers. c. Click Input Data d. Enter <0,0,0> for Translations <T1 T2 T3> only. e. Click OK f. Click Select Application Region..
a d
c f e
WS11-13
Step 7. Constrain at Washers (Cont.)
Select solid faces at location of washers a. Use Mouse rotate icon and rotate to the view as shown. b. Click Smooth Shade icon. (easier to view) c. Select Geometry for Geometry Filter. Click on the Surface or face icon. d. See Figure for Select Geometry Entities. (8 faces) e. Click Add, OK and Apply. f. Click Wireframe icon.
d e
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Step 8. Plot Loads/ BCs Markers for Pressure and Constraints
Plot markers for load and boundary conditions. a. Loads/BCs: Plot Markers. b. Select Displ_fix_at_washers and Press_pressure_load for Assigned Load/BC Sets. c. Select Current Viewport for Group filter. d. Select default_group for Select Groups. e. Click Apply.
c d
e
Step 9. Quit MSC.Patran
a
WS11-16
WORKSHOP 12 CANTILEVERED BEAM USING 1D OR 2D ELEMENTS AND ANALYSIS
WS12-1
WS12-2
Problem Description
Model a cantilevered box beam with a static load at the free end. Create two models using 2D or 1D elements. The load is offset from the centerline of the beam it is at a corner of the free end of the box beam. For the 1D element model use a Multi-Point-Constraint (MPC) to offset the load. Compare the results of the analysis for the two models.
WS12-3

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
8. 9. 10.
11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
16. 17.
Start MSC.Patran and create a new database cant_beam_2D.db. Create 5x1x1.5 parametric solid. Create 2D Quad4 mesh on the four long sided faces of the solid. Display element free edges. Connect Quad4 elements together using equivalence. Display element free edges (after equivalencing). Apply concentrated force at free end of cantilevered beam and offset from beam centerline. Constrain (fix) cantilevered end of beam. Create material properties for beam; use aluminum properties. Create properties for Quad4 elements. They include both bending and membrane properties. Check load case. Perform linear static analysis for 2D model. Read results by attaching the MSC.Nastran xdb results file. View the deformation results. View both the deformation and stress results; save a copy of the database to be used later for a transient analysis of the beam. Create a database for the 1D element model, cant_beam_1D.db. Create a <5 0 0> curve.
WS12-4

18. 19. 20. 21.
22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28.
Mesh the curve with 1D bar elements, Bar2. Create a rigid link (MPC) for force application at free end of cantilevered beam. Create a concentrated force at the free end of the MPC. Apply constraints at cantilevered end of the beam. Constrain all six degrees of freedom. Create beam material properties; use aluminum properties. Create element properties for 1D elements. Use the Beam Library and select the rectangular cross-section option. Check load case. Perform linear static analysis for 1D model. Read results using the xdb file. View both the deformation and stress results for the 1D model. Compare the 2D and 1D model results.
WS12-5
Step 1. Create a Database for 2D Element Model
d
Create a new database for 2D element model. a. File / New. b. Enter cant_beam_2D as the file name. c. Click OK. d. Choose Default Tolerance. e. Select MSC.Nastran as the Analysis Code. f. Select Structural as the Analysis Type. g. Click OK.
e f b c g
WS12-6
Step 2. Create Solid Geometry
a. Geometry: Create / Solid / XYZ. b. Select on Vector Coordinates List and enter < 5 1 1.5 >. c. Apply. d. Change view to Iso 1 View.
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Step 3. Create 2D Element Mesh
a. Elements: Create / Mesh / Surface. b. Element Shape: Quad. c. Mesher: IsoMesh. d. Topology: Quad4. e. Click on Surface List and select the four long faces of the solid, not including the end faces. f. Uncheck Automatic Calculation. g. Enter 0.5 for Global Edge Length. h. Apply.
e f g
h
Step 4. Display Free Edges
a
a. Elements: Verify / Element / Boundaries. b. Display Type: Free Edges. c. Apply. d. As shown in the figure, yellow lines along the solid edges should appear
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Step 5. Connect the Elements Together
a. Elements: Equivalence / All / Tolerance Cube. b. Apply.
Notice that magenta colored circles are drawn where nodes are equivalenced.
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Step 6. Display Free Edges Again
a b
No longer do the yellow lines in the long direction appear. This means that the adjacent 2D quad elements are connected.
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Step 7. Apply a Force at One End
a
a. Loads / BCs: Create / Force / Nodal. b. Select on New Set Name and enter force. c. Input Data. d. Enter <0 -10 0> for Force <F1 F2 F3 >. e. OK. f. Select Application Region. g. Geometry Filter: Geometry. h. Click on Select Geometry Entities. i. Select Point or Vertex icon from the Pick Menu.
g d i
b c
e f
WS12-12
Step 7. Apply a Force at One End (cont.)

a
a. Turn on the Point labels. b. Select on the point(Point 7) as shown in the figure. c. Add. d. OK. e. Apply.
Close-Up
c
Note that selecting Point 7 and Vertex Solid 1.2.2.2 is equivalent.
d
Step 8. Create Constraints
a
Constrain beam at other end, fixing all six degrees of freedom at all nodes. a. Loads / BCs: Create / Displacements / Nodal. b. Select on New Set Name: and enter fix_end. c. Select Input Data. d. Enter <0 0 0> for Translations <T1 T2 T3 > and Rotations <R1 R2 R3>. e. OK. f. Click on Select Application Region. g. Select Geometry for Geometry Filter. h. Click on Select Geometry Entities. i. Select Curve or Edge icon for the picking. PAT301, Workshop 12, October 2003
g d h
b f c e
WS12-14
Step 8. Create Constraints (Cont.)
a. Select the four solid edges as shown in the figure. b. Add. c. OK. d. Apply.
Select these edges
c
a
a. Materials: Create / Isotropic / Manual Input. b. Select on Material Name and enter aluminum. c. Select Input Properties. d. Enter: Elastic Modulus: 10e6. Poisson Ratio: 0.3. e. OK. f. Apply.
c f
Step 10. Create Element Properties for the 2D Quad Topology
a. Properties: Create / 2D / Shell. b. Option(s): Homogeneous / Standard Formulation. c. Select Property Set Name and enter alum_2D. d. Select Input Properties. e. Click on Material Property Name icon and select aluminum under Select Existing Material. f. Thickness: 0.1. g. OK.
a f
c b d g
WS12-17
Step 10. Create Element Properties for the 2D Quad Topology (Cont.)
a. Click on Select Members. b. Select the four long solid faces. c. Add. d. Apply. e. Turn off the Point labels.
a c
d
a
a. Load Cases: Modify. b. Select Default in Select Load Case to Modify. c. Check that all Loads and BCs are selected. d. Cancel..
d
a
Run the analysis of the model. a. Analysis: Analyze / Entire Model / Full Run. b. Select Solution Type. c. Choose LINEAR STATIC for Solution Type. d. OK. e. Apply.
b d
a
Attach the .xdb file to read the results. a. Analysis: Access Results / Attach XDB / Result Entities. b. Click on Select Results File. c. Select and attach cant_beam_2D.xdb. d. OK. e. Apply.
b e
Step 14. View Results
a b a. Results: Create / Deformation. b. Select Results icon. c. Select A1:Static Subcase under Select Result Cases. d. Select Displacements, Translational under Select Deformation Result. e. Show As: Resultant. f. Apply. d
e
Step 14. View Results (Cont.)
a
a. Results: Create / Fringe. b. Select A1:Static Subcase under Select Result Cases. c. Select Stress Tensor under Select Fringe Result. d. Quantity: X Component. e. Select Plot Options button. f. Coordinate Transformation: Global. g. Apply.
e b f
d
Step 15. Stress Results and Save a Copy of the Database
d
Display X component of stress fringe plot. Save a copy of this database for use later for a transient simulation. a. File / Save a Copy as... b. File name: cant_beam_transient.db. c. Save. d. File / Quit.
WS12-24
Step 16. Create a New Database for 1D Element Model
d
Create a new database for 1D element model. a. File / New. b. Enter cant_beam_1D as the file name. c. Click OK. d. Choose Default Tolerance. e. Select MSC.Nastran as the Analysis Code. f. Select Structural as the Analysis Type. g. Click OK.
e f b c g
WS12-25
Step 17. Create Curve Geometry
a. Geometry: Create / Curve / XYZ. b. Select on Vector Coordinates List and enter < 5 0 0 >. c. Apply. d. Change view to Iso 1 View.
WS12-26
Step 18. Create 1D Element Mesh
a. Elements: Create / Mesh / Curve. b. Topology: Bar2. c. Click on Curve List and select the curve. d. Enter 0.5 for Global Edge Length. e. Apply.
a c b c d
e
Step 19. Create a Rigid Link at Force End

a
Create a rigid link at the end of the beam where the load will be applied. That will offset the load so it will be applied equivalent to that for the prior 2D model. a. Turn on the node labels. b. Elements: Create / Node / Edit. c. Select on Node Location List and enter [5, 0.5, 0.75]. d. Apply.
This will give Node 12, where the load will be applied.
c d
WS12-28
Step 19. Create a Rigid Link (Cont.)
a. Elements: Create / MPC / RBE2. b. Select Define Terms. c. Select Create Dependent. d. Turn off Auto Execute. e. Click on Node List and select Node 11 from the figure. f. DOFs: specify UX, UY, UZ, RX, RY, RZ. g. Apply.
b d e
f g
Step 19. Create a Rigid Link (Cont.)
a. Notice that Create Independent is active now. b. Click on Node List and select Node 12 from the figure. c. Apply. d. Cancel. e. Apply.
a b c
PAT301, Workshop 12, October 2003 WS12-30 Notice that a magenta colored line was drawn from Node 11 to Node 12. This represents the rigid RBE2 MPC.
Step 20. Create a Concentrated Force
a
Apply a force at the free end of the MPC. a. Loads / BCs: Create / Force / Nodal. b. Select on New Set Name and enter force-1D. c. Input Data. d. Enter <0 -10 0> for Force <F1 F2 F3 >. e. OK. f. Select Application Region. g. Geometry Filter: FEM. h. Click on Select Nodes and select Node 12. i. Add. j. OK. k. Apply.
g d
h i
b e c f j
WS12-31
Step 21. Apply Constraints at Other End
a
a. Loads / BCs: Create / Displacements / Nodal. b. Select on New Set Name: and enter fix_it. c. Select Input Data. d. Enter <0 0 0> for Translations <T1 T2 T3 > and Rotations <R1 R2 R3>. e. OK. f. Click on Select Application Region. g. Select FEM for Geometry Filter. h. Click on Select Nodes and select Node 1. i. Add. j. OK. k. Apply
g d h i
b c e f
WS12-32
a
a. Materials: Create / Isotropic / Manual Input. b. Select on Material Name and enter aluminum2. c. Select Input Properties. d. Enter: Elastic Modulus: 10e6. Poisson Ratio: 0.3. e. OK. f. Apply.
c f
Step 23. Create Element Properties for the 1D Beam Topology
a. Properties: Create / 1D / Beam. b. Option(s): General Section / Standard Formulation. c. Select Property Set Name and enter alum_1D. d. Select Input Properties. e. From the Material Property Sets, select aluminum2 for Material Name. f. Select Create Sections Beam Library.
a e
c b d f
WS12-34
Step 23. Create Element Properties for the 1D Beam Topology (Cont.)
a. In New Section Name: cross_sect. b. Select the rectangular cross-section button and enter: W = 1.5, H = 1.0, t1 = 0.1, t2 = 0.1. c. Calculate / Display. d. OK. e. Enter < 0 1 0 > in Bar Orientation. f. OK. g. Click on Select Members and select Curve 1. h. Add. i. Apply. j. Display the cross-section to scale under Display / Load/BC /Elem. Props using Beam Display / 3D: Full-Span + Offsets. Notice that the name cross_sect now appears in the Input Properties form under Section Name. Area, Inertia and Torsional Constant have values. The values are ghosted out so that to change them it is necessary to use the Create Section button. PAT301, Workshop 12, October 2003
b a
b c
d f
WS12-35
Step 23. Create Element Properties for the 1D Beam Topology (Cont.)
a. This is the entire 1D model. A representation of the cross-section is shown, even though the geometry is only 1D.
WS12-36
a
d
Step 25. Run Analysis for 1D Beam
a. Analysis: Analyze / Entire Model / Full Run. b. Select Solution Type. c. Choose LINEAR STATIC for Solution Type. d. OK. e. Apply.
a c
b
Attach the .xdb file to read the results. a. Analysis: Access Results / Attach XDB / Result Entities. b. Click on Select Result File. c. Select and attach the cant_beam_1D.xdb. d. OK. e. Apply.
a c
b e
Step 27. View Results
a
Create a Deformation plot . a. Results: Create / Deformation. b. Select Results icon. c. Select A1:Static Subcase under Select Result Cases. d. Select Displacements, Translational under Select Deformation Result. e. Show As: Resultant. f. Apply.
e
Step 27. View Results (Cont.)
a
a. Results: Create / Fringe. b. Select A1:Static Subcase under Select Result Case(s). c. Select Stress Tensor, Bending under Select Fringe Result. d. Quantity: X Component. e. Apply.
d
Step 28. Compare 2D and 1D Model Results
a. Compare Results. b. This ends this exercise.
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WORKSHOP 13 ANCHOR MATERIAL AND ELEMENT PROPERTIES
WS13-1
WS13-2
Problem Description
In the existing database Anchor.db, create the material and element properties for the model. The material is Aluminum and the element properties are for 3D tet10 elements.
WS13-3

1. 2. 3. 4.
Open an existing database called Anchor.db. Create a material property for aluminum. Create 3D element properties for tet10 elements. Close database and quit MSC.Patran.
WS13-4
Open existing database called Anchor.db a. File/Open. b. Select Anchor.db. c. Click OK.
WS13-5
Step 2. Materials
Create Aluminum material. a. Materials: Create/Isotropic/Manual Input. b. Enter Aluminum for Material Name. c. Click Input Properties d. Select Linear Elastic for Constitutive Model. e. Enter 10e6 for Elastic Modulus. f. Enter .3 for Poisson Ratio. g. Click OK. h. Click Apply.
a e f
c h
Step 3. Properties
Assign element type to solid 1. a. Properties: Create / 3D / Solid. b. Enter 3D_els for Property Set Name. c. Select Solid / Homogeneous / Standard Formulation for Options. d. Click Input Properties e. Click in the Material Property Name icon and select Aluminum from Select Existing Materials. f. Select Solid 1 for Select Members. g. Click Add. h. Click Apply.
a e
b c d f g
h
Step 4. Quit MSC.Patran
a
WS13-8
WORKSHOP 14 ANCHOR ANALYSIS
WS14-1
WS14-2
Problem Description
The main focus of this workshop is to process the simulation results. First, run the simulation using MSC.Nastran for the existing model in the database Anchor.db. Attach the results file, Anchor.xdb. Next, process the deformation results using Create/Deformation. Display the result with and without the unreformed shape of the model. Finally, process with the vonMises stress. Compare averaging and without averaging between elements. Also, compare using element shape functions and averaging within each element. Also, processing is done with a subset of elements.
WS14-3

1. 2. 3. 4.
5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
Open database Anchor.db. Check load case Default. Set-up for the analysis. Make MSC.Nastran results accessible to MSC.Patran by attaching XDB results file. View the deformation with undeformed shape. View only the deformed shape. View the von Mises stress results using Create/Fringe. Show a fringe plot for a subset of elements. Zoom in to region of highest stress. Use inter-element averaging for von Mises stress. Use averaging within each element. Quit MSC.Patran.
WS14-4
Open existing database Anchor.db a. File/Open. b. Select Anchor.db. c. Click OK.
WS14-5
Step 2: Check Load Case
b
Check the load case a. Click on the Smooth shaded icon. b. Load Case : Modify c. Select Default for Select Load Case to Modify. d. Check to see that the correct Loads/BCs have been assigned. e. Click Cancel.
e
Step 3: Set-up for the Analysis
Set-up for the analysis. a. Analysis : Analyze / Entire Model / Full Run. b. Click Translation Parameters c. Select XDB and Print for Data Output. d. Click OK. e. Click Solution Type. f. Select Linear Static for Solution Type. g. Click OK. h. Click Apply.
e d
WS14-7
h
Step 3: Set-up for the Analysis (Cont.)
Set-up for the Analysis a. Click Subcases b. Select Default for Available Subcases. Default should be selected automatically for Available Load Cases. c. Click Apply d. Click Cancel. e. Click Subcase Select to see that Default is selected under Subcases Selected. f. Click OK. g. Click Apply to run MSC.Nastran.
b e
a e g
Step 4: Make MSC.Nastran Results Accessible to MSC.Patran
Make MSC.Nastran results accessible to MSC.Patran. a. Analysis: Access Results / Attach XDB / Result Entities. b. Click Select Results File c. Select Anchor.xdb. d. Click OK. e. Click Apply.
a c
b e
Step 5: View the Deformation
View the deformation results under Results. a. Result: Create/Deformation. b. Select SC1 DEFAULT for Select Result Case(s). c. Select Displacements, Translational for Select Deformation Result. d. Click Apply.
d
Step 6: View Only the Deformed Shape
d
View only the deformed shape. a. Click Display Attribute. b. Select Wireframe for Render Style. c. Deselect Show Undeformed. d. Click Plot/Erase Icon. e. Click Erase for Geometry. f. Click OK. g. Click Apply.
a b e
c
This display will produce the deformed shape without both the model geometry and undeformed finite element model.
g
Step 7: View the von Mises Stress
View the Von Mises stress results shown on the deformed shape. a. Results: Create/ Fringe. b. Select Stress Tensor for Select Fringe Result. c. Click Display Attribute Icon. d. Select Element Edges for Display. e. Click Apply.
a c
d b
e
Step 8: Show a Fringe Plot for a Subset of Elements
Show a fringe plot for a subset of the elements. a. Click Target Entities Icon. b. Select Elements for Target Entity. c. See Figure for Select Elements. d. Click Apply.
a b c c
d
Step 9: Zoom to Higher Stressed Region
Zoom in to see if there are sufficient tet10 elements to represent the stress gradient. a. Click View Corner Icon. b. See Figure to select the region. c. Use Mouse Rotate XY Icon to see the stress more clearly.
c b
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Step 10: Use Inter-element Averaging for von Mises Stress
Change how the Von Mises stress is shown on the elements under Plot Options/ Averaging Definition. a. Click on Fit view and Iso 3 view icons. b. Results: Create / Fringe. c. Select Plot Option Icon. d. Select None for Domain. e. Select Derive/Average for Method. f. For Intra-element (within an element) select Shape Fn. For Extrapolation. g. Select the Target Entities icon and set the entity to Current Viewport. h. Click Apply.
a b g c
e f
h
The results are different, but do not differ greatly
Step 11: Use Average Extrapolation Within Each Element
Use average extrapolation to see the difference. a. Results: Create/Fringe. b. Select All Entities for Domain/ Averaging Definition. c. Select Derive/Average for Method. d. Select Average for Extrapolation for intraelement. e. Click Apply. Under Extrapolation see how using Average (Patran averages results within each element and uses them at the respective element nodes) produces different results from using the default setting Shape Fn. (the shape function for each element is used to determine results at the respective element nodes)
c d
e
a
WS14-17
WS14-18
WORKSHOP 15 USING LISTS AND GROUPS
WS15-1
WS15-2
Problem Description
In this exercise, a portion of a fairing will be constructed. Curves and surfaces will be used to define the fairing geometry. The finite element model will consist of 2-dimensional elements with 1dimensional elements applied at various edges of the geometry. The 1-dimensional elements will represent stiffeners for the structure.
WS15-3

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6.
7. 8. 9. 10. 11.
12.
Create a new database called fairing.db and set the model preferences. Create the model geometry. Create the mesh seeds for the model. IsoMesh the model using Quad4 topology. Check the free edges, equivalence the model, and then check the free edges again. Create a new group called FEM that contains only the finite elemental model. Then post only the FEM group. Create two material properties, alum_1 and alum_2. Create two fields, one for temperature and the other for thickness. Create element properties. Create a temperature boundary condition. Create a series of lists containing elements that satisfy these following requirements: 1) the elements are made up of the alum_1 material, 2) the elements are greater than 0.98 in thickness, and 3) the elements have a temperature greater than 230.0 degrees. Intersect lists a and b to produce a list of elements that satisfy the first two conditions.
WS15-4

13. 14.
15. 16. 17. 18.
Create another list that satisfies the third condition. Intersect the new list with the other list to produce a group of elements that satisfy all three conditions. Then, place these elements in a separate group. Post the group containing the elements produced in step 14. Create 2 new groups, each containing elements with different property sets. Change the display attributes for each group. Post each group separately, then post both groups together.
WS15-5
Step 1. Create New Database

a
d
Create a new database and set the model preferences. a. File : New. b. Enter fairing for the File Name. c. Click OK. d. Set the Tolerance to Default. e. Make sure that the Analysis Code and Analysis Type are set to MSC.Nastran and Structural, respectively. f. Click OK.
e f
WS15-6
Step 2. Create Model Geometry
g
Create the points and curves that represent the outline of the fairing. a. Geometry : Create / Point / XYZ. b. Turn Auto Execute off. c. Enter [30 0 0] under Points Coordinates List and click Apply. d. Geometry : Create / Curve / XYZ. e. Turn Auto Execute off and enter <0 120 0> and [50 40 0] b under Vector Coordinates List and Origin Coordinates List, respectively. f. Click Apply. g. Click on Show Labels icon. h. Click on Point Size icon to increase the point size. i. Geometry : Create / Curve / Point. j. Turn Auto Execute off. k. Click on Point 1 under Starting Point List and click on Point 2 for Ending Point List. l. Click Apply. PAT301, Workshop 15, October 2003
j c e f k l
WS15-7
Step 2. Create Model Geometry (Cont.)
Illustrated here are curves that represent the basic geometry for the fairing. These curves will be revolved 360 to get the final model.
WS15-8
g a
Create the fairing by revolving curves 1 and 2 about the fairings vertical center line. a. Geometry : Create / Surface / Revolve. b. Enter Coord 0.2 for Axis c. Enter 360 for the Total Angle. d. Turn Auto Execute off. e. Shift-select curves 1 and 2. f. Click Apply. g. Viewing : Angles h. Enter 30 0 0 under Angle. i. Click Apply.
b c d h i e f
WS15-9
a b
Change the display preferences in order to get a clearer visual of the model. a. Display : Geometry b. Enter 3 for Number of Display Lines c. Click Apply, then Cancel.
c
Step 3. Create Mesh Seeds
Create a finite elemental mesh so that 4 node Quad elements are created every 10 along the circumferential edges. a. Elements : Create / Mesh Seed / Uniform. b. Select Number of Elements and enter 36 for the Number. c. Select the top circumferential edge of the fairing(Surface 1.3) and click Apply.
b c
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Step 3. Create Mesh Seeds (Cont.)
In the vertical direction(y-direction), define a smoothly transitioning mesh density. The elements along the top of the cylinder are 2.5 times as large as those along the bottom edge (tapered end) of the fairing. a. Elements : Create / Mesh Seed / One Way Bias. b. Select L1 and L2 and enter 7 and 10 for L1 and L2, respectively. c. Turn Auto Execute off. d. Under Curve List, Select Curve 1 and click Apply. e. Elements : Create / Mesh Seed / One Way Bias. f. Select L1 and L2 and enter 4 and 7 for L1 and L2, respectively. g. Under Curve List, Select Curve 2 and click Apply.
b c d g
WS15-12
Step 4. Create Model Meshes
e
Now that the mesh seeds have been created, mesh the model using Quad4 topology. a. Elements : Create / Mesh / Surface. b. Select Quad, IsoMesh, and Quad4. c. Select the entire model by dragging a box around it. And click Apply. d. Remove the display lines by clicking the on the Display lines icon. e. Remove the labels by clicking the Hide labels icon. f. Decrease the point-size clicking on the Point Size icon.
f d a
c
WS15-13
Step 4. Create Model Meshes(Cont.)
a
Mesh the horizontal (circumferential) edges of each surface with twonoded bar elements. a. Click on Plot/Erase icon and click on Erase under FEM. b. Click OK. c. Elements : Create / Mesh / Curve. d. Set Topology to Bar2 e. Shift select the 3 surface edges (as indicated). f. Click Apply.
d e e b
f
Step 5. Observe the Free Edges
Check the free edges of the model, equivalence, and then check the free edges again. a. Elements : Verify / Element / Boundaries. b. Select Free Edges under Display Type. c. Click Apply. d. Elements : Equivalence / All / Tolerance Cube. e. Click Apply. f. Repeat steps a through c.
a b c d
The middle yellow line does not indicate Quad 4s with free edges, but the presence of Bar2 elements. PAT301, Workshop 15, October 2003 WS15-15
Step 6. Create a Group

d a
Replot the FEM and create a group called FEM containing only the finite elemental model. Post only this new group to the viewport. a. Click on the Plot/Erase icon. b. Under FEM, click Plot. c. Click OK. d. Group : Create e. Enter FEM for the New Group Name. f. Select Unpost All Other Groups. g. Change Group Contents to Add All FEM. h. Click Apply.
c f
g h
Create the first material for the model. Material alum_1 will be applied to the top(cylindrical) portion of the fairing. a. Materials : Create / Isotropic / Manual Input. b. Enter alum_1 for the Material Name. c. Click on Input Properties d. Select Linear Elastic and enter 1.05E7, 0.33, and 2.6E-4, for Elastic Modulus, Poisson Ratio, and Density, respectively. e. Click OK. f. Click Apply.
a d
c f
Step 7. Create Material Properties (Cont.)
Create the second material for the model. Material alum_2 will be applied to the bottom(tapered) portion of the fairing. a. Materials : Create / Isotropic / Manual Input. b. Enter alum_2 for the Material Name. c. Click on Input Properties d. Select Linear Elastic and enter 1.18E7, 0.33, and 2.4E-4, for Elastic Modulus, Poisson Ratio, and Density, respectively. e. Click OK. f. Click Apply.
a d
c e f
Step 8. Create a Field
Define fields that represent the varying thickness and temperature distribution. a. Fields : Create / Spatial / PCL Function. b. Enter thickness for the Field Name. c. Enter 1.5-Y/160 for the Scalar Function and click Apply. d. Fields : Create / Spatial / PCL Function. e. Enter temperature for the Field Name. f. Enter 200.0-(150.0/160.0)*X for the Scalar Function and click Apply.
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a
Create two element properties which include the material definitions and varying thickness. a. Click on the Front view icon. b. Properties : Create / 2D / Shell. c. Enter prop_1 for the Property Set Name. d. Click on Input Properties. e. Click on Material Property Name icon and select alum_1 from Select Existing Material.
b e
c d
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Step 9. Create Element Properties (Cont.)
c
Finish creating the first property set. a. Click on Thickness icon and select thickness under Select Existing Field. b. Click OK. c. Preferences : Picking and set Rectangle/Polygon Picking to Enclose entire entity d. Click on Select Members and click on the Shell element icon. Select the top(cylindrical) portion of the fairing by dragging a box around the desired section(as indicated on next page). e. Click Add, then Apply.
d b e
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Illustrated here is the desired application region for the first property set.
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Create the second property set. a. Properties : Create / 2D / Shell. b. Enter prop_2 for the Property Set Name. c. Click on Input Properties d. Click on Material Property Name icon and select alum_2 from Select Existing Material. e. Click on Thickness icon and select thickness from Select Scalar Spatial Field. f. Click OK. g. Click on Select Members and select the bottom(tapered) portion of the fairing by dragging a box around it(as indicated on next page). h. Click Add, then Apply.
a d e b
c g f h
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Shown here are the elements for the desired application region of the second property set.
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Step 10. Create Temperature Boundary Conditions
Define the models varying temperature distribution. a. Loads/BCs : Create / Temperature / Nodal. b. Enter temp for the New Set Name. c. Click on Input Data d. Click on Temperature and select temperature from the Spatial Fields. e. Click OK. f. Click on Select Application Region. g. Under Geometry Filter, select FEM. h. Click on Application Region and select the entire model(All nodes). i. Click Add, then, OK j. Click Apply.
a d
b e c j f
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Step 10. Create Temperature Boundary Conditions (Cont.)
b
Turn off the temperature labels in order to get a better visualization of the model. a. Display : Load/BC/Elem. Props b. Under Loads/BCs remove check for Temperature. c. Click Apply, then Cancel.
c
Step 11. Create Lists
Use Lists and groups to filter then group the quad elements that have the following attributes: Material : alum_1 Thickness : > 0.98 Temperature : >230.0 a. Tools : List / Create b. FEM / Element / Attribute c. Under Attribute select Material. d. Under Existing Materials select alum_1. e. Set the Target List to A and click Apply.
List A consists of those elements whose properties are specified by alum_1.
e
Step 11. Create Lists (Cont.)
Define List B to include only the Quad elements that have a thickness greater than 0.98. a. Properties : Show. b. Under Existing Properties, select Thickness. c. Set Display Method to Scalar Plot. d. Select Current Viewport, select FEM and click Apply.
d
Shown above is a fringe plot corresponding to the model thickness. The elements that are thicker than 0.98 will be included in the next list.
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Step 11. Create Lists (Cont.)
b
After defining the list parameters, add the elements with thickness greater than 0.98, to list B. a. Tools : List / Create b. FEM / Element / Attribute. c. Under Attribute select Fringe Value. d. Under Fringe Tools select default_Fringe. e. Change F to > and enter 0.98. f. Select B for the Target List. g. Click on Apply.
d
The contents of List B include all elements thicker than 0.98.
e f g
Step 12. Intersect Lists
Intersect Lists A and B and replace the contents of List A with the elements found in the intersection. a. Tools : List / Boolean b. Click on the Intersect icon. c. Click on Replace A. d. Click Cancel.
c d
The new List A is composed of elements that satisfy both requirements: they are in set alum_1 and thicker than 0.98.
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Step 13. Create More Lists
Perform a final classification of the elements. Isolate those elements that satisfy the third condition of the applied temperature load > 230.0. a. Loads/BCs : Plot Contours / Temperature. b. Select temp from the Existing Sets. c. Select Temperature under Select Data Variable. d. Select the FEM group and click Apply.
b c
Illustrated here is the temperature fringe plot for the model.
d
Step 13. Create More Lists (Cont.)
b
Clear the contents of List B and add the values obtained from the final classification. a. Tools : List / Create. b. FEM / Element / Attribute. c. Select Fringe Value and default_Fringe for Attribute and Fringe Tools, respectively. d. Change F to > and enter 230.0. e. Select B for the Target List. f. Click on Clear on the List B form g. Click Apply on the List Create form.
d e g
Step 14. Intersect Lists Again
Lists A and B will be intersected again to create a List C. This list will contain the elements that satisfy all three conditions. The contents of List C will then be placed into a new group called common_quads. a. Tools : List / Boolean b. Click Clear. c. Click on the Intersect icon. d. Click on Add To Group e. Enter common_quads for the Group Name. f. Click Apply, then Cancel.
b d e f
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Step 15. Post Group
a d
Post the common_quad group. This is the group of elements that satisfy all three of the conditions defined earlier. a. Group : Post b. Select the common_quads group under Select Groups to Post. c. Click Apply, then Cancel. d. Click on the Iso 1 view icon.
c
Step 15. Post Group (Cont.)
This is the Iso 1 view of the elements in the common_quads group. These are all the elements that satisfied all three conditions.
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Step 16. Create Two New Groups
b a
Create two new groups, prop1_group and prop2_group. Then, change the display attributes for each group. a. Click on the Reset Graphics icon. b. Group : Create c. Create / Property Set. d. Enter prop1_group for the Group Name. e. Select prop_1 under Property Sets and click Apply. f. Repeat steps b through e entering prop2_group for the Group Name and selecting prop_2 under Property Sets.
d e
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Step 17. Change the Display Attributes
Set the entity coloring and labeling to Group mode and then change the display attributes for each of the two new groups. a. Display : Entity Color / Label / Render b. Select Group under Entity Coloring and Labeling. c. Select the prop1_group under the Target Group(s). d. Select Wireframe for the Render Style and select yellow for the Shade Color. e. Click Apply. f. Select the prop2_group for the Target Group(s). g. Select Hidden Line for the Render Style and select dark blue for the Shade Color. h. Click Apply, then, Cancel. PAT301, Workshop 15, October 2003
f d g
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Step 18. Post Groups
b a
Change views and post the prop1_group. a. Click on the Iso 3 view icon. b. Group : Post c. Under Select Groups to Post, select prop1_group. d. Click Apply.
d
Step 18. Post Groups (Cont.)
Post only the prop2_group. a. Group : Post b. Under Select Groups to Post, select prop2_group. c. Click Apply.
c
Step 18. Post Groups (Cont.)
Post both the prop1_group and the prop2_group. a. Group : Post b. Under Select Groups to Post, select both prop1_group and prop2_group. c. Click Apply.
c
WORKSHOP 16 CONNECTING ROD USING 1D AND 2D ELEMENTS
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Problem Description
The model to be created in this workshop is for a connecting rod that would typically be found in a large displacement internal combustion gasoline engine. The part is about 10 long, 4 wide, and 1 thick. There are several ways the con rod can be modeled. For this exercise a combination of 1D(beam) and 2D(plate) elements are to be used. The model to be created has very few nodal degrees-of-freedom. This will provide an analyst with a model that can be analyzed very quickly, making it possible to perform a parametric study with many sub-cases. The workshop will begin by using existing parametric(green) surfaces. From these surfaces curves are to be created. Some of the surfaces are to be meshed. Then, the nodes of the 2D plate elements are to be moved. 1D beam elements are to be created on the free(external) edges of the plate elements. The workshop will proceed creating the remainder of the 1D/2D model. Finally, the model will be analyzed.
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1. 2. 3.
4.
5. 6.
7. 8.
9. 10. 11. 12. 13.
Create a new database called connecting_rod.db. Import an IGES file called conrod.igs. Extract curves from a parametric surfaces at perimeter(outside edge of connecting rod). Create several short curves to complete creating curves along the perimeter of connecting rod(rod) model. Mesh the surfaces at the web portion of the rod, and equivalence. Move plate element nodes at the perimeter of the web to adjacent curves at the perimeter of the rod model. Project more web perimeter nodes to adjacent curves. Zoom into the area of the model where plate elements are to be created manually. Create plate elements manually by selecting geometric points. Create beam elements on free edges of plate elements. Mesh arc curves, at piston and crank shaft, with beam elements. Equivalence nodes again. Create constraints at the crank shaft. Not all displacements and rotations are to be constrained.
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14.
15.
16. 17. 18.
19. 20. 21. 22.
Create cylindrical coordinate system at the piston(top of model). The coordinate system is to be used in defining distributed loading that will represent pressure effects on the rod. Create a spatial field(function) for the distributed load. It will be a sine loading. Create the distributed load. Define the material property. Define element properties. There will be 1D beam and 2D plate properties. For the 1D beam properties the Beam Library is to be used. Run the analysis. Access the MSC.Nastran results file by attaching the XDB file. Create a plot of the deformed shape of the model. Create stress fringe plots on the deformed shape. There will be one for the 2D plate stress and another for the 1D beam elements.
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a
d
Create a new database called connecting_rod.db. a. File / New. b. Enter connecting_rod as the file name. c. Click OK. d. Choose Default Tolerance. e. Select MSC.Nastran as the Analysis Code. f. Select Structural as the Analysis Type. g. Click OK.
e f b c g
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Step 2. Import conrod.igs
a e d
Import an existing IGES file. a. File / Import. b. Object : Model. c. Source : IGES. d. Current Group : default_group. e. Select conrod.igs. f. Click Apply. g. Click OK in Import Summary window.
b c
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Step 2. Import conrod.igs (Cont.)
Shade the surfaces by selecting Smooth shaded view icon.
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Step 3. Extract Curve from Parametric Surface

c a b
Change the view port display and zoom in on the web section of the connecting rod. a. Click on the Wireframe icon. b. Use Label control to turn on surface labels. c. Select View corners icon and zoom in by picking the corners as shown in the figure.
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Step 3. Extract Curve from Parametric Surface (Cont.)
Extract curves for the flange. a. Geometry: Create / Curve / Extract. b. Option: Parametric. c. Curve Direction: v Direction. d. Curve Position: 0.5. e. Click on Surface List and select on the following surfaces: Surface 1, 2, 4, and 5. (See figure for details)
a e b c
d
Note that it is not necessary to click apply when the Auto Execute is selected.
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Extract several more curves. a. Curve Direction: u Direction. b. Click on Surface List and select on the following surfaces: Surface 3 and 6. (See figure for details)
b b
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b a
Extract curves for the piston and crank shaft sections of the model. a. Select Fit view icon. b. Set the picking to Enclose entire entity under Preferences/Picking. c. Curve Direction: u Direction. d. Click on Surface List and select all top circular surfaces as shown in the figure. (surf 27 28 29 30 22 19 20 24 and 23). e. Again, click on Surface List and include all arc surfaces at the bottom, except 14 and 16. f. Curve Direction: v Direction. g. Click on Surface List to include surface 14 and 16.
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a
Observe the extracted curves, particularly the curve at the bottom of the crank shaft. a. Your figure should look like the following. Zoom into the bottom circle frame by selecting View corners icon. b. Notice how the curve extracted from surface 26 does not line up with the adjacent curves. c. This problem is solved by deleting the existing curve, refitting Surface 26, and creating a new curve.
c b
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Delete the misaligned curve. a. Geometry: Delete / Curve. b. Click on Curve List and select the curve extracted from Surface 26. c. Apply.
b c b
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Refit the section of the model with the deleted curve and extract a curve from the refit surface. a. Geometry: Edit / Surface / Refit. b. Click on Surface List and select Surface 26. c. Click Yes when asked to create a duplicate surface, and Yes again to delete the original surface. d. Create / Curve / Extract. e. Curve Direction: u Direction. f. Click on Surface List and select Surface 31. g. Now the curve extracted from Surface 31 should match the other extracted curves.
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Step 4. Create a Curve

b a
Zoom into a section of the model to create several curves. a. Select Fit view icon. b. Select View corners icon and zoom in by picking the corners as shown in the figure. c. Geometry: Create / Curve / Normal.
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Step 4. Create a Curve (Cont.)
Create the normal curve. a. Click under Point List and select Point 50. b. Click under Curve List and select Curve 9.
Curve 9
a b
Point 50
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e e
Break the curve at the intersection point of the normal curve and the extracted curve. a. Geometry: Edit / Curve / Break. b. Click under Curve List and select Curve 9. c. Click under Break Point List and select Point 77. d. Click Yes to delete the original curve. e. Turn on Label Control and switch to Curve. You should have three curves. Note that point, curve, and surface labels may not match, depending on the order certain curves are selected.
a
Point 77
b c
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Create the remaining normal curves and break with them. a. Repeat these steps 3 more times in different places. In each location create a normal curve, and break a curve with it.
Curve # 9 11 22 20
Point used to create normal 50 53 56 55
Point used to break curve 77 78 79 80
Above is a table showing the curve numbers and the corresponding points to use in creating the normal and breaking the curve. Note that point, curve, and surface labels may not match, depending on the order certain curves are selected.
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Step 5. Mesh Surface

b b
Create a mesh for the web. a. Elements: Create / Mesh / Surface. b. Click on Label Control and select Surface. c. Elem Shape: Quad. d. Mesher: IsoMesh. e. Topology: Quad4. f. Click on Surface List and select Surface 8, 7, 10, 11, 12, 9. g. Global Edge Length: 0.75. h. Click on Apply.
c e
d f
f g
h
Step 5. Mesh Surface (Cont.)

a
Observe the meshed section of the model and note the duplicate nodes. Remove the duplicate nodes by equivalencing the model. a. Click on the Label control icon and turn on the Node labels. b. Click the View Corners icon and zoom in on a section of the meshed area. c. Elements : Equivalence / All / Tolerance Cube. d. Click Apply. Note the above illustration. There are duplicate labels at the node location, indicating that there are two nodes at that location. Equivalencing the model removes the duplicate nodes, producing the model illustrated at the right.
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Step 6. Move Node to a Midway Position

c
Move the nodes to the extracted curves. a. Elements: Modify / Node / Move. b. Use Label Control to turn off surface labels and turn on node labels. c. Make sure Auto Execute is on to make picking more rapid. d. Click on Node List and select Node 18. e. Under New Node Locations select Point 50. f. Click on Node List and select Node 12. g. Under New Node Locations select Point 53.
b
Point 53 Node 12 Node 18 Point 50
e f
Element edges follow element nodes. Note that the node numbers may not necessarily match those indicated in the exercise.
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Step 6. Move Node to a Midway Position (Cont.)
Continue to move the nodes out to a new location. a. Click on Node List and select Node 39. b. Under New Node Locations select Point 55. c. Click on Node List and select Node 36. d. Under New Node Locations select Point 56.
a b
Node 36 Point 56
Node 39 Point 55
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Step 6. Move Node to a Midway Position (Cont.)
a. Your model should look like the following.
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Step 7. Project Node to a Curve
a. Elements: Modify / Node / Project. b. Project onto: Curve. c. Direction: Normal. d. Click on Label Control and show curve labels. e. Turn Auto Execute on. f. Click on Input Nodes and select Node 17. g. Under Curve List, select Curve 1. h. Repeat this procedure, for Node 16, Node 15, and Node 14, projecting onto Curve 1.
a b c
Node 17 Curve 1
e f g
Node 16
Node 15
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Step 7. Project Node to a Curve (Cont.)
Project nodes onto the extracted curve. a. Click on Input Nodes and select Node 10. b. Under Curve List, select Curve 3. c. Repeat this procedure, for Node 8, Node 6, and Node 4, projecting onto Curve 3.
Node 10
Curve 3
a b
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Project the remaining nodes onto the curve. a. Click on Input Nodes and select Node 13. b. Under Curve List, select Curve 2. c. Click on Input Nodes and select Node 25. d. Under Curve List, select Curve 2.
a b
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Finish projection of the nodes. a. Click on Input Nodes and select Node 2. b. Under Curve List, select Curve 4. c. Click on Input Nodes and select Node 30. d. Under Curve List, select Curve 4.
a b
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Your model should look like the following
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Step 8. Zoom Into Model

c a b
Zoom in on a section of the model where Quad elements will be created manually. a. Select Fit view icon. b. Turn off the curve and node labels. c. Select View corners icon and zoom in by picking the corners as shown in the figure.
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Step 9. Create Quad Elements

e
Create several quad elements for the upper section of the model. a. Elements: Create / Element / Edit. b. Shape: Quad. c. Topology: Quad4. d. Pattern: Standard. e. Use Label Control and turn on Point labels, and increase Point size. f. Click on Node 1 then select on Point picking icon. g. Select Point 50, Point 10, Point 57 and Point 77. h. An element has just been created.
a f g
b c d
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Step 9. Create Quad Elements (Cont.)
Continue creating more quads. a. Create another element by selecting Point 10, Point 53, Point 78 and Point 57.
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b a
Create the quad elements for the lower section of the model. a. Select Fit view icon. b. Select View corners icon and zoom in by picking the corners as shown in the figure.
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Finish creating the quad elements. a. Click on Node 1, and select Point 80, Point 71, Point 9 and Point 55. b. Now do the same creating another element using Point 71, Point 79, Point 56 and Point 9.
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c b a
Observe all the created quad elements. a. Using Label Control turn off point labels and turn on element labels, and reduce point size. b. Select Fit view icon. c. Select View Corners icon and zoom in by picking the corners as needed.
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Step 10. Create Bar2 Elements on Free Edge of Quad4
Create a Bar2 element on a free edge of a Quad4 element. a. Elements: Create / Element / Edit. b. Shape: Bar. c. Topology: Bar2. d. Pattern: Elem Edge. e. Click on Edge then select on Free edge of element icon. f. Select outside edge of Element 10. g. This will create a Bar2 element on the free edge of Element 10. (Element 19) h. Create Bar2 elements on all the remaining Quad4 free edges, including those along the circular arcs at the piston and crank shaft.
f h e d
b c
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Step 10. Create Bar2 Elements on Free Edge of Quad4 (Cont.)
All Bar2 elements have been created for Quad4 free edges.
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Step 11. Isomesh a Curve with Bar2 Elements

c
Create a mesh curve for the upper section of the connecting rod. a. Elements : Create / Mesh / Curve. b. Topology : Bar2. c. Select Curve under Label Control. d. Click on Curve List and select Curve 13. e. Secify the Global Edge Length to be 0.75. f. Click on Apply.
b d e
Curve 13
f
Step 11. Isomesh a Curve with Bar2 Elements (Cont.)
a. Curve 13 is meshed. b. Now mesh all remaining circular arc curves at the piston and crankshaft. Curve 13 Meshed
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Step 11. Isomesh a Curve with Bar2 Elements (Cont.)
a. Using Label Control turn off the Curve labels. b. All curves are meshed. c. Shown are the Quad4 and Bar2 elements.
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Step 12. Equivalence All Nodes

a
Turn off all the labels and equivalence the model again. a. Under Label Control, turn off all of the labels. b. Elements: Equivalence / All / Tolerance Cube. c. Apply.
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Step 13. Constrain at the Crankshaft
a
Create the constraints for the model at the crank shaft. a. Loads / BCs: Create / Displacement / Nodal. b. Current Load Case: Default. c. Select on New Set Name and enter fix_at_crank. d. Input Data. e. Enter <0 0 0> for Translations <T1 T2 T3> and Rotations <R1 R2 R3>. f. OK. g. Select Application Region.
g
d
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Step 13. Constrain at the Crankshaft (Cont.)

b
a. Geometry Filter: Geometry. b. Increase the size of the Point markers. c. Click on Application Region/Select Geometry Entities and select the eight curves indicated in the figure. d. Add. e. OK. f. Apply.
c d c
e
Step 13. Constrain at the Crankshaft (Cont.)

f
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Step 14. Create Cylindrical Coordinate System
a. Zoom into the top of the model. b. Turn on the point labels and increase the size of the points.. c. Geometry: Create / Coord / 3Point. d. Type: Cylindrical. e. Click on Origin and select Point 2. f. Click on Point on Axis 3 and enter [x2 y2 1]. g. Click on Point on Plane 1-3 and select Point 41.
c
Point 41
Point 2
e f g
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Step 15. Create a Spatial Field
a. Fields: Create / Spatial / PCL Function. b. Enter force under Field Name. c. Field Type: Vector. d. Coordinate System Type: Real. e. Coordinate System: Coord 1. f. Enter 1000.0*sinr(T) under First Component. Choose T under Independent Variables. g. Enter 0. under Second Component. h. Enter 0. under Third Component. i. Apply.
a i b c d e f g h
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The load to be applied is a function of the cylindrical coordinate system angle.
Step 16. Create Distributed Load
a
a. Loads / BCs: Create / CID Distributed Load / Element Uniform. b. Select on New Set Name and enter dis_load_CID. c. Target Element Type: 1D. d. Input Data. e. Click under Distr Force <F1 F2 F3> and select force under Spatial Fields. f. Analysis Coordinate Frame: Coord 1. g. OK. h. Select Application Region.
e b c h d f g
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Because the node spacing is not constant, it is preferable to use a distributed load. Using the MSC.Nastran preference in Patran, it is possible to use a CID distributed load. This allows a pressure load (force per-area or length) to be specified using a local coordinate system.
Step 16. Create Distributed Load (Cont.)

a a
a. Turn off the point labels, turn on the Bar2 element labels under Display / Finite Elements, and increase the size of the node markers.. b. Geometry Filter: FEM. c. Click under Application Region/Select 1D Elements and select elements as shown in the figure. d. Add. e. OK. f. Apply.
b c
Select these 8 elements along the arc.
c d
e
In order to have a better view of your elements, erase all curves by using Plot/Erase.
Step 16. Create Distributed Load (Cont.)
The distributed load should resemble the load illustrated here.
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a
Specify aluminum as the material of the connecting rod. a. Materials: Create / Isotropic / Manual Input. b. Select on Material Name and enter aluminum. c. Select Input Properties. d. Enter: Elastic Modulus: 10e6. Poisson Ratio: 0.3. e. OK. f. Apply.
c
Step 18. Defining Element Properties
Create element properties for the 1D Bar2 elements at the piston. a. Properties: Create / 1D / Beam. b. Select Property Set Name and enter beam_at_piston. c. Select Input Properties. d. Click on Material Property Name icon and from Select Existing Material, select aluminum. e. Bar Orientation: <0 0 1>. f. Select on Beam Library.
a d e b
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Step 18. Defining Element Properties (Cont.)
Define the shape, length, and width of the beam. a. Create / Standard Shape / NASTRAN Standard. b. New Section Name: piston. c. Use the right arrow to select the solid rectangular shape. d. Enter W: 0.25. H: 0.9375. e. Select Calculate/Display. f. OK. g. OK.
a d b
c e
f
a. Click on Select Members. b. Select on Beam element icon. c. Select all elements along the arc at the piston. d. Add. e. Apply.
b c
a d
Create element properties for the 1D Bar2 elements at the flange. a. Properties: Create / 1D / Beam. b. Select Property Set Name and enter beam_at_flange. c. Select Input Properties. d. Click on Material Property Name icon and select aluminum from Select Existing Material menu. e. Bar Orientation: <0 0 1>. f. Select on Beam Library.
a d e b
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a
a. Create / Standard Shape / NASTRAN Standard. b. New Section Name: flange. c. Use the right arrow to select the solid rectangular shape. d. Enter W: 0.25. H: 0.75. e. Select Calculate/Display. f. OK. g. OK.
d b
c e
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a
a. Erase the geometry using Plot/Erase. b. Click on Select Members. c. Select on Beam element icon. d. Select all midsection(flange) elements; they are between the top and bottom circular arcs. e. Add. f. Click on Apply.
c d
e
Create element properties for the 1D Bar2 elements at the crankshaft. a. Properties: Create / 1D / Beam. b. Select Property Set Name and enter beam_at_crank. c. Select Input Properties. d. Click on Material Property Name icon and from the Select Existing Material, select aluminum. e. Bar Orientation: <0 0 1>. f. As before, used the Beam Library and enter the data: W: 0.5 H: 0.9375 g. OK.
a d e b
g
a. Click on Select Members. b. Select on Beam element icon. c. Select all elements along the bottom arc at the crankshaft as shown in the figure. d. Add. e. Click on Apply.
b c
a d
e
Create element properties for the 2D Qaud4 elements at the web. a. Properties: Create / 2D / Shell. b. Select Property Set Name and enter web. c. Select Input Properties. d. Click on Material Prop Name icon and select aluminum from Select Existing Material. e. Thickness: 0.375. f. OK.
a d e b
f
a. Plot only 2D shell elements using Plot/Erase, and turn on the element labels. b. Click on Select Members. c. Select on Shell element icon. d. Select elements 1 through 18. e. Add. f. Click on Apply.
d b e
f
a. Plot Geometry and FEM using Plot/Erase, Fit view, plot several views including Iso 1 View, plot Loads/BCs markers, and turn off all labels. b. Display / Load/BC/Elem. Props c. Beam Display: 3D: FullSpan + Offsets. d. Click on Apply. e. This is the complete 1D/2D model of the connecting rod.
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Step 19. Analysis
a
a. Analysis: Analyze / Entire Model / Full Run. b. Job Name: connecting_rod. c. Solution Type. d. Select LINEAR STATIC. e. OK. f. Click on Apply.
f
Step 20. Attach .xdb File
a. Analysis: Access Results / Attach XDB / Result Entities. b. Click on Select Result File. c. Select and attach the file connecting_rod.xdb. d. OK. e. Click on Apply.
c d
b e
Step 21. Deformation Plot
a
a. b. Results: Create / Deformation Select SC1:DEFAULT under Select Result Case(s). Select Displacement, Translational under Select Deformation Result. Show As: Resultant. Click on Display Attributes and remove check for Show Undeformed. Click on Apply. Change the view to Front view.
e b
c.
d. e.
f. g.
d f
Step 21. Deformation Plot (Cont.)
Illustrated here is a deformation plot along with the model geometry.
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Step 22. Fringe Plot

a g b
Erase the model geometry and create a fringe plot of stress. a. Click on the Plot/Erase icon and select Erase under Geometry. b. Results: Create / Fringe. c. Select Stress Tensor under Select Fringe Result. d. Select Target Entities icon. e. Target Entity: Element Types. f. Select Quad4 under Select Element Types. g. Under Display Attributes unselect Show Title and Show Max/Min Label. h. Click on Apply.
g e f
h
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Step 22. Fringe Plot (Cont.)
Illustrated here is a Stress Tensor fringe plot for the Quad4 elements of the model.
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Plot a stress fringe for Bar2 elements. a. Under Select Results, select Bar Stresses, Maximum Combined. b. Select Target Entities icon. c. Select Bar2 under Select Element Types. d. Click on the Display Attributes icon. e. Increase the width of the bar element stress plot. f. Click on Show Max/Min Label. g. Click on Apply. h. File / Close. This ends this exercise.
a f g
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WORKSHOP 17 BOX BEAM WITH TRANSIENT LOAD
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Problem Description
This workshop involves a transient analysis of the 2D Quad4 element cantilevered box beam model described in workshop 12. The model is modified to include four concentrated masses at the free end of the beam. Also, the applied force is left at the same location, but it is modified to be time dependent. Prior to the transient analysis, a modal analysis is performed to determine the first ten natural frequencies and corresponding modes of the model. This helps in specifying the parameter values for the transient analysis. The transient analysis uses modal superposition. The damping is set to be fraction of critical. In addition to displaying the shape of the model over time, the displacement versus time in an XY plot is obtained for some selected nodes.
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1. 2. 3.
4. 5.
6. 7. 8.
9.
Open the database that was created in Workshop 12, cant_beam_transient.db. Add concentrated mass to the four corner nodes at the free end of the cantilevered beam. Create a group with a subset of elements to be used for post processing. Post the group with the subset of elements to see that the group was correctly created. Create a non-spatial field (function) of time to be used to define the applied force. Create time dependent load case. This is necessary when creating a time dependent load. Modify the static load for Workshop 12 to be time dependent. Perform a modal analysis. Extract 10 natural frequencies and modes. View modal results. Perform transient simulation. Specify number of time increments and time step. Also, specify the modal damping.
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10. 11. 12. 13.
Access transient results. Display transient deformation results. Create XY plot of displacement versus time. Customize appearance of XY plot .
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Step 1. Open Database cant_beam_transient.db
Open database. a. File / Open. b. Select cant_beam_transient. c. Click OK. NOTE: Notice you get a warning message $# Journal file:.cant_beam_transient.db.jou does not exits. This is not a problem. A journal file does not exist for this database because one was not created when creating this database, i.e. File / Save a Copy has a toggle Save Journal File Copy Also.
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Step 2. Add Concentrated Masses to the Four Corners
Select the four corners of the concentrated mass. a. Elements: Create / Element / Edit. b. Shape: Point. c. Topology: Point. d. Turn Auto Execute off. e. Click on Node 1 = and select the four nodes at the corners of the free end of the beam. f. Click Apply. Add concentrated masses to the four corners of the box beam at its free (unconstrained) end. This is done to create low frequency modes that are predominantly similar to beam bending in nature.
Zoomed
b c d
d f
Small triangles are drawn at the nodes where the mass is created.
Note that node numbers may not be identical when performing this exercise. WS17-7
Step 2. Add Concentrated Masses to the Four Corners (Cont.)
Specify the mass of each of the four concentrated masses. a. Properties: Create / 0D / Mass. b. Enter mass_prop for the Property Set Name:. c. Option(s): Lumped. d. Click on Input Properties. e. Specify Mass as 0.65. f. Click OK. g. Click in Select Members under Application Region. h. Select Point element icon in the picking filter menu. i. Select the four 0D mass elements at the free end of the beam. j. Click Add. k. Click Apply.
a e
b c d g j i
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Step 3. Create a Group with Subset of Elements

a
Create a group with subset of elements a. Group / Create. b. Enter subset_elm under New Group Name. c. Check Make Current. d. Group Contents: Add Entity Selection. e. Select Entity Selection and select a row of elements going from one end to the other as shown in the figure. f. Click on Apply.
d e f
The stresses will be calculated only for elements in this group. This will reduce the amount of calculations done, compared to doing it for the entire set of all elements.
Step 3. Create a Group with Subset of Elements (Cont.)

a
The list of nodes will be placed in the dialogue List A.
g
Include the nodes corresponding to elements in the group subset_elm a. Tools / List / Create. b. Set the Model/Object/Method to FEM/Node/Association. c. Association: Element. d. Click on Target List: A. e. Select on Element and select the same row of elements going from one end to the other just as done in the previous page. f. Click on Apply. g. Add the list of nodes to the group subset_elm by selecting Add to Group. h. Click on Apply.
e d f h
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Step 4. Post Group subset_elm
Post group subset_elm. a. Group / Post. b. Select subset_elm under Select Groups to Post. c. Click on Apply.
c
Step 4. Post Group subset_elm (Cont.)

g
This also can be done using Label Control icon.
Display both the element and node labels. a. Display / Finite Elements. b. Show All FEM Labels. c. Click on Apply. Display the entire model. d. Group / Post. e. Select default_group under Select Groups to Post. f. Click on Apply. g. Turn off all labels.
c
Step 5. Create and Post Non-Spatial Field
a
Create a non-spatial field(function) that will be used as the multiplier for the applied force. a. Fields: Create / Non Spatial / Tabular Input. b. Enter delta_force under Field Name. c. Scalar Field Type: Real. d. Active Independent Variables: Time(t). c e. Click on Input Data. f. Select Map Function to Table. d g. PCL Expression f(t): 1*exp(-0.35*t). h. Start time: 0. i. End Time: 1. j. Number of Points: 28. k. Click on Apply. l. Click on Cancel. PAT301, Workshop 17, October 2003
b f h i j e
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Step 5. Create and Post Non-Spatial Field (Cont.)
Continue to create a non-spatial field(function) that will be used as the multiplier for the applied force. a. Select row 29 for Time(t), and enter 1.1 in Input Scalar Data. Press Enter on keyboard. b. Select row 30 for Time(t), and enter 3.0 in Input Scalar Data. Press Enter. c. Enter 0.0 for Value in row 29 and 30. d. Click on OK. e. Click on Apply.
a b
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a
a. Fields: Show. b. Select delta_force under Select Field To Show. c. Select Specific Range. d. Minimum: 0.0. e. Maximum: 3.0. f. No. of Points: 30. g. OK. h. Check Post XY Plot. i. Click on Apply.
b d c g e f
i
Click on Cancel.
a
Step 6. Create a Time Dependent Load Case
a
Create time dependent load case needed for time dependent load creation. a. Load Cases : Create. b. Enter Transient_1c under Load Case Name. c. Click on Make Current. d. Load Case Type : Time Dependent. e. Click on Apply.
b d
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Step 7. Modify the Applied Force
NOTE: The spatial and time dependent functions are multiplied, e.g. <0 10000 0> * f:delta_force. Make sure that force is assigned to Load Case Transient_1c. Modify the force to include t(time). a. Loads/BCs: Modify / Force / Nodal. b. Current Load Case: Transient_1c. (Type: Time Dependent) c. Select force under Select Set to Modify. d. Modify Data. e. Change <0 10 0> to <0 10000 0> in Force <F1 F2 F3>. f. Click in * Time/Freq. Dependence and select delta_force under Time/Freq. Dependent Fields. g. Click on OK. h. Click on Apply.
e b
c f
d h g
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Step 8. Modal Analysis
a
Create the Load Case to be analyzed a. Load Cases: Create. b. Load Case Name: modal. c. Load Case Type: Static. d. Click on Assign/Prioritize Loads/BCs. e. fix_end is to be included under Assigned Loads/BCs. To do this select on Displ_fix_end under Loads/BCs Selection. f. Click on OK. g. Click on Apply.
b c f
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Step 8. Modal Analysis (Cont.)
a
Create job to analyze. a. Analysis: Analyze / Entire Model / Full Run. b. Enter cant_beam_subset_modal _1 for the job name. c. Solution Type. d. Select NORMAL MODES. e. Click on OK. f. Click on Subcases.
c f e
d a
Continue to create the job for the modal analysis. a. Select modal under Available Subcases. b. Select modal under Available Load Cases. c. Subcase Parameters. d. Extraction Method: Lanczos. e. Lower = 0.0(Hz). f. Upper = 100.0(Hz). g. Click on OK. h. Click on Apply. i. Click on Cancel.
e f
c g
h
i
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Run the modal analysis. a. Subcase Select... b. Select modal under Subcases For Solution Sequence: 103. Make sure only modal appears under Subcases Selected. c. Click on OK. d. Click on Apply. This will run the modal analysis.
c a d
Attach XDB File. a. Analysis: Access Results / Attach XDB / Result Entities. b. Click on Select Results File. c. Select and attach the file cant_beam_subset_modal _1.xdb. d. Click on OK. e. Click on Apply.
a c
b e
a
Create deformation display for the first mode. a. Results: Create / Deformation. b. Select MODAL, A2:Mode 1:Freq.=13.441 under Select Result Case(s). c. Select Eigenvectors, Translational under Select Deformation Result. d. Show As: Resultant. e. Click on Apply.
d
Create deformation display for other modes. a. Select MODAL, A2:Mode 2:Freq.=17.879 under Select Result Case(s). b. Click on Apply. c. Select MODAL, A2:Mode 3:Freq.=21.082 under Select Result Case(s). d. Click on Apply.
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Step 9. Run the Transient Simulation
Before setting-up the simulation under Analysis it is necessary to specify the loads and boundary conditions under Load Cases a. Load Cases: Modify b. Select the load case Transient_1c under Select Load Case to Modify. c. The Loads/BCs fix_end(constraint) and force(time varying) must be specified under Assigned Loads/BCs. This can be done by selecting them under Loads/BCs Selection(upper-left). d. Click on OK. e. Click on Apply.
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Step 9. Run the Transient Simulation (Cont.)
Run the Transient Simulation. a. Analysis: Analyze / Entire Model / Full Run. b. Enter Job Name cant_beam_subset_elm c. Select Solution Type. d. Choose TRANSIENT RESPONSE for Solution Type. e. Formulation: Modal. f. Click on Solution Parameters. g. Eigenvalue Extraction. h. Extraction Method: Lanczos. i. Lower = 0.0 (Hz). j. Upper = 100.0 (Hz). k. Number of Desired Roots = 10. l. Click on OK. m. Click on OK. n. Click on OK. PAT301, Workshop 17, October 2003
a g d h i j k
e f m l
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b c
Create transient loading subcase. a. Select Subcases. b. Solution Sequence: 112. c. Action: Create. d. Select Transient_1c under Available Subcases. Automatically Transient_1c should highlighted under Available Load Cases. e. Subcase Parameters. f. Select DEFINE TIME STEPS. g. No. of Time Steps = 3000. h. Delta-T = 0.001. i. Click on OK. j. Modal Damping: Crit. Damp. (CRIT). k. DEFINE MODAL DAMPING. l. Click on Add Row. m. Enter 0.0 and 100.0 for Frequency, 0.025 for both Values. n. Click on OK. o. Click on OK. PAT301, Workshop 17, October 2003
f j k
i
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b c
Select the output Requests. a. Select Output Requests. b. Form Type: Advanced. c. Select Element Stresses under Select Result Type. d. Select STRESS(SORT)=ALL FEM, under Output Requests and make sure that Displacement and SPCForces requests appear as well. e. Now, choose subset_elm under Select Group(s)/SET. This will change the Output Request to STRESS(SORT)=subset _elm, f. In Options: select By Freq/Time for Sorting. g. Click on OK. h. Click on Apply. i. Click on Cancel. PAT301, Workshop 17, October 2003
e f
a g
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Select Subcase. a. Select Subcase Select. b. Under Subcases Selected, only the desired subcase, Transient_1c should appear. This can be achieved by selecting names in the upper and lower boxes. c. Click on OK. d. Click on Apply.
c a d
Attach transient results XDB file. a. Analysis : Access Results / Attach XDB / Result Entities. b. Click on Select Results File. c. Select and attach the file cant_beam_subset_elm.xdb. d. Click on OK. e. Click on Apply.
b e
Step 11. View the Transient Deformation Results
View time dependent deformation results at a single time. a. Results : Create / Deformation. b. Click on the View Subcases icon. c. Select TRANSIENTTime=0.1 54 under Select Result Case(s). d. Select Displacement, Translational under Select Deformation Result. e. Show As: Resultant. f. Click on Apply. g. Show As: Component. h. Select YY only. i. Click on Apply. j. Look at other individual times.
a b c
e d
The title in the upper left corner of the viewport gives the time and result type.
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Step 11. View the Transient Deformation Results (Cont.)
a
Next, look at how the model deforms with time. a. Results: Create / Deformation. b. For the View Subcases icon not depressed, select all the transient subcases under Select Result Case(s) using the shift key. Or, can select all or a subset of the transient result cases by selecting the View Subcases icon (see next page). c. Select Displacements, Translational under Select Deformation Result. d. Show As: Resultant. e. Check Animate. f. Select Animation Options.
f
View Subcases
c e
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l
If View Subcases icon is used to select subcases, the following steps are to be followed: a. Click on View Subcases then Select Subcases. b. Filter Method: Global Variable. c. Variable: Time: Min:0. d. Values: Above: Value:0. e. Select Filter. This will fill out the bottom of the dialogue. f. Click on Apply. g. Click on Close. h. Under Select Result Case(s) theres only one line for all transient results, 3001 of 3001 subcases. i. Select Displacement, Translational under Select Deformation Result. j. Show As: Resultant. k. Check Animate. l. Select Animation Options. PAT301, Workshop 17, October 2003
h b c e d i
j k f
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a
Continue to view transient deformation results. a. Animation Method: Global Variable. b. Select Time under Select Global Variable. c. Set End Value to 3.0. d. Select 3D under Animation Graphics. e. Number of Frames: 24. f. Click on Apply.
f
Step 12. Create an XY Plot of Displacement Versus Time
Create XY plot of displacement versus time. a. Results: Create / Graph / Y vs X. b. Select All result cases manually under Select Result Cases(s) by using the Shift key . c. Select Displacements, Translational under Select Y Result. d. Quantity: Y Component. e. X: Global Variable. f. Variable: Time. g. Select on Target Entities icon.
a g f e
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Step 12. Create an XY Plot of Displacement Versus Time (Cont.)
Continue to create an XY plot of displacement versus time. a. Reset the graphics to undisplay any results b. Target Entity: Nodes. c. Select Nodes: Click on the top corner node as shown in the figure. d. Click on Apply.
b c d c b
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View resulting plot. a. The plot should look like the following.
The XY plot is created for one displacement, Node 44 Y- component. Notice that the displacement follows the applied force.
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Create another XY plot a. Add another XY plot by selecting the node shown in the figure.
The XY plot is created for two displacements.
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Step 13. Customize the Appearance of the XY Plot
Customize the appearance of the XY plot a. XY Plot: Modify / XYWindow. b. Check Display Border . c. Click on Apply. d. Modify / Curve. e. Select default_Graph30. f. Title g. In Curve Title Text, change the title to Node 41: Y Displ. h. Click on Apply. i. Select default_Graph31. j. In Curve Title Text, change the title to Node 44: Y Displ. k. Click on Apply.
e g b h f
c
Step 13. Customize the Appearance of the XY Plot (Cont.)
Continue to customize the appearance of the XY plot. a. XY Plot: Create / Title. b. Title: Displ vs. Time . c. Change X Alignment to Percent(%) and set X Location (%): 39. d. Y Location (%): 14. e. Font Size: 18. f. Click on Apply. g. Modify / Legend. h. Title: ND. i. Click on Apply.
b h c d i e
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Continue to customize the appearance of the XY plot a. Modify / Axis. b. Active Axis: X. c. Scale d. Assignment Method: Range. e. Enter 0.0, 3.0 for Lower and Upper Values. f. Enter 10 for Number of Primary Tick Marks. g. Click on Apply. b h. Click on Cancel. i. Tick Marks j. Check both Primary and Secondary for Display. k. Click on Apply. l. Click on Cancel. m. Grid Lines n. Check both Primary and Secondary for Display. o. Click on Apply. p. Click on Cancel. PAT301, Workshop 17, October 2003
d e f c g i m
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Continue to customize the appearance of the XY plot. a. Active Axis: Y. b. Title c. Axis Title: Displ, Trans. d. Click on Apply. e. Click on Cancel. f. Tick Marks g. Check both Primary and Secondary for Display. h. Click on Apply. i. Click on Cancel. j. Grid Lines k. Check both Primary and Secondary for Display. l. Click on Apply. m. Click on Cancel.
d a
b f
This ends this exercise. Exit MSC.Patran a. File / Close.
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WORKSHOP 18 POST PROCESSING WITH INSIGHT
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Problem Description
In this exercise use the results for a clevis model which was analyzed using MSC.Nastran. Create various Insight tools to display the results of the analysis. The tools to be created are for iso-surfaces, contour lines, fringes, and flat planes upon which results can be displayed.
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
8.
9. 10. 11. 12. 13.
Create a new database called clevis.db. Read the OP2 file and import the results along with the model. Create an Insight Isosurface tool of von Mises stress. Modify the Isosurface tool making the isosurfaces 90% transparent. Unpost the Isosurface tool. Create an Insight Contour tool. Dynamically change the minimum, maximum, and number of levels of the current range for the Contour tool. Unpost the Contour tool and create a new Isosurface tool defined at X-axis coordinates. This Isosurface tool is a set of flat planes without any results displayed on them. Create a Fringe tool of von Mises stress and post it on the Isosurface tool consisting of planes. Unpost fringe and isosurface(plane) tools. Create another isosurface(plane) tool consisting of one plane. Create a fringe tool and post it on the single plane isosurface tool, then move the plane along the X-axis. Quit MSC.PATRAN.
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Step 1. Create New database

a
d
Create a new database. a. File / New. b. Enter clevis.db for file name. c. Click on OK. d. Set the Model Tolerance to Based on Model. e. Make sure the Analysis Code and Analysis Type are set to MSC.Nastran and Structural, respectively. f. Click on OK.
e b c f
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Step 2. Read the OP2 File
Read an OP2 file and import the model along with the analysis results. a. Analysis : Access Results / Read Output2 / Both Both / Translate. b. Click on Select Results File... c. Select clevis.op2 and click OK. d. Click on Apply.
a c
b d
Step 3. Create an Insight Isosurface Tool
Set the model orientation(view) before running Insight(do it in MSC.Patran). a. Change the model view to Iso 1 View by clicking on the following icon:
b. Click the Insight button.
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Step 3. Create an Insight Isosurface (Cont.)
The fist Insight tool to be created is an Isosurface tool of constant von Mises stress a. Create / Isosurface. b. Set Isosurface Value to Result. c. Click on Results Selection d. Select 2.1LOAD_CASE.1.SC1, Static Subcase under Current Load Case(s). e. Click on Update Results. f. Select 3.1-Stress Tensor for Isosurface Result.
a d
e f b c
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Create 4 isosurfaces that fall approximately within the range, 3,000 to 13,000. a. Click Isovalue Setup b. Specify 4 for Number of Isos by using the slidebar. c. Enter 3000 for Isovalue. d. Enter 13000 for Ending Value. e. Click on OK. f. Click Results Options g. Select Von Mises for Transform Method. h. Click on OK. i. Click OK in results form.
f g c d b e h
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Continue to create the 4 isosurfaces. a. Click on Isosurface Attributes b. Select Clip at Isosurface. c. Select Shaded and Wireframe for the <Display and >Display, respectively. d. Click on OK. e. Click on Apply.
b c d a
e
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Step 4. Modify the Isosurface Tool
Modify the Isosurface tool making the isosurfaces 90% transparent. a. Modify / Isosurface. b. Select Isos_1 for Existing Isosurfaces. c. Click Isosurface Attributes d. Enter 0.90 for Transparency. e. Click on OK. f. Click on Apply.
f
Step 4. Modify the Isosurface Tool (Cont.)
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Step 5. Unpost the Isosurface
Unpost the isosurface and create a Contour tool of the von Mises stress. a. Insight Control / Post/Unpost Tools b. Click Select None. c. Click on Apply. d. Click on Cancel.
b c d
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Step 6. Create Insight Contour Tool
Next, you will create an Insight contour tool. a. Create / Contour. b. Select Results Selection c. Select 2.1LOAD_CASE.1.SC1, Static Subcase under Current Load Case(s). d. Click on Update Results. e. Select Stress Tensor for Contour Results. f. Click on OK. g. Click on Apply.
a d
g
Step 6. Create Insight Contour Tool (Cont.)
Illustrated here is the contour plot of the model.
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Step 7. Change Min, Max, Number of Levels for Contour
a
Dynamically change the minimum, maximum, and number of levels of the current range for the contour tool. a. Insight Control / Range Control b. Select Immediate for Form Actions. c. Enter 8000 for Min. d. Enter 20000 for Max. e. Slide the Levels bar to 10. f. Click on Cancel.
b c d e f
Note that as you change the slider bar(s), it will change the displayed results range.
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Step 7. Change Min, Max, Number of Levels for Contour (Cont.)

Illustrated below is the modified contour plot.
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Step 8. Unpost Contour and Create New Isosurface Tool
a
Unpost the contour tool. a. Insight Control / Post/Unpost Tools b. Click on Select None. c. Click on Apply. d. Click on Cancel.
b c d
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Step 8. Unpost Contour and Create New Isosurface Tool (Cont.)

a
Create an Isosurface tool defined at coordinate locations(An Isosurface tool is a set of flat planes). Then create and target a Fringe tool onto the Isosurface tool a. Create / Isosurface. b. Select Coord for Isosurface Value. c. Click on Coordinate Selection d. Select R-CoordinateFrame(0) for Existing Coordinate Frame Axes. e. Select X-Axis for Coordinate Axis. f. Slide bar to 5 for Number of Isos. g. Enter 5.95 for Starting Value. h. Enter 1.0 for Ending Value. i. Click on OK.
a d
e b c g h f i
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Continue creating the Isosurface tool. a. Click Isosurface Attributes b. Select White for Color. c. Change the Transparency to 0.0. d. Select Clip at Isosurface icon. e. Select Free Edge for <Display and select Free Edge for >Display. f. Click on OK. g. Click on Apply.
b c d e a f
g

Shown here is the newly created isosurface.
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Step 9. Create Fringe Tool of von Mises Stress
Create a Fringe tool for the von Mises stress and post it on the second Isosurface tool. a. Create / Fringe. b. Click Results Selection c. Select 2.1LOAD_CASE.1.SC1, Static Subcase from Current Load Case(s), and click Update Results. d. Select Stress Tensor for Fringe Results. e. Click on OK. f. Select Isosurfaces for Target. g. Select Isos_2 for Target Isosurfaces. h. Click on Apply.
f g h
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Step 9. Create Fringe Tool of von Mises Stress (Cont.)

The newly created isosurface should resemble the model below.
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Step 10. Unpost the Current Tool
Unpost the Isosurface tool. a. Insight Control / Post/Unpost Tools b. Click on Select None. c. Click on Apply. d. Click on Cancel.
b c d
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Step 11. Create a new Isosurface
Create a final isosurface tool, defined at a coordinate location. a. Create / Isosurface. b. Select Coord for the Surface Value. c. Click on Coordinate Selection d. Select R-CoordinateFrame(0) under Existing Coordinate Frame Axes. e. Select X-Axis for Coordinate Axis. f. Slide the Number of Isos bar to 1. g. Enter -3.0 for the Starting Value. h. Click OK. i. Click Apply.
e b
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Step 11. Create a new Isosurface (Cont.)
Shown above is the single isosurface with no results posted onto it.
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Step 12. Create a Fringe Tool
Create a fringe of the von Mises stress and post it onto the third isosurface. a. Create / Fringe. b. Click on Results Selection c. Select 2.1-LOAD_CASE.1.SC1, Static Subcase from Current Load Case(s). d. Click on Update Results. e. Select 3.1-Stress Tensor from Fringe Result. f. Click on OK. g. Change Target to Isosurfaces. h. Select Isos_3 under Target Isosurfaces. i. Click on Apply.
d e
b g h i
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Step 12. Create a Fringe Tool (Cont.)
This is what the single isosurface should look like with the fringe posted on it.
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Step 12. Create a Fringe Tool (Cont.)
Use the isosurface controls to dynamically cut through the model. a. Insight Control / Isosurfacce Controls b. Select Isos_3 from Isosurfaces to Control. c. Select Immediate under Form Actions.
Shown here are different fringe isosurfaces of the model. The slider bar may be moved around to dynamically move the isosurface throughout the entire model.
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Step 13. Close the Database and Exit MSC.Patran
Close the Database and Exit MSC.Patran. a. Select File from the main menu. b. Select Quit from the drop down menu.
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WORKSHOP 19 CONNECTING ROD USING 2D ELEMENTS
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Problem Description
There are various methods to analyze a physical system. For this case the system is the connecting rod. The following workshop exercise will consist of analyzing the connecting rod using 2D plate elements. After the geometry(surfaces) has been imported from an existing file, it will be meshed with quad4 elements. Then, loads(on edges) and boundary conditions(constraints), and element properties(e.g. thickness) will be assigned to the 2D mesh. The model will then be analyzed using MSC.Nastran. The displacements and stress will be viewed in MSC.Patran.
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1. 2. 3. 4.
5.
6.
7. 8. 9.
10. 11.
Create a new database called connecting_rod_2D.db and import the IGES file. Mesh the geometry(surfaces) using the IsoMesher with quad4 elements. Connect all the elements of the model by equivalencing the nodes. Create a cylindrical coordinate system at the center of the top of the connecting rod. Create a field to be used with the applied edge loading. It will use the cylindrical coordinate system. Create the necessary loads and boundary conditions for the model. The load will be at the top of the model(at piston) and the constraints will be at the bottom(at crank shaft). Create the aluminum material properties. Create the 2D plate(shell) element properties for the connecting rod. Check the load case Default to insure that all the loads and boundary conditions are selected. Run the simulation using MSC.Nastran. Read and view the results in MSC.Patran. Both deformations and stresses will be looked at. Two different coordinate systems will be used to view the stresses.
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Step 1. Create a New Database and Import Geometry

a e g
Create a new database called connecting_rod_2D.db and import the IGES file, conrod.igs. a. File : New. b. Enter connecting_rod_2D as the File name. c. Click OK. d. Select Default Model Preferences. e. File : Import. f. Change the Source to IGES. g. Select conrod.igs and click Apply. h. Click OK when Summary appears.
h
Step 1. Create a New Database and Import Geometry (Cont.)
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Step 2. Mesh the Surfaces
Mesh the connecting rod geometry using the IsoMesh mesher. a. Elements : Create / Mesh / Surface. b. Select Quad, IsoMesh, and Quad4. c. Remove check for Automatic Calculation and enter 0.125 for the Global Edge Length. d. Select the entire object and click Apply.
b d d c
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Step 3. Equivalence the Nodes
Equivalence the nodes in order to connect all the elements. a. Elements : Equivalence / All / Tolerance Cube. b. Click Apply. c. Elements : Verify / Element / Boundaries. d. Select Free Edges. e. Click Apply.
b c d e
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Step 4. Create a Cylindrical Coordinate System
c
Before creating the cylindrical coordinate system, it is necessary to change the view and zoom in on a certain part of the geometry. a. Click the Iso 1 View icon. b. Increase the point size by clicking on the Point size icon. c. Click on the View corners icon and box the top portion of the surface as shown below.
WS19-9
Step 4. Create a Cylindrical Coordinate System (Cont.)
Now create the cylindrical coordinate system using the 3Point method. a. Geometry : Create / Coord / 3Point. b. Type : Cylindrical c. Select the center point of the piston for the Origin. d. Enter [x2 y2 1] for the Point on Axis 3 (By entering x2 and y2, this point will use the x and y coordinates of Point 2). e. Select point (as indicated) for Point on Plane 1-3.
a e
c d e
WS19-10
Create a field. This field will be used to create a CID Distributed Load later in this exercise. a. Fields : Create / Spatial / PCL Function. b. Enter sin_load for the field name. c. Select Vector for the field type. d. Select the cylindrical coord system (Coord 1). e. Enter sinr(T) under First Component. f. Click Apply.
b c d e
f
a
Create a distributed load using the existing field. a. Loads/BCs : Create / CID Distributed Load / Element Uniform. b. Enter CID_distributed for New Set Name. c. Target Element Type : 2D d. Click Input Data e. Enter 1000 for the Scale Factor and under Edge Distr Force, select the spatial field sin_load f. Select Coord 1 for the Analysis Coordinate Frame and click OK. g. Click Select Application Region h. Select the 7 surface edges (indicated on next page), click Add, then OK. i. Click Apply.
e h
b c d i g
WS19-12
WS19-13
b
Create the constraint set for the model. This constraint will fix all six degrees_of_freedom at the contact area of the crankshaft. a. Click on the Fit View icon. b. Click on the View Corners icon and box the crank section (bottom portion) of the model. c. Loads/BCs : Create / Displacement / Nodal d. Enter fix_at_crank for the New Set Name. e. Click Input Data f . Enter <0 0 0> under Translations and Rotations, then click OK.
a c f
e
Finish creating the constraint by selecting the application region. a. Click on Select Application Region b. Select the 6 surface inside edges (shown below) and click Add. c. Click OK. d. Then click Apply.
a
These are the model constraints at the interface to the crankshaft.
Six nodal dofs constrained at each node on the six edges
WS19-16
Create a material property for aluminum. a. Materials : Create / Isotropic / Manual Input. b. Enter Aluminum for the Material Name. c. Click on Input Properties d. Enter 10E6 and 0.3 for Elastic Modulus and Poisson Ratio, respectively. e. Click OK f. Click Apply.
a d
c f
Create the element properties for the model. a. Properties : Create / 2D / Shell b. Enter 2D_crank for the Property Set Name. c. Click Input Properties d. Click on the Material Property Name icon and select Aluminum from Select Existing Material. e. Enter 0.9375 for the Thickness. The thickness values are slightly different for this exercise than those for Workshop 15. f. Click OK.
a d e b
f
Select the application region for the 2D_crank property. a. Click on Application Region. For the application region, shift-select the 9 surfaces that make up the crank (the ring). b. Click Add. c. Click Apply. d. Repeat Step 8 to create three more properties: 2D_piston, 2D_flange, 2D_web.
c

The red ring indicates the application region for the 2D_piston property. There should be a total of 9 surfaces that make up this ring.
Six surfaces make up the application region for the 2D_flange property set. The application region is indicated in purple.
Illustrated are the application regions for each property set. Below is a table listing each property set name with its corresponding material set and thickness.
Property Set Name 2D_crank 2D_piston 2D_flange 2D_web Material Name Aluminum Aluminum Aluminum Aluminum Thickness 0.9375 0.9375 0.75 0.375
Similarly, six surfaces compose the application region for the 2D_web property set. This region is indicated in white.
WS19-20
a b
Check the load case Default to ensure that the correct Loads/BCs are selected. a. Click on the Fit View icon. b. Load Cases : Modify c. Click on the load case name Default. d. Make sure the correct Loads/BCs are applied. e. Click Cancel.
e
Send the model to MSC.Nastran for analysis. a. Analysis : Analyze / Entire Model / Full Run. b. Click Translation Parameters c. Make sure XDB and Print is selected. d. Click OK. e. Click on Solution Type f. Make sure Linear Static is selected and click OK. g. Click Apply.
c f
b e
g
Step 11. Read Results
Attach the XDB file and read the results. a. Analysis : Access Results / Attach XDB / Result Entities. b. Click on Select Results File. c. Select connecting_rod_2D.xdb and click OK. d. Click Apply.
b d
Create a deformation plot. a. Results : Create / Deformation. b. Select Displacements, Translational. c. Click Apply.
c
c f
Erase the geometry and unpost the undeformed model and coordinate frame to get a better plot. a. Click on the Display Attributes icon. b. Remove the check from Show Undeformed. c. Click on the Plot/Erase icon d. Click Erase under Geometry. e. Click OK. f. Display: Coordinate Frames g. Click Unpost All. h. Click OK. i. Click Apply.
d g
i
WS19-26
a b e
Plot the Von Mises stresses. a. Reset Graphics b. Results : Create / Fringe. c. Select Stress Tensor. d. Make sure von Mises is selected. e. Click on the Display Attributes icon. f. Change the Display to Element Edges. g. Click Apply.
c d
The blue lines indicating the element edges overshadow the fringe colors, so it will be necessary to zoom in on the model to get a clearer view. PAT301, Workshop 19, October 2003 WS19-27
Illustrated here are several views of the von Mises stress. It is necessary to zoom in on different sections to see the stress spatial gradient.
WS19-28
Plot stress tensor components using two coordinate frames. a. Results : Create / Marker / Tensor. b. Select result case A1: Static Subcase. c. Select Stress Tensor. d. Under Show As:, select Component, and select components XX and YY. e. Click on Display Attributes icon. f. Click on Spectrum, then select Show Spectrum. g. Set Vector Definition / Length to Screen Scaled and enter 0.5 for the Scale Factor. h. Deselect Show Tensor Label. i. Click on Plot Options icon. j. Make sure the Coordinate Transformation is set to As is. k. Zoom into a top part of the model so that about 20 elements can be seen. l. Click on Apply.
a f i g c
h l
WS19-29
Notice here that the stress tensor arrows are in the circumfrential direction.
WS19-30
Replot the same stress data, but use a different Coordinate Transformation. a. Click the Plot Options icon. b. Change the Coordinate Transformation to Global. c. Click Apply.
Notice that now the stress tensor arrows lie in the Patran global coordinate directions. There are advantages to using various transformations.
WS19-31
WS19-32
WORKSHOP 20 CONNECTING ROD USING 3D ELEMENTS FROM SWEEP
WS20-1
WS20-2
Problem Description
A hex8(3D solid element) mesh model is created for the connecting rod geometry in this workshop. The tasks to be performed consist of IsoMeshing the connecting rod mid surfaces with 2D quad4 elements. These elements are then swept normal to them. The sweeping is done in three parts: one for the web, one for the flange, and one for the region at the piston and crank shaft. This is done this way because each region of the model has a different thickness, resulting in sweeping a different distance. The remaining tasks consist of creating pressure loading and constraints, creating properties, running the finite element ananlysis, and viewing the results in MSC.Patran.
WS20-3

1. 2. 3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Create a new database and import mid-surfaces for the connecting rod from the IGES file conrod.igs. IsoMesh with quad4 elements all 30 surfaces. Connect the 2D elements together by equivalencing. Then, verify that the elements have been connected. Sweep the 2D quad4 elements to create 3D hex8 elements. This is done in three parts: web, flange, and connections to piston and crank shaft. The 2D elements for the web are swept first. The web is the thinnest part, with a thickness of 0.375. Then, the 2D elements for the flange are swept. The thickness of the flange is 0.750. Finally, the 2D elements for the remaining parts are swept. The thickness of these parts is 0.9375. The 3D solid elements are connected by equivalencing. A display of the element free edges before and after it is done is observed. Delete the 2D quad4 elements. These are not needed for the analysis with the 3D solid elements. Create a cylindrical coordinate system at the center of the hole for the connection to the piston. This is needed for creating a field, which is needed for the pressure loading.
WS20-4
Suggested Exercise Steps(Cont.)

8. 9.
10. 11. 12.
13. 14.
Create a field using the coordinate system previously created. The field will be a scalar function of sin(theta). Create the pressure loading on the inside of the top part of the connecting rod(connected to the piston). Use the field just created. The point of zero pressure loading is rotated about 20 degrees. Also, nodal displacement constraints are created at the connection to the crank shaft. Only degreesof-freedom 1,2,3 are constrained because the elements are 3D solids. Create material properties. Create 3D solid element properties. Check the load case Default to see that all the loads and boundary conditions are selected. Submit the analysis to MSC.Nastran. Look at the results. The first thing to be done is to attach the XDB results file created by MSC.Nastran. Then, look at the displacement and von Mises stress results. The displacement results are displayed with and without the undeformed shape and geometry.
WS20-5
Step 1. Create New Database and Import Geometry
Create a new database called connecting_rod_3D and import the IGES file. a. File : New (or click on the File New icon). b. Enter connecting_rod_3D for the File name. c. Click OK.
WS20-6
Step 1. Create New Database and Import Geometry (Cont.)
Import the existing IGES file. a. File : Import b. Select IGES as the Source. c. Click Apply.
WS20-7
Select the model preferences after importing the geometry. a. Click OK when the IGES Report Summary appears. b. Select Based on Model for the Model Tolerance. c. Click OK
c a
WS20-8
These are surfaces that represent the mid-plane of the connecting rod.
WS20-9
Step 2. Mesh the Surfaces
IsoMesh the surfaces of the connecting rod. a. Elements : Create / Mesh / Surface. b. Select Quad, IsoMesh, Quad4. c. Select all the surfaces by dragging a box around them. d. Remove check under Automatic Calculation and enter 0.125 for the Global Edge Length. e. Click Apply.
c d
e
Step 3. Equivalence and Verify Free Edges
Equivalence the model to connect elements. Then, display the element edges that are free to see what elements are and are not connected. a. Elements : Equivalence / All / Tolerance Cube. b. Click Apply. (the magenta circles indicate the equivalenced regions) c. Elements : Verify / Elements / Boundaries. d. Select Free Edges. e. Click Apply. (Free edges are indicated by the yellow lines.)
b c
d e
WS20-11
Step 4. Sweep the Elements
The sweep command will be used to create 3D elements from the 2D elements. The final 3D model will not have the same thickness throughout, so 3 sets of elements will be swept. The first sweep will be done for the web of the connecting rod. a. Elements : Sweep / Element / Extrude. b. Click on Mesh Control c. Enter 2 and click OK. d. Enter <0 0 0.1875> under Direction Vector. e. For Base Entity List, click on the Meshed entity Icon, then click on the Meshed Surface icon. f. Shift-select the 6 surfaces that make up the web (indicated 1-6). g. Click Apply. h. Change sign of the sweep vector, -0.1875, and Apply. PAT301, Workshop 20, October 2003
2 e d b h
3 5
4 6
c g
WS20-12
Step 4. Sweep the Elements (Cont.)
Now sweep the flange section of the connecting rod. a. Elements : Sweep / Element / Extrude. b. Click on Mesh Control c. Enter 4 and click OK. d. Enter <0 0 0.375> under Direction Vector. e. For Base Entity List, click on the Meshed entity icon, then click on the Meshed Surface icon. f. Shift-select the 6 surfaces that make up the flange (indicated 1-6). g. Click Apply. h. Change sign of the sweep vector, -0.375, and Apply.
2 e d b h
6
WS20-13
e g
Now sweep the piston and crank sections of the connecting rod. a. Elements : Sweep / Element / Extrude. b. Click on Mesh Control c. Enter 5 and click OK. d. Enter 0.46857 under Direction Vector. e. For Base Entity List, click f on the Meshed Entity icon, then click on the Meshed Surface icon. f. Shift-select the 18 surfaces, 9 that make up the piston and 9 that make up the crank(as indicated). g. Click Apply. h. Change sign of the sweep vector, -0.46875, and Apply.
b d h
e g
WS20-14
b
Change the views and see what the 3D model looks like. a. Click on the Smooth Shaded icon. b. Click on the Fit View icon. c. Click on the Iso 1 View icon.
Here are three different views of the connecting rod (From left to right, Iso 1 View, Front View, and Right Side View). It may be helpful to try other views as well.
WS20-15
Step 5. Equivalence the Solid
Check to see what elements are not connected using the Verify command. a. Elements : Verify / Element / Boundaries. b. Select Free Edges. c. Click Apply.
The yellow lines indicate element free edges. Notice that these lines should not exist, i.e. the elements should be connected here. This can be resolved by using the Equivalence command.
a b c
WS20-16
Step 5. Equivalence the Solid (Cont.)
Equivalence 3D mesh and check the free edges again. a. Elements : Equivalence / All / Tolerance Cube. b. Click Apply. c. Elements : Verify / Element / Boundaries. d. Select Free Edges and click Apply.
The yellow lines indicate free edges. Notice that the lines that were here previously no longer exist. That indicates that the elements here are now connected.
b c
WS20-17
Step 6. Delete Surface 2D Mesh
Delete the 2D elements on the surfaces. a. Elements : Delete / Mesh / Surface. b. Select entire model by dragging a box around it. c. Click Apply.
a b c
WS20-18
Step 7. Create a Cylindrical Coordinate System

i a b d g f e
Create a cylindrical coordinate frame that will be used as a reference frame for the field. a. Click on the wireframe icon b. Click on the Point Size icon. c. Click on the View Corners icon. Drag a box around the piston end of the rod. d. Geometry : Create / Coord / 3Point. e. Type : Cylindrical f. Click on the Point icon. g. Select Point 2 for the Origin(center of piston). Enter [x2 y2 1] for the Point on Axis 3, and select point 41 (as indicated). h. Click Apply. i. Click on Front view icon.
g h
WS20-19
Create a field that will be used as a reference for the load. a. Fields : Create / Spatial / PCL Function. b. Enter sin_load for the Field Name. c. Select Coord 1(the newly created cylindrical coord. frame) for the Coordinate System. d. Enter sinr(T) for the Scalar Function e. Click Apply.
c d
e
Create a pressure from the piston using the sin_load field. a. Loads/BCs : Create / Pressure / Element Uniform. b. Enter piston_pressure for the New Set Name. c. Click on Input Data d. Enter 1000 for the Scale Factor, and for the Pressure click on the sin_load field. e. Click OK. f. Click Select Application Region g. Select FEM for the Geometry Filter. h. Click on Select 3D Element Faces, then use the Polygon Pick icon for Free face of element.
d h
b e f
WS20-21
Select the solid element faces for the application region for the pressure. a. Set Preferences/Picking to Enclose entire entity. Close. b. Start by clicking on element just above point 41 and continue to select the element faces on the inner surface. Once all the faces have been selected to element just above point 43, (as indicated) go back to the original point (marked by a small box). c. Click Add. d. Click OK. e. Click Apply.
a b
d
b
Zoom in on the crank section of the connecting rod in order to create the nodal constraints. a. Click on the Fit view icon. b. Click on the View corners icon and zoom in on the upper section of the crank, by dragging a box around it.
Above is the illustration of the piston pressure.
Above is the illustration of the crank section.
WS20-23
Constrain select displacements at the crank shaft. a. Loads/BCs : Create / Displacement / Nodal. b. Enter fixed_crank for the New Set Name. c. Click on Input Data d. Enter <0 0 0> under Translations. e. Click OK.
a d
e c
WS20-24
Select the application region to finish creating the nodal constraints. a. Click on Select Application Region b. Select FEM for the geometry filter. c. Click on Select Nodes, then use the Polygon Pick for Nodes. d. Select the nodes on the upper free faces of the crank shaft region(as indicated). e. Click OK. f. Click Apply.
b c c d d
e a f
WS20-25
Above is an illustration of the fixed displacements at the crank. Notice that the node at these points are also included.
Above is a better illustration of the pressure and fixed displacements. Just click the Fit View, then Smooth Shaded, then Iso 1 View icons. It may be helpful to try other views as well.
WS20-26
Create a material property that will be applied to the model. a. Materials: Create / Isotropic / Manual Input b. Enter Aluminum for the Material Name. c. Click on Input Properties d. Enter 10E6 and 0.3 for the Elastic Modulus and Poisson Ratio, respectively. e. Click OK f. Click Apply.
a d
c f
Create the element properties for the connecting rod. a. Properties : Create / 3D / Solid. b. Enter 3D_connecting_rod f for the Property Set Name. c. Click on Input Properties d. Click on the Material Prop Name icon, and select Aluminum from Select Existing Material. e. Click OK. f. Click on Select Members and FEM icon and select entire model. Then, click Add. g. Click Apply.
a d
c f e
g
Step 12. Check Load Cases
a
Check the default load case, Default, and make sure that the correct loads and boundary conditions are being applied. a. Load Cases : Modify. b. Select the load case Default. c. Check to see that the Loads/ BCs are correct. d. Click Cancel.
e
Send the model to MSC.Nastran and run the analysis. a. Analysis : Analyze / Entire Model / Full Run. b. Click on Translation Parameters c. Select XDB and Print. d. Click OK. e. Click on Solution Type f. Select Linear Static. g. Click OK. h. Click Apply.
c f
b g
h
Step 14. Check the Results
Attach the XDB file. a. Analysis : Access Results / Attach XDB / Result Entities. b. Click on Select Results File... c. Select connecting_rod_3D.xdb and click OK. d. Click Apply.
b d
Step 14. Check the Results (Cont.)
Create a deformation plot. a. Results : Create / Deformation. b. Select Displacements, Transitional. c. Click Apply.
c
c f
Do not show the undeformed shape and erase the geometry to be able to see the deformed shape better. a. Click on the Display Attributes icon. b. Remove the check from the Show Undeformed box. c. Click on the Plot/Erase icon. d. Click Erase under Geometry. e. Click OK. f. Display: Coordinate Frames. g. Click on Unpost All h. Click OK. i. Click Apply
d g
e h
i
Plot the Von Mises stress. a. Results : Create / Fringe. b. Select Stress, Tensor. c. Click Apply.
c
WS20-35
WS20-36

Introduction To MSC - Patran Exercises

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Copyright 2000 MSC.Software Part Number: P3*V2004*Z*Z*Z*SM-PAT301-WBK

Copyright 2000 MSC.Software

Copyright 2000 MSC.Software

Copyright 2000 MSC.Software

WORKSHOP 1 PISTON HEAD ANALYSIS

PAT301, Workshop 1, October 2003

PAT301, Workshop 1, October 2003

PAT301, Workshop 1, October 2003

Suggested Exercise Steps

PAT301, Workshop 1, October 2003

Step 1. Create a New Database

PAT301, Workshop 1, October 2003

Step 2. Import the Model Geometry

PAT301, Workshop 1, October 2003

Step 2. Import the Model Geometry (Cont.)

PAT301, Workshop 1, October 2003

Step 3. Create a Finite Element Mesh

Step 5. Create Constraints

PAT301, Workshop 1, October 2003

Step 5. Create Constraints (Cont.)

PAT301, Workshop 1, October 2003

Step 6. Create a Pressure Load

PAT301, Workshop 1, October 2003

Step 6. Create a Pressure Load (Cont.)

Shown above is the application region for the pressure load.

Step 6. Create a Pressure Load (Cont.)

PAT301, Workshop 1, October 2003

Step 7. Create Material Properties

Step 8. Create Element Properties

PAT301, Workshop 1, October 2003

Step 9. Check the Load Cases

Step 10. Run the Analysis

Step 11. Read the Results

Step 11. Read the Results (Cont.)

Step 11. Read the Results (Cont.)

Step 11. Read the Results (Cont.)

Step 11. Read the Results (Cont.)

PAT301, Workshop 1, October 2003

WORKSHOP 2 CANTILEVERED PLATE

PAT301, Workshop 2, October 2003

PAT301, Workshop 2, October 2003

PAT301, Workshop 2, October 2003

Suggested Exercise Steps

PAT301, Workshop 2, October 2003

Step 1. Create a Database

PAT301, Workshop 2, October 2003

Step 2. Create Geometry of the Plate

PAT301, Workshop 2, October 2003

Step 2. Create Geometry of the Plate (Cont.)

PAT301, Workshop 2, October 2003

Step 3. Meshing with Quad4 Elements

Step 4. Create a Force at Free End

Step 4. Create a Force at Free End (Cont.)

Step 5. Create Constraints on the Plate

Step 5. Create Constraints on the Plate (Cont.)

PAT301, Workshop 2, October 2003

Step 5. Create Constraints on the Plate (Cont.)

PAT301, Workshop 2, October 2003

Step 6. Defining the Material

Step 7. Defining the Element Properties

PAT301, Workshop 2, October 2003

Copyright 2000 MSC.Software Part Number: P3V2004Z*ZZSM-PAT301-WBK