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???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ??:???????? ??? ?? ????, ???? ????? This page is for requesting translation of articles from other wikipedias into h indi. Please add your request in the appropriate section giving either an interw iki link to the article or its URL. ???????????: ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??????????? ? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? {{?????? ?????}} ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??????????? ??:???? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ==???? (Society)==)??,??-?-? ??,?????,?? ????? ???????????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??????????? ?????????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???!??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????,????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ??!???? ???? ?????? ?? ??,??-???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ? ??????? ??????? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?????????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ??????,????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?? ? ??????? [??????] 1 ??????? (Science) 1.1 ?????? (Physics) 1.2 ????? ??????? (Chemistry) 1.3 ???? (Mathematics) 1.4 ???? (Astronomy) 1.5 ?????? ??????? (Earth sciences) 1.6 ?????? 2 ???????????? (Technology) 2.1 ????????????/????????????/??????? ??????? (Programming/scripting/markup lang uages) ??????? (Science)[??????? ????] ?????? (Physics)[??????? ????] einstein|??????]]) 07:46, 11 ?????? 2012 (UTC)????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????<>< ??? ?????? ????????????? 09:45, 14 ?? ????? 2012 (UTC) ????? ??????? (Chemistry)[??????? ????] en:HCl ????????? ???????? ekistobiology http://ekistobiology.blogspot.in/2010/05/normal-0-false-false-false_01.html visi t this page for more information dinesh gupta Saturday, May 1, 2010 GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND CONCEPTS OF EKISTOBIOLOGY Dinesh kumar Gupta Department of Biochemistry and Home Sciences University of Allahabad- 211002 Received December 12, 1991 Accepted March 22 , 1992 ABSTRACT : CRITERIA TO DELIMIT human settlements and variables to optimise while developing any geographical locality into new human settlement are discussed Re levant Gandhian principles which will help man to develop appropriate type of re lationships between the subsystem/elements of human settlements are outlined. Th

e role of responsibilities and creativities of holistic man is stressed for the development of a more humanistic habitat. Key words : Ekistobiology. sumbiosis. human settlement. concepts and principles Ekistobiology is a word I coined for codisciplinary branch of life/biological sc iences from the obvious Greek root "oikw" (to settle down ) and widely used term biology. here denotes/represents the structural and functonal dynamics of bioti c moiety in nature. Ekistobiology is preferred in place of ekistics ( Doxiadis 1 970 ) as human settlements are supraorganism (Gupta 1991 ) whose structural and functional dynamice can be analyzed and interpretated by using the German zoolog ist Bertalanffy (1957) during the end of second world war and was widely used by strategic and spece scientists as well as informatricians to transform the eart h into global village. The inhabitants of global village are not only the psycho genicaly evolving population of man but also other communities having diverse po pulation of organisms ocupying varied structural and functional michesdue to div erse range of social organizattion. Human due to its desire to create and satisg y needs had transformed the natural buffered,diversified ecosystem to man made , fragile ,simple nooecosystem by a continum of anthroposere . The continuum of an throposere in the form of physiographical activities had affected the environmen t of nooecosystem to such an extent that inhabitants of global village had inevi tably conceived the idea of environmental awareness and equal human rights for f ellow citizens . To transform the conceived environmental awareness into reality it is necessary to develop general principles and concepts that governs the str uctural and functional dynamics of human settlements. Criteria for delimiting human settlements From the holistic viewpoint an answer for the question i.e. what is human settle ment ? is overdue since long. Can we designate a village, country,town, an indus trial area of commercial town as human settlement or an agglomerate of any of th e above should be designated as human settlement. Can we all unanimously accept thet any spatial organization of nature or man made existing in the form of vill age, country, town, cities, metropolis, industrial area, commercial town or thei r agglomerate can be designated as human settlement if that entity in the spatio -temporal framework of time and function satisfy the following criteria: A) It should continouusly provide dwelling unit for diverse population of the in habitants along with the shells and open spaces needed for productive, aesthetic , commercial and other psycho-communal needs. B) It should act as a reception center for migrants equipped with a self regulat ory mechanisms of norms, values and beliefs oriented of satisfy the psycho-socia l needs and legal mechanisms for most appropriate communal and organizational ne eds. C) It should sustainably provide within its territory a wide range of educationa l, employment and other human resource development opportunities largely in marg inal and small scale enterprises among with some medium and labour dominated and a few hightech and capital oriented enterprises. D) It should have a continouously evolving self adjusting plan for providing acc ommodation to the population in close proximity to the sources of bread and butt er. E) It should continuously evolve a sustainable dynamic social, communal, institu tional and commercial organization that will provide an essential social and org anizational support at the time of crises, emergency and when critically needed by population. F) It should encourage reward and respect individuals having innovative ideas an d developing more efficient techniques and instruments than the existing ones. Any transformed or natural entity satisfying the above criteria in the spatio-te mporal framework of time and functions will have agglomerate of mosaic of shells existing in diverse state. The state of mosaic of shells depends on norms, valu es, beliefs and occupation of inhabitants legal and executive mechanisms establi shed in that geographical location. Dynamic nature of norms, and legal mechanisms The interpretation of terms like norms, values, beliefs, legal mechanisms, psych o-communal, psycho-social will change from geographical locations to locations b

ut their meaning should fit the natural sociole gopolitical domain of that terri tory. We Indian, in last 100 years had seen how our royalty for then rulers i.e. Britishers had dynamically affected our norms and value system along with our e volving legal mechanisms. In the social and communal organization we have seen t he partition of population into two nation just on the basis of religion. In psy cho-communal and psycho-social terms we have seen division of Indian community i n different castes as well as in majority and minority classes. In context of th e inhabitant of global village the terms like norms. values and legal mechanisms are slowly evolving to give equal rights to all individuals irrespective to the colour, caste or race to which he/she belongs. As far as legal mechanisms are c oncerned much emphasis is given to prosecute individuals on the basis of facts a s evidenced by people or relevant government, private, social or public organiza tion. As far as the form of government needed to evolve, respect, enforce, execu te, and obey the established norms and value system as well as to safeguard the interest of individuals much emphasis is given to the democratically form of gov ernment elected on the basis of adult franchise i.e. one man one vote concept. T hese democratically elected representatives had encouraged focusing on immediate crises and accomplishes well the necessary, often rapid, actions within budgeta ry constrainst by means of short range planning. By means of short range plannin g much attention was given to improve the inhuman living condition so teeming ma sses either by revitalizing the existing human settlement wherever possible or d eveloping the well planned new human settlement with a minumum side effect to na ture and its self regulatory mechanisms. To revitalize the abandoned or dilapidated settlements or to create new settleme nts, development activities planned with an optimum growth rate were implemented . In the initial stages for attaining the desired rate of growth and development , exploration and transformation of natural resources into economic resources on commercial basis was adopted as a modal system. This system in the initial term s reduced the misery and suffering of teeming masses all over the world . In lon g term due to imperfect visions and blink foresightness of planners, majority of people belonging to middle income group have emerged throughout the global vill age due to the widening of the range of people who have everything (rich) and th ose who does not have anything (poor). Impact of middle Income group : The emergence of middle income group people in majority in the sociolegopolitica l domain of human settlement have strengthened the ideology and principles of en vironmentalism. In our everday action we are stressing much to conserve our habi tat and form biosphere reserve to maintain the diverse population in wild habita t. In the domesticated habitat i.e.sanctuaries and parks much emphasis was given to maintain the diverse community and let the habitat regenerate according to t he well observed principles of succession in biological communities. While for c ommercial exploitation different monocultures of organisms are maintained on dif ferent man made, synthetic and semisynthetic diets based on the diverse physiolo gical requirements of concerned organisms. Yet the continuous neglect and unabil ity of ekisticians scientists to frame out the broad/general principles of succe ssion for human habitat had dilapidated the quality of life and standard of live ing of the masses all over the world. In order to improve the quality of life an d standard of living of the masses while delimiting any settlement to revitalize and/or delimiting any geomorphological formation to develop new settlement we s hould optimise: A) The availability of natural resources for commercial, domestic and other ever yday needs and its impact on the way of living. commercial and economic activiti es of the population of inhabitants. B) The biopsychic potential. biopsychic state along with the physiographical act ivity of the inhabitants and to what extent it will act as a major limiting fact ors for the successful establishment and positive evolution of institutions crea ted for developing human resources, cultural, commercial, economic and education al activities along with the maintenance of healthier, civic, aesthetic and recr eational facilities. C) The available sustainable biological diversity constituting the food in that

region and its impact on the biopsychic state of the population. D) The active participation of individuals and the type of leadership developed by the inhabitants which will by the key factor for any growth and developmental activities. E) The perceptions of the inhabitants, who by their creativity can affect the po tlential implementation of plan both favorable and adversely. F) The strategies to persuade innovative and creative mind possessing individual s to take active part in regenerative or establishments activities. Unability of scientists to optimise these multivariate variables alnog with ever evolving brain functions exhibiting diverse nonlinear responses in the form of cultural and social practices as well as heritages of the past limited scientist to frame broad principles of succession of human habitat. Any holistic approach of research and development exploring the research methodology acquired by soci al scientists, educationists, psychologists, philosophers, historians, natural r esource managers, pathologists, lofe scientists, computer scientists, informatri cs, and system analysts integrated to achieve a single goal i.e. to provide a ha bitable shelter/dwelling unit to all, having the universally accepted minimum ne eds can outline not only the broad principles of succession in human habitat but will be of immense help to develop unanimously accepted unambiguous principles and concepts that govern the structural and functional dynamics of human settlem ents. Analytical, reductionist approach backlashes: The domination of reductionists approach to analyze the problems of human settle ments by planners, architects, developers, social workers, educationists and soc ial scientists have not contributed much to reduce the misery and suffering of t he masses. Different plans and welfare schemes were simultaneously started by di fferent agencies in same or different locality without given much attention to t he root causes of the problem. Attention were concentrate to elevate the people from the illeffects of inhumane living conditions by developing the geomorpholog ical spatial organization's rather than to develop the quality of available huma n resource, energy resources as well as the natural and manmade enviromental con ditions. These approaches had constantly degraded the quality of our environment upto such extent that masses start feeling about the environmental crises. Relevant Gandhian Principle's: If this environmental crises is seen through the legosociohistorical perspective of India than the philosophy of Gandhi's to coexists with nature is of great si gnificance. We can coexist if we sincerely follow the principles of recycling, s ymbiosis and antibiosis. This can only be achieved if the planners, scientists a nd technologists can conceive that ultimately nature cannot be conquered or inde finitely explored but it has to be understood and coaxed into mutual partnership . As soon as we accept to coaxed nature we will start creating order out of diso rder in our settlement i.e. we will try to maintain everything in order by optim izing the influx and efflux of matter, energy and information from the environme nt. Thus we have to establish an vialbe and dynamic perimeter enclosing our sett lements with which one is specifically concerned off. Thus, from our environment we should try to: A) Minimize the use of depletive assets so as to preserve the valuable resources for posterity. B) Promote a use pattern which is more natural so as to promote better health. C) Enable the use of diffuse resource flow in nature to make it possible for man to escape the centralists control over life's basic requirements. This can only be achieved if the existing social system accepts the principle of interspecies balance and the principle of an organic unity of the entire commun ity in that habitat. Acceptance of the principle of interspecies balance would c ommit people to prevent the multiplication of human species, races and classes. This commitment would come from an understanding that in the alternative destruc tion of our's own species, race and class is inevitable. Acceptance of the princ iple that every individual and its creation is an organic unit of the settlement would mean a recognition that disintegration of any part or over expansion of a ny part is dangerous to the very existence of human settlement as a whole. In ot

her words, starvation of anybody and overgrowth of anybody else are both threats to the very existence of social system in that settlements. These age old norms and values were superimposed by the commercial values in the pre- and post- ind ependent era of India. Superimposition of commercial values on our age old norms and values had affected our social, cultural and collective practices to such a n extent that we have allowed our villages in vicinities to our town and country side, the peripheral clusters of cities and central locality of old cities to g et transformed into slums. Ever increase in the number of dilapidated slum squatters in cities, towns and c ountry side on one hand, and on the other hand in the name of development and gr owth, capital intensive commercial, residential, institutional and productive un its were developed which have created new occupational niches for marginal and a verage income earners. Marginal and average income earning people acquired state , public and private lands and developed unauthorized colonies with a total negl ect for necessary civic and public amenities. These three pronged strategy adopt ed by man to develop his habitat was due to the superimposition of psycho- genic evelution on the biotic evolution. This superimposition was in concordance with the well observed and appreciated phenomenon of nature's "that organisms contin uously modify its habitat so as to increase its chance of survival ". In imitati ng natural phenomenon of interaction of organisms with its habitat he had signif icantly analyzed different habitat of diverse organism's and integrated useful a daptive mechanisms while developing dwelling, occupational, productive and resid ential unit in different natural habitats by means of socio-genic mechanisms of psycho-genic evolution. The elements of sociogenic mechanisms that guided the ps ychogenic evolution are the ability of creative individuals to acquire some leve l of competence to communicate and express itself among the member of community. The ability to communicate affects the preception of individuals or its group s o as to achieve its conceived or desired level of aspiration. To achieve its tar geted level he had explored and developed metaphor and sources of energy and phy sical devices in nature. During exploration and development he had discovered ec ologic commodities which were scarcely available everywhere but were absolutely needed to satisfy its hunger, biological needs of clothing and shelters to maint ain himself in a viable state. The availability of the commodities to satisfy it s biological needs provided him an opportunity to use its brain to understand an d analyse the basic phenomenon of nature that affects its everyday life. On unde rstanding the basic structural and functional organization of nature he had deve loped different institutions to counter and annihilate the undesirable natural p henomenon affecting its peace and creativity by rationally choosing the easiest or cheapest means/modes to achieve desired benefit with minimum effort and lowes t cost. Choice of cheapest/easiest: This choice of cheapest/easiest have inspired him to domesticate wild animals an d to use them for tranporting goods as well as to ease its capability to cultiva te land to grow cereals and pulses etc. Cultivation inspired him to abandoned no madic way of living by settling down on the cradle of future human settlements. Here he had developed religious, educational, commercial and economic institutio ns with its own norms and value system based on his thoughts, beliefs, experienc es and knowledge. For attaining the perceived norms and values he had sacrificed his generations and himself up to such an extent that he gained an absolute pse udomastery over the occupied geomorphological formations. After attaining pseudo mastery he had started economic. institutional and commercial activities in its shells/demure (Fr) formed by its physiographical activities and thus created the nooecosystem in which: a) The interaction between the elements change the condition of human settlement s as it progress from present into future. b) All time dependent process integrates and exerts cumulative (both negative an d positive) effects after variable time/generation lag. c) Deverse dynamic state of human habitat exist in the form of helmets, villages . towns,. countries, cities, metropolis etc. d) The cascade/sequence of undesirable symptoms are not due to simple cause-effe

ct relationships but the root cause lies in the very structure and interactions of elements interrelated in a complex way. e) All actions, whether public or private, conscious or subconscious taken to an nul the effect of undesirable symptoms occurs within the feed back loops structu red in that state. f) Type of feed back loop structured in any state of human habitat depends on th e operational sociogenic mechanisms in that geographical locations. overview :these characteristics will only be perceived by individuals following humanistic rhetoric. In humanistic rhetoric, responsibility is the key factor (Shapiro and Shapiro, 1979). The responsible individual or its group should be: A) Familar with decision making paradigms of its settlements. B) Capable of analysing one's environment for negative and positive influences. C) Competent in assessing contingrencies so as to modify one's strength and weak nesses. These complex behavioral skills of responsibilities (Thoresen and Mahoney, 1974) may made individuals and its group more competent to identify and potimise cont ingencies so he may be able tocoexist with nature. These action may remove self destructive impulse of commercialised-industrial man who had a desire to conquer nture and its society by producing all the goods he needed by synthesizing or p rocessing easily available ecological commodities. Desire to conquer had contrad icted our basic aspirtions to longer,healthier, more physically and psychically fulfilled life. Conflict between the desire and our basic aspiration had constan tly deteriorated our environment, depleted the available finite nonrenewable res ources and altered the structural and functional diversity of nat only of man bu t also of other organisms in their communities. Thus, by following the proposed concept and principles we can develop a generation of responsible indiv-iduals a nd its group who may optimise our activity by understanding counterintutive beha viour of social system (Forrester 1971) Optimization and imparting knowledgr tha t responsibility for one's life can extend so far and beyond that, let us learn a yielding and an acceptance that creativity is the product of interaction betwe en the biopsychic potential of an individual with its environment and society. a creative individual can be rendered productive by providing adequate opportunit ies. A productive individual due to its desire, creates networks to establish stable relationship with natural and man, made entity by maximizing his potential conta ct with natural and manmade entity with minimum efforts. It is this task of maxi mizing potential contact with minimum efforts that are to be achieved by accepti ng the proposed concept and principles while developing, any human settlement fo r our future generation or for ourself to provide a humane habitable habitat. HUMAN SETTLEMENTS THE SUPRAORGANISMS Dinesh Kumar Gupta Department of Biochemistry and Home sciences University of Allahabad, Allahabad211002 Received July 15, 1991, Accepted September 25,1991. ABSTRACT: Inheritance of habitable environment for our future generation positiv e development of available human resource and optimization of the finite availab le matter and energy utilization can be rapidly achieved by organizing human set tlement as supraorganisms. Human-settlement organized as SUPRAORGANISMS will exi st as multivariate, multilooped , non- linear feedback, open concrete system. Key words: Ekistobiology, eco-system. habitat, bio-system. Continuing domestication of plants and animals. acquistion of diverse technologi cal devices and physiographical activities had transformed the natural ecosystem to man-made ecosystem (Nooecosystem). The nooecosystem inhabited and dominated by man had acquired the form of human settlement. Table 1 illusustrates the prob able list of elements, their state and subsystems of human settlements. The subs ystems viz. nature,man,society,shells and networks were initially delimited as e lements of human settlement (Doxiadis, 1970). The technological-human-legopoliti cal-economic-manmade complex, in dynamic framework of environment, process and t ime had given rise to multivariate, multilooped. non-linear, feedback open concr

ete system. The transformation of the natural manmade-technological complex into a dynamic system was due to the extablishment of the web of relationship betwee n the interdigitating components. For analysing interpretating and planning the structural and functional dynamics of the complex system, there is an absolute n eed for a separate co-disciplinary branch of science. Doxiadis while postulating the principles of ekistics (the science of human settlements) expressed that "t hese principles and law are actually an extension of man's biological characteri stics, and in this respect we are dealing with a biology of larger system" (Doxi adis,1970). Thus, its a right time to develop a separate branch of codisciplinar y biological-science which may be coined as ekistobiology. For developing techni ques, principles and concepts of ekistobiology there is a need of change in the preception of academician's, welfare scientists and planners that human settleme nts are not only the habitat of human, but in their own they are supraorganisms. In the present paper an attempt has been made to affect the perception of 21 st century numanity by interpretating human settlements as supraorganisms. Perspective Individuals/groups of individuals (wynne-Edwards, 1963), during the course of ev olution in the spatio-temporal fame work of nature had transformed it, by exploi ting the goods they needed for the establishment of social-system by mean of kin -ship and other relationships. Establishment of social system had changed the st ratification and spatio-temporal organization of nature which the economic man h ad termed as growth and development. Growth is due to the addition of individual s/groups of individuals having certain norms and values in the form of families. On the other hand, development is achieved by mean of institutions established to regulate the activities of individuals so as to achieve its established norms and values by affecting/changing the biopsychic potential (the capacity of biot ic moiety existing in the form of man) as well as the psychological state of ind ividuals. elements State of elements sub systems system 1. Evolving system (A) Ab origin (L)(the state of element which exists from the begining) 1- Nature (the genetically evolving cybernatic system) 2. Biopsychic state 3. Institutions 4 Buffered static structure

5. Language

6. Geomorphology (B) Ab initio (L)( the state of element with which human settlement started) 2. Man (the psycho-socially evolving unbuffered open syste 7. Creativity 8. Ecologic commodities 9. Dwelling/Demure (Fr.) 10. Mode of expression and communication

Human settlement (multivariate, multilooped non-linear feed back open concrete s ystem 11. Sources of energy and physical system (C) Ad valorem (L) (the state of element with the inception of economic activiti es) 3. society (multilooped nonlinear feed-back abstracted system) 12. Sel concept 13. Perceptions of individuals/groups of individuals 14. Functional shells of man 4. Shells (the concrete technologically evolving static structrure) 15. Transportation system 16. Biotic system (D) Ad infinitum (L) (the state of elements due to the desire to create and sati sfy needs of human wants) 5. Net Work (the visible or invisible, technologically evolving simple dynamic s

ystem) 17. Level of aspiration 18. Economic activity 19. Shelters of institutions 20. Meaphor for processing information Change of state was accompanied with inception of new activities like farming, t eaching, learning, economic industrial etc. New activities had dynamically affec ted the mode of living by diversifying the occupational and functional niches of individuals/groups of individuals, by imitating the physiological division of l abour, already well established in the entire biological spectrum ranging from a bsolescence biomacromolecules (Beutler, 1986) to the complicated open system exi sting in the from of organisms and their societies. It is this physiological div ision of labour which had provided opportunities to the ancestors of human to en ter new eras of technologies synchronized with the organic evolution of central nervous system in the form of diverse behaviour. Behaviour were structured and s ystematized into and identified with the communities moral order and value hiera rchy " which are partly interiorised and inherited as the conscience of the indi vidual, and partly learnt, taught and transmitted as the external social heritag e" (mukerjee, 1963) it is these unique behavioral features associated with the s ynchronous development of technologies for its needs that had changed the habita t of animal-bipes from arboreal to plain dweller, where after wandering all over the plains in the form of nomads he had settle on the fertile plains of river v alleys, the cradle of human settlements. The process of synthesis of human settlements Human settlement were/are synthesized by the establishment of institutions/group s of institutions/groups of institutions, on every geographical location, having different but easily accessible geomorphological formations by aset of physiogr aphical activities. Physiographical activities were/are dependent on norms and v alues of individuals/ group of individuals, which are inherited extra geneticall y from one generation to the other by means of traditions and cultures which con stiture the psychogenic evolution of human. Psychogenic evolution associated wit h physiographical activities such as building of shells for shelters and optimum biological need of habitat, shelters for institutions of tranforming land for a gricultural, industrial, econocmic and other aesthetic, need had constituted the socio-genic mechanism of pyscho-genic evolution which had superimposed on the b iological evolution of human. Superimposition of evolutionary processes had chan ged the biopsychic state due to which the animal-bipes was able to establish div ersified forms of settlement. These settlements were established to satisfy the biological needs of bipedial erect posture stereoscopic vision possessing animal bipes i.e. human. the dominatig species. This dominating species under the infl uences of psychogenic evolution had further diversified its occupational niches by accelerating the process of tranformation of natural ecosystems existing in d ifferent land forms by developing man-made ecosystems in the form of agglomerate of shells existing in the state of helmets, villages, towns, cities, metropolis and polis. Transformation of natural ecosystems to man-made ecosystems is guide d by the law of economy which states that "a given benefit will be achieved at t he lowest cost of thing yielding equal satisfaction, rationally implies the choi ce of the cheapest" (Mundell,1968). This law in the case of synthesis of human s ettlements was termed by Doxiadis, as "Principles of Ekistics" . it is these law s of economy and principles of ekistics that had given rise to economic man who is intensively engaged in the economic activities.

Similarities between human settlements and biotic system Intensive economic activities have changed the psychological state of man by inc reasing its bio-psychic potential with an extensive adoption of new technologies . New technologies had dynamically changed the existing social systems from folk to urban type in majority of land forms. This change of state from folk to urba n was associated with increase in number of families and institutions capable of growth and development. Growth and developmental activities had potentially aff ected the overall state of existing social system just as the deletion, addition or substitution of a carbon atom at any point in the three dimensional space of biomacromolecules or organic molecules are capable of affecting the existing ph ysiochemical state. The change of state was associated with the diversity, in th e form of occupational niches, technologies, heterogeneous families and other mu ltivariate variables of urban social system just as different bonds, forces type s and quantum of energy affect the function of biomacromolecules. The multivaria te social system had affected the process of living by changing the lifestyle of individuals so that they can lead a harmonious and synchronous life with the ne wly formed environment just like any change in physiochemical properties is buff ered by different homeostasis mechanisms of organisms. The changed life style of the people living in different forms of agglomerate was structured by a more ag gressive and intimate relationship with its environment via exchange of matter a nd energy by means of diverse technologies just like the organisms do for their survival in any ecosystem by adopting it in the form of an open system. To coord inate the structure and function of the newly synthesized open system different programmes like operation flood, green revolution, recycling societies, developm ent of waste land bio-technology, alternative resources of matter and energy etc . were planned just like organisms, who are capable of regulation and coordinati ng the activities of it different subsystems. by optimising the utilization of m atter and energy of their immediate environmetn. These means of co-ordination ha ve increased the number of settlement existing in developing and developed state just as the increase in number of organisms in a suitable environmental conditi ons due to the positive feed-back in reproductive system. Dissimilarities between organisms and human settlements Human settlement are delimited by means of arbitrary defined boundaries whose pr operties are controlled and regulated by different regulatory mechanisms such as taxes, subsidiaries, compensation so that every constituent may be able to achi eve its optimum growth and development just as the real semipermeable differenti ally permeable boundaries are capable of growth and development upto an optimum limits by economically processing matter and energy under the influence of infor mation present on complimentary macromolecules. The growth and development of hu man settlement is regulated by different socio-genic mechanisms of psychogenic e volution of man on contrary to organisms which maintain it by means of feedback subsystems of homeostasis mechanism controlled and influenced by the evolution o f complimentary information possessing biomacromolecules, as well as different p roduct biosynthesized by the organisms. These difference in evolutionary process of organism and human settlements had affected the field of interaction which i s limited to the immediate environment of organisms on contrary to the human set tlements, which had an extensive field of interactions dependent on the existing dynamic state of social system. Overview The extensive fields of interaction delimited by mean of arbitrary defined bound aries have increased the size of an open system which cannot be observed by the traditional experimental means due to the ' multiloop, non-linear feedback' natu re of social system (Forrester, 1971) dominating the human settlements. Thus, in this era of compunication it may be possible to delimit human settlements as th e mosaic of shells inhabitated by individuals/groups of individuals occupying di versified functional and occupational niches, by establishing stable relationshi ps for an optimum period to time with different moieties in any well defined geo graphical location, by forming multivariate, multilooped non -linear feed back o pen concrete system. The uniqueness of this open concrete system is its capabili ty to tranduce one from of energy to other form by decreasing the amount of usef

ul energy (entropy), by degrading it, or by dissipating it in the form of heat , sound, radiations and pollution. It is this negentrophic development of human s ettlement under the influence of psychogenic evolution superimposing the organic evolution of organism that is unique between organisms and human settlement. Th ese superimposing evolutionary mechanism have given rise to supraorganisms well organized in the spatiotemporal frame work of nature. Organization in the spatio temporal framework is affected both by the physiographical activities of man as well as the elements of psychogenic evolution just as the DNA, while possessing all the information for the chemistry, may not have all the information for the various types of organization found in cells (Srivastava etal., 1988). it is thi s " non -DNA controlled organization " (Bhargava and Gambhisr, 1984 ) in a cell which is the prerequisite for its ability to perform several functions, includin g the minimal ones at an optimunm rate in an integrated manner that is carried o n by the elements of psychogenic evolution of man in the human settlement by org anizing it in the form of supraorganisms capable of continuing creating and cont rolling its boundaries by itself. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Author wishes to express his gratitude to Prof. J.S. Rathor and Dr, M. Suhail fo r constant encouragement and special thanks to University Grants Commission for the award of Junior Research Fellowship. CELL SURFACE ORGANIZATION Dinesh Kumar Gupta The macromolecular organization of cell surface in structural and functional ter ms is discussed and illustrated by adapting fluid mosaic model of functional bio membranes. In order to precisely understand how the perimeter of a biological system is abl e to perform diverse range of functions, a preliminary knowledge of biomembranes is necessary. Etymologically membrane is derived from latin work membrana which literally means "that which covers the members of the body". In entire range of biological organization inhomogeneity is maintained in the form of organelle, c ells, tissues, organs and organisms by means of obsolescence supramacromolecular organization of biomembranes. Conventionally biomembrane can be primarily categ orized on the basis of spatial relationship. Although electron microscopy has re vealed continuity among cytoplasmic membrances as well as continuity among cytop lasmic membrane and plasmamembrane but the geometric relationships, chemical com position, ultrastructural and physiological behaviour support the conventional c ategorization of biomembranes into three distinct types, viz., nuclear membrane, cytoplasmic membrane and plasma membranes. FUNCTONS OF BIOMEMBRANE: The inner and outer nuclear membrane separates the major information storage and basic control apparatus of the eukaryotic cells from energy producing, syntheti c and packing apparatus. Cytoplasmic membrane in the form of inner mitochondrial membrane couples energy yielding respiration with transmembrane proton gradient that produces ATP by oxi dative phosphorylation. Lysosomes and peroxisomes are packages of hydrolytic and oxydative enzymes enclosed within the biomembrane probably to save the cells fr om the lethal hydrolytic and oxidative reactions and releases these enzymes in p ulses when needed. The other cytoplasmic membrane i.e. the endoplasmic reticulum provide a three dimensional spatiotemporal strata for segregation and aggregati on of functionally related intracellular components. Thus nuclear and cytoplasmi c membranes form barriers to organelles, complexes of macromolecules and macromo lecules. The plasma membrane due to presence of vectorial nature of enzymes in its bilaye r differentiate aqueous regions within cells, and between cytoplasmic and aqueou s medium besides juxtapositioning the cytosolic components in a highly organized way. For example nucleus is kept close to endoplasmic reticulum which synthesiz es specific proteins on instruction from the nucleus as well as maintain mitocho ndria close to energy requiring processes, while it produces net transport of so lutes and solvents between extracellular compartments. Thus plasma, membrane in the form of perimeter maintains the optimin position of organelles in its cytoso

lic side while outside the cells it forms tissues, organs and thus compartmental izes the organisms. COMPARTMENTAL ORGANIZATION: There exists two major megacompartment in animals, mammals and human body and is made up of more than a thousand million cells organized in specific manners. Th ese megacompartments are (I) extracellular compartments, and (II) intracellular compartments. The extracellular compartments were delimited into:- (a) vascular compartment, (b) interstetial compartment, and (c) lymphatic compartment. While the intracellular compartment as defined by cell biologists exists in the form o fucleus, (b) endoplasmic reticulum, (c) mitochondria, (d) lysosomes and (e) many other organelles. CELL SURFACE: Limiting boundary enclosing the elements of intracellular compartment forms the surface of the basic unit of life, i.e. the cell. The cell surface is constitute d by topologically closed asymmetrically organized thermodynamically structured biomolecules forming hydrophobic domain in the form of supramacromolecular organ ization. This hydrophobic domain is the spatiotemporal entity, where diverse eve nts take place. These events can occur simultaneously, concurrently and cyclical ly in the form of (a) insulation, (b) transport of nutrients and ions passively/ actively so as to maintain the disequilibrium state, (c)recognition of hormones, growth factors, neurotransmitters, foreign compounds, immunogen and so on, (d)s ecretion of hormone, bile, milk etc. and (e) formation of cell to cell contact. In fact, it is tthe above mentioned cell surface events that often underlie the very function that a particular cell performs in an organism by forming differen t organs. Table I illustrates some examples cells whose function is defined by t he events at the cell surface. From the above table one can infer that the diver se range of events that occur at the cell surface are dependent on the types of functional molecules, especially proteins. Alterations of these functional molec ules will affect the structural and functional integrity of cell by altering the feedback and feedforward ractions via fine and coarse TABLE-1 EXAMPLE OF CELLS WHOSE FUNCTION IS DEFINED BY EVENTS AT THE CELL SURFACE Organ Cell Type Major Function Surface Events Molecules Involved Brain and nervous neuron Conduction of electrical impulses Alteration of permeability to K+ and NaThe k- and Na- channels constituting proteins. Endocrine gland (Piotuitary,thyroid,adrenal,pancreas and other glands) Hormone secreting cell Release of hormones Transduction of altered blood composition into raised ca 2+ Within cells Receptors of hormones, releasing metabolites,effectors and modulators involved i n increasing the intracelluar Ca 2+ contents.

Gastrointestinal tract Epithelial cell Transfer of nutrients from gastrointestinal Absorption of sugars, amino acids. triglycerides, vitamins, salts & water. a) Components which increascs the cell surface by folding into microvilli b)Enzymes which hydrolyse disaccharides into monosaccharides, dipeptdes into ami no acids. c) Vitamin B12, Fe 2+ and Ca 2+ binding proteins. d) Na-,K- ATPase which move Na-,CI-,water, sugars and amino acids from the epith elial cells of intestine to blood. Respiratory tract Epithelial cell Movement of protective layer of mucus towards throat Beating of cilia All components of cell surface, which increased the surface area by folding into cillia. Kidney Epithelial cell of renal tubule Reabsorption of nutrients from urine into blood stream Absorption of sugars, amino acides, salts and water a) Components which increases the cell surface by folding into microvilli. b) Na-, K- ATPase which move Na+,Cl-,water,sugar and amino acids from glomerular cells to blood. Muscle Muscle cell Contraction and relaxation of muscle fibers to cause movement of limbs, heart va lves intestine and so on. Transduction of impulses from neurons into raised Na- or Ca2+ within cells The receptors to which the neurotransmitters released by the neurons bind and th ere by open the channels of Na- and Ca 2+ Blld,thymus,spllen and lymph nodes Lymphocyte Elimination foreign compounds, cells and organisms from body. Recognition & attachemnt of foreign compounds,cells and organisms The immunoglobul in and other proteins that recognize and bind to specific sites of foreign compounds, cells, organisms, immunogens. Erythrocytes Transport of CO2,O2 and metabolite

Acquisition of deformed discoid shape by minimizing the surface area to volume r atin 1. Hemoglobin 2.Network of cytoskeleton proteins 3. Metabolites viz,ATP 2,3-DPG and NAD/NADH. control of enzyme synthesis due to the prescence of abnormal or mutant functiona l genes. Besides varichemical characteristics of cell surface are induced by dif ferent environmental toxicants, dietary fatty acids and nuritional status of ind ividuals . In hemaglobinopathies, the subtle interplay of genetic and environmen tal status induces alteration in erythrocyte cell surface. These alterations aff ect the kinetic parameters (like km. Vmax and cooperativity) of enzymes, affinit y and number of peptide hormones, characteristic properties of different pumps w hich act as gates for influx/efflux of osmotically and physiologically active in orgaic ions, as well as the modulating capacities of modulator proteins (G-prote ins, calmodulin) by the mechanisms of the variable and regulatable association a nd segregation of molecules within the structured milleu of the basic unit of ce ll surface. DYNAMIC MODEL OF CELL SURFACE : Singer and nicolson (1972) model of biomembrane or Pasternak (1985) model of cel l surface illustrate the constitutional (rather static) aspects of cell surface 6-7. The ubiquitous presence of modulator proteins (Calmodulin(CaM), G-proteins) as well as phospholipase-C sensitive glycosylphophatidy1-inosito (GPI) anchored proteins had necessiated to update the conventional cell surface model which can illustrate its dynamic state. Figure I illustrates the dynamic model of cell su rface organization with the help of which one can very easily understand the mec hanisms of transmutation of extracellular information into intracellular events. Teh receptor unit recognizes a distinet chemical entity and translates informat ion from that entity into a form that can alter cell's state accordingly by acti vating enzymes or forming mediator of hormone action via means of modulator subs ystem. For example, the binding of insulin with its receptors affects the phosph olipid bilayer by increasing the content of the phosphatidic acid and diacylglyc erol . These in turn activate protein kinase C (PKC) which activates the CaM- (C a2+Mg2+) ATPase complex thus altering the internal Ca2+ status . This model also fulfils the definition of pharmocological receptor as this states that the tran sduction aspects of receptor mechanisms suggest selective interaction of the rec eptor with unique membrane or cytosolic components of the cell that can carry th e message imparted by drug's . This unique membrane or cytosolic component of ce lls is represented by modulator and catalytic unit of modulator subsystem. Broadly, the cell surface is categorized into three main groups :(a) exrtacellul ar hydrophilic environment, (b) the lipophilic hydrophobic environment, and (c) the cytosolic hydrophilic environment Table 2 illustrates the main macromolecula r constituents of the above mentioned three categories. In brief the basic unit of cell surface is constituted by thermodynamically stru ctured hydrophobic domain existing in the form of bilayer organization of asymme trically organized phospholipids. The head group of these phospholipids (PL) con stitutes the cytosolic and extracellular hydrophilic domain. The hydrophobic dom ain is stabilized by the two dimensional proteinous membranoskeleton present in the cytosolic side of essentially unattached cells like ervthrocytes, lymphocyte s while in the case of cells that form tissues, membranoskeleton the three-dimen sional cytoskeleton stabilize the bilayer of hydrophobic domain. In cells that c onstitute tisues and organs, the exrtacellular hydrophilic domain has peptidogly can(collagen,fibronecting)which links one cell to its neighbours, besides posses sing immunogenic domain present in both unattached and attached cells. The diver sity of immunogenic domain is maintained by diverse molecular organizations, att achments of various carbohydrates moietics at the terminal ends of the extrinsic and intrinsic structural and functional proteins. In the cytosolic hydrophilic domain of cell surface different functional proteins accrete or interact with sp ecific components of hydrophobic domain of cell surface or with membranoskeleton

or cytoskeleton components. The TABLE-2 Extracellular hydrophilic environment Head or hydrophilic region of phospholipids. Proteoglycan (dells constituting ti ssues) Varying tissue of cell specific immunogens. Receptors of different hormon es, their antagonists and neurotransmitters. Lipophilic hyprophobic environment Fatty acid chains of phospholipids and steroids. Hydrophobic domain of different intrinsic functional protein.i.e. anion transporter, glucose or cation transpor ting protein etc. Transmembrane portion of receptors, modulator unit as well as well as catalytic unit. Intrinsic structural proteins. Cytosolic hydrophilic environment Head groups of phospholipids Extrinsic structural and functional proteins. Membr anoskeleton and linker proteins cytoskeleton proteins. Accreted functional and s tructural proteins. Hydrophilic domain of transmemrane structural and functional proteins. Membrane derived mediators of hormones/neurotransmitters action. hydrophobic domain contains a diverse range of functional proteins among which a group of protein constitutes modulator sybsystem. The modulator subsystems have receptors of different biologicals (hormones their antagonists, neurotransmitte rs) in the extracellular hydrophilic domain, the modulators and effectors units in cytosolic hydrophilic/hydrophobic domain . The interactions of modulator and effector units with dydrophobic domain depend on the metabolic, strain, stress a nd other pathophysiological status of cells/individuals. Among receptor and effe ctors unit some enzymes are used by membranologists to ascertain the purity of m embrane sample i.e., marker enzymes. The marker enzymes present in the extracell ular hydrophilic domain are anchored within the hydrophobic domain via means of different glycosyl-phosphatidyl inositol (GPI) molecules which are sensitive to phospholipase-C(PLC) and on hydrolysis liberate marker enzymes in exofacial surf ace and mediators of biological action, like phosphatidic acid , diacylglycerol etc. in cytosolic side. The organization of these diverse macromolecules as illustrated by the dynamic c ell surface model elaborates more precisely and specifically how the cell surfac e is capable of carrying out a wide range of functions in the entire range of bi ological spectrum. ACKNOWLEDGMENT: Author express his thank to prof. J.S. Rathore and Prof. M. Suhail for constant encouragement and guidance as well as the University Grants Commission for provi ding J.R.F. REFERENCES 1- W.Ferdimand: The enzyme molecule. pp. 289. John willey & sons. 1976 2- T.P.Kenakin. R.A. Bond and T.I.Bonner: pharmacological Review. 92:351.1992 3- P.Knox: Biologists, 30:159.1983 4- A.P.M. Lockwood: The membranes of animals cells. pp. 76 Edward Arnold. 1978. 5- M.G. Low and J. B. Finean: j. Biochem. 167:281.1977. 6- C.A Pastemak: interdisciplinary Science Reviews 10:42.1985 7- S.J, Singer and G.I. Nicolson: Science. 175:720.1972 Central Dogma of Ekistobiology Dinesh Kumar Gupta Shree Gupta institute, 903 Bai ka Bagicha, Jabalpur M.P. 482001 Proposed central dogma of ekistobiology is structrally similar to central dogma of molecular biology and psychology. Central dogma of ekistobiology of propose t o characterize the dominant subsystem of human settlement i.e., man in terms of its creativity, desire to create and satisfy and physiographical activity. Abili ty of scientist to develop quantitative methodology for simulated relationships will help planners and developers of human settlement to provide more economic, sustained and natural living conditions to teeming masses of global village. Introduction

Ekistobiology is a codisciplinary branch of life/biological sciences which willl basically deal with the development, analyswes, interpretation and planning the structural and functional dynamics of the abandoned, existing, diplapidated and new human settlements as human settlements are supraorganisms(1). Etymologicall y the prefix ekistics (the science of human settlements) is derived from the Gre ek word 'OIKW' (2) which means to settle down and the suffix biology is used her e to denote/represent the analysis and interpretation of the structural and func tional dynamics of biotic moieties. The human settlement is defined as an aggloo merate of mosaic of shells inhabited by individuals occupying diversified functi onal and occupational niches, by establishing stable relationship for an optimum period of time with different natural and man made moieties in any well defined geographical location by forming multivariate , multilooped, nonlinear feed-bac k open concrete system. The acquisition of the form of an open concrete system i s due to the establishment of stable relationship between the sub-systems i.e. m an, society, nature, shells and networks due to a specific spatiotemporal organi zation of its elements, figure-1 illustrates the interaction among the subsystem s of human settlement based on the principles of ekistics (3) which govern the i nterrelationships of man and its society with its shells as well as the signific ant factors affecting the interactions of man and its society with its networks (2) Whole different philosophical, spritual and religious practices as well as b ooks defined the type of relationship that man its society should establish with its nature, the cradle of habitats. Yet no concrete uniform principles/concepts are developed in which the interaction and role of man in its society is propos ed for the existing dynamics legopolotical state of global village. Gupta (4) wh ile outlineing the general principles and concept of ekistobiology have stressed the need for coexistance and recycling for the existing dynamic state of our ha bitat. This will provide a conceptual framework of interation of man with its so ciety. In the present communication the element which can characterize the subsy stem man are outlined. The element characterizing man are biopsychic state, crea tivity, self concept and level of aspiration affecting the personality of indivi duals/group of individuals and economic activities. The assessment of biopsychic potential (The capacity of biotic moiety existing in the form of man ) as well as the factors responsible for existing biopsychic state (the capacity of an ind ividual due to the cumulative effect of interaction between biochemicals, biolog icals, physical, sociological, psychological and environmental variable/effector s) of an individuals should become the frontier area or research of human biolog ists and environmental scientist at the global level. To initiate with the centr al dogma for psychology proposed by cook, 1988 (5) should be used as a conceptua l frame work to develop a quantitative methodology. Central Dogma of Psychology : COLLOSAL EFFECT Right hemisphere<= = = = = = = = = = = = = => Left hemisphere PYRAMIDAL TRACT EFFECT Left hemisphere Organ of speech and favoured hand Above dogma is based on the morphological anatomy and asymmetric functioning of the two roughly equivalent cerebral hemisphere not only in man but also in rat, bird mouse, cat, monkeys and gorilla as revealed by using virtually every availa ble empirical measures such as biochemical, anatomical and behavioural, on the b asis of lateralised specialisation of brain, individuals can be grouped as right hemisphere dominated and left hemisphere dominated individuals (6) It is observ ed that the vast majority of inhabitants of global village competent in external ly oriented skilled motor activities possess the dominant left hemisphere . Func tionally, Left hemisphere of the human brain is efficient in processing informat ion on the basis of the detail of events as it is the home of logic, efficiency, vertical- thinking and consciousness linked state. Ability of left hemisphere t o carry out above functions are due to its capability of handing and processing verbal, numerical, linear, sequential, analytical, logical, explict, concrete, i mageless, time bound and memory bound (7)instincts of individuals/group of indiv iduals. On contraty of left hemisphere dominated individuals, those person who p

lay decessive and key role in certain kind of emotional, spatial and contextual information processing have a dominant right hemisphere. Functionally, right hem isphere of the human brain is involved in feeling and visuo-spatial relationship as it is the home of intution, inspiration and creativity. This is attributed t o its capability of lateral, vertical and creative thinking in non-consciousness linked state. Ability of right hemisphere dominant individuals to handle and pr ocess non-verbal, visual, holistic, simultaneous, intuitive, emotional, diffuse symbolic, image space and nonmemory bound(7) instincts of individuals, instituti ons and social system have lead to the development of concepts and principles of system sciences generally known as general system theory. Thus a cooperative team of system analysists having psychologists, educationists , human, resource ploanners, life scientists, anthropologists and social scienti sts should not only elaborate Cooks central dogma of psychology but should also develop suitable qualitative and quantitative methodology based on biochemical a nalysis of normal and abnormal individuals(affected) by different neurological d isorders) as well as by analysing the widely used animal models of neurobiologis ts. Thus general acceptance of central dogma of psychology depends on the capabi lity of scientists to decipher and characterize the factors which controls the b iopsychic potential of individuals as well as those man made social and environm ental variables which are responsible for the existing bio-psychic state of indi viduals/gorup of individuals. Developement of standard qualitative and terms of creativity of individuals as well as the desire to create and satisfy need and p hysiographical activities of individuals/group of individuals may help ekistobio logists to put foreward for web of interrelationships of the elements of human s ettlements. Central Dogma of Ekistobiology: POLITICO-SOCIOCreativity <= = = = = = = = = = = = => Desire to create and satisfy needs CULTURAL EFFECTS RELGO-LEGODesire to create<= = = = = = = = = = = = = => Physiographical effects And satisfy needs TECHNICAL EFFECTS The central dogma of ekistobiology is based on the view that creative individual s/s is/are able to carry out a set of physiographical activity when he/she able to conceive and positively perceive the desire its society. An individuals is ab le to do this only when he attains a critical level of aspirations due to its ex isting biopsychic state. The norms values and beliefs are critical psychosocial factors which helps an individual to create or perform things which provides him satisfaction and also satisfy the needs of social system . A creative individua l have a tendency to satisfy the needs of social system by means of politico-soc io-cultural effects at the institutional level and religio-lego-technical effect s at the executive levels. These provides an essential feedbacks which helps an individual to dedicate his life for those beliefs which individual to dedicate a nd devote his life those beliefs which provides him a sense of piece and tranqui lity of being a human. The central dogma of ekistobiology consists a triad components, knowledge about which suffices for a general characterization of human settlements. The nuclear control center i.e. desire to create and satisfy need contains a functional dich otomy allowing for a balance between the long term stability of human settlement s via creativity and short term responsiveness to man made and natural elements via physiographical activities. This sort of functional dichotomy at the nuclear center of central dogma of ekistobiology is proposed so that the human settleme nt should become an efficient and real spatiotemporal organization of economic a nd commercial value's dominated social system in the existing urban state of liv ing. Yet the simple and not thoroughly analyzed state of rural and halmets livin g can be quantified by the set of principles guiding the actions, beliefs and de sire of individuals having traditional socio-cultural norms and values. Thus by assessing creativity and why the individuals are not interested to create and sa tisfy the needs as their urban counterpart are doing as well as probable psychop hobia for as similation and utilization of available technological means for int

ensifying their physiographical activities will be of immense importance for ide ntifying the dominant variables controlling the existing state of rural and halm ets living in human settlements. Knowledge of the dominant variables responsible for the spacified state of settlement may provides human settlement planners to achieve the conceived target by exploring the most economic planning policies. As different sociogenic mechanism guides/controls the psychogenic evolution of m an and its habitat, differential approach to identify dominant variable controll ing the state of (urban, rural, halmets) human settlements should be explored. T his differential approach is somewhat similar of what we observe in biosystems. In all those biosystems were RNA contains the genetic information the progeny of biosystems are maintained by synthesiszing DNA, catalysed by RNA dependent DNA polymerase (8) The synthesized DNA(probiosystem) guide the transcriptional and t ransalational process according to the widely accepted central dogma of molecula r biology which holds good for the entire range of biological organization. Central Dogma of Molecular biology : TRANSCRIPTIONAL EFFECT TRANSLATIONAL EFFECT DNA = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = >RNA-------------------------------->prote ins In the entire range of biological organization the genetic information present o n linear complimentry information containing macromolecules ie. DNA is transcrip ted by the interaction of codon and anticodon. The codons on tempelate strand of DNA and anticodons on mRNA guides/control the interaction of DNA with m RNA and the type of aminoacid that is to be transferred from the cytoplasmic pool to ri bosomal pool by tRNA. The tRNA translates the genetic information in the form of nucleotide sequence to amino acid sequence. The desired aminoacid sequence from the peptides in present of different proteineous factors involved in initiation , elongation and termination of peptide synthesis. This enzyme catalyzed peptide synthesis utilizes energy of ATP (conventional) and GTP(non conventional) hydro lysis to minimized the flaw of genetic information by forming diverse structural and functional proteins so as to maintain the dynamic state of biosystem of eco nomic processing energy, matter and information. Potential capability of ekistob iologists to mimmick the biosystem to form a stable and much more economic susta inable and competent human settlements that exists in historical past or are exi sting at present is the task ahead. Creativity is functionally similar to enzymes: To achieve the desired task it is hypothesized the creativity and opportunities in human settlements is functionally similar to enzymes and substrates in biosys tem. Knowledge and thought of individuals affects the available opportunities in human settlements in similar manner as coenzyme and cofactor affects the enzyme reactions. Desire to create and satisfy needs of individuals/group of individua ls in human settlements is similar to that of intermediate enzyme-substrate comp lex formed during the enzymic reactions. The transformations of desire to create and satisfy needs to physiographical activities are affected both positively an d negatively by different effectors (ecologic commodities, techniques, legal lim itations, religious beliefs, financial status) or religo-lego-technical effects in similar manner as inhibitors and activators of enzymes afects in biosystems. The unique feature of the above reactions is the regeneration of crativity along with physiographical activity in similar manner as enzymes and products are gen erated in biosystems. The above mentioned similaritieses is illustrated by table 1. Acceptance of above analogy should inspire neurophysiologists, neuropsycholo gists, brain chemists, ethonologists, psychologists, and social scientists to de velop rational principles to functionally classify creativity, knowledge and tho ughts in similar manner as enzymes, eoenzymes and cofactors are classified by en zymologists. Acceptance of the above analogy and development of functional class ification of creativity may help ekistobiologists touse the mathematical models used by enzymologists to characterize creativity and thus help them to develop q uantitative methodology to elaborate/ decipher the interrelationship among the e lement of human settlements. Conclusion To elaborate/decipher the interrelationship. ekistobiologists should be inspired

by life/biological scientists who have not only shown their capability to delim it the diverse range of enzymic mechanisms/bariable required for transcription a nd tranlation of genetic informations, the essential elements that minimze the f law of genetic information i.e. ribozyme p (9) and the molecules(modulators, eff ectors, receptors and mediators) involved in transmutation of information across the cell membrane but have also discovered the basic principles and types of in teractions that control these effects. Thus the potential capabilityof ekistobio logists to reveal the diverse range of biological, sociological, technological, psychological, legal and technical effectors of politioco-socio-cultural and rel igo-lego-technical effects and different interrelationship guiding the sociogeni c mechanisms will decipher/elaborate the sequence of events among the subsystems and their elements in human settlements. To minimize the required time span to decipher and identify the elements/mechanisms of ekistobiology, experimental and field evaluation of Cook's central dogma of psychology should be intensified . Unanimous and universal acceptance of central dogma of psychology with standard qualitative/quanititative methodology is much more needed at present. Available standard techniques of psychology will help ekixtobiologists to quantify sequenc e of events along with the general principles for conceptual and mathematical me delling of human settlements existing in different state. Simulation of conceptu al and mathmetical model to illustrate the multivariate ???? (Mathematics)[??????? ????] ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??, ??????, ????????, ????????, ?? ?? ???? ??????. ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ???? (Astronomy)[??????? ????] ???????????_???????? en:Andromeda Galaxy ?????? ??????? (Earth sciences)[??????? ????] Translation arrow-indic.svg ?? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????(??) ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? en:Toronto District School Board - http://www.tdsb.on.ca/wwwdocuments/parents/pa rents/docs/directorsprnt%20letter%202008-hindi.pdf en:Dufferin-Peel Catholic District School Board - http://www.dpcdsb.org/NR/rdonl yres/4205E61E-C70E-4E59-89B3-823728D2344D/94651/AdmissionsFlyerHINDI.pdf ???????????? (Technology)[??????? ????] ????????????/????????????/??????? ??????? (Programming/scripting/markup language s)[??????? ????] en:Perl - ???? (?????? ??? ???? ??, ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??) en:Visual Basic .NET en:BBCode (??????? ????? ???)???????? ??? ????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????: ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ???????????????????????????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ???????? ??????? (Embassy) ????????? ????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??????????? ??????

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