DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES KINGSBOROUGH COMMUNITY COLLEGE OF THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK EXAM 2 CHEM 1100 SPRING

2013 P. LLOYD SECTION 01 (8014)

1. Solid potassium carbonate reacts with aqueous hydrochloric acid to form aqueous potassium chloride, water, and gaseous carbon dioxide. A 0.550 g sample of potassium carbonate produced carbon dioxide gas that is collected using water displacement at 767 torr and at 23 C. What is the volume in milliliters of carbon dioxide gas produced? 2. The gas pressure in a steel container can is 1.25 atm at 25 C. If we assume that the gas obeys the ideal-gas equation, what is the pressure in torr when the can is heated to 425 C? 3. A flask initially has a mass of 115.011 g. When the flask is filled with an unknown gas to a pressure of 1.025 atm at 20 C, its mass increases to 116.112 g. The volume of the flask is measured and found to be 450. mL. Assuming the ideal gas law equation applies, calculate the approximate molar mass of the gas. 4. A mixture of 3.00 g of fluorine gas and 3.00 g of nitrogen gas is placed in a 15.0 L vessel at 50 C. What is the partial pressure of each gas and what is the total pressure of the mixture? 5. An unknown gas composed of a monatomic element effuses at a rate that is 1.87 times the rate of chlorine gas at the same temperature. Calculate the molar mass of the unknown gas and identify it. 6. How much heat in kilojoules is released when 0.514 g of propane is burned (combusted) in oxygen gas. 7. How much heat in kilojoules is needed to warm 2.500 g of copper from -12 C to 199 C? 8. The burning of gunpowder involves the oxidation of charcoal (approximated as C 7H4O) using potassium nitrate as an oxidizing agent. The reaction produces several gases: 4 KNO3 (s) + C7H4O (s) + 2 S (s) 2 K2S (s) + 4 CO2 (g) + 3 CO (g) + 2 H2O (l) + 2 N2 (g) When 0.150 g of gunpowder is reacted in a bomb calorimeter, the temperature of the calorimeter increases from 21.50 C to 27.50 C. In a separate experiment, the heat capacity of the calorimeter is measured to be 6.055 kJ/C. Calculate the heat of reaction for the reaction per gram of gunpowder. 9. Use the following reactions: 2 Sr (s) + O2 (g) 2 SrO (s) SrCO3 (s) SrO (s) + CO2 (g) C (graphite) + O2 (g) CO2 (g) H = -1184 kJ H = 234 kJ H = -394 kJ H = ?

To find the heat of reaction for: Sr (s) + C (graphite) + 3/2 O2 (g) SrCO3 (s)

10. Calculate the enthalpy change for the combustion of 1.0 mol of octane.

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES KINGSBOROUGH COMMUNITY COLLEGE OF THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK EXAM 2 CHEM 1100 SPRING 2013 P. LLOYD SECTION 01 (8014)
NA = 6.022 x 1023 1 amu = 1.661 x 10-24 g 1 J = 1 kgm2/s2 1 kg = 1000 g 1 kJ = 1000 J 1 L = 1000 mL 1 atm = 760 torr 1 torr = 1 mm Hg 1 atm = 14.7 psi 1 atm = 101.325 kPa TK = TC + 273 R = 0.0821 L atm/(molK) R = 8.31 J/(molK) P = F/A PV = nRT P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2 STP = 1 atm and 0 C Vstp = 22.41n M = dRT/P vrms = 3RT/M PTOT = PA + PB + PC + PA = XAPTOT XA = nA/ntot r2/r1 = M 1/ M 2 101.3 J = 1 Latm E = q + w H = E + PV = qp q = msT Hrxn = (np .Hf,p) (nr .Hf,r) Vapor Pressure Data for Water Temp (C) Vapor Pressure (torr) 10 12 14 16 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 32 9.0 10.5 12.0 13.5 15.8 16.5 17.5 18.7 19.8 21.1 24.2 23.8 25.2 26.7 28.4 30.0 31.5 36.0 ALKYNES C2H2 (g) specific heat water ethanol aluminum iron mercury copper gold ethyl ether petroleum xylene (J/g C) 4.184 2.46 0.900 0.444 0.139 0.385 0.129 2.21 2.13 1.71 ALCOHOLS CH3OH (l) C2H5OH (l) SUGARS C6H12O6 (s) C12H22O11 (s) 226.6 ALKENES C2H4 (g) C3H6 (g) 52.3 20.4 n-ALKANES CH4 (g) C2H6 (g) C3H8 (g) C4H10 (g) C5H12 (g) C6H14 (l) C7H16 (l) C8H18 (l) -74.85 -84.7 -103.9 -124.7 -173.5 -199.4 -222.5 -223.8 H Heats of formation (kJ/mol) H2O (l) -285.8 H2O (g) -241.8 CO2 (g) -393.5 seawater 3.93

-238.7 -276.98

-1274.5 -2221.7

ARMOMATICS Benzene C6H6 (l) Naphthalene C10H8 (s)

49.0 77.0

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES KINGSBOROUGH COMMUNITY COLLEGE OF THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK EXAM 2 CHEM 1100 SPRING 2013 P. LLOYD SECTION 01 (8014)

Answers 1. 98.6 mL 2. 2225 torr 3. 57.4 g/mol 4. 0.140 atm, 0.189 atm, 0.329 atm 5. 20.3 g/mol (Neon) 6. -25.9 kJ 7. 2.03 kJ 8. -242 kJ/g 9. -1220 kJ 10. -5496 kJ

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES KINGSBOROUGH COMMUNITY COLLEGE OF THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK EXAM 2 CHEM 1100 WINTER 2013 P. LLOYD

1. Solid potassium chlorate decomposes upon heating to solid potassium chloride and oxygen gas. A 8.750 g sample of potassium chlorate decomposed in a reaction and the resulting oxygen gas was collected using water displacement (vapor pressure of water is 21.5 torr) at 757 torr and at 25 C. What volume of oxygen gas was collected? 2. The gas pressure in a steel container can is 11.5 atm at 450 C. Assuming that the gas obeys the ideal-gas equation, what is the pressure when the can is cooled to 25 C? 3. A flask initially has a mass of 117.252 g. When the flask is filled with an unknown gas to a pressure of 0.967 atm at 25 C, its mass increases to 120.456 g. The volume of the flask is measured and found to be 450. mL. Assuming the ideal gas law equation applies, calculate the molar mass of the gas. 4. A mixture of 6.00 g of helium gas and 9.00 g of nitrogen gas is placed in a 15.0 L vessel at 0 C. What is the partial pressure of each gas and what is the total pressure of the mixture? 5. An unknown gas composed of a diatomic element effuses at a rate that is 0.324 times the rate of helium gas at the same temperature. Calculate the molar mass of the unknown and identify it. 6. How much heat in kilojoules is released when 5.25 g of ethane is burned (combusted) in oxygen gas. 7. How much heat in kilojoules is needed to warm 25.00 g of water from 2 C to 99 C (near its boiling point). 8. The decomposition of nitroglycerine (C3H5N3O9), an explosive, produces N2 (g), CO2 (g), H2O (g), and O2 (g): 4 C3H5N3O9 (l) 6 N2 (g) + 12 CO2 (g) + 10 H2O (l) + O2 (g) When 5.00 g of nitroglycerine is reacted in a bomb calorimeter, the temperature of the calorimeter increases from 22.00 C to 28.50 C. In a separate experiment, the heat capacity of the calorimeter is measured to be 8.505 kJ/C. Calculate the heat of reaction for the reaction of one mole of nitroglycerine. 9. Find the heat of reaction for NO2(g) + (7/2) H2(g) 2 H2O(l) + NH3(g) Using the following two equations: 2NH3(g) N2(g) + 3H2(g) (1/2) N2(g) + 2H2O(l) NO2(g) + 2H2(g) H = +92 kJ H = +170 kJ

10. Calculate the enthalpy change for the combustion of 1.0 mol of pentane (C 5H12).

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES KINGSBOROUGH COMMUNITY COLLEGE OF THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK EXAM 2 CHEM 1100 WINTER 2013 P. LLOYD
NA = 6.022 x 1023 1 amu = 1.661 x 10-24 g 1 J = 1 kgm2/s2 1 kg = 1000 g 1 kJ = 1000 J 1 L = 1000 mL 1 atm = 760 torr 1 torr = 1 mm Hg 1 atm = 14.7 psi 1 atm = 101.325 kPa TK = TC + 273 R = 0.0821 L atm/(molK) R = 8.31 J/(molK) P = F/A PV = nRT P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2 STP = 1 atm and 0 C Vstp = 22.41n M = dRT/P vrms = 3RT/M PTOT = PA + PB + PC + PA = XAPTOT XA = nA/ntot r2/r1 = M 1/ M 2 101.3 J = 1 Latm E = q + w H = E + PV = qp q = msT Hrxn = (np .Hf,p) (nr .Hf,r)

specific heats (J/g C) water 4.184 ethanol 2.46 aluminum 0.900 iron 0.444 mercury 0.139 copper 0.385 gold 0.129

H Heats of formation (kJ/mol) H2O (l) -285.8 H2O (g) -241.8 CO2 (g) -393.5 n-ALKANES CH4 (g) C2H6 (g) C3H8 (g) C4H10 (g) C5H12 (g) C6H14 (l) C7H16 (l) C8H18 (l) ALKENES C2H4 (g) C3H6 (g)

-74.85 -84.7 -103.9 -124.7 -173.5 -199.4 -222.5 -223.8

52.3 20.4

ANSWERS 1. 2.71 L 2. 4.74 atm 3. 180 g/mol 4. PHe = 2.24 atm PN2 = 0.479 atm PTot = 2.72 atm 5. M = 38 g/mol = F2 6. 272 kJ of heat is released 7. 101 kJ 8. 1.8 kJ/mol 9. -216 kJ/mol 10. -3509 kJ/mol

ALKYNES C2H2 (g) ALCOHOLS CH3OH (l) C2H5OH (l) SUGARS C6H12O6 (s) C12H22O11 (s)

226.6

-238.7 -276.98

-1274.5 -2221.7

ARMOMATICS Benzene C6H6 (l) 49.0 Naphthalene C10H8 (s) 77.0

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES KINGSBOROUGH COMMUNITY COLLEGE OF THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK EXAM 2 CHEM 1100 FALL 2012 P. LLOYD

1. Solid calcium carbonate decomposes upon heating to solid calcium oxide and carbon dioxide gas. A 5.25 g sample of calcium carbonate decomposed in a reaction and the resulting carbon dioxide gas was collected at 1.3 atm and 31 C. What volume of carbon dioxide gas was collected? 2. The gas pressure in an aerosol can is 1.5 atm at 25 C. Assuming that the gas obeys the ideal-gas equation, what is the pressure when the can is heated to 450 C? 3. A flask initially has a mass of 134.567 g. When the flask is filled with an unknown gas to a pressure of 0.967 atm at 31 C, its mass increases to 137.456 g. The volume of the flask is measured and found to be 936 mL. Assuming the ideal gas law equation applies, calculate the molar mass of the gas. 4. A mixture of 6.00 g of oxygen gas and 9.00 g of methane gas is placed in a 15.0 L vessel at 0 C. What is the partial pressure of each gas and what is the total pressure of the mixture? 5. An unknown gas composed of a diatomic element effuses at a rate that is 0.355 times the rate of oxygen gas at the same temperature. Calculate the molar mass of the unknown and identify it. 6. How much heat in kilojoules is released when 4.50 g of methane is burned (combusted) in oxygen gas. 7. How much heat in kilojoules is needed to warm 250 g of water (about 1 cup) from 22 C (about room temperature) to 98 C (near its boiling point). 8. The combustion of methylhydrazine (CH6N2), a liquid rocket fuel, produced N2 (g), CO2 (g) and H2O (l): 2 CH6N2 (l) + 5O2 (g) 2N2 (g) + 2CO2 (g) + 6H2O (l) When 4.00 g of methylhydrazine is combusted in a bomb calorimeter, the temperature of the calorimeter increases from 25.00 C to 39.50 C. In a separate experiment, the heat capacity of the calorimeter is measured to be 7.794 kJ/C. Calculate the heat of reaction for the combustion of one mole of CH 6N2. 9. Calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction: P4O6 (s) + 2O2 (g) P4O10 (s) Given the following enthalpies of reaction P4 (s) + 3O2 (g) P4O6 (s) H = -1640.1 kJ P4 (s) + 5O2 (g) P4O10 (s) H = -2940.1 kJ 10. Calculate the enthalpy change for the combustion of 1 mol of benzene (C 6H6 (l)).

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES KINGSBOROUGH COMMUNITY COLLEGE OF THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK EXAM 2 CHEM 1100 FALL 2012 P. LLOYD
NA = 6.022 x 1023 1 amu = 1.661 x 10-24 g 1 J = 1 kgm2/s2 1 kg = 1000 g 1 kJ = 1000 J 1 L = 1000 mL 1 atm = 760 torr 1 torr = 1 mm Hg 1 atm = 14.7 psi 1 atm = 101.325 kPa TK = TC + 273 R = 0.0821 L atm/(molK) R = 8.31 J/(molK) P = F/A PV = nRT P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2 STP = 1 atm and 0 C Vstp = 22.41n M = dRT/P vrms = 3RT/M PTOT = PA + PB + PC + PA = XAPTOT XA = nA/ntot r2/r1 = M 1/ M 2 101.3 J = 1 Latm E = q + w H = E + PV = qp q = msT Hrxn = (np .Hf,p) (nr .Hf,r) ANSWERS 1. 1.01 L 2. 3.6 atm 3. 79.7 g/mol 4. PO2 = 0.281 atm PCH4 = 0.838 atm PTot = 1.12 atm 5. M = 254 g/mol = I2 6. -249.6 kJ of heat is released 7. 79.5 kJ 8. -1300 kJ/mol 9. -1300 kJ/mol 10. 3267 kJ/mol

specific heats (J/g C) water 4.184 ethanol 2.46 aluminum 0.900 iron 0.444 mercury 0.139 copper 0.385 gold 0.129

H Heats of formation (kJ/mol) H2O (l) -285.8 H2O (g) -241.8 CO2 (g) -393.5 n-ALKANES CH4 (g) C2H6 (g) C3H8 (g) C4H10 (g) C5H12 (g) C6H14 (l) C7H16 (l) C8H18 (l) ALKENES C2H4 (g) C3H6 (g) ALKYNES C2H2 (g) ALCOHOLS CH3OH (l) C2H5OH (l) SUGARS C6H12O6 (s) C12H22O11 (s)

-74.85 -84.7 -103.9 -124.7 -173.5 -199.4 -222.5 -223.8

52.3 20.4

226.6

-238.7 -276.98

-1274.5 -2221.7

ARMOMATICS Benzene C6H6 (l) 49.0 Naphthalene C10H8 (s) 77.0

General Chemistry 1, Summer 2012, P. Lloyd, Exam 2, July 10, 2012. Section D50A. Department of Physical Sciences Kingsborough Community College Instructor: P. Lloyd

1. A sample of air occupies 540 mL when the pressure is 1.2 atm. What volume does the air occupy at 15 atm if the temperature is unchanged? 2. A gas at 772 mm Hg and 35.0 C occupies a volume of 6.85 L. Calculate its volume at STP. 3. A 2.10 L vessel contains 4.65 g of a gas at 0.970 atm and 21.0 C. Calculate the molar mass of the gas. 4. Nitrogen gas reacts with hydrogen gas to form gaseous ammonia (NH 3). If 10.00 g of hydrogen reacts with excess nitrogen, what volume of ammonia is produced at 50 C and 1.50 atm? 5. Calculate the root-mean-square velocity of sulfur trioxide gas at 200 C. 6. Find the heat of combustion for pentane (C 5H12) using the standard heat of formation table. 7. A 125.0 g sample of an unknown metal at 92 C is dropped into a 250 g sample of liquid water at 23.5 C. One the mixture equilibrates the temperature is 27.0 C. Calculate the specific heat capacity of the metal and identify which metal it is. 8. Nitrogen monoxide reacts with oxygen to form nitrogen dioxide. Write the balanced chemical equation for this reaction. The heat of reaction for this process is -56.55 kJ/mol. Calculate the heat produce in the reaction when 10.00 g of nitrogen monoxide is combined with 10.00 g of oxygen. 9. Calculate the heat of reaction for: H 2 (g) + Cl2 (g) 2HCl (g) Given the following: NH3 (g) + HCl (g) NH4Cl (s) H = -176 kJ N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) 2NH3 (g) H = -92 kJ N2 (g) + 4H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) 2NH4Cl (s) H = -629 kJ 10. A 466-g sample of water is heated from 18 C to 75 C. Calculate the amount of heat in kilojoules absorbed by the water.

General Chemistry 1, Summer 2012, P. Lloyd, Exam 2, July 10, 2012. Section D50A. Department of Physical Sciences Kingsborough Community College Instructor: P. Lloyd

NA = 6.022 x 1023 1 amu = 1.661 x 10-24 g 1 J = 1 kgm2/s2 1 kg = 1000 g 1 kJ = 1000 J 1 L = 1000 mL 1 atm = 760 torr 1 torr = 1 mm Hg 1 atm = 14.7 psi 1 atm = 101.325 kPa TK = TC + 273 R = 0.0821 L atm/(molK) R = 8.31 J/(molK) P = F/A PV = nRT P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2 STP = 1 atm and 0 C Vstp = 22.41n M = dRT/P vrms = 3RT/M PTOT = PA + PB + PC + PA = XAPTOT XA = nA/ntot r2/r1 = M 1/ M 2 101.3 J = 1 Latm E = q + w H = E + PV = qp q = msT Hrxn = (np Hf,p) (nr .Hf,r)
.

specific heats (J/g C) water 4.184 ethanol 2.46 aluminum 0.900 iron 0.444

General Chemistry 1, Summer 2012, P. Lloyd, Exam 2, July 10, 2012. Section D50A. Department of Physical Sciences Kingsborough Community College Instructor: P. Lloyd

mercury copper gold

0.139 0.385 0.129

H Heats of formation (kJ/mol) H2O (l) -285.8 H2O (g) -241.8 CO2 (g) -393.5 n-ALKANES CH4 (g) C2H6 (g) C3H8 (g) C4H10 (g) C5H12 (g) C6H14 (l) C7H16 (l) C8H18 (l) ALKENES C2H4 (g) C3H6 (g) ALKYNES C2H2 (g) ALCOHOLS CH3OH (l) C2H5OH (l) SUGARS C6H12O6 (s) C12H22O11 (s)

-74.85 -84.7 -103.9 -124.7 -173.5 -199.4 -222.5 -223.8

52.3 20.4

226.6

-238.7 -276.98

-1274.5 -2221.7

ANSWERS TO EXAM 2 1. 42.3 mL 2. 6.17 L 3. 55.1 g/mol 4. 58.3 L 5. 384 m/s 6. -3,508.8 kJ 7. 0.450 J/gC Iron 8. -18.8 kJ 9. -185 kJ

General Chemistry 1, Summer 2012, P. Lloyd, Exam 2, July 10, 2012. Section D50A. Department of Physical Sciences Kingsborough Community College Instructor: P. Lloyd

10. 111 kJ

GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1 EXAM 2 LLOYD FALL 2011 D02B (Each question is scored at 5 points) 1. Calculate the volume in liters of 5.00 g of chlorine gas (Cl 2) at STP. 2. Calculate the pressure in atm of 15.00 g of methane gas (CH 4) with a volume of 1.50 L when the temperature is -100 C. 3. Calculate the density in grams per liter of an unknown gas when 0.10 mol of the gas with a mass of 3.200 grams is placed in a container at 0.990 atm and 55 C. 4. A 5.0 L volume in liters of methane gas (CH 4) at 50C is cooled to -50C at constant pressure. Calculate what happens to the volume of the gas. 5. Calculate the volume in liters of carbon dioxide (CO 2) in liters at 25C and 2.0 atm produced when 16.00 g of ethyne (C 2H2) reacts with excess oxygen. 2C2H2 (g) + 5O2 (g) 4CO2 (g) + 2H2O (l) 6. A gas at -25C has a root-mean-square average velocity of about 380 m/s. Find the molar mass of the gas in grams per mole. 7. Calculate the heat produced in kilojoules when 50.00 g of propane (C3H8) reacts in excess oxygen. C3H8 (g) + 5O2 (g) 3CO2 (g) + 4H2O (l) H = -2221 kJ/mol 8. A 50.00 g piece of copper is cooled from 85.85 C to 15.55 C. Calculate the amount of heat in kilojoules lost by the copper. 9. A 25.00 g sample of gold initially at 98.50 C is placed into a 75.00 g pool of water at 21.50C. What is the temperature in degrees Celsius of the metal and water after they come to thermal equilibrium? 10. Find the heat of reaction in kilojoules for the reaction: C6H12O6 (s) + 6O2 (g) 6CO2 (g) + 6H2O (l) 11. Find the heat of reaction in kilojoules for the conversion of graphite, C(graphite), into diamond, C (diamond): C (graphite) C (diamond) given that: 1. C (graphite) + O2 (g) CO2 (g) H = -394 kJ/mol

GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1 EXAM 2 LLOYD FALL 2011 D02B 2. C (diamond) + O2 (g) CO2 (g) H = -396 kJ/mol

NA = 6.022 x 1023 1 amu = 1.661 x 10-24 g 1 kg = 1000 g 1 L = 1000 mL 1 atm = 760 torr 1 torr = 1 mm Hg 1 atm = 14.7 psi 1 atm = 101.325 kPa TK = TC + 273 R = 0.0821 L atm/(molK) R = 8.31 J/(molK) PV = nRT P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2 STP = 1 atm and 0 C Vstp = 22.41n MM = dRT/P urms = (3RT/MM)1/2 PTOT = PA + PB + PC + PA = XAPTOT XA = nA/ntot r2/r1 = (MM1/MM2)1/2 101.3 J = 1 Latm E = q + w H = E + PV = qp q = msT

Hrxn = (np Hf,p) (nr Hf,r) specific heats (J/g C) water 4.184 ethanol 2.46 aluminum 0.900 iron 0.444 mercury 0.139 copper 0.385 gold 0.129 H Heats of formation (kJ/mol) H2O (l) -285.8 H2O (g) -241.8 CO2 (g) -393.5 CH4 (g) -74.85 C2H2 (g) 226.6 C2H4 (g) 52.3 C2H6 (g) -84.7 C3H8 (g) -103.9 C4H10 (g) -124.7 C6H6 (l) 49.04 CH3OH (l) -238.7 C2H5OH (l) -276.98 C6H12O6 (s) -1274.5 C12H22O11 (s) -2221.7

ANSWERS

1. 1.58 L 2. 8.85 atm 3. 1.18 g/L 4. 3.45 L 5. 15.0 L 6. 44.01 g/mol 7. -2518 kJ 8. -1.35 kJ 9. 22.28C 10. -2801.3 kJ 11. +2 kJ

GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1 EXAM 2 LLOYD FALL 2011 D02B