AP/IB Physics CH3 Review Guide

Short Answer 1. A taxicab moves five blocks due north, five blocks due east, and another two blocks due north. Assume all blocks are of equal size. What is the magnitude of the taxi's displacement, start to finish?

2. The following force vectors act on an object: i) 50.0 newtons at 45.0 north of east and ii) 25.0 newtons at 30.0 south of east. Find the magnitude of the resultant and its angle relative to the easterly direction.

3. Arvin the Ant travels 30 cm eastward, then 25 cm northward, and finally 15 cm westward. What is Arvin's direction of displacement with respect to his original position?

4. A string attached to an airborne kite is maintained at an angle of 40 with the horizontal. If a total of 120 m of string is reeled in while bringing the kite back to the ground, what is the horizontal displacement of the kite in the process? (Assume the kite string doesn't sag.)

5. Jack pulls a sled across a level field by exerting a force of 110 N at an angle of 30 with the ground. What are the parallel and perpendicular components, respectively, of this force with respect to the ground?

6. Vector

is 3.0 units in length and points along the positive x-axis; vector

is 4.0 units in length and points and

along a direction 150 from the positive x-axis. What is the magnitude of the resultant when vectors are added?

7. I walk six miles in a straight line in a direction north of east, and I end up two miles east and several miles north. How many degrees north of east have I walked?

8. Five boys are pushing on a snowball, and each is pushing with a force of 10.0 N. However, each boy is pushing in a different direction. They are pushing north, northeast, east, southeast, and south. (Each boy is pushing at an angle of 45.0 relative to his neighbor.) What is the magnitude of the total force on the ball?

9. John throws a baseball from the outfield from shoulder height, at an initial velocity of 29.4 m/s at an initial angle of 30.0 with respect to the horizontal. The ball is in its trajectory for a total interval of 3.00 s before the third baseman catches it at an equal shoulder-height level. (Assume air resistance negligible.) What is the ball's horizontal displacement?

10. A baseball is thrown by the center fielder (from shoulder level) to home plate where it is caught (on the fly at shoulder level) by the catcher. At what point does the magnitude of the vertical component of velocity have its minimum value? (air resistance is negligible)

11. A helicopter is traveling at 40 m/s at a constant altitude of 100 m over a level field. If a wheel falls off the helicopter, with what speed will it hit the ground? (g = 9.8 m/s2 and air resistance negligible)

12. A stone is thrown at an angle of 30 above the horizontal from the top edge of a cliff with an initial speed of 12 m/s. A stop watch measures the stone's trajectory time from top of cliff to bottom to be 5.6 s. What is the height of the cliff? (g = 9.8 m/s2 and air resistance is negligible)

13. A stone is thrown with an initial speed of 15 m/s at an angle of 53 above the horizontal from the top of a 35 m building. If g = 9.8 m/s2 and air resistance is negligible, then what is the magnitude of the horizontal component of velocity as the rock strikes the ground?

14. A rifle is aimed horizontally toward the center of a target 100 m away. If the bullet strikes 10 cm below the center, what was the velocity of the bullet? (Ignore air friction.)

15. The highest mountain on Mars is Olympus Mons, rising 22 000 meters above the Martian surface. If we were to throw an object horizontally off the mountain top, how long would it take to reach the surface? (Ignore atmospheric drag forces and use gMars = 3.72 m/s2.)

16. A jet airliner moving at 500 mph due east moves into a region where the wind is blowing at 120 mph in a direction 30.0 north of east. What is the new velocity and direction of the aircraft?

17. A boat travels upstream and after one hour has gone 10 km. The boat next travels downstream and after one hour has gone 14 km. If the boat's speed relative to the water is constant, what is the speed of the current in the river?

18. A car is initially moving at 20 m/s east and a little while later it is moving at 10 m/s north. Which of the following best describes the orientation of the average acceleration during this time interval?

19. A hiker walks 200 m west and then walks 100 m north. In what direction is her resulting displacement?

20. An object moves at a constant velocity of 11 m/s to the southwest for an interval of 20 s. Halfway through this interval, what is the magnitude of its instantaneous velocity?

21. Find the resultant of the following two vectors: i) 50 units due east and ii) 100 units 30 north of west.

22. Arvin the Ant is on a picnic table. He travels 30 cm eastward, then 25 cm northward, and finally 15 cm westward. What is the magnitude of Arvin's net displacement?

23. Vector is 3.0 units in length and points along the positive x-axis; vector is 4.0 units in length and points along a direction 150 from the positive x-axis. What is the direction of the resultant with respect to the positive x-axis?

24. A jogger runs halfway around a circular path with a radius of 60 m. What, respectively, are the magnitude of the displacement and the distance jogged?

25. A runner circles a track of radius 100 m in 100 s moving at a constant rate. If the runner was initially moving north, what has been the runner's average acceleration when halfway around the track?

26. A baseball thrown from the outfield is released from shoulder height at an initial velocity of 29.4 m/s at an initial angle of 30.0 with respect to the horizontal. If it is in its trajectory for a total of 3.00 s before being caught by the third baseman at an equal shoulder-height level, what is the ball's net vertical displacement during its 3-s trajectory?

27. A baseball thrown from the outfield is released from shoulder height at an initial velocity of 29.4 m/s at an initial angle of 30.0 with respect to the horizontal. What is the maximum vertical displacement that the ball reaches during its trajectory?

28. A baseball is thrown by the center fielder (from shoulder level) to home plate where it is caught (on the fly at an equal shoulder level) by the catcher. At what point is the ball's speed at a minimum? (air resistance is negligible)

29. A baseball is thrown by the center fielder (from shoulder level) to home plate where it is caught (on the fly at shoulder level) by the catcher. At what point is the magnitude of the acceleration at a minimum? (air resistance is negligible)

30. A ball is rolled horizontally off a table with an initial speed of 0.24 m/s. A stopwatch measures the ball's trajectory time from table to the floor to be 0.30 s. What is the height of the table? ( g = 9.8 m/s2 and air resistance is negligible)

31. A ball is rolled horizontally off a table with an initial speed of 0.24 m/s. A stop watch measures the ball's trajectory time from table to the floor to be 0.30 s. How far away from the table does the ball land? ( g = 9.8 m/s2 and air resistance is negligible)

32. A stone is thrown at an angle of 30 above the horizontal from the top edge of a cliff with an initial speed of 12 m/s. A stop watch measures the stone's trajectory time from top of cliff to bottom to be 5.6 s. How far out from the cliff's edge does the stone travel horizontally? ( g = 9.8 m/s2 and air resistance is negligible)

33. A stone is thrown with an initial speed of 15 m/s at an angle of 53 above the horizontal from the top of a 35 m building. If g = 9.8 m/s2 and air resistance is negligible, then what is the magnitude of the vertical velocity component of the rock as it hits the ground?

34. A stone is thrown with an initial speed of 15 m/s at an angle of 53 above the horizontal from the top of a 35 m building. If g = 9.8 m/s2 and air resistance is negligible, then what is the speed of the rock as it hits the ground?

35. A stone is thrown with an initial speed of 15 m/s at an angle of 53 above the horizontal from the top of a 35 m building. If g = 9.8 m/s2 and air resistance is negligible, what is the magnitude of the horizontal displacement of the rock?

36. A bridge that was 5.0 m long has been washed out by the rain several days ago. How fast must a car be going to successfully jump the stream? Although the road is level on both sides of the bridge, the road on the far side is 2.0 m lower than the road on this side.

37. A quarterback takes the ball from the line of scrimmage, runs backward for 10 yards, then sideways parallel to the line of scrimmage for 15 yards. He then throws a 50-yard forward pass straight downfield perpendicular to the line of scrimmage. The receiver is tackled immediately. How far is the football displaced from its original position?

38. A track star in the broad jump goes into the jump at 12 m/s and launches himself at 20 above the horizontal. How long is he in the air before returning to Earth? (g = 9.8 m/s2)

39. Superguy is flying at treetop level near Paris when he sees the Eiffel Tower elevator start to fall (the cable snapped). His x-ray vision tells him Lois LaTour is inside. If Superguy is 1.00 km away from the tower, and the elevator falls from a height of 240 m, how long does Superguy have to save Lois, and what must be his average speed?

40. A ball is launched from ground level at 30 m/s at an angle of 35 above the horizontal. How far does it go before it is at ground level again?

41. A baseball leaves the bat with a speed of 44.0 m/s and an angle of 30.0 above the horizontal. A 5.0-m-high fence is located at a horizontal distance of 132 m from the point where the ball is struck. Assuming the ball leaves the bat 1.0 m above ground level, by how much does the ball clear the fence?

42. Wiley Coyote has missed the elusive road runner once again. This time, he leaves the edge of the cliff at 50.0 m/s horizontal velocity. If the canyon is 100 m deep, how far from his starting point at the edge of the cliff does the coyote land?

43. A fireman, 50.0 m away from a burning building, directs a stream of water from a fire hose at an angle of 30.0 above the horizontal. If the initial speed of the stream is 40.0 m/s, at what height will the stream of water strike the building?

44. A boat moves at 10.0 m/s relative to the water. If the boat is in a river where the current is 2.00 m/s, how long does it take the boat to make a complete round trip of 1 000 m upstream followed by a 1 000-m trip downstream?

45. A river flows due east at 3.0 m/s. A boat crosses the 300-m-wide river by maintaining a constant velocity of 10 m/s due north relative to the water. If no correction is made for the current, how far downstream does the boat move by the time it reaches the far shore?

46. A boat moves through the water in a river at a speed of 8 m/s relative to the water. The boat makes a trip downstream and then makes a return trip upstream to the original starting place. Which trip takes longer?

47. Plane A is flying at 400 mph in the northeast direction relative to the earth. Plane B is flying at 500 mph in the north direction relative to the earth. What is the speed of Plane B as observed from Plane A?

48. Plane A is flying at 400 mph in the northeast direction relative to the earth. Plane B is flying at 500 mph in the north direction relative to the earth. What is the direction of motion of Plane B as observed from Plane A?

49. A plane is moving due north, directly towards its destination. Its airspeed is 200 mph. A constant breeze is blowing from west to east at 40 mph. How long will it take for the plane to travel 200 miles north?

50. A plane is moving due north, directly towards its destination. Its airspeed is 200 mph. A constant breeze is blowing from west to east at 20 mph. In which direction is the plane pointed?

51. A plane is moving due north, directly towards its destination. Its airspeed is 200 mph. A constant breeze is blowing from west to east at 30 mph. At what rate is the plane moving north?

AP/IB Physics CH3 Review Guide Answer Section

SHORT ANSWER 1. 8.6 blocks 2. 61.4 newtons 21.8 3. 59 N of E 4. 92 m 5. 95 N, 55 N 6. 2.1 7. 71 8. 24.1 N 9. 76.4 m 10. at the top of the trajectory 11. 60 m/s 12. 120 m 13. 9.0 m/s 14. 700 m/s 15. 1.8 minutes 16. 607 mph, 5.67 N of E 17. 2 km/h 18. north of west 19. None of the answers is correct. 20. 11 m/s 21. 62 units 54 north of west 22. 29 cm

23. 103 24. 120 m, 188 m 25. 0.25 m/s2, south 26. zero 27. 11.0 m 28. at the top of the trajectory 29. acceleration is constant during entire trajectory 30. 0.44 m 31. 0.072 m 32. 58 m 33. 29 m/s 34. 30 m/s 35. 38 m 36. 7.8 m/s 37. 43 yards 38. 0.84 s 39. 7.00 s, 143 m/s 40. 86 m 41. 13.4 m 42. 226 m 43. 18.7 m 44. 208 s 45. 90 m 46. the upstream trip

47. 357 mph 48. 37.5o N of W 49. more than one hour 50. 5.7o W of N 51. 198 mph