Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Farmer View of Site-Specific Future Manure Regulations What is Nutrient Management? Common Sense.
0* Combine on-farm nutrient sources, with commercial fertilizer, to meet crop need.
5*
Bacteria/Pathogens
6*
BOD
Nitrogen
7* Groundwater Concerns
8* EPA Standard: 10 ppm 9* Blue Baby Syndrome
10* Hypoxia
Hypoxia Phosphorus
11* Surface Water Concern
Phosphorus
13* Movement
14* Soil attached is most common route
15* 16* 1 lb P = 500 lb algae One ton soil eroded = 1 ton algae in water
17*
18*
Potassium
19* Dairy Animal Health Concern
20*
Bacteria
21* E. Coli
22* Up to 6 month + viable in soil
23*
24*
Antibiotics
25* Animals DO NOT break them down.
26* 27* Excreted intact with the urine Low level resistance concerns
Manure Basics
28* What is Manure?
29* Urine, feces
30*
Waste feed
31*
Parlor water
32*
Manure Basics
33* How Much Manure Does a cow produce in a day? A week? A Month? A Year?
39*
Rule of Thumb #1
40* One cow plus replacement plus wastewater = 10,000 gal/year
What is in manure?
41* Nutrients
42* 43*
44*
50* Runoff was 10x higher when manure rates were the same.
51* Ebeling et al, 2001
Dairy manure is a 1:1:2 ratio (available) Meet the crops N need = excess P Meet the crops P need = buy N fert
8 / 10
21
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Corn
60 90 35 65 125
(40 bu/a)
(5 ton/a)
Reed canarygrass
(5 ton/a)
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - lb/acre - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
65 75 80
45 55 60
25 25 30
0 0 0
65* The amount of fertilizer needed to change the soil test level by 1 ppm 66* 18 lbs P2O5/acre = 1 ppm change in soil P
77* Track drawdown of P over a CCOHHH rotation. 78* Removal of P2O5 over rotation = 330 lbs P2O5
Regulations
83* 1972 Clean Water Act
Regulatory Future
86* Each Providence, State, County, Township may be different.
87*
88* 89* 90*
Future
Lower AU (animal unit) threshold for permit More phosphorus emphasis Future emphasis on bacterial / antibiotics / odor concerns
91*
Economics
(Nitrogen @ $0.20/lb)
Economics
(P2O5 @ $0.25/lb; K2O @ $0.13/lb)
Manure K2O =
$ 2,288
$ 3,938
Public Relations
94* Manure Handling and Application
95* 96* 97* 98* 99* 100* Odor control Real or perceived excessive rates Road spillage Traffic hazards & delays Spreading near water Cattle in water
103* Realization by farmers that manure management requires a cash investment. 104* Manures Internet IPO: Lots of ideas now, lots of broken ideas coming in a few years. Easiest to use / most farm-profitable techniques will remain.
109* Between 1992 and 2001, UWGB was the lead institution for mass balance research.
kevin.erb@ces.uwex.edu