Search History * #7 children (9250 records) Searches and records below from: * #6 children (1211 records) Searches and

records below from: * #5 children (64 records) Searches and records below from: * #4 children (1179 records) Searches and records below from: * #3 children (281 records) Searches and records below from: * #2 children (2464 records) Searches and records below from: * #1 children (14937 records)

OSH-ROM: HSELINE complete to 2001/01 OSH-ROM: MHIDAS complete to 2001/01 OSH-ROM: RILOSH complete to 2001/01 OSH-ROM: CISDOC complete to 2001/01 OSH-ROM: NIOSHTIC closed at 1998/09 OSH-ROM: MEDLINE OEM DB 1966-2000/12

Record 1 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Sun-protection behaviors used by adults for their children - United States, 1997 CA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333 (USA) SO: CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION, ATLANTA, GA 30333 (USA) [np] CE NTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION ATLANTA, GA 30333 (USA) NT: Online access: http://www.cdc.gov/. LA: English PT: Report DE: Skin-; Cancer-; Ultraviolet-radiation; Children-; USAAB: In the United States, the high incidence of skin cancer -including basal ce ll carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma - has been attributed primar ily to sun exposure (1,2). To reduce exposures to the sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays, the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD), the American Cancer Societ y, and other organizations have recommended sun-protection practices such as wea ring protective clothing, avoiding sun exposure during the midday hours (when th e sun's rays are the strongest), and using sunscreen (3,4). Such practices are e specially important for infants and children because sun exposure during the ear ly years of life appears to increase the risk for melanoma, the most serious for m of skin cancer (1). To characterize sun-protection practices among children, A AD conducted a survey of parents with children aged less than or equal to 12 yea rs during June-July 1997. This report summarizes the results of the survey, whic h indicate that three fourths of adults had their children use one or more measu res to reduce exposure to UV rays. AI: Yes DB: CSA SF: HESA AN: 4340613 Record 2 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Recommended international code of hygienic practice for food for infants an d children. CA: Food & Agriculture Organization, FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission; Wor ld Health Organization, FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission. SO: FAO/WHO-Food-Standards-Programme, CAC/RCP 21-1979, 13pp. 1979. PY: 1979 LA: English DE: HYGIENE-; infant-foods,-hygiene-code-for,-FAO HYGIENE-; childrens-foods,-hygiene-code-for,-FAO INFANT-FOODS; infant-foods,-hygiene-code-for,-FAO INFANT-FOODS; childrens-foods,-hygiene-code-for,-FAO FOOD-&-AGRICULTURE-ORGANIZATION; infant-foods,-hygiene-code-for

FOOD-&-AGRICULTURE-ORGANIZATION; childrens-foods,-hygiene-code-for AB: The recommended international code of hygienic practice for foods for infan ts and children (up to 3 yr) includes sections on hygiene requirements in produc tion/harvesting areas, establishment (design and facilities; hygiene requirement s), personnel hygiene and health requirements, hygienic processing requirements, and end product specifications. AI: Yes DB: FSTA AN: 83-10-c0368 Record 3 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Effects of foods and drugs on the development and function of the nervous s ystem: methods for predicting toxicity. AU: Gryder-RM; Frankos-VH CA: United States of America, Food & Drug Administration. SO: iv + 274pp. 1980. Rockville, Maryland, USA; US Department of Human & Health Services, FDA NT: many ref. PY: 1980 LA: English PT: Conference-proceedings DE: TOXICITY-; food-additives,-neurotoxicity-of,-Proceedings TOXICITY-; drinking-water,-contaminants-neurotoxicity-in,-Proceedings ADDITIVES-; food-additives,-neurotoxicity-of,-Proceedings CONTAMINATION-; drinking-water,-contaminants-neurotoxicity-in,-Proceedings DRINKING-WATER; contaminants-neurotoxicity-in-drinking-water,-Proceedings CONFERENCE-PROCEEDINGS; food-additives,-neurotoxicity-of CONFERENCE-PROCEEDINGS; drinking-water,-contaminants-neurotoxicity-in AB: This publication gives the full text or an abstract of papers presented at this symposium, held in Arlington, Virginia, USA on 10-12 Oct. 1979, including t he following. A survey of early tests for the developmental psychotoxicity of fo od additives and related compounds, by R. E. Butcher, C. V. Vorhees, V. Wooten, R. L. Brunner & T. J. Sobotka (pp. 62-69, 23 ref.). A strategy for behavioural a ssessment of neurotoxicity of drinking water contaminants, by M. J. Kallman & R. L. Bolster (p. 174, abstr. only). Effect of food dyes on neurotransmitter accum ulation in rat brain homogenate and on the behaviour of hyperactive children, by J. M. Swanson & W. J. Logan (pp. 183-184, 5 ref.). Food colours, by H. Levitan (pp. 185-191, 24 ref.). Current issues in neurotoxicity and the developing nervo us system: amino acids, by J. H. Growdon (pp. 192-200, 15 ref.). Dietary control of behaviour, by B. F. Feingold (pp. 224-233, 20 ref.). AI: Yes DB: FSTA AN: 83-07-t0363 Record 4 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Effects of lead in the environment - 1978. Quantitative aspects. AU: Jaworski-JF SO: National-Research-Council-Canada; NRCC No 16736; 1979; 779 p 1979 PY: 1979 LA: English DE: ANIMAL-; HUMAN-; carcinogenicity-; Carcinogens-; dose-response; epidemiolog ical-study; Metabolism-; Nervous-system; occupational-exposure; reproductive-eff ect; Teratogens-; Respiratory-system; acute-effect; reproductive-and-development al-tests; Terrestrial-toxicity; ENVIRONMENT-; TERRESTRIAL-TOXICITY; plant-; micr oorganisms-; AQUATIC-TOXICITY; fish-; invertebrate-; plant-; algae-; microorgani sms-; ENVIRONMENTAL-CONCENTRATIONS; air-; water-; soil/sediment-; biota-; BIOACC UMULATION-; aquatic-; terrestrial-; MOBILITY-; air-; soil/sedimentAB: Pb in soil end terrestrail vegetation. Pb in aquatic ecosystems. Respirator

y Pb exposure. Dietary Pb exposure. Percutaneous Pb absorption. Dynamics of Pb m etabolism Pb distribution in the body. Pb exposure and metabolism in children. P b biochemistry. Effects of Pb on the mammalien body, respiratory tract, gastroin testional system, blood- and bloodformning organs, RBC development, and survival , the brain and nervous system, on learning and behaviour. Organo - Pb compounds and the nervous system. Effect of Pb on the liver, the immune respons system, t he cardiovasenlar system, the kidney. Pb and cancer. Effects of Pb on reproducti on, on bone, on eyesight, on hormones and biological ammies. Effect of interacti ng factors on Pb toxicity. Occupational exposure. Emissions. (Shortened). AI: Yes DB: TOX SF: RISKLINE AN: RISKLINE-88050036 Record 5 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Health and poverty AU: Holosko-MJ (ed.); Feit-MD (ed.) SO: HAWORTH PRESS, INC. BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 (USA) 252 pp. HAWORTH PRESS, INC. BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 (USA) LA: English PT: Book-Monograph IB: 0789001497 DE: USA-; Government-policies; health-care; Socioeconomics-; homelessness-; cul ture-; Children-; Ethnic-groups; quality-control AB: Unequal social and health care policies in the United States continue to ke ep the poor disempowered in situations that not only limit their access to healt h care services, but also the quality of care they receive. An overview of healt h policies in the U.S., Health and Poverty examines where gaps in social and hea lth care policies exist at the federal, state, and municipal levels, the impact of economic recessions on health care, and how our health policies are inextrica bly linked with political agendas, economic priorities, and social and cultural values. AI: Yes DB: CSA SF: HESA AN: 4332108 Record 6 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Food Additives and Contaminants Committee review of remaining classes of fo od additives used as ingredients in food. Report on the review of bulking aids. AF: London, UK; H. M. Stationery Office CA: United Kingdom, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries & Food. SO: Report,-Food-Additives-and-Contaminants-Committee,-Ministry-of-Agriculture, -Fisheries-and-Food, FAC/REP/32, 13pp. 1980. NT: 5 ref. PY: 1980 LA: English DE: THICKENERS-; foods,-Alpha-cellulose-bulking-agents-toxicity-in,-Report THICKENERS-; foods,-polydextrose-bulking-agents-toxicity-in,-Report THICKENERS-; foods,-psyllium-mucilloid-bulking-agents-toxicity-in,-Report INFANT-FOODS; infant-foods,-bulking-agents-toxicity-in,-Report TOXICITY-; foods,-Alpha-cellulose-bulking-agents-toxicity-in,-Report TOXICITY-; foods,-polydextrose-bulking-agents-toxicity-in,-Report TOXICITY-; foods,-psyllium-mucilloid-bulking-agents-toxicity-in,-Report BREAD-; bulking-agents-toxicity-in-bread,-Report AB: This report evaluates the safety-in-use of the following food additives use d as bulking aids: Alpha-cellulose, polydextrose, psyllium mucilloid, and recomm ends as follows: Alpha-cellulose and polydextrose complying with appended purity

specifications and general purity criteria should be permitted subject to revie w within 5 yr, but should not be permitted in foods described as being specially prepared for infants and young children. The use of psyllium mucilloid should n ot be permitted. Pending the outcome of a review of emulsifiers and stabilizers in food, Alpha-cellulose should not be permitted in bread. AI: Yes DB: FSTA AN: 82-09-t0490 Record 7 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Waste management in Czech Republic AU: Kumar-S; Yadav-S AF: Techn. Univ. Brno, Czech Rep. CF: 13. International Conference on Solid Waste Technology and Management, Phil adelphia, PA (USA) d SO: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 13. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOLID WASTE TECHNOLOGY A ND MANAGEMENT. VOLUME 1. WIDENER UNIVERSITY, [vp] WIDENER UNIVERSITY LA: English PT: Book-Monograph DE: Waste-management; Government-regulations; Czech-Rep.; Public-opinion; Envir onment-management AB: The waste management industry has traditionally been very diverse with muni cipal authorities having played an important role. But, after the Velvet Revolut ion the situation has changed very much in positive way. Before the revolution, there was an overall lack of government regulation in the waste management area. Now, eight years after the revolution in the Czech Republic, the situation in w aste management area is not good. Although the government of Czech Republic has passed several laws and regulations, still there is a long way to go. For exampl e, the Czech Environment Regulation Act does not know the word "Recycling", and there are many issues, which are not discussed in this law. Czech Republic's env ironmental pollution is recognised to be very serious. A public opinion poll sho wed that 83% of the participants stated that environment was a top priority. 70% of the rivers are considered to be polluted, 50% of the drinking water is below national standards and 30% of the children have allergies. AI: Yes DB: CSA SF: POLL AN: 4265492 Record 8 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: [Contents of lead, mercury and cadmium in the daily diets of children in nu rsery schools.] AU: Koktysz-N; Bulinski-R AF: Zaklad Bromatologii Inst. Anal. i Tech. Farmaceutycznej Akad. Med., Lublin, Poland SO: Bromatologia-i-Chemia-Toksykologiczna, 13 (2) 215-216, 1980. NT: 4 ref. PY: 1980 LA: Polish DE: DIET-; childrens-diet,-heavy-metals-in-nursery-schools,-Title LEAD-; childrens-diet,-Pb-in-nursery-schools,-Title MERCURY-; childrens-diet,-Hg-in-nursery-schools,-Title CADMIUM-; childrens-diet,-Cd-in-nursery-schools,-Title AI: No DB: FSTA AN: 82-09-c0403 Record 9 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981

TI: The health aspects of food and nutrition. CA: World Health Organization, Regional Office for the West Pacific. SO: 380pp. 1979. Manila, Philippines Price FS16.00 NT: many ref. PY: 1979 LA: English PT: Book DE: NUTRITION-; foods,-nutrition-aspects-of-West-Pacific,-Book BOOKS-; foods,-nutrition-aspects-of-West-Pacific AB: This manual includes chapters on the principal foods used in the West Pacif ic region, food consumption surveys, food fortification, food surveillance, food composition tables for the region, and recipes suitable for young children, usi ng local ingredients. AI: Yes DB: FSTA AN: 82-09-c0384 Record 10 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Lead AU: WHO-Working-Group SO: Environmental-Health-Criteria; 3; 1977; 1-160 1977 PY: 1977 LA: English DE: HUMAN-; ANIMAL-; carcinogenicity-; Carcinogens-; Mutagens-; Metabolism-; ge netic-toxicity; occupational-exposure; acute-effect; dose-response; reproductive -effect; epidemiological-study; dose-effect; ENVIRONMENT-; ENVIRONMENTAL-CONCENT RATIONS; air-; water-; soil/sediment-; biota-; MOBILITY-; airRN: 7439-92-1 AB: Sources and pathways of exposure: The major sources of lead in the environm ent that are of significance for the health of man, arise from the industrial an d other technological uses of lead. The major dispersive non-recoverable use of lead is in the manufacture and application of alkyllead fuel additives. Because of current legislative actions with respect to the maximum permissible concentra tion of lead in gasoline, the consumption of lead for the production of alkyllea d additives decreased from 1973 to 1975 and a further decline for the latter hal f of the 1970s may occur as more cars equipped with catalysts which require lead -free gasoline will come into use. From a mass balance point of view, the transp ort and distribution of lead from stationary or mobile sources is mainly via air . Although large amounts are probably also discharged into soil and water, lead tends to localize near the points of such discharge. Lead that is discharged int o the air over areas of high traffic density falls out mainly within the immedia te metropolitan zone. The fraction that remains airborne (about 20% based on ver y limited data) is widely dispersed. Residence time for these small particles is of the order of days and is influenced by rainfall. In spite of widespread disp ersion, with consequent dilution, there is evidence of lead accumulation at poin ts extremely remote from human activity, e.g. in glacial strata in Greenland. Th e biota acquires lead both by surface deposition and by secondary transfer from soil to plants and from plants to animals. However. the impact of man-made lead pollution on the lead content of plants and animals is not perceptible except in localized areas of intense air pollution. e.g. around smelters and in the immed iate vicinity of roads with heavy traffic. The concentration of lead in air vari es from 2-4 ug/m3 in large cities with dense automobile traffic to less than 0.2 ug/m3 in most suburban areas and still less in rural areas. The global mean lea d content in lakes and rivers is 1-10 ug/l. The concentration of lead in drinkin g water is generally less than 10 ug/litre, but in some areas where the water is soft (low in calcium and magnesium) and where, at the same time, lead pipes and lead-lined water storage tanks are used, the concentration may reach 2000-3000 ug/litre. At this concentration (and even at concentrations of several hundred u

g/litre) a perceptible rise in the body burden of lead occurs, which is reflecte d in elevated values of lead in the blood (Pb-B). The contribution of food to ma n's exposure to lead is highly variable. Some recent studies in the USA have est imated the daily oral intake in food and beverages to be about 100 ug whereas ea rlier studies and some recent European studies indicated the intake to be in the range of 200 500,ug/day. However, a recent Swedish study reported volumes of th e order of 20 ug/day. No specific category of food has been identified as being especially high in lead content other than wine and foods that are stored in lea d-soldered cans or lead-glazed pottery. Processed milk contains considerably mor e lead than fresh cow's milk which has a similar concentration to human milk. Th e reported lead concentrations range from less than 5 ,ug/litre to 12 ,ug/litre. If this information is correct, milk could be a significant source of lead for infants. Various miscellaneous sources of lead have been identified as being hig hly hazardous. These include lead-glazed ceramics used for beverage storage, ill icitly-distilled whisky, and discarded automobile battery casings when used for fuel. In certain countries, gross overexposure of some infants and young childre n has been recorded. The major sources are lead-based paint in old houses and in the soil surrounding these homes, and the soil surrounding lead smelters. Lead in street dust due to atmospheric fallout, and miscellaneous lead-containing obj ects chewed or eaten by children are other possible sources of exposure, but the ir relative importance is not clear. The highest exposure occurs in workers who come into contact with lead during mining, smelting, and various manufacturing p rocesses where lead is used. The major pathway of exposure is inhalation. The co ncentration of air lead in the working environment of smelters and storage batte ry factories often exceeds 1000 ug/m3. For other industries, data are either not available or indicate a lower level of exposure. Extensive surveys have been ma de on blood concentrations in both adults and young children. Such data are usef ul indicators of overall exposure to lead. Experimental studies on the effects o f lead: The extensive animal studies that have been conducted concerning the bio logical effects of lead indicate that, with rare exceptions, the toxic phenomena that have been observed in man have also been successfully reproduced in animal s. Although animal studies have provided a more profound understanding of the ef fects of lead than could be learned from studies of man himself, they have not b een of much use in the elucidation of dose effect and dose-response relationship s in man. Major differences that have been noted are as follows: (1) benign and malignant tumour induction has occurred in rats and mice exposed to lead acetate and in rats exposed to lead subacetate and lead phosphate but carcinogenic effe cts have not been seen in man; (2) clear-cut reductions in fertility have been o bserved in experimental animals but not in man, although data have been reported which suggest that this might be so; (3) hyperactivity and other behavioural di sturbances have been observed in rats, mice, and sheep without prior encephalopa thy. This is especially important because of current suspicions that widespread, slight brain damage occurs in young children with relatively low exposure not p receded by encephalopathy. Evidence also exists for compensatory increases in AL AD in animals with continuing exposure to lead whereas all human studies to date have been negative in this respect. Clinical and epidemiological studies on the effects of lead; Evaluation of health risk to man from exposure to lead: Studie s of the effects of lead on man may be divided into two general types. The first type is the retrospective study of the causes of mortality in lead-exposed popu lations in contrast with those in matched control groups. Several studies showed that at high exposure levels (Pb-B > 80 ug/ 100 ml), a slightly higher number o f deaths occurred due to cerebrovascular disease and chronic nephritis. In one s tudy, where the mortality rate due to cancer was observed, no statistically sign ificant differences were found between the industrially exposed workers and the control group. The second type of study concerns morbidity rates due to the effe cts of lead on specific organs and systems. In some cases, it has been possible to estimate the level of the exchangeable body burden (expressed as Pb-B) at whi ch a given intensity of effect (dose-response relationship) has been observed in certain sections of a selected group. For other effects it has only been possib le to specify the Pb-B level at which no effect was observed in reasonably large

groups of people (no-detected-effect level). The haematopoietic system shows ef fects at lower Pb-B levels than any other system. The effects are, in order of s ensitivity: inhibition of erythrocyte ALAD, elevation of erythrocyte protoporphy rin IX (FEP), rise in urinary k-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and coproporphyrin (CP ) excretion. inhibition of erythrocyte sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase (EC 3.6.1.3) (Na-K-ATP'ase), and fall in haemoglobin level. A fall in haemoglob in level is clearly an indication of adverse effects. The no-detected-effect lev el for this effect is a Pb-B concentration equivalent to 50 ug/100 ml in adults and 40 ,ug/100 ml in children. The effects of inorganic lead on the central nerv ous system have been under intensive investigation in recent years, particularly with regard to subtle effects on behaviour, mainly in children, but also to som e extent in adults. Substantial doubts remain as to the validity of some of the studies because the relationship AI: Yes DB: TOX SF: RISKLINE AN: RISKLINE-85020018 Record 11 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Nitrates, nitrites and N-nitroso compounds AU: WHO-Working-Group SO: Environmental-Health-Criteria; 5; 1977; 1-107 1977 PY: 1977 LA: English DE: ENVIRONMENT-; ENVIRONMENTAL-CONCENTRATIONS; air-; water-; MOBILITYAB: Source and occurrence in the environment: Nitrates and nitrites: Nitrates a re present naturally in soils, waters, all plant materials, and in meats. They a re also found in small concentrations (1-40 ug/m3) in air as a result of air pol lution. Levels in cultivated soils and thus, levels in water, (which normally do not exceed 10 mg/litre) may be increased by the use of commercial nitrogenous f ertilizers and by the return of wastes, derived from animal husbandry or other s ources, to the soil. Nitrate contents of crops are influenced by the plant speci es, by genetic and environmental factors, and by agricultural management practic es. In certain crops the levels may be very high (1000 mg/kg or more). Nitrites are formed in nature by the action of nitrifying bacteria as an intermediate sta ge in the formation of nitrates, but concentrations in plants and water are usua lly very low. However, microbiological conversion of nitrate to nitrite may occu r during the storage of fresh vegetables, particularly at room temperature, when nitrite concentrations may rise to exceptionally high levels (about 3600 mg/kg dry weight). Both nitrates and nitrites are widely used in the production and pr eservation of cured meat products and of some fish. Such uses, which are control led by law in many countries, are considered vital for the prevention of botulis m caused by the growth of the toxin-producing strains of Clostridium botulinum t hat are sometimes present in raw meat and that may persist in cooked meats. The weekly intake of nitrates by a member of the general population in England or in the USA has been roughly estimated to average about 400-500 mg but these figure s cannot be applied generally because of variations in feeding habits and in the nitrate concentrations in food and water. N-nitroso compounds: Low concentratio ns of N-nitroso compounds have been detected in air, water, and food, notably in nitrite-treated meat products and certain fish products. In most cases, the con centrations found in food have been in the ug/kg range. No effective estimate of general population exposure to N-nitroso compounds can be made on the basis of these limited data. N-methyl-N-nitrosomethanamine (N-nitrosodimethylamine, DMN) has been detected in urban air samples and the presence of N-nitroso compounds, tentatively identified as N-nitroso derivatives of some pesticides, has been rep orted in samples from water treatment plants and river water in the USA. The in vivo formation of N-nitroso compounds from nitrates or nitrites and amines or am ides has been demonstrated in experimental animals and in one case in man. Exper imental studies in animals: Nitrates and nitrites: The major effect of nitrates

and nitrites is the induction of methaemoglobinaemia, mostly readily observed in very young animals. Most experimental work has been connected with this problem although embryotoxic effects resulting in prenatal mortality, resorptions, and decreased birthweights have been noted in rat pups whose mothers received drinki ng water containing sodium nitrite. In adult rats given drinking water containin g nitrite for 24 months, methaemoglobin levels were elevated but not to the poin t of producing overt toxic effects. Animal species studied appeared to be fairly resistant to the induction of methaemoglobinaemia by nitrites, since high doses were required to induce even minimal changes. However, very young animals have not been studied extensively or sufficiently. Nitrates and nitrites do not appea r to be carcinogenic but nitrite mutagenicity has been demonstrated in several n on-mammalian test systems. N-nitroso compounds: In experimental animals, the mos t important biological actions of N-nitroso compounds are their carcinogenicity and teratogenicity. The carcinogenic action of N-nitroso compounds in animals is known to occur in many different organs. In general, the routes of administrati on do not influence the localization of the tumours. However, both dose level an d dose rate may affect the organ involved and the type of tumour produced. Speci fic structural changes in both dialkyl nitrosamines and cyclic nitrosamines affe ct their carcinogenicity. N-nitroso compounds have been shown to be transplacent ally carcinogenic, when given to animals in the second part of gestation, irresp ective of the route of administration. Carcinogenicity following the combined ad ministration of amines or amides and nitrites to animals has also been reported indicating the in vivo formation of N-nitroso compounds. The mutagenic action of nitrosamides, noted in test systems, differs from that of nitrosamines in that the first group of compounds has been found to be mutagenic in almost all test s ystems, whereas nitrosamines seem only to be active in systems where metabolic a ctivation occurs. Nitrosamines are known to have toxic and sometimes lethal effe cts on animal embryos, whereas nitrosamides cause malformations in several organ s and systems. Evaluation of health risks: Nitrates and nitrites: Epidemiologica l and clinical studies on man have shown that the main toxic manifestation resul ting from the ingestion of nitrates and nitrites is methaemoglobinaemia. This ha s been confirmed by experimental animal studies. On the basis of available data, the Task Group concluded that the prevailing concentrations of nitrates and nit rites in food and water did not constitute a health risk for adult members of th e general population and older children, but that the risk may be higher for inf ants under 6 months of age and particularly under 3 months. For this reason, the Group recommended that infant dried milk preparations should be reconstituted w ith low-nitrate water (at least below 45 mg/litre) and that low-nitrate vegetabl es should be used in baby foods. Also, the use of nitrates and nitrites as food additives should be reduced to the minimum, and avoided in fresh meat and fish. Nitrate levels in public water supplies should comply with the tentative limit o f 45 mg/litre recommended by the 1971 International Standards for Drinking Water . N-nitroso compounds: Although the precursors of N-nitroso compounds (nitrites, amines, and amides) are known to be widely distributed in various environmental media, information concerning N-nitroso compounds is limited. However, they are known to be present in certain foods and experimental animal studies have shown that they are formed in the body from a variety of precursors. This may also oc cur in man. N-nitroso compounds are carcinogenic in a wide range of animal speci es, most are mutagenic in test systems, and some have been shown to be teratogen ic in animals. Although there is no epidemiological or clinical evidence at pres ent, it is highly probable that these compounds may also be carcinogenic in man. A quantitative estimation of the carcinogenic risk to man associated with diffe rent levels of exposure is not possible, at this time, because of inadequate dat a. For these reasons, exposure to N-nitrosa compounds and their precursors, (nit rites, amines, and amides) should be kept as low as practically achievable. AI: Yes DB: TOX SF: RISKLINE AN: RISKLINE-85020012

Record 12 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Safety of stable isotope use AU: Koletzko-B; Sauerwald-T; Demmelmair-H AF: Kinderpoliklin., Ludwig-Maximilians-Univ. Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 8a, D-803 36 Muenchen, Germany SO: EUR.-RESPIR.-J. vol. 156, pp. S12-S17. LA: English PT: Journal-Article IS: 0903-1936 DE: Side-effects; Children-; Medical-treatment; Radioisotopes-; Dose-response-e ffects AB: The increased employment of stable isotope tracers for diagnostic and resea rch purposes frequently raises questions on potential risks associated with thei r use, which is of particular importance in the paediatric age group. Biological effects and the potential of adverse events has been evaluated in the large num ber of animal and, in part, also human studies. Possible differences in physical , chemical and biochemical behaviour resulting in kinetic and thermodynamic isot ope effects between stable isotopes of the same element are related to the relat ive differences in atomic weight. Deuterium ( super(2)H), which differs markedly in mass form the predominant hydrogen isotope super(1)H, may induce serious sid e-effects at high concentrations in body fluids. The threshold dose for the occu rrence of side-effects lies well above the usual tracer dosages for clinical use . In contrast to deuterium, heavier stable isotopes such as super(13)C, super(15 )N or super(18)O that differ relatively little in mass from the predominant isot opes such as super(12)C, does not show any adverse biological effects even at hi ghest enrichments. The doses of stable isotope tracer substances that are used f or clinical diagnostic and research purposes appear safe without any adverse eff ects. Stable isotope tracers should only be used in children if the tracee is sa fe at the doses applied, and tracer is chemically pure and stable. In the case o f intravenous application, the tracer preparation must also be sterile and pyrog en free. AI: Yes DB: CSA SF: HESA AN: 4280590 Record 13 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Vinyl chloride, polyvinyl chloride and vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolym ers AU: Anonymous SO: IARC-monographs-on-the-Evaluation-of-the-Carcinogenic-risk-of-chemicals-tohumans; 19; 1979; 377-438 1979 PY: 1979 LA: English DE: HUMAN-; ANIMAL-; carcinogenicity-; Carcinogens-; Mutagens-; Teratogens-; Me tabolism-; genetic-toxicity; occupational-exposure; Case-Report; epidemiological -study; reproductive-effect; reproductive-and-developmental-tests RN: 75-01-4; 9002-86-2; 9003-22-9 AB: Vinyl chloride was tested in rats by oral, subcutaneous and intraperitoneal administration and in mice, rats and hamsters by inhalation exposure; carcinoge nic in all three species; tumours at different sites; angiosarcomas of the liver ; prenatal exposure; vinyl chloride is mutagenic; polyvinyl chloride was tested in rats by subcutaneous and intraperitoneal implantation; local sarcomas; vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers were tested in rats by subcutaneous implantati on as films or powder; local sarcomas. Human data; exposure involves workers in the production, polymerization and processing industries; general population; di rect or indirect contact with polymer products; increased carcinogenic risk in h umans, involving the liver, brain, lung and haemo-lymphopoietic system; epidemio

logical study; foetal mortality; wives of workers who had been exposed to vinyl chloride; mutagenic effect in human germ cells; chromosomal aberrations in the l ymphocytes; birth defects; teratogenic and/or mutagenic effects of vinyl choride in humans; mortality studies; fabrication of plastics; polyvinyl chloride; canc er of the digestive system in both sexes and possibly of the urinary system and of the breast in women. Vinyl chloride is a human carcinogen. Its target organs are the liver, brain, lung and haemo-lymphopoietic system. Similar carcinogenic effects were first demonstrated in rats and were later confirmed in mice and ham sters. Although evidence of a carcinogenic effect of vinyl chloride in humans ha s come from groups occupationally exposed to high doses of vinyl chloride, there is no evidence that there is an exposure level below which no increased risk of cancer would occur in humans. Epidemiological reports regarding clastogenic eff ects among vinyl chloride-exposed workers and a single study of increased foetal mortality among the wives of workers who had been exposed to vinyl chloride sug gest that vinyl chloride could be mutagenic to humans. Additional support for th is suggestion derives form experimental evidence of its mutagenicity. Studies wh ich indicate increased rates of birth defects among the children of parents resi ding in communities where vinyl chloride production and polymerization plants ar e located indicate the necessity for further investigation of the teratogenicity of vinyl chloride and its polymers in both animals and humans. The available st udies on polyvinyl chloride, which indicate an elevated proportion of digestive system cancer in male and female workers and possibly of cancers of the breast a nd urinary organs in female workers involved in the fabrication of plastics, inc luding polyvinyl chloride, are insufficient to evaluate the carcinogenicity of t his compound. (SHORTENED) AI: Yes DB: TOX SF: RISKLINE AN: RISKLINE-84100017 Record 14 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Rifampicin AU: Anonymous SO: IARC-monographs-on-the-Evaluation-of-the-Carcinogenic-risk-of-chemicals-tohumans; 24; 1980; 243-58 1980 PY: 1980 LA: English DE: ANIMAL-; carcinogenicity-; Carcinogens-; Teratogens-; Metabolism-; genetictoxicity; Drugs-; Case-Report; reproductive-effect; reproductive-and-development al-tests RN: 13292-46-1 AB: Rifampicin has been tested in two strains of mice and in rats by oral admin istration. It was also tested in mice by subcutaneous administration. After oral administration, it significantly increased the incidence of benign and malignan t liver-cell tumours only in female mice of one strain; no evidence of carcinoge nicity was observed in animals of the other strain. In rats, no increased tumour incidence was found. The experiment by subcutaneous administration was inadequa te. The available studies on mutagenicity indicated the absence of a mutagenic e ffect. Rifampicin is teratogenic for mice and rats. Refampicin is a commonly use d antimycobacterial drug. Its use in human medicine has increased recently. No c ase reports or epidemiological studies were available to the Working Group. In a preliminary report, nine malformations occurred among the children of 229 women exposed to the drug. (Three had defects of the central nervous system, and thre e had skeletal reduction defects.) In view of the limited evidence for the carci nogenicity of rifampicin in mice and the absence of epidemiological studies, no evaluation of the carcinogenicity of rifampicin to humans could be made. AI: Yes DB: TOX SF: RISKLINE

AN: RISKLINE-84100014 Record 15 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Evaluation of composted sewage sludge based soil amendments for potential r isks of salmonellosis AU: Skanavis-C; Yanko-WA AF: County Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County, San Jose Creek Water Qua lity Laboratory, 1965 S. Workman Mill Rd., Whittier, CA 90601, USA SO: J.-ENVIRON.-HEALTH, vol. 56, no. 7, pp. 19-23. LA: English PT: Journal-Article IS: 0022-0892 DE: Risk-assessment; Compost-; Sewage-sludge; Bacteria-; Contamination-; Salmon ella-; Composting-; Risk-; Sludge-; Soil-Amendments; SalmonellaAB: Soil conditioners derived from composted sewage sludge were evaluated to de termine if bacterial standards were needed to control Salmonella contamination. High concentrations of fecal coliforms were detected in most samples. Salmonella was detected in commercial soil amendment products but not in bulking agents or in composted sewage sludge used to produce the products. More intensive isolati on efforts detected low levels of Salmonella in the composted sludge. The distri bution of salmonellae serotypes did not suggest a strong correlation between the occurrence of Salmonella in the compost products and Salmonella infections in t he community. Analysis of exposure demonstrated that the probability of infectio n was low in most scenarios. Although results suggested there was minimal concer n about sludge-based soil amendments as a source of Salmonella infection, the pr oducts were not risk-free. The frequent isolation of Salmonella and predominance of a serotype commonly isolated from infected children supports the need to con tinue to require tile products to meet bacterial standards prior to their use by the general public. AI: Yes DB: CSA SF: POLL; HESA AN: 4222324 Record 16 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Chlordane AU: Anonymous SO: IARC-monographs-on-the-Evaluation-of-the-Carcinogenic-risk-of-chemicals-tohumans; 20; 1979; 45-65 1979 PY: 1979 LA: English DE: HUMAN-; ANIMAL-; carcinogenicity-; Carcinogens-; Mutagens-; Metabolism-; ge netic-toxicity; occupational-exposure; pesticides-; Case-Report; reproductive-ef fect; reproductive-and-developmental-tests RN: 57-74-9 AB: Chlordane (analytical grade) was tested in one experiment in mice and in on e in rats by oral administration. It produced hepatocellular carcinomas in mice of both sexes; in rats, the results were inconclusive. A re-evaluation of unpubl ished studies involving the oral administration of technical-grade chlordane to mice of another strain confirmed the hepatocarcinogenicity of chlordane for mice of both sexes. Chlordane induced gene conversions in yeast but was not shown to be mutagenic in bacteria. It induced mutations in mammalian cells in culture bu t was negative in dominant lethal tests in mice. Case reports suggest a relation ship between exposure to chlordane or heptachlor (either alone or in combination with other compounds) and blood dyscrasias. Another publication has also sugges ted an association with acute leukaemia; an association between both pre- and po stnatal exposure to technical-grade chlordane and the development of neuroblasto mas in children was also suggested. No epidemiological studies were available to

the Working Group. The extensive production and use of chlordane over the past several decades, together with the persistent nature of the compound, indicate t hat widespread human exposure occurs. This is confirmed by many reports of its o ccurrence in the general environment and in human tissues. There is sufficient e vidence that chlordane is carcinogenic in mice. A report of a number of cases of cancer in humans was also available, but these data do not allow an evaluation of the carcinogenicity of chlordane to humans to be made. AI: Yes DB: TOX SF: RISKLINE AN: RISKLINE-84090026 Record 17 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide AU: Anonymous SO: IARC-monographs-on-the-Evaluation-of-the-Carcinogenic-risk-of-chemicals-tohumans; 20; 1979; 129-54 1979 PY: 1979 LA: English DE: HUMAN-; ANIMAL-; carcinogenicity-; Metabolism-; genetic-toxicity; pesticide s-; Case-Report; reproductive-and-developmental-tests RN: 76-44-8; 1024-57-3 AB: Heptachlor containing about 20% chlordane was tested in one experiment in m ice and in one in rats by oral administration. It produced liver carcinomas in m ice of both sexes. In rats, the results suggest a carcinogenic effect on the thy roid in females. Heptachlor (97% pure) was also inadequately tested in one exper iment in rats by oral administration. A reevaluation of unpublished studies invo lving the oral administration of heptachlor of unspecified purity to mice and ra ts of other strains confirms the hepatocarcinogenicity of heptachlor for mice an d suggests a carcinogenic effect in female rats. The latter studies also suggest ed that heptachlor epoxide produced liver carcinomas in mice of both sexes and h epatomas in rats of both sexes. Heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide were not mutag enic in Salmonella typhimurium or Drosophila melanogaster and were negative in d ominant lethal tests in mice. Case reports suggest a relationship between exposu re to heptachlor or chlordane (either alone or in combination with other compoun ds) and blood dyscrasias. Another publication has also suggested an association with acute leukaemia; an association between both pre- and postnatal exposure to technical-grade chlordane containing heptachlor and the development of neurobla stomas in children was also suggested. No epidemiological studies were available to the Working Group. The extensive production of heptachlor and its use over t he past several decades, together with the persistent nature of the compound, in dicate that widespread human exposure occurs. This is confirmed by many reports of its occurrence in the general environment and by the finding of its epoxide i n the fat and body fluids of human adults and stillborn infants. There is suffic ient evidence that heptachlor (containing chlordane) is carcinogenic in mice. Th ere is limited evidence that heptachlor epoxide is carcinogenic in experimental animals. A report of a series of cases of human cancer associated with exposure to heptachlor was also available, but these data do not allow an evaluation of t he carcinogenicity of heptachlor or heptachlor epoxide to humans to be made. AI: Yes DB: TOX SF: RISKLINE AN: RISKLINE-84090022 Record 18 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Hexachlorophene AU: Anonymous SO: IARC-monographs-on-the-Evaluation-of-the-Carcinogenic-risk-of-chemicals-to-

humans; 20; 1979; 241-57 1979 PY: 1979 LA: English DE: ANIMAL-; carcinogenicity-; Teratogens-; reproductive-effect RN: 70-30-4 AB: Hexachlorophene was tested in one experiment in rats by oral administration ; it had no carcinogenic effect. It was inadequately tested in one experiment in mice by skin application. Hexachlorophene is embryotoxic and produces some tera togenic effects. It was not mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium and was negative in a dominant lethal assay in male mice. Cytogenetic tests with cultured human lymphocytes were also negative. No case report or epidemiological study was avai lable to the Working Group. Malformations have been reported in children born to mothers repeatedly exposed to hexachlorophene. The extensive production and use , particularly in germicidal soap, of hexachlorophene over the past several deca des indicate that widespread human exposure occurs in both the general and the w orking environment. This is confirmed by its presence in human body fluids. Epis odes of intoxication have also been reported. The available data do not allow an evaluation of the carcinogenicity of hexachlorophene to be made. AI: Yes DB: TOX SF: RISKLINE AN: RISKLINE-84090019 Record 19 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Diethylstilboestrol and diethylstilboestrol dipropionate AU: Anonymous SO: IARC-monographs-on-the-Evaluation-of-the-Carcinogenic-risk-of-chemicals-tohumans; 21; 1979; 173-231 1979 PY: 1979 LA: English DE: HUMAN-; ANIMAL-; carcinogenicity-; Carcinogens-; Teratogens-; Metabolism-; genetic-toxicity; occupational-exposure; drugs-; Case-Report; reproductive-effec t RN: 56-53-1; 130-80-3 AB: Mice and rats; oral administration; local application; hamsters; monkeys; s ubcutaneous implantation; subcutaneous injection; prenatal exposure in mice and hamsters and by neonatal exposure in mice and rats; mammary and lymphoid tumours ; interstitial-cell tumours of the testis in males and ovarian tumours in female s; cervical and vaginal tumours; pituitary, mammary and bladder tumours; renal t umours; tumours of the uterus, cervix and vagina were observed in female offspri ng; in squirrel monkeys, malignant mesotheliomas of the uterine serosa were obse rved; pellet implantation; mammary carcinomas; subcutaneous injection in rats an d frogs; pituitary tumours; tumours of the haematopoietic tissue; renal tumours. Diethylstilboestrol is embryolethal for pre- and postimplantation embryos in so me species and causes teratogenic effects on the genital tract, which may be of significance for the carcinogenicity observed in these tissues. Diethylstilboest rol taken during pregnancy has been shown to be causally associated with an incr ease in vaginal and cervical clear-cell adenocarcinoma in daughters, primarily i n those between the ages of 10 and 30 years. Non-malignant structural changes; c hildren of exposed women; cryptorchidism; hypoplastic testes; There appears to b e an increased risk of endometrial carcinoma in young women with Turner's syndro me who were treated with diethylstilboestrol; breast cancer in men; Evidence str ongly suggests that the administration of oestrogens for the control of symptoms of the climacteric is causally related to an increased incidence of endometrial carcinoma; diethylstilboestrol is no different from other oestrogens in this re spect. (SHORTENED) Diethylstilboestrol is causally associated with the occurrenc e of cancer in humans. There is also sufficient evidence for its carcinogenicity in experimental animals. AI: Yes

DB: TOX SF: RISKLINE AN: RISKLINE-84090010 Record 20 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: [Hygienic evaluation of the production cycle of homogenized fresh cheeses.] AU: Burzynska-H AF: Panstwowy Zaklad Higieny, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland SO: Roczniki-Panstwowego-Zakladu-Higieny, 31 (3) 243-251, 1980. NT: 17 ref. PY: 1980 LA: Polish DE: MICROORGANISMS-; cheesemaking,-microbial-contamination-during-homogenized CONTAMINATION-; cheesemaking,-microbial-contamination-during-homogenized CHEESEMAKING-; microbial-contamination-during-homogenized-cheesemaking AB: Coliform titres, Escherichia coli titres, contents of moulds, yeasts, and p athogenic staphylococi were measured, and checks for presence of anaerobic spore formers were carried out during the 1st 9 months of 1979 in 26 dairy factories t hroughout Poland, in a total of 175 production runs of homogenized fresh cheeses . Contamination with coliforms increased progressively during the production cyc le, particularly after addition of starter. Their presence in milk taken at past eurizer outlet is attributed to faulty pasteurization and/or cleaning. >30% of s amples of finished cheeses contained coliforms and E. coli at titres of 1 millio n-10 000 million/g, and also Klebsiella pneumoniae and K. ozaenae. It is conclud ed that homogenized fresh cheeses present a serious health danger, in particular to children. AI: Yes DB: FSTA AN: 82-04-p0528 Record 21 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Isotopic ratios of lead in human teeth and sources of exposure in Edinburgh AU: Farmer-JG; Sugden-CL; Mackenzie-AB; Moody-GH; Fulton-M AF: Department of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburg h, EH9 3JJ, UK SO: ENVIRON.-TECHNOL. vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 593-599. LA: English PT: Journal-Article IS: 0959-3330 DE: Humans-; Lead-; Isotopes-; Tissues-; Measuring-methods; British-Isles,-Scot land,-Edinburgh; Human-teeth AB: The mean super(206)Pb/ super(207)Pb ratio of 1.131 plus or minus 0.015 (ran ge 1.112-1.150) found for lead in the teeth of low-lead exposure' children in Ed inburgh is intermediate between the observed ratios for leaded petrol (1.075 plu s or minus 0.013) and tap water in contact with lead pipes (1.160 plus or minus 0.012) and comparable with that reported for food in the UK. Quantitative source apportionment on the basis of one lead isotopic ratio, however, may well be hin dered by the wide range of super(206)Pb/ super(207)Pb values (1.098-1.183; mean 1.142 plus or minus 0.031) found for old, high-lead (> 1.0%) paint and the simil arity of the mean ratio (1.159 plus or minus 0.011) for high-lead (> 0.1%) dust in older houses to that for tap water. The potential benefit of using more than one stable lead isotopic ratio in such investigations is endorsed by the identif ication of two distinct groups of children close to the excellent best-fit line (r = -0.976) through the super(208)Pb/ super(206)Pb versus super(206)Pb/ super(2 07)Pb plot for the extensive series of environmental (petrol, atmospheric partic ulates, street dust, paint (< 1.0%), house dust, tap water) data, while the samp les of high-lead (> 1.0%) paint all lie clearly to one side of the line, and by the differences sometimes observed between the enamel and dentine fractions of i

ndividual adult teeth for the super(208)Pb/ super(206)Pb and super(208)Pb/ super (207)Pb, but not super(206)Pb/ super(207)Pb, ratios. AI: Yes DB: CSA SF: POLL; HESA AN: 4222551 Record 22 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: High levels of exposure to vanadium by children aged 1-4 AU: Calabrese-EJ; Stanek-EJ AF: School of Public Health, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, US A SO: J.-ENVIRON.-SCI.-HEALTH,-PART-A:-ENVIRON.-SCI.-ENG.-TOXIC-HAZARD.-SUBST.-CO NTROL, vol. A28, no. 10, pp. 2359-2371. LA: English PT: Journal-Article IS: 0360-1226 DE: Vanadium-; Soil-contamination; Children-; Fecal-coliforms AB: This paper presents evidence that normal children aged 1-4, who were partic ipating in a study designed to estimate soil ingestion, displayed very elevated fecal vanadium (V) levels that could not be explained by consumption of food, wa ter, medicine, or soil. Some children were exposed to V that exceeded average da ily food ingestion of V by 50- 500-fold. The source of the V is uncertain but is hypothesized to be related at least in part to consumption of inks and print in children's books. AI: Yes DB: CSA SF: POLL; HESA AN: 4222367 Record 23 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Identification of sources of lead exposure among children in Arar, Saudi Ar abia AU: Al-Saleh-IA; Fellows-C; Delves-T; Taylor-A AF: Trace Element Laboratory, Robens Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 5XH, UK SO: ANN.-CLIN.-BIOCHEM. vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 142-145. LA: English PT: Journal-Article DE: Lead-; Poisoning-; Blood-analysis; Children-; Saudi-Arabia,-Arar AB: The concentrations of lead and the isotopic ratios of lead, super(206)Pb: s uper(207)Pb, were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry in en vironmental specimens, cosmetics and traditional remedies. The ratios were compa red with those found in blood samples of Saudi children who had increased concen trations of total blood lead. The isotopic ratios in the blood specimens (1 time s 144 plus or minus 0 times 027) were not significantly different from those det ermined in cosmetics and remedies (1 times 152 plus or minus 0 times 031) and in dicated that these were the likely sources of exposure rather than the lead cont ained in petrol which had an isotopic ratio of 1 times 207. AI: Yes DB: CSA SF: POLL; HESA AN: 4222328 Record 24 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Childhood lead poisoning near abandoned lead mining and smelting areas: A c ase study of two affected households

AU: Moehr-AD; Roberts-DW; Phillips-PE; Evans-RG AF: Jasper County Health Dept., 115 N. Madison, Webb City, MO 64870, USA. SO: J.-ENVIRON.-HEALTH, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 20-23. LA: English PT: Journal-Article IS: 0022-0892 DE: Lead-; Poisoning-; Mining-; Superfund-; Children-; USA,-Missouri,-Jasper-Co unty AB: In October, 1990 the Missouri Department of Health entered a contract with the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) to conduct an expos ure study at the Jasper County, Missouri Superfund Site. The primary concern was exposure to elevated levels of lead and cadmium resulting from previous mining of lead and zinc in the area. Several individuals were found to have elevated le ad levels and this article is a case study of two households where children with elevated levels resided. Due to the lowering of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) standard for a level of concern in childhood lead poisonin g from 25 mu g/dl to 10 mu g/dl, many environmental health personnel may be requ ested to evaluate exposure routes and give advice regarding risk reduction to fa milies who reside in areas not previously thought to be problematic. Accomplishi ng this risk reduction may require passage of local ordinances requiring lead ab atement, additional training of field personnel, and cooperative work with other public and governmental entities. AI: Yes DB: CSA SF: POLL; HESA AN: 4222325 Record 25 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Hospital admissions for asthma in preschool children: relationship to major roads in Birmingham, United Kingdom AU: Edwards-J; Walters-S; Griffiths-RK AF: University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK SO: ARCH.-ENVIRON.-HEALTH, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 223-227. LA: English PT: Journal-Article IS: 0003-9896 DE: Air-pollution; Asthma-; Public-health; Morbidity-; Children-; Automotive-ex haust-emissions; Urban-areas; British-Isles,-England,-Birmingham; EpidemiologyAB: This study examined the relationship between residence near major roads, tr affic flow, and risk of hospital admission for asthma in children younger than 5 y of age living in Birmingham, United Kingdom. Area of residence and traffic fl ow patterns were compared for children admitted to the hospital for asthma, chil dren admitted for nonrespiratory reasons, and a random sample of children from t he community. Children admitted with an asthma diagnosis were significantly more likely to live in an area with high traffic flow (> 24 000 vehicles/24 h) locat ed along the nearest segment of main road than were children admitted for nonres piratory reasons (p < 0.02) or children from the community (p < 0.002). A signif icant linear trend was observed for traffic flow (p < 0.006) for children living less than 500 m from a main road but not for those living farther away. Childre n admitted for nonrespiratory reasons were more likely to be admitted than child ren in the community sample if they lived within 200 m of a main road (p < 0.02) , irrespective of traffic flow. AI: Yes DB: CSA SF: POLL; HESA AN: 4222307 Record 26 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981

TI: Source of lead in humans from Broken Hill mining community AU: Gulson-BL; Howarth-D; Mizon-KJ; Law-AJ; Korsch-MJ; Davis-JJ AF: CSIRO, D.E.G., PO Box 136, North Ryde NSW2113, Australia SO: ENVIRON.-GEOCHEM.-HEALTH, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 19-25. LA: English PT: Journal-Article IS: 0269-4042 DE: Toxicology-; Lead-; Humans-; Blood-levels; Mining-; Australia,-NSW,-BrokenHill; Blood-lead-levels AB: This paper documents the first precise lead isotope measurements for men, w omen and children from the same family in an attempt to determine the source of lead in their blood. The subjects reside in one of the world's largest lead mini ng cities, Broken Hill, NSW, Australia. Biological and environmental samples hav e been compared using isotopic compositions and lead contents. Adult males have isotopic profiles (or compositions) which appear to be related to their occupati ons. Adult females have low blood leads (<10 mu g dL super(-1)) and their main s ource of lead is not from the mine dumps around which the city is built but prob ably from a mixture of petrol, food and perhaps water. The blood lead contents i n children from 1 to 14 years old vary and are partly dependent on age. There is a moderate correlation of blood lead and isotopic compositions (r = 0.73) indic ating that a significant component of blood lead derives from the mine dumps in children with elevated blood leads. Some children with blood leads <20 mu g dL s uper(-1) however, also have a dominant component of mine lead in their blood. AI: Yes DB: CSA SF: POLL; HESA AN: 4222282 Record 27 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: [Mass outbreak of food poisoning by goulash contaminated with Pseudomonas a eruginosa. ] AU: Rokoszewska-J; Smykal-B; Bogdanowicz-E AF: Wojewodzka Sta. Sanitarno-Epidemiologiczna, 65-470 Zielona Gova, Poland SO: Roczniki-Panstwowego-Zakladu-Higieny, 31 (3) 253-256, 1980. NT: 10 ref. PY: 1980 LA: Polish DE: PSEUDOMONADACEAE-; beef-goulash,-Pseudomonas-aeruginosa-poisoning-from-Poli sh POISONING-; beef-goulash,-Pseudomonas-aeruginosa-poisoning-from-Polish MEALS-; beef-goulash,-Pseudomonas-aeruginosa-poisoning-from-Polish BEEF-; Pseudomonas-aeruginosa-poisoning-from-Polish-beef-goulash AB: 53 (50 children and 3 adults) of 129 people using the canteen of a centre f or deaf and hard-of-hearing children showed food poisoning symptoms 7-12 h after eating a supper of beef goulash. Ps. aeruginosa was detected in the goulash at a titre of 10 000/g in the absence of other pathogenic microorganisms, and was f ound in rectal smears of all those involved in the outbreak and also in rectal s mears of kitchen personnel who showed no symptoms. The contamination is ascribed to dirty kitchen equipment; and its exacerbation through keeping the goulash wa rm, or at room temp. (with only 1 h at 6 C) for 7 h after its preparation for lu nch is blamed for the outbreak. AI: Yes DB: FSTA AN: 82-03-c0120 Record 28 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: DMSA in therapy of occupational lead poisoning AU: Restek-Samarzija-N; Pizent-A; Corovic-N; Zavalic-M; Milkovic-Kraus-S

AF: Inst. za Medicinska Istrazivanja i Medicinu Rada, Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia CF: The First Croatian Congress of Toxicology, Zagreb (Croatia), 17-19 Apr 1996 SO: FIRST-CROATIAN-CONGRESS-OF-TOXICOLOGY. [vp] LA: English PT: Book-Monograph IS: 0004-1251 DE: lead-; poisoning-; occupational-exposure; chelation-; blood-levels; 2,3-mes o-dimercaptosuccinic-acid; DMSAAB: DMSA (2,3-meso dimercaptosuccinic acid) is a new oral chelating agent. Its efficacy was confirmed in the USA, especially in the treatment of children lead poisoning. There are few studies related to DMSA chelation in occupationally exp osed workers. This study introduces DMSA for the first time in our country with intention to evaluate its efficiency in chronic occupational lead poisoning. Sev en workers, employed in a lead battery factory for at least four years, with ele vated blood lead concentrations (PbB) (>50 mu g/100 ml) and a positive EDTA lead mobilization test (>600 mu g Pb/24 h urine), were treated with DMSA for 19 days . DMSA was administered orally in doses of 700 mg DMSA every 8 hours from day 1 to day 5, and 700 mg every 12 hours from day 6 to day 19 of the treatment. Blood lead values declined during the treatment (mean PbB decreased to 15.4% of pretr eatment values) with a simultaneous increase in urinary excretion of lead (P<0.0 1). However, 15 days after the therapy, PbB values rebounded for 35%, but they d id not exceed the threshold level (30 mu g/100 ml). The EDTA lead mobilization t est detected a 54% decline of pretreatment values (P<0.01) suggesting a signific ant reduction of lead in the body. Our results show that DMSA is an efficient ch elating agent for treatment of chronic lead poisoning in occupationally exposed patients. AI: Yes DB: CSA SF: HESA AN: 4207554 Record 29 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: The first severe case of paracetamol poisoning in Croatia AU: Filipovic-Grcic-B; Novak-M; Saric-D; Delija-Presecki-Z; Kniewald-H; DujsinM; Cvitkovic-M; Sarnavka-V; Plavsic-F; Turk-R AF: KBC Zagreb, Zavod za Neonatologiju i Intenzivno Lijecenje, Kispaticeva 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia CF: The First Croatian Congress of Toxicology, Zagreb (Croatia), 17-19 Apr 1996 SO: FIRST-CROATIAN-CONGRESS-OF-TOXICOLOGY. [vp] LA: English PT: Book-Monograph IS: 0004-1251 DE: poisoning-; Croatia-; paracetamol-; drugsAB: There are thousands of cases of paracetamol poisoning in adults and childre n described in literature with many consequent deaths. In 1991, USA reported abo ut 77,000 poisonings and 82 deaths for all age groups. There has been no reports of paracetamol poisoning in Croatia so far. We have an unofficial knowledge of about 25 persons of all age groups who received a significantly larger dose of p aracetamol, but lacked any clinical or laboratory findings of poisoning. A seven teen-month-old girl was treated with paracetamol and antibiotics at home, after which she was hospitalized for five days with the indication of fever. Antibioti c treatment continued due to urinary tract infection. From the third day of hosp italization on she was afebrile. That same day she was vomiting and displaying b ad general condition and metabolic acidosis. Her condition improved the next day , but the day after it deteriorated again. Clinical findings were those of sopor , hepatomegaly and jaundice. The girl was transported to our unit as suspect of Reye's syndrome. Laboratory results were as follows: AST activity was 6200, ALT 4283 U/L, prothrombin index <0.1. The unknown etiology of hepatic insufficiency

with encephalopathy inspired us to perform urine toxicological analysis. As a re sult, we found 205.9 mu mol/L of paracetamol. Serum concentration of paracetamol was 9 mu mol/L. Interpolation in Rumack-Matthews nomogram pointed out substanti al paracetamol poisoning. Since more than 24 hours passed from the ingestion, we decided not to perform a specific treatment with N-acetylcysteine. Instead, we treated her with the fresh frozen plasma for seven days. Within 30 hours from ad mission to our unit, the girl was conscious, and not displaying hepatomegaly and jaundice. The subsequent normalization of serum transaminase activity occurred within ten days. The girl was discharged after three weeks in good condition. AI: Yes DB: CSA SF: HESA AN: 4207552 Record 30 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Children poisoning in a five year period - An overview AU: Filipovic-Grcic-B; Kniewald-H; Novak-M; Saric-D; Delija-Presecki-Z; BenjakV; Nikolic-E; Konstantinov-T; Richter-D; Zupancic-V; Dujsin-M; Sarnavka-V; Cvitk ovic-M; Vukovic-J AF: KBC Zagreb, Zavod za Neonatologiju i Intenzivno Lijecenje, Kispaticeva 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia CF: The First Croatian Congress of Toxicology, Zagreb (Croatia), 17-19 Apr 1996 SO: FIRST-CROATIAN-CONGRESS-OF-TOXICOLOGY. [vp] LA: English PT: Book-Monograph IS: 0004-1251 DE: children-; poisoning-; drugs-; fungi-; alcohol-; chemicals-; Agaricaceae-; age-; seasonal-variations AB: During a five year period (1990-1994), 257 (2%) children (out of 13,692) we re hospitalized due to poisoning, 56.4% of which were boys and 43.5% girls. Diag noses were established on the basis of anamnesis, clinical findings and laborato ry results. Poisoning was most frequent in the age group between 1 and 3 years ( 31.5%), while in other two age groups (4-5 and 6-7 years) the incidence was halv ed (14.5% and 14.1%). One third of the children were in the age group between 8 and 14 years. The study includes mushroom poisoning, as a part of the Department 's responsibilities, which was highly represented (28.8%) in the overall distrib ution. The same incidence was registered for the drug poisoning (28,8%), most fr equently by psychotropic drugs (40.1%). It is important to point out that the ve ry low incidence of alimentary intoxications in our research is due to the fact that these cases are usually referred to institutions for infectious diseases. O ther causes of poisoning were alcohol (8.9%) and cleaning substances (6.6%). Ave rage hospitalization lasted for 6.15 days, while the mushroom poisoning had the longest average hospitalization (7 days). Looking at the distribution of poisoni ng by seasons, mushroom poisoning was most frequent in autumn, while other poiso nings (drugs, oil-products and cleaning substances) were distributed equally thr oughout the year. 55.3% of treated children recovered completely, 44.2% partiall y, while 3 children died (1 poisoned with organophosphate and 2 with mushrooms). AI: Yes DB: CSA SF: HESA AN: 4207551 Record 31 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Poisoning with dapsone AU: Filipovic-Grcic-B; Cvitkovic-M; Saric-D; Novak-M; Kniewald-H; Delija-Presec ki-Z; Radica-A; Slavicek-J AF: KBC Zagreb, Zavod za Neonatologiju i Intenzivno Lijecenje, Kispaticeva 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia

CF: The First Croatian Congress of Toxicology, Zagreb (Croatia), 17-19 Apr 1996 SO: FIRST-CROATIAN-CONGRESS-OF-TOXICOLOGY. [vp] LA: English PT: Book-Monograph IS: 0004-1251 DE: poisoning-; detoxification-; dapsone-; ingestion-; neuropathy-; suicideAB: Significant incidence of dapsone poisoning has been reported in Asia, and a case of a 13-year-old girl poisoned with dapsone represents medical curiosity i n Croatia. Dapsone is generally used for treatment of leprosy, its resorption fr om alimentary tract being very good. Half-life of dapsone is 48 hours and 50% bi nds to plasma proteins. It is metabolized in liver by acetylization and N-oxidat ion and partially enters enterohepatic circulation. Excretion is by urine, only 10-20%, in unmetabolized form. Therapeutic doses are 1-2 mg/kg for children, up to 500 mg for adults. Intoxication is present at ingestion of 1.5 g or more. Mos t usual signs of acute poisoning are: sickness, vomiting, abdominal pain, cyanos is, methaemoglobinemia, haemolytic anaemia, jaundice and coma. The possible cons equence of poisoning is peripheral motor neuropathy. The girl was hospitalized 1 8 hours after ingesting 2-3 grams of dapsone in a suicide attempt. She had all s ymptoms of acute poisoning except for coma. The level of methaemoglobin at arriv al was 44% (normal 0.5-1.5%), and was normalized after twelve days. Jaundice was spotted on the fourth day of hospitalization with the highest level of bilirubi n at 143 mu mol/L (normal 4-20 mu mol/L). The lowest level of heamoglobin in blo od was recorded on the tenth day (77 g/L). The detoxification included two excha nge transfusions and five plasmaphereses, administration of activated charcoal, cathartics and forced diuresis. In addition, we used oxygen therapy and ascorbic acid. Because G-6-PDH activity was normal, methylene blue was applied intraveno usly. Unfortunately, the girl developed peripheral, mostly motor, neuropathy as a consequence of dapsone poisoning. AI: Yes DB: CSA SF: HESA AN: 4207550 Record 32 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: [Serotypes of Bacillus cereus isolates from cooked and raw rice responsible for food poisoning and from healthy people.] AU: Shinagawa-K; Kunita-N; Onaka-T; Takemasa-N AF: Osaka Prefectural Inst. of Public Health, Nakamichi 1-chome, Higashinari-ku , Osaka, Japan SO: Journal-of-the-Food-Hygienic-Society-of-Japan-((Shokuhin-Eiseigaku-Zasshi)) 21 (4) 266-272, 1980. NT: 10 ref. PY: 1980 LA: Japanese DE: BACILLUS-; rice,-Bacillus-cereus-poisoning-from POISONING-; rice,-Bacillus-cereus-poisoning-from RICE-; Bacillus-cereus-poisoning-from-rice AB: Anti B. cereus H sera of 19 serotypes were prepared with 18 strains of B. c ereus and an additional SH-1 strain isolated from an outbreak of B. cereus food poisoning. The titers of Anti H sera ranged from 3200 to 12 800. Some of these s era cross-agglutinated with heterologous antigens, but mono-specific H sera were prepared by absorption. In 11 of 13 ''vomiting type'' outbreaks incriminated fo odstuffs or clinical specimens or both yielded H-serotype 1 only. The other 2 ou tbreaks yielded serotypes 3 and SH-1. Two ''diarreal type'' outbreaks yielded se rotype 8 only. Of 140 isolates, 98 (70.0%) were serotype 1, 20 were serotype 8, 11 were serotype SH-1, 6 were serotyppe 3, and 5 (3.6%) were not typable (NT). I n all, 135 of the 140 (96.4%) strains isolated from these episodes were typable. Of 10 food poisoning outbreaks involving not only B. cereus but also Staphyloco ccus aureus, one yielded serotype 1 and one yielded serotype 3, while the other

8 each yielded 2 or 3 serotypes, 1+SH-1, 1+NT, 1+SH-1+NT, or NT alone. Of 70 iso lates, 21 (30.0%) were serotype 1, 8 were serotype 3, 4 were serotypeSH-1 and th e other 37 (52.9%) were NT. Of 115 isolates from cooked rice, 29 (25.2%) were se rotype 1, 10 were serotype 8, 8 were SH-1, 6 were serotype 12, and 44 (38.3%) we re NT; the others were serotype 3, 5, 9, 14, 16, or 18. Of 55 isolates from raw rice, 7 (12.7%) were serotype 7, 4 were serotype SH-1, 2 were serotype 1, one wa s serotype 8 and the other 41 (74.5%) were NT. B. cereus was isolated from 65 of 433 (15.0%) samples of faeces of healthy food handlers and school children; of these 65 isolates, 10 (15.4%) were serotype 1, 44 (67.7%) were NT, and the other s were serotype SH-1, 8, 5, 12, or 14. AI: Yes DB: FSTA AN: 81-11-m1169 Record 33 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Emission of volatile and semi-volatile organic products from thermal treatm ent of waste acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene plastics AU: Yuan-ChungShin; Chen-JiungCheng CF: Air & Waste Management Association 89. Annual Meeting, Nashville, TN (USA), 1996 SO: AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 (USA) [np] AIR & W ASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 (USA) NT: Online access: http://www.awma.org/. LA: English PT: Book-Monograph DE: emission-control; volatile-organic-compounds; air-pollution-control; plasti cs-; waste-disposal AB: The purpose of this study is two fold: (1) to characterize the emission of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds from the thermal treatment of waste acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) plastics; (2) to investigate the influenc e of operating parameters on the emission of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds during the thermal treatment process. ABS is one of the major plastics applied in our daily life and is commonly used for the manufacture of commercia l products such as phone shell, children tools, and auto parts, etc. Therefore, the characterization of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds emitted fro m the thermal treatment process of ABS plastics became important if ABS content products are finally collected as municipal waste and are burned in municipal so lid waste incinerators. A laboratory-scale, two-stage thermal treatment system w as originally designed and installed at Air Pollution Control Laboratory in Nati onal Sun Yat-Sen University for this particular study. The thermal treatment sys tem consisted of an air preheater, a primary combustion chamber, and a secondary combustion chamber, which were all tubular reactors made of stainless steel. Th e operating parameters investigated in this study included combustion temperatur e of both primary and secondary combustor, auxiliary air ratio, and retention ti me. The volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds measured by GC-FID and GC/M ass were acrolein, acrylonitrille, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m-xylene, sty rene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, p-isopropytoluene, n-butyl benzene, and nephthalene. AI: Yes DB: CSA SF: POLL AN: 4076361 Record 34 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Probabilistic exposure and health risk estimates for the review of ozone na tional ambient air quality standards AU: Whitfield-RG; Richmond-HM CF: Air & Waste Management Association 89. Annual Meeting, Nashville, TN (USA),

1996 SO: AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 (USA) [np] AIR & W ASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 (USA) NT: Online access: http://www.awma.org/. LA: English PT: Book-Monograph DE: risk-assessment; public-health; ozone-; air-quality-standards; pollution-ef fects AB: This paper describes work sponsored by the U.S. Environmental Protection Ag ency that integrates probabilistic exposure estimates and probabilistic exposure - response relationships to calculate overall risk estimates for outdoor workers and outdoor children. These two populations are identified as sub-populations t hat are at greater risk for O3-induced health effects due to their increased exp osure to O3 and higher exertion level. Health research has shown that O3-induced respiratory effects are a function of ventilation rate, which is closely relate d to exertion level. Exposure and health risk estimates have been prepared for a lternative air quality scenarios that are intended to represent air quality asso ciated with just attaining alternative national ambient air quality standards (N AAQS). Several acute health endpoints, including lung function decrements, respi ratory symptoms, and excess hospital admissions have been assessed. Selected res ults are presented to illustrate how uncertainty is characterized in the risk as sessment results. AI: Yes DB: CSA SF: POLL AN: 4067204 Record 35 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: A time-series analysis to determine threshold values for environmentally in fluenced diseases AU: Herbarth-O; Caussade-B (ed.); Power-H (ed.); Brebbia-CA (ed.) AF: Dep. Hum. Exposure Res. and Epidemiol., UFZ-Cent. for Environ. Res. Leipzig -Halle Ltd., P.O. Box 2, D-04301 Leipzig, Germany CF: 4. International Conference on Air Pollution, Toulouse (France), 28-30 Aug 1996 SO: AIR POLLUTION IV. COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS, BILLERICA, MA 01821 (USA) pp. 47 5-484. COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS BILLERICA, MA 01821 (USA) LA: English PT: Book-Monograph DE: environmental-health; air-pollution; pollution-effects; sulfur-dioxide; res piratory-function; morbidityAB: A analysis based on the Fourier method is introduced which allows the deter mination of threshold values using environmental epidemiologic data and time-cor related air pollution measurements. At the basis are a series of temporally, hig hly resolved measurements of the indicator variable SO sub(2), thus, eleminating time-dependent confounding variables and temporal inhomogeneitis. The SO sub(2) -series, resulting from this procedure, are compared with daily acute respirator y morbidity data of the Mobile Emergency Unit. The study design and application of the developed statistical method allowed the determination of a dose-response curve for children and adults. The threshold values and the associated risk der ived at with this method are to be used as basis for decision-making within the framework of health protection and prognostic models. AI: Yes DB: CSA SF: POLL; HESA AN: 3966033 Record 36 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981

TI: The prevention of drug abuse: State of the art and directions for future ac tions AU: Van-Heeringen-KC AF: Unit Emergency Psychiatr., Dep. Psychiatr., Univ. Hosp., De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium CF: 5. World Congress for the World Federation of Associations of Clinical Toxi cology Centers and Poison Control Centers, Taipei (Taiwan), 8-11 Nov 1994 SO: PROCEEDINGS-OF-THE-5TH-WORLD-CONGRESS-FOR-THE-WORLD-FEDERATION-OF-ASSOCIATI ONS-OF-CLINICAL-TOXICOLOGY-CENTERS-AND-POISON-CONTROL-CENTERS. pp. 575-579, J. T OXICOL.: CLIN. TOXICOL. vol. 33, no. 6, 1955. PY: 1955 LA: English PT: Book-Monograph IS: 0731-3810 DE: drug-abuse; public-health; children-; psychological-aspects; ethanol-; manAB: Based on a public health model, three types of strategies to prevent drug a buse can be discerned: primary, secondary and tertiary prevention. Primary preve ntion programs (anticipation and prevention of the occurrence of drug abuse) hav e mostly been directed to elementary grade school children in general. As knowle dge about genetic predisposition increases, early developmental periods are incr easingly plastic, and substance abuse is now beginning at earlier ages. Prophyla ctic interventions need to focus on childhood high-risk groups. With respect to secondary prevention (aiming at the discontinuation of infrequent drug-use) the stage (or stepping-stone) hypothesis is currently being challenged. Continuation is mainly a function of the type of drug as well as social and personality fact ors. Progression to higher-rank drugs depends mainly on the intensity of prior d rug use. Comorbid psychiatric diseases are increasingly recognized and tractable . As in primary prevention the focus of secondary prevention shifts from sociocu ltural influences to the individual at risk. Regarding tertiary prevention (prev enting the retaking of substances after achieving abstinence), research evaluati ng programs for the treatment of abuse of alcohol and other drugs indicates a li mited staying power. Recent insights in the psycho- and neurobiologies of addict ive behavior and in the psychopharmacological properties of alcohol and other dr ugs provide clinicians with new pharmacological tools to prevent relapse. AI: Yes DB: CSA SF: TOXA AN: 3829163 Record 37 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: The use of poison prevention and education strategies to enhance the awaren ess of the poison information center and to prevent accidental pediatric poisoni ngs AU: Krenzelok-EP AF: Pittsburgh Poison Cent., 3705 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA CF: 5. World Congress for the World Federation of Associations of Clinical Toxi cology Centers and Poison Control Centers, Taipei (Taiwan), 8-11 Nov 1994 SO: PROCEEDINGS-OF-THE-5TH-WORLD-CONGRESS-FOR-THE-WORLD-FEDERATION-OF-ASSOCIATI ONS-OF-CLINICAL-TOXICOLOGY-CENTERS-AND-POISON-CONTROL-CENTERS. pp. 663-667, J. T OXICOL.: CLIN. TOXICOL. vol. 33, no. 6, 1955. PY: 1955 LA: English PT: Book-Monograph IS: 0731-3810 DE: poisoning-; accidents-; children-; public-health; manAB: Poison information centers have traditionally served two major functions: t he dissemination of poison information and poison prevention education. These fu nctions facilitate the ultimate missions of the poison information centers which are to prevent accidental poisonings and to decrease morbidity and mortality as

sociated with toxic exposures. Education must be directed at the potential and a ctual consumers of poison information centers services to prevent poisonings and to create awareness of how to use the poison information centers in the event o f accidental or intentional poisoning. The target population can be identified f rom poison center statistics generated by the American Association of Poison Con trol Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System which define patient and caller demographics. Analysis of American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic E xposure Surveillance System for ten years was used to identify the ten most comm on and ten most lethal poisons. This information indicates the most appropriate topics for education. These data also provide direction regarding poison center penetrance into specific geographic regions and identifies special needs of thos e individuals. Poison information centers are very costly to operate and the uti lization of epidemiologic data can help to direct education efforts in the most cost-effective fashion. AI: Yes DB: CSA SF: TOXA; HESA AN: 3829154 Record 38 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Poisoning due to illegal use of carbamates as a rodenticide in Rio de Janei ro AU: Lima-JS; Reis-CAG AF: Poison Control Cent., Univ. Fed. Rio De Janeiro, Ave. Brigadeiro Trompovsky , s/n degree , Ilha do Fundao, Rio de Janiero, Brazil 21940-590 CF: 5. World Congress for the World Federation of Associations of Clinical Toxi cology Centers and Poison Control Centers, Taipei (Taiwan), 8-11 Nov 1994 SO: PROCEEDINGS-OF-THE-5TH-WORLD-CONGRESS-FOR-THE-WORLD-FEDERATION-OF-ASSOCIATI ONS-OF-CLINICAL-TOXICOLOGY-CENTERS-AND-POISON-CONTROL-CENTERS. pp. 687-690, J. T OXICOL.: CLIN. TOXICOL. vol. 33, no. 6, 1955. PY: 1955 LA: English PT: Book-Monograph IS: 0731-3810 DE: poisoning-; pesticides-carbamates; rodenticides-; Brazil,-Rio-de-Janeiro; m an-; carbamatesAB: Carbamate insecticides (mainly aldicarb) are illegally commercialized as ra t poisons and commonly used by the population of Rio de Janeiro for this purpose . A retrospective study concerning 189 cases (80 men, 109 women) of carbamate po isoning referred to the Poison Control Center of Rio de Janeiro throughout 1993 is described. The causes of carbamate poisoning were suicide attempts (65%) and accidental ingestions (35%). The main signs and symptoms found (86%) were those related to the SLUDGE syndrome (increased salivation, lacrimation, urinary incon tinence, diarrhea, gastrointestinal cramping and emesis) which were more commonl y seen in adults than in children. Despite treatment with atropine, the case-fat ality was 4%. It is concluded that there is a widespread risk of carbamate poiso ning in Rio de Janeiro due to its clandestine use as a rodenticide. Effective me asures by the government authorities should be implemented to stamp out the illi cit commercialization of these compounds. AI: Yes DB: CSA SF: TOXA; HESA AN: 3829151 Record 39 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Stable isotope identification of lead sources in preschool children: The Om aha study AU: Angle-CR; Manton-WI; Stanek-KL

AF: Univ. Nebraska Med. Cent., 600 S. 42nd St., Omaha, NE 68198-6055, USA CF: 5. World Congress for the World Federation of Associations of Clinical Toxi cology Centers and Poison Control Centers, Taipei (Taiwan), 8-11 Nov 1994 SO: PROCEEDINGS-OF-THE-5TH-WORLD-CONGRESS-FOR-THE-WORLD-FEDERATION-OF-ASSOCIATI ONS-OF-CLINICAL-TOXICOLOGY-CENTERS-AND-POISON-CONTROL-CENTERS. pp. 657-662, J. T OXICOL.: CLIN. TOXICOL. vol. 33, no. 6, 1955. PY: 1955 LA: English PT: Book-Monograph IS: 0731-3810 DE: isotopes-; lead-; heavy-metals; children-; environmental-effects; USA,-Nebr aska,-Omaha; smelters-; man-; public-health; environmental-health AB: The objective was to determine, from analysis of the naturally occurring st able isotopes of lead, the relative contribution of food, handdust, housedust, s oil and air lead to the absorbed (urinary) lead and the blood lead of children l iving in a former smelter city. A longitudinal 12 month study was conducted of 2 1 children, 2-3 years of age, living in central Omaha, balanced for race, gender and socioeconomic status. Field clean samples were collected monthly of 24 hour duplicate diet, handwipe and urine, with quarterly blood lead, annual environme ntal lead, weekly air for total lead and super(206)Pb, super(207)Pb and super(20 8)Pb by thermal ionization/mass spectrometry with a super(205)Pb spike in a Clas s II laboratory. Despite residence in a smelter city each child had a unique iso topic ratio of handwipe, blood and urine lead, the latter being identical. There was no correlation of handwipe isotopic ratio with proximity to a lead emission source or to the decade of the housing stock. The isotopic ratio of the annual mean handwipe lead predicted 43% of the variance of the annual mean blood and ur ine lead ratio (r super(2) = 0.43; p = .001). Handwipe lead ratios correlated (p less than or equal to .05) with those of the windowsills and air ducts. The mea n isotopic ratios of blood and urine lead were lower than those of handwipe and food, consistent with a contribution by endogenous bone lead. Clean catch urine provides a noninvasive index of blood lead isotopic ratio in children, as in adu lts. AI: Yes DB: CSA SF: TOXA; HESA AN: 3829148 Record 40 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Risk evaluation of lead in soil groundwater at the H. Brown Superfund site in Walker, Michigan AU: Meadows-SD; Turnblom-SM; Hahne-TW; Prendiville-TJ; Hoddinott-KB AF: PRC Environ. Manage., Inc., 1907 Central Ave., Rm. 204, Los Alamos, NM 8754 4, USA CF: ASTM Symposium on Superfund Risk Assessment in Soil Contamination Studies, New Orleans, LA (USA), 30-31 Jan 1991 SO: SUPERFUND RISK ASSESSMENT IN SOIL CONTAMINATION STUDIES. ASTM, pp. 245-259, 1916 RACE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 ( ASTM 1916 RACE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 (USA) LA: English PT: Book-Monograph DE: heavy-metals; lead-; waste-disposal-sites; soil-contamination; groundwatercontamination; Superfund-; occupational-exposure; public-health; blood-analysis; USA,-Michigan,-Walker AB: A remedial investigation was conducted at a lead battery recycling facility in Walker, Michigan. The soil and groundwater are contaminated with high concen trations of lead. A baseline risk assessment was complicated by the lack of toxi city values for lead. The risk assessment compared on-site concentrations and wo rker blood levels of lead with concentrations and blood levels shown to results in adverse health effects. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Lead Uptake/

Biokinetic Model was also used to calculate potential blood lead levels in child ren on-site and in nearby neighborhoods. On-site exposures for workers, future r esidents, and workers adjacent to the site were concluded to be unacceptably hig h. For children in nearby neighborhoods the exposure do not appear to be signifi cant. AI: Yes DB: CSA SF: POLL; HESA AN: 3572066 Record 41 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Utilization of uptake biokinetic (UBK) lead model to assess risk in contami nated sites AU: Choudhury-H; Peirano-WB; Marcus-A; Elias-R; Griffin-S; DeRosa-CT; Hoddinott -KB AF: U.S. Environ. Prot. Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA CF: ASTM Symposium on Superfund Risk Assessment in Soil Contamination Studies, New Orleans, LA (USA), 30-31 Jan 1991 SO: SUPERFUND RISK ASSESSMENT IN SOIL CONTAMINATION STUDIES. ASTM, pp. 193-204, 1916 RACE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 ( ASTM 1916 RACE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 (USA) LA: English PT: Book-Monograph DE: heavy-metals; lead-; public-health; waste-disposal-sites; hazardous-wastes; blood-analysis AB: Lead is one of the major toxic contaminants of concern found at approximate ly 47% of the Superfund National Priority List (NPL) sites. Low level exposure t o lead has been shown to produce adverse effects on heme metabolism, serum vitam in D levels, mental and physical development of infants and children, and blood pressure in adults. Experimental and epidemiologic studies have indicated that b lood lead levels in the range of 10-15 mu g/dl, or possibly lower, are likely to produce subclinical toxicity. The U.S. EPA has developed the Uptake/Biokinetic Lead Model that provides a means for evaluating the relative contribution of var ious media to establishing blood lead levels. The model is flexible and versatil e and predicts mean blood lead levels and population distributions associated wi th multimedia exposure in children. This paper will present examples of NPL site exposure scenarios for lead and how the UBK lead model may be used for characte rization of potential health risks as a result of these exposure scenarios. AI: Yes DB: CSA SF: POLL; HESA AN: 3571784 Record 42 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Contribution of childhood ingestion of contaminated soil to lifetime carcin ogenic risk: Guidance for inclusion in risk assessment AU: Hixson-EJ; Jennings-RE; Smith-SA; Hoddinott-KB AF: Environ. Anal. Dep., Radian Corp., P.O. Box 201088, Austin, TX 78720-1088, USA CF: ASTM Symposium on Superfund Risk Assessment in Soil Contamination Studies, New Orleans, LA (USA), 30-31 Jan 1991 SO: SUPERFUND RISK ASSESSMENT IN SOIL CONTAMINATION STUDIES. ASTM, pp. 129-137, 1916 RACE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 ( ASTM 1916 RACE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 (USA) LA: English PT: Book-Monograph DE: children-; ingestion-; soils-; carcinogenicityAB: Risk assessment guidance usually addresses carcinogenic effects for adults

but not for children, because carcinogenic effects are presumed to require a lif etime to occur. However, because children may ingest significantly larger quanti ties of soil than adults, exposure to carcinogenic chemicals in soil may present higher risk to children than to adults. Using standard exposure assumptions, ta bles were constructed for screening soil concentrations to evaluate the level of carcinogenic risk resulting from ingestion of soil by children. Allowable conce ntrations of chemicals in soil were determined for selected chemicals for both c hildren and adults. The results indicated that soil concentrations that are prot ective for adults for the soil ingestion pathway may not be sufficiently protect ive for children; concentrations protective for children may be lower than those for adults by a factor of 3 to 7. AI: Yes DB: CSA SF: POLL; HESA AN: 3569263 Record 43 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Respiratory health effects of passive smoking: Lung cancer and other disord ers. AF: IAQ INFO, P.O. Box 37133, Washington, DC 20013-7133, USA SO: 15-pp. LA: English PT: Report CN: IAQ-0045 DE: lung-cancer; public-health; passive-smoking; mortality-; respiratory-system ; asthma-; air-pollution; pollution-effects; lung-; cancerAB: Based on the weight of the available scientific evidence, the U.S. Environm ental Protection Agency (EPA) has concluded that the widespread exposure to envi ronmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in the United States presents a serious and substa ntial public health impact. In adults : ETS is a human lung carcinogen, responsi ble for approximately 3,000 lung cancer deaths annually in U.S. nonsmokers. In c hildren : ETS exposure is causally associated with an increased risk of lower re spiratory tract infections (LRIs) such as bronchitis and pneumonia. This report estimates that 150,000 to 300,000 cases annually in infants and young children u p to 18 months of age are attributable to ETS; ETS exposure is causally associat ed with increased prevalence of fluid in the middle ear, symptoms of upper respi ratory tract irritation, and a small but significant reduction in lung function; ETS exposure is causally associated with additional episodes and increased seve rity of symptoms in children with asthma. This report estimates that 200,000 to 1,000,000 asthmatic children have their condition worsened by exposure to ETS; E TS exposure is a risk factor for new cases of asthma in children who have not pr eviously displayed symptoms. AI: Yes DB: CSA SF: TOXA AN: 3003967 Record 44 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: [Changes in the moisture and carotene contents and colour during storage of dehydrated puree for children.] AU: Khovanskaya-SS; Lemesheva-VN AF: Vses. Nauchno-issled. Inst. Konservnoi Promyshlennosti i Spetsial'noi Pishc hevoi Tekh., USSR SO: Konservnaya-i-Ovoshchesushil'naya-Promyshlennost' No. 10, 33-34, 1980. PY: 1980 LA: Russian DE: STORAGE-; baby-food-purees,-storage-changes-in-dehydrated DRIED-FOODS; baby-food-purees,-storage-changes-in-dehydrated

INFANT-FOODS; baby-food-purees,-storage-changes-in-dehydrated PULPS-; baby-food-purees,-storage-changes-in-dehydrated CAROTENES-; baby-food-purees,-carotene-&-packaging-of-stored-dehydrated PACKAGING-; baby-food-purees,-carotene-&-packaging-of-stored-dehydrated COLOUR-; baby-food-purees,-colour-of-stored-dehydrated AB: Formulations and technological processes were worked out for the production of purees consisting of numerous ingredients (fresh vegetables, meat and flour) and designated as baby food. Potatoes, carrots, pumpkins, beets, white cabbage, green peas, onions, meat, wheat flour and salt are the raw materials used. When the products were stored in combined polymer materials under vacuum, carotene c ontent dropped more quickly in paper-polythylene (PE) wrappers compared with cel lophane-metal-PE packages. High water contents resulted in more intensive chemic al changes, particularly carotene oxidation. When paper-PE wrappers were used th e colour of the products changed during 10 months of storage from bright yellow to grey, while the other packaging material had a favourable effect on the colou r of the product. AI: Yes DB: FSTA AN: 81-08-g0602 Record 45 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: A follow up study of fluorosis a decade after a change in the source of dri nking water; preliminary report. AU: Bagga-OP; Gupta-R; Gulati-PV; Goel-A AF: Lady Hardinge Med. Coll., New Delhi 110001, India SO: Fluoride, 13 (1) 25-30, 1980. NT: 10 ref. PY: 1980 LA: English DE: FLUORIDES-; foods,-F-detn.-in FLUORIDES-; buffalo-milk,-F-detn.-in FLUORIDES-; cereals,-F-detn.-in FLUORIDES-; vegetables,-F-detn.-in FLUORIDES-; drinking-water,-F-&-fluorosis-from FLUORIDES-; drinking-water,-F-detn.-in ANALYTICAL-TECHNIQUES; foods,-F-detn.-in MILK-; buffalo-milk,-F-detn.-in DISEASES-; drinking-water,-F-&-fluorosis-from BUFFALOES-; F-detn.-in-buffalo-milk CEREALS-; F-detn.-in-cereals VEGETABLES-; F-detn.-in-vegetables DRINKING-WATER; F-&-fluorosis-from-drinking-water DRINKING-WATER; F-detn.-in-drinking-water AB: The incidence of skeletal fluorosis and dental mottling in children of a vi llage (Bindapur) first provided with piped drinking water (0.63 p.p.m. F-) 10 yr previously, was studied. F- content of water, milk, food, soil and forage was d etermined (in triplicate for each sample), by the Orion fluoride electrode [Jour nal of the Laboratory of Clinical Medicine (1970) 75, 1020-1025] coupled to an i onometer. Buffalo milk contained 12.3-18.5 p.p.m. F-; boiling for 8 h increased this to 27.3. Cereals and legumes examined, i.e. wheat flour, whole wheat, rice, pulses, gram and beans contained 0.9, 0.7-0.87, 0.96, 0.4-0.6, 1.8, and 1.0 p.p .m. F-, resp. Vegetables, i.e. green leafy mustard, onion, mint, potato, garlic, and tomato contained 0.3-3.2, 0.21-0.29, 12.5, 2.8-6.3, 2.31-10.0 and 0.13-2.3 p.p.m. F-, resp. AI: Yes DB: FSTA AN: 81-08-a0454 Record 46 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981

TI: Health effects of ambient ozone on healthy children at a summer camp. AU: Spektor-DM; Lippmann-M AF: NYU Med. Cent., 550 First Ave., New York, NY 10016, USA CF: 83. Annual Meeting of the Air & Waste Management Association, Pittsburgh, P A (USA), 24-29 Jun 1990 SO: 83.-ANNUAL-MEETING-OF-THE-AIR-and-WASTE-MANAGEMENT-ASSOCIATION. p. 115. LA: English PT: Book-Monograph DE: ozone-; New-Jersey,-Fairview-Lake; particle-size; monitoring-measurements; childrenAB: During our 1988 Summer Field Study at the Y.M.C.A. sleep away camp in Fairv iew Lake, N.J., 35 children, 8 to 14 years old, underwent spirometric testing tw ice daily, in the morning, AM, and again in the late afternoon, PM, on at least 7 days. One hour average O sub(3) concentrations exceeded 120 ppb on 5 out of th e 27 camp days, and exceeded 150 ppb on 1 day. Regressions for the PM function m easurements on the prior 1-hr O sub(3) concentration yield mean slopes essential ly the same as those seen in our 1984 field study at the same camp. When functio n differences (D. = PM - AM), are regressed on the average O sub(3) concentratio n for that time period, the mean slopes are decreased in magnitude to values tha t are more consistent with the results from chamber studies than are those from the PM measurements alone. All mean slopes are much more negative when regressed on the most recent hour of exposure than on the average O sub(3) for the day, s uggesting a short term transient component to the effect besides the contributio n of the cumulative day's exposure. AI: Yes DB: CSA SF: POLL AN: 2265195 Record 47 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Ozone exposure and lung function in children attending a Southern Californi a summer camp. AU: Avol-E; Trim-S; Little-D; Spier-C; Smith-M; Peng-R; Linn-W; Hackney-J; Gros s-K; et-al AF: Rancho Los Amigos Med. Cent., 51MSB 7601 E. Imperial Highw., Downey, CA 902 42, USA CF: 83. Annual Meeting of the Air & Waste Management Association, Pittsburgh, P A (USA), 24-29 Jun 1990 SO: 83.-ANNUAL-MEETING-OF-THE-AIR-and-WASTE-MANAGEMENT-ASSOCIATION. p. 114. LA: English PT: Book-Monograph DE: lung-; children-; California,-Southern; public-health; air-quality; ozoneAB: To investigate possible health effects of multi-hour low-level ambient ozon e exposures, we studied 293 children, aged 8-17 yr, during summer 1988, in a cam p east of Los Angeles, CA. Ozone was the only pollutant of notable presence, rea ching 0.06-0.16 ppm during the day. Childrens' forced expiratory performance was measured each morning and afternoon. Statistically significant decreases in lun g function (FEV sub(1)) were recorded generally through mid-week, and with some improvement by Friday; peak flow rates generally improved across the week, with afternoon values higher than morning values. This trend in function was present regardless of air quality. Symptoms, activities, and heart rate/minute ventilati on rates were also carefully monitored. Observed time-dependent changes in lung function, unrelated to air quality suggest that care must be taken in future stu dy designs to separate time-related from exposure-related effects of field studi es. AI: Yes DB: CSA SF: POLL

AN: 2265172 Record 48 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Breakfast cereals - answers to nutrition and health issues. AU: Engstrom-A; Kern-M AF: Nutr. Dep., General Mills Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA SO: Cereal-Foods-World, 25 (4) 144-146, 1980. NT: 19 ref. PY: 1980 LA: English DE: NUTRITIONAL-VALUES; breakfast-cereals,-nutritional-values-of HEALTH-; breakfast-cereals,-safety-of CEREAL-PRODUCTS; breakfast-cereals,-nutritional-values-of CEREAL-PRODUCTS; breakfast-cereals,-safety-of AB: Aspects of the topic considered are: the relationship between eating readyto-eat (RTE) cereals and breakfast skipping; fortified RTE cereals and nutrient intake; nutritional value of RTE cereal; presweetened vs. ordinary cereals; and contribution of presweetened cereals to tooth decay and obesity. Tabulated data present: a nutritional comparison of presweetened and ordinary RTE cereals (incl uding % of recommended daily allowance in the USA); and the sugar consumed by ch ildren in ordinary and presweetened cereals. AI: Yes DB: FSTA AN: 81-07-m0646 Record 49 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Estimating childhood multi-media lead exposure: Expanded uptake/biokinetic model. AU: Cohen-J; Marcus-A; Elias-R AF: U.S. EPA, Off. Drinking Water, WH-550, Washington, DC 20460, USA CF: 83. Annual Meeting of the Air & Waste Management Association, Pittsburgh, P A (USA), 24-29 Jun 1990 SO: 83.-ANNUAL-MEETING-OF-THE-AIR-and-WASTE-MANAGEMENT-ASSOCIATION. p. 9. LA: English PT: Book-Monograph DE: children-; risk-assessment; air-quality-standards; kinetics-; leadAB: Despite significant reductions over the past decade, lead exposure continue s to be a problem for millions of children in the U.S. Minimizing further exposu re to lead from its numerous and diverse sources is a priority of various regula tory components of EPA as well as other Federal and State agencies. A critical s tep in assessing lead risks is estimation of childhood lead exposure in the futu re under alternative regulatory scenarios. Using a wide variety of year- and age -specific data on lead concentrations in multiple media, exposure and activity p atterns, absorption rates, and biokinetics, an integrated uptake/biokinetic mode l was developed by EPA in its review of the lead National Ambient Air Quality St andard. The model can estimate blood lead distributions among childhood populati ons over time. AI: Yes DB: CSA SF: POLL AN: 2261865 Record 50 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Some effects of feeding irradiated wheat. OT: (In 'Proceedings of National Symposia on Indirect effects of radiation in r elation to food preservation and protein metabolism in ruminants' [see FSTA (198 1) 13 6G382].)

AU: Srikantia-SG AF: Nat. Inst. of Nutr., Indian Council of Med. Res., Hyderabad-500007, India SO: pp.-1-3, 1978. NT: 9 ref. PY: 1978 LA: English PT: Lecture DE: HEALTH-; wheat,-health-hazards-from-irradiated IRRADIATION-; wheat,-health-hazards-from-irradiated WHEAT-; health-hazards-from-irradiated-wheat AB: Experiments with rats and mice show that consumption of irradiated wheat wa s associated with an increase in the frequency of polyploid cells and an impaire d immune competence. In monkeys and children, feeding of irradiated wheat was as sociated with the appearance of abnormal cells following the culture of peripher al lymphocytes. These effects were not seen if irradiated wheat was stored for a period of 12 wk before it was consumed. Although the precise health hazard of i ncreased polyploid cells is not known, it would appear prudent to store the irra diated wheat for 3 months before consumption. AI: Yes DB: FSTA AN: 81-06-m0559 Record 51 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Large outbreak of Campylobacter enteritis among schoolchildren. AU: Yanagisawa-S AF: Dep. of Paediatrics, Dai-ichi Hospital, Ogori, Yamaguchi, 754 Japan SO: Lancet, 2 (8186) 153, 1980. NT: 1 ref. PY: 1980 LA: English DE: VIBRIO-; school-meals,-Campylobacter-enteritis-from INSTITUTIONS-; school-meals,-Campylobacter-enteritis-from MEALS-; school-meals,-Campylobacter-enteritis-from POISONING-; school-meals,-Campylobacter-enteritis-from AB: A brief account is given of an outbreak of Campylobacter enteritis in schoo lchildren in Japan. A total of 2500 children (6-15 yr of age) at 2 schools recei ved a school lunch of bread, pasteurized cows' milk, oranges and vinegared pork with vegetables. 800 children showed symptoms of enteritis, a higher proportion of younger than of older children being affected. Campylobacter spp. was isolate d from stool samples from affected children, and from 2 stool specimens from sym ptom-free staff at the food preparation centre. No evidence of transmission of t he infection to household contacts of the patients was observed. The contaminate d food was not identified; the vinegared pork was, however, suspected. AI: Yes DB: FSTA AN: 81-06-c0208 Record 52 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Incidence of developmental handicaps among the offspring of men treated for testicular seminoma. AU: Fried-P; Steinfeld-R; Casileth-B; Steinfeld-A AF: Div. Radiat. Oncol., NYU Med. Cent., 566 First Ave., New York, NY 10016, US A CF: Workshop on Early Detection of Testicular Cancer, Copenhagen (Denmark), Nov 1986 SO: CARCINOMA-IN-SITU-AND-CANCER-OF-THE-TESTIS. pp. 385-387. LA: English PT: Journal-Article

DE: radiotherapy-; teratogenicity-; man-; side-effects AB: Although the issue of fertility in patients successfully treated for testic ular seminoma seems to be resolved, it remains to be determined whether these pa tients can father normal, healthy children. At NYU Medical Center the authors ha ve surveyed the patients treated between 1969 and 1984 who were treated with rad iotherapy for testicular seminomas. The survey requested information regarding t he qualitative development in offspring produced before and after radiation trea tments. In the 33 patients responding they were unable to find any detrimental e ffect, either emotionally, physically, or developmentally in offspring sired by fathers following radiation therapy for testing seminoma. AI: Yes DB: CSA SF: TOXA AN: 1728870 Record 53 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Shielding factors and external dose evaluation. AU: Jacob-P; Meckbach-R AF: Inst. Strahlenschutz, Gesellsch. Strahlen- und Umweltforsch., D-8042 Neuher berg, FRG CF: Workshop of Accidental Contamination of the Urban Environment, Roskilde (De nmark), 9-12 Jun 1987 SO: RADIAT.-PROT.-DOSIM. vol. 21, no. 1-3, pp. 79-85. LA: English PT: Journal-Article DE: simulation-; contamination-; gamma-radiation; buildingsAB: The kerma in typical European houses in urban and suburban environments due to the gamma radiation from the contamination of different deposition areas suc h as lawns, trees, windows, walls, roofs, paved areas, light-shafts and internal surfaces has been calculated by extensive Monte Carlo simulations. The indoor k erma has been determined for different contamination patterns, one week and one year after a deposition of radionuclides. It turned out that shielding factors, defined as the ratio of the indoor exposure to the exposure over lawns, are rela tively independent of time but are different for dry and wet deposition. The imp ortance of the deposition areas "trees" and "internal surfaces" is stressed. For outdoor exposures the doses to children are enhanced by up to 80% compared with adults. AI: Yes DB: CSA SF: POLL; HESA AN: 1683710 Record 54 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: CDC update: Environmental public health -- lead guidelines and report. AU: Simpson-JM AF: Cent. Environ. Health, Cent. Dis. Control, Atlanta, GA, USA CF: 2. Annual National Preventive Medicine Meeting--Prevention '85: Assessing R isks in a Hazardous World, Atlanta, GA (USA), 28-31 Mar 1985 SO: PREVENTION '85, p. 21, 1015 15TH STREET, NW, SUITE 403, WASHINGTON, DC 2000 5 ( PREVENTION '85 1015 15TH STREET, NW, SUITE 403, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 (USA) LA: English PT: Book-Monograph DE: public-health; lead-; blood-analysis; federal-programs; toxicityAB: Some major changes in the 1985 Statement are (1) an elevated blood lead is defined as 25 mu g/dl of whole blood or greater rather than 30 mu g/dl or greate r; (2) lead toxicity is defined as an elevated blood lead level and an elevated erythrocyte protoporphyrin (EP) of 35 mu g/dl or greater rather than 50 mu g/dl or greater; (3) ideally, all children from 9 months to 6 years of age should be

tested; (4) greater reliance is placed on the calcium disodium EDTA mobilization test in determining whether a full course of chelation therapy is indicated. AI: Yes DB: CSA SF: POLL; HESA AN: 1138323 Record 55 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Primary prevention of chronic disease among school children. AU: Walter-HJ AF: Am. Health Found., New York, NY, USA CF: 2. Annual National Preventive Medicine Meeting--Prevention '85: Assessing R isks in a Hazardous World, Atlanta, GA (USA), 28-31 Mar 1985 SO: PREVENTION '85, p. 19, 1015 15TH STREET, NW, SUITE 403, WASHINGTON, DC 2000 5 ( PREVENTION '85 1015 15TH STREET, NW, SUITE 403, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 (USA) LA: English PT: Book-Monograph DE: children-; diseases-; risk-assessment; nutrition-; statistical-analysis AB: The "Know Your Body" studies are two longitudinal intervention studies in c hronic disease prevention conducted concurrently among two demographically dissi milar populations of schoolchildren. The objective of the studies is to determin e the effectiveness of a teacher-delivered, behaviorally-oriented health educati on program in reducing the severity, prevalence and incidence of risk factors fo r chronic disease among 9 to 14-year-old children. The risk factors targeted for intervention are cigarette smoking, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, obesity , physical inactivity and alcohol abuse. The educational program focuses on nutr ition, physical fitness and substance abuse prevention. The sample populations a re 2000 children in the Bronx, NY (50% black, 25% white, 25% Hispanic) and 1500 children in Westchester County, NY (90% white, 10% other). The paper will presen t the results in both populations after 3 years of intervention, which include s tatistically significant increases in health knowledge scores, and decreases in whole milk consumption, cigarette smoking and mean levels of blood total cholest erol levels, among intervention subjects compared to control subjects within eac h sample population. AI: Yes DB: CSA SF: HESA AN: 1138257 Record 56 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: T sub(4) levels in methylxanthine-treated premature newborns. AU: Sourgens-H; Staib-AH; Bielicki-M; von-Loewenich-V AF: Inst. Pharmakol. und Toxikol., Univ. Muenster, Domagkstr. 12, 4400 Muenster , FRG SO: PEDIATR.-PHARMACOL. vol. 3, no. 3-4, pp. 267-272. LA: English PT: Journal-Article DE: methylxanthines-; infants-; thyroxine-; man-; treatment-; premature-; effec ts-on; serum-levels; lack-of AB: The study described here was carried out in an attempt to clarify whether t reatment of premature children with methylxanthines has adverse effects on thyro id function. The results are as follows: There is no significant correlation bet ween caffeine- and theophylline-concentrations and circulating T sub(4) levels i n single blood specimen of unselected premature infants. In none of the infants was a low T sub(4)-serum value accompanied by a rise in serum TSH during methylx anthine treatment. Thus methylxanthines are not associated with the induction of primary hypothyroidism but the possibility of tertiary hypothyroidism cannot be excluded. In order to avoid adverse effects on thyroid function the lowest ther

apeutically active dose should be chosen. AI: Yes DB: CSA SF: TOXA AN: 1132904 Record 57 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Ontario blood lead study, 1984 rationale, methods, implications. AU: Smith-LF AF: Public Health Branch, Ontario Minist. Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada CF: 32. Ontario Industrial Waste Conference, Toronto, Ont. (Canada), 16-19 Jun 1985 SO: 32.-ONTARIO-INDUSTRIAL-WASTE-CONFERENCE. pp. 313-319. LA: English PT: Book-Monograph DE: lead-; public-health; toxicity-; children-; risk-assessment; statistical-an alysis AB: The Ontario Blood Lead Study, funded jointly by the Ontario Ministries of H ealth, Labour and Environment, measures the blood lead concentrations of nearly 1,400 children ages six and under in representative, non-point-source areas of u rban, suburban, and rural Ontario. The study also conducts house-hold interviews on a stratified random sub-sample of 800 children to determine the presence of a variety of potential risk factors for blood lead. Environmental profiles are c reated for lead in air, soil and water in each residential area studied and the relationship of area traffic density to blood lead is examined. Statistical mode ls determine the potential contribution of multiple risk factors to varying leve ls of blood lead in children. AI: Yes DB: CSA SF: POLL AN: 1099934 Record 58 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Environmental pollutants in freshwater algae from open-air mass cultures. AU: Payer-HD; Runkel-KH AF: Abteilung fuer Algenforschung & Algentech. Gesellschaft fuer Strahlen- & Um weltforschung mbH Muenchen, Bunsen-Kirchoff-Str. 13, D-4600 Dortmund 1, Federal Republic of Germany SO: Ergebnisse-der-Limnologie, 11, 184-198, 1978. NT: 22 ref. PY: 1978 LA: English PT: Lecture DE: CULTURE-; algae,-culture-open-air-&-pollutants-contamination-of ENVIRONMENT-; algae,-culture-open-air-&-pollutants-contamination-of POLLUTION-; algae,-culture-open-air-&-pollutants-contamination-of CONTAMINATION-; algae,-culture-open-air-&-pollutants-contamination-of ALGAE-; culture-open-air-&-pollutants-contamination-of-algae AB: Contamination of algae with 8 inorganic and 6 organic pollutants was studie d and related to intake of such pollutants by humans (results tabulated). The 5 most important pollutants were As, Pb, Cd, Hg and 3,4-benzopyrene, and results s howed that algae had generally less of these than normally used vegetables. Acce ptability data showed that up to 20 g/day of alga will be eaten, and at such lev els the intake of pollutants is below the FAO tolerance limits. Long term accept ability tests used even less algae/day and levels could not be harmful, even to children. [See FSTA (1981) 13 39187.] AI: Yes DB: FSTA

AN: 81-03-g0231 Record 59 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: (Human health and mangroves.). OT: Salud humana y manglares AU: Barreto-P AF: Univ. del Valle, Dep. Microbiologia, Cali, Colombia CA: UNESCO, Montevideo (Uruguay). ROSTLAC. CF: Seminar on Scientific Study and Human Impact on the Mangrove Ecosystem, Cal i (Colombia), 27 Nov 1978 SO: (MEMOIRS-OF-THE-SEMINAR-ON-THE-SCIENTIFIC-STUDY-AND-HUMAN-IMPACT-ON-THE-MAN GROVE-ECOSYSTEM.). MEMORIAS DEL SEMINARIO SOBRE EL ESTUDIO CIENTIFICO E IMPACTO HUMANO EN EL ECOSISTEMA DE MANGLARES. pp. 308-312, 1980. PY: 1980 LA: Spanish PT: Book-Monograph IB: 9230018104 DE: mangrove-swamps; diseases-; public-health; sociological-aspects; ISE,-Colom bia AB: The Pacific lowlands of Colombia are sparsely populated. Respiratory and ga strointestinal diseases are common, especially in local children, with correspon ding high morbidity and mortality rates. Numerous efficient insect vectors assur e the maintenance of malaria, several vireses, filarial infections and leishmani asis. Other species of blood-feeding Arthropoda are so common in some areas as t o affect both health and livelihood of mangrove zone visitors or residents. AI: Yes DB: CSA SF: ASFA AN: 0864589 Record 60 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Sugar and oral health: epidemiology in humans. OT: (In 'Health and sugar substitutes' [see FSTA (1981) 13 2T56].) AU: Marthaler-TM AF: Dep. of Cariology, Dental Inst., Univ. of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland SO: pp.-27-34, 1979. NT: 25 ref. PY: 1979 LA: English PT: Lecture DE: DISEASES-; sugar,-dental-caries-&-consumption-of SUGAR-; dental-caries-&-consumption-of-sugar AB: A high incidence of dental caries in developed countries is clearly linked to sugar consumption. The evidence is presented in data (for 1959) showing per c apita sugar consumption in 19 countries and the incidence of dental caries in ch ildren aged 11-12 yr. Other data reveal a rapid increase of caries in developing countries following recent increased consumption of sugar, sugar confections, s nack foods and soft drinks, in place of primitive diets e.g. starchy foods in Af rica, caribou and fish by Eskimos. A similar trend has developed in some Europea n countries, e.g. Hungary where per capita sugar consumption has risen from 24 t o 37 kg/yr. Some individuals develop few or no decayed teeth, frequently those w ho eat starchy foods in place of sugar. Frequency of sugar intake is a more pote nt cause of caries than the actual amount consumed. AI: Yes DB: FSTA AN: 81-02-t0114 Record 61 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981

TI: [Plant for producing liquid milk foods for children.] AU: Gerasimenko-VL; Eres-ko-G; Zinov-ev-YuYa; Andreevskaya-LV; Onoprienko-VV AF: Vses. Nauchno-issled. Inst. Molochnoi Promyshlennosti, Moscow, USSR SO: Molochnaya-Promyshlennost' No. 3, 35-39, 1980. NT: 3 ref. PY: 1980 LA: Russian DE: EQUIPMENT-; dairy-products,-packaging-machines-for-infant-food PACKAGING-; dairy-products,-packaging-machines-for-infant-food INFANT-FOODS; dairy-products,-packaging-machines-for-infant-food DAIRY-PRODUCTS; packaging-machines-for-infant-food-dairy-products AB: Information is given on equipment for the manufacture of dairy products for children, dealing particularly with bottling machines for narrow-neck0.2-l glas s bottles with capacities of generally 3000 unit/h, and packaging machines for o peration under almost aseptic conditions. A system for this purpose is described in which the product, treated at a very high temp., passes through an aseptic t ank into a chamber with sterile air supply where it is filled into sterilized 0. 2-l glass bottles and the bottles are closed before being labelled after being d ischarged from the chamber. AI: Yes DB: FSTA AN: 81-02-p0289 Record 62 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Postmortem pathological epidemiologic study of environmental lung disease i n the young. AU: Kleinerman-J; Rice-DB AF: Dep. Pathol. Res. St. Luke's Hosp. and Case Western Reserve Univ. Cleveland , OH CF: Conf. Public Contr. Environ. Health Hazards, New York, N.Y. (USA), 28-30 Ju n 1978 SO: ANN.-N.Y.-ACAD.-SCI. vol. 329, pp. 61-74, 1979. PY: 1979 LA: English PT: Journal-Article DE: pathology-; epidemiology-; dust-; respiratory-diseases; bronchitis-; childr enAB: The relationship of environmental agents to the development of Chronic Obst ructive Lung Disease (COLD) in man is well established in the adult. Prolonged c igarette smoking, exposure to high levels of ambient pollution, and long exposur es to occupational dusts are among the more important environmental factors reco gnized as hazards. In Great Britain and in the United States there is evidence t hat the symptoms of bronchitis and upper respiratory disease, and even functiona l changes, occur more frequently among the young who are residents of locales wi th high concentrations of air pollutants. These studies suggest that the beginni ng of bronchitis, and possibly obstructive lung disease in general, may be found in the childhood years. Almost all of these studies have been epidemiologic, cl inical or functional, and virtually no anatomic studies of the origins and early stages of COLD are available. Anatomic studies of the early stages of COLD are difficult because obstructive lung disease is not fatal and the lesions may be e ntirely reversible early in the course of the disease. AI: Yes DB: CSA SF: HESA AN: 0556482 Record 63 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981

TI: Epidemiological Aspects of Human Zinc Deficiency. AU: Casey-CE; Hambidge-KM AF: Dep. Pediatr., Univ. Colorado Med. Cent., Denver, CO, USA SO: IN ZINC IN THE ENVIRON., PT. 2: HEALTH EFFECTS . JOHN WILEY & SONS, 605 THI RD AVE., NEW YORK, NY 10016, pp. 1-27, 1980. JOHN WILEY & SONS 605 THIRD AVE., N EW YORK, NY 10016 PY: 1980 LA: English PT: Book-Monograph DE: zinc-; nutrition-; public-health; epidemiologyAB: Marginal zinc deficiency appears to occur more readily in certain groups, t he most "at risk" being infants and young children. Many reports of deficiency i n this age groups have come from the United States. This apparently higher incid ence may represent a greater amount of research in this country than elsewhere, although reports from Sweden, West Germany, and New Zealand suggest that childre n in these countries enjoy better zinc status. Other occurrences of low zinc sta tus in young children have been observed in conjunction with PCM. It seems likel y that most children with PCM have some degree of zinc depletion,but its effects are masked by the general picture of malnutrition. Old age, pregnancy, lactatio n, and alcoholism are also associated with higher incidence of poor zinc nutriti on. Again, such observations have been made mainly in the United States; but as workers elsewhere become aware of the problem, it will undoubtedly be recognized in other countries as well. AI: Yes DB: CSA SF: POLL; HESA AN: 0270947 Record 64 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Pacific Northwest Laboratory Monthly Activities Report for March 1967. AF: Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA. CA: Department of Energy, Washington, DC. SO: Govt-Reports-Announcements-&-Index-(GRA&I),-Issue-19,-1995 NT: NTIS Prices: PC A05/MF A01 NTIS/DE95009505, 84p PY: 1967 CN: BNWL-424, Contract AC06-76RL01830 DE: Children-; Columbia-River; GE-Standard-Reactor; Hanford-Reservation; Transd ucers,-Battelle-Pacific-Northwest-Laboratories,-Environmental-Effects,-Environme ntal-Exposure,-Fabrication,-Personnel-Dosimetry,-Radioactive-Effluents,-ReactorSafety,-Uranium-235,-Whole-Body-Counting AB: TD3: This document is a Pacific Northwest Laboratory Monthly Activities Rep ort for March 1967, for the Division of Production and Hanford Plant Assistance Programs. Included in this report are brief status reports on the following prog rams: (1) Direct AEC Sponsored Programs including Columbia River studies, wholebody measurements of Richland school children, field tests using the U(sup 235) Analyzer, and criticality studies (2) Assistance to Douglas United Nuclear inclu ding transducer development studies, design of a simulated fuel column, and proc ess technology (3) Assistance to General Electric N-Reactor Department including various fuel element studies, N-process tube scratching studies, and other reac tor-related tests and simulations (4) Assistance to Isochem including experiment al studies on corrosion, separations instrumentation, etc. and (5) Technical Ass istance to the Hanford Plant including programs on environmental evaluations, do simetry studies, and instrumentation services. Declassified. Sponsored by Depart ment of Energy, Washington, DC. AI: Yes DB: TOX SF: NTIS AN: NTIS-DE95009505

Record 65 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Pacific Northwest Laboratory monthly activities report, July 1966. AU: Fawcett-SL; Albaugh-FW; Paul-RS AF: Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA. CA: Department of Energy, Washington, DC. SO: Govt-Reports-Announcements-&-Index-(GRA&I),-Issue-01,-1995 NT: NTIS Prices: PC A04/MF A01 NTIS/DE94014392, 58p PY: 1966 CN: BNWL-302, Contract AC06-76RL01830 DE: HAPO-; Environmental-Impacts,-Biology,-Children,-Fuel-Elements,-Meteorology ,-N-Reactor,-Personnel-Dosimetry,-Progress-Report,-Radiation-Doses,-Radiation-Pr otection,-Research-Programs,-Zircaloy-2 AB: TD3: Direct AEC sponsored programs report that: a new mathematical simulati on model to handle reactor effluent dispersion was started, final arrangements w ere concluded for the proposed test of the effectiveness of activated carbon for inorganic ion removal at the Richland Water Plant, the whole body counter used to measure the burdens of radionuclides in Richland school children is being cal ibrated for persons of small size and with different weight to height ratios; co ntrolled intake of oysters that have accumulated zinc-65 is being used as one ph ase of this calibration. Assistance to Douglas United Nuclear is reported for mi ssions 1, 10, 11, 13, and 14. Topics discussed here include: diffusion bonding o f nickel-aluminium, PCTR experiments, code development, aluminium jacketed urani um fuel elements, and radiochemical analysis of radioarsenic in effluents. The G eneral Electric N-Reactor department reports on:analysis and theoretical interpr etation for ice and water, radiometallurgical examination on Al canned targets c ontaining ceramic cores, inspection of irradiated zircaloy-2 clad fuel rods,reso nance absorption cross section calculations, and visual inspection of Inconel st eam generator tubes. Isochem reports on: dissolution of zircaloy studies, subcri tical neutron interaction experiments, carbon monoxide disproportionation on exp osure to bismuth oxide, dissolution rates of British alloys in nitric acid, Sr a nd rare earth presence in Purex acid wastes, and recovery of Pu form sump wastes . Vitro Engineering reports that consultation services were provided on hydrodyn amical theory pertaining to design of hydraulic line elbows. The Hanford Occupat ional Health Foundation prepares to interpret batteries of personnel tests. Tech nical assistance from the atmospheric sciences section, environmental studies se ction, dosimetry technology section, personnel dosimetry section and biology dep artment are given. (GHH) Progress rept. Declassified. Sponsored by Department of Energy, Washington, DC. AI: Yes DB: TOX SF: NTIS AN: NTIS-DE94014392 Record 66 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Occurrence of M-proteins in the CSF of a child with prolonged meningococcal meningitis. AU: Siemes-H; Siegert-M; Aldenhoff-P AF: Klinische und Experimentelle Plasmaproteinforschung, Freien Universitat, Be rlin. SO: J-Clin-Lab-Immunol; VOL 2, ISS 1, 1979, P31-6 PY: 1979 LA: English PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE IS: 0141-2760 JC: J3K MJME: Immunoglobulins-cerebrospinal-fluid; Meningitis,-Meningococcal-cerebrospi

nal-fluid MIME: Adolescence-; Case-Report; Cerebrospinal-Fluid-cytology; Dexamethasone-ad verse-effects; Electrophoresis-; Human-; Infant-; Leukocyte-Count; Male-; Mening itis,-Bacterial-cerebrospinal-fluid; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov'-t RN: 0; 0; 50-02-2 AB: CSF of a 4-month-old boy with prolonged, meningococcal meningitis revealed oligoclonal immunoglobulin G about 10 weeks after hospital admission. These prot eins persisted for at least 4 months. In contrast to this child, a further 10 in fants and young children with bacterial meningitis, whose CSF was examined betwe en 4 weeks and 6 3/4 months subsequent to onset of the disease, showed no such a bnormality. Since the presented boy was the only patient treated with a corticos teroid, his altered immune reaction could be related to the immunosuppressive ef fect of this drug. AI: Yes DB: TOX SF: TOXBIB AN: TOXBIB-95-018120 Record 67 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Pacific Northwest Laboratory monthly activities report, January 1968. AU: Albaugh-FW AF: Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA. CA: Department of Energy, Washington, DC. SO: Govt-Reports-Announcements-&-Index-(GRA&I),-Issue-23,-1994 NT: NTIS Prices: PC A05/MF A01 NTIS/DE94012039, 89p PY: 1968 CN: BNWL-696, Contract AC06-76RL01830 DE: Adolescents-; Columbia-River; HAPO-; Radiation-Doses,-Progress-Report,-Radi oactive-Effluents,-Radioactive-Waste-Management,-Research-Programs,-TemperatureMeasurement; Birds,-EDB/220600,-EDB/560101,-EDB/540330 AB: TD3: Analysis of Columbia River temperature trends indicates conformity wit h those previously reported. Despite unusually high average temperatures, the te mperatures of the upper and lower extremes continued to converge on the mean. Th e construction of the John Day Dam is expected to have little temperature effect other than a delay of ten days in the timing of the annual temperature peak. Me asurements of radioactivity in 465 children were completed at the third Pasco el ementary school on January 12. Whole-body counting at the fourth school began on January 24, following lectures to the staff and 17 classrooms. The whole-body c ounter was recalibrated for K(sup 40) and Zn(sup 65) in late January. Only small modifications in the calibration factors over those currently employed are expe cted. Washington State Game Department personnel have supplied sufficient pheasa nt and quail samples shot near the Columbia River for comparison of radionuclide content between species and collection of these samples has been discontinued. The Department of Game continues to supply ''road-kills'' for radiochemical anal ysis in exchange for x-ray data on the number of birds which contain shot. A gam e-bird questionnaire for mailing to a statistical sample of Tri-City hunting lic ense holders was drafted in January. Progress rept. Declassified. Sponsored by D epartment of Energy, Washington, DC. AI: Yes DB: TOX SF: NTIS AN: NTIS-DE94012039 Record 68 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Pacific Northwest Laboratory monthly activities report, October 1967. AU: Albaugh-FW AF: Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.

CA: Department of Energy, Washington, DC. SO: Govt-Reports-Announcements-&-Index-(GRA&I),-Issue-23,-1994 NT: NTIS Prices: PC A04/MF A01 NTIS/DE94012038, 69p PY: 1967 CN: BNWL-620, Contract AC06-76RL01830 DE: Adolescents-; Columbia-River; HAPO-; Radiation-Doses,-Dosimetry,-Progress-R eport,-Radiation-Protection,-Research-Programs,-Temperature-Measurement AB: TD3: The results of a statistical study of Columbia River temperature trend s were released on October 18 at the Sixth WSU Hydraulics Conference. The new Jo hn Day reservoir is under study for possible beneficial effects on flow regulati on. Measurements of radioactivity in 396 children were completed at Captain Gray elementary school, Pasco, Washington on October 19, 1967. Measurements began at the Emerson elementary school in Pasco on October 24, 1967, following lectures to the teaching staff and to each of the 18 classrooms in grades 1 through 6. Co mputer programming was started in October to determine the frequency distributio n, mean, and median values of the environmental radiation dose values calculated last month from several thousand individual adult diet records. Response or gam e bird hunter-employees to a request for participation in a survey of game bird kills during the current season has been disappointing in spite of several artic les in the project newspapers. Progress rept. Declassified. Sponsored by Departm ent of Energy, Washington, DC. AI: Yes DB: TOX SF: NTIS AN: NTIS-DE94012038 Record 69 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Pacific Northwest Laboratory monthly activities report, October 1968. AF: General Electric Co., Richland, WA. Hanford Atomic Products Operation. CA: Department of Energy, Washington, DC. SO: Govt-Reports-Announcements-&-Index-(GRA&I),-Issue-22,-1994 NT: NTIS Prices: PC A05 NTIS/DE94012533, 87p PY: 1968 CN: BNWL-925, Contract AC06-76RL01830 DE: Radiation-Monitoring; Columbia-River; HAPO-; Steam-Generators,-Adolescents, -Industrial-Radiography,-Progress-Report,-Research-Programs,-Temperature-Measure ment,-Water-Quality,-Welded-Joints AB: TD3: Spot-radiographs, per Combustion Engineering instructions, on the head -to-shell weld, No. 160-4, on steam generator No. 4B have been completed. No wel d discontinuities in excess of specification limitations were detected. Radiogra phy on the 10-foot diameter head-to-shell weld, No. 160-4, on steam generator No . 4B, cell 4, 109-N Building, 100-N Area has been completed after stress relief. The weld complied with the requirements of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section III (Nuclear Vessels), 1968 Edition. Whole-body counts were obtain ed on 506 children of the Fruitland School in Kennewick. These measurements will be related to foods the students ate as indicated by diet records. It now appea rs that the relative merits of monitoring river temperatures at 100-F vs. Richla nd in relation to State standards will be more dependent upon the extent to whic h power levels may have to be reduced than upon the number of days out of the ye ar when such reductions are necessary. Progress rept. Declassified. Sponsored by Department of Energy, Washington, DC. AI: Yes DB: TOX SF: NTIS AN: NTIS-DE94012533 Record 70 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981

TI: Pacific Northwest Laboratory monthly activities report, February 1968. AU: Albaugh-FW AF: Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA. CA: Department of Energy, Washington, DC. SO: Govt-Reports-Announcements-&-Index-(GRA&I),-Issue-22,-1994 NT: NTIS Prices: PC A05 NTIS/DE94012037, 83p PY: 1968 CN: BNWL-721, Contract AC06-76RL01830 DE: Radiation-Doses; Columbia-River; HAPO,-Adolescents,-Progress-Report,-Radioa ctive-Materials,-Radioactive-Waste-Management,-Research-Programs,-Temperature-Me asurement AB: TD3: Measurements of radioactivity in 277 children were completed at the fo urth Pasco Elementary School on February 16. Whole-body counting of children at the fifth elementary school began on February 21, following lectures to 12 class rooms in grades one through six. Analysis of pheasants, quail and chukar shot lo cally revealed that only birds collected in the vicinity of the Columbia River c ontained detectable P(sup 32) and Zn(sup 65). In decreasing order of concentrati ons the three species ranked chukar > pheasant > quail. Heads of the birds consi stently contained more of these two radionuclides than the edible flesh by facto rs varying up to 20. A ca5% sample of local hunters was drawn from Washington St ate Game Department records in February. A questionnaire designed to gather data on hunting and consumption of game birds by local residents will be mailed to t hese 657 people in March. The results will aid in defining the importance of gam e-bird consumption to local environmental radiation doses. Diet distributions of Richland and Benton City elementary school pupils were computed this month. Con sumptions of various foods were determined for various age groups of boys and of girls. Progress rept. Declassified. Sponsored by Department of Energy, Washingt on, DC. AI: Yes DB: TOX SF: NTIS AN: NTIS-DE94012037 Record 71 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Determinations of Organ or Tissue Doses to Survivors in Hiroshima and Nagas aki. AU: Hashizume-T; Maruyama-T; Nishizawa-K; Noda-Y; Fukuhisa-K; Takeda-E AF: Div. Physics, Nat. Inst. Radiol. Sci., 9-1, Anagawa 4-chome, Chibashi 260, Japan SO: J.-RADIAT.-RES. vol. 21, no. 3-4, pp. 213-230, 1980. PY: 1980 LA: English PT: Journal-Article DE: dosage-; gamma-radiation; neutron-radiation; man-; estimationAB: For the purpose of risk estimates from radiation carcinogenesis including l eukemogenesis and radiation genetic effects, the biological significant dose is not the tissue kerma in air but the absorbed dose in organ or tissue with respec t to carcinogenic and leukemogenic effects or genetic effects. In order to estim ate organ or tissue dose from the tissue kerma in air, a ratio of the organ or t issue dose to the tissue kerma in air for survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki wa s calcuated. The resultant ratios are tabulated as a function of incident angles on survivors for gammarays and neutrons. The ratios for neutrons were categoriz ed according to the type of interaction of neutrons with tissue elements. It is noted that the ratios for survivors exposed as children and juveniles were signi ficantly higher than those for survivors exposed as adults. AI: Yes DB: CSA

SF: TOXA AN: 0185456 Record 72 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Intoxication With Pyrazolones. AU: Okonek-S AF: Ctr. Detoxification & poisons Information, II Med. Clin., Univ. Mainz, D-65 Mainz, FRG SO: BR.-J.-CLIN.-PHARMACOL. vol. 10, no. Suppl. 2, pp. 385S-390S, 1980. PY: 1980 LA: English PT: Journal-Article DE: propyphenazone-; dipyrone-; phenylbutazone-; oxyphenbutazone-; man-; intoxi cation-; analgesics-; childrenAB: About 50 severe or fatal (mostly accidental) cases of intoxication in child ren by pyrazolones have been reported in the German literature of the past 59 ye ars. Characteristic symptoms are impaired consciousness progressing to coma and convulsions. In addition, sudden apnoea and cardiac arrest may occur. Hepatic le sions may develop after a latent period of 12-24 hours. Haemoperfusion seems to be the only therapeutic measure which is able to reduce the total body load of a ll pyrazolones to a toxicologically relevant extent. Actual clinico-toxicologica l data from poisoned patients are not available as yet; however, distribution vo lumes, plasma half-lives and endogenous plasma clearances as well as removal kin etics in vitro of aminophenazone (aminopyrine), propyphenazone, metamizole (dipy rone), phenylbutazone and oxyphenbutazone as point to the efficacy of haemoperfu sion with amberlite XAD-4 resin. AI: Yes DB: CSA SF: TOXA AN: 0184666 Record 73 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Use of available dosage forms of cephalexin in clinical comparison with phe noxymethyl penicillin and benzathine penicillin in the treatment of streptococca l pharyngitis in children. AU: Matsen-JM; Torstenson-O; Siegel-SE; Bacaner-H SO: Antimicrob-Agents-Chemother; VOL 6, ISS 4, 1974, P501-6 PY: 1974 LA: English PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE IS: 0066-4804 JC: 6HK MJME: Cephalexin-administration-and-dosage; Penicillin-G,-Benzathine-administra tion-and-dosage; Penicillin-V-administration-and-dosage; Pharyngitis-drug-therap y; Streptococcal-Infections-drug-therapy MIME: Administration,-Oral; Adolescence-; Antistreptolysin-; Bacteriological-Te chniques; Cephalexin-adverse-effects; Child-; Child,-Preschool; Comparative-Stud y; Female-; Follow-Up-Studies; Human-; Injections,-Intramuscular; Male-; Microbi al-Sensitivity-Tests; Pharyngitis-microbiology; TitrimetryAI: No DB: TOX SF: TOXBIB AN: TOXBIB-94-028838 Record 74 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Hepatotoxicity of Mild Analgesics. AU: Prescott-LF

AF: Univ. Dept. Ther. Clini. Pharmacol., Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, Scotland SO: BR.-J.-CLIN.-PHARMACOL. vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 373S-379S, 1980. PY: 1980 LA: English PT: Journal-Article DE: analgesics-; liver-diseases; side-effects; aspirin-; paracetamol-; phenacet in-; phenylbutazone-; manAB: Hepatotoxicity is rare when mild analgesics are used in normal therapeutic doses. Salicylate hepatitis is often asymptomatic, and may only be revealed by f inding elevated levels of aminotransferases. Most cases have occurred in childre n or young adults with connective tissue diseases, who take high doses of salicy lates for long periods. Hepatic injury is not recognized as a complication of ac ute aspirin poisoning. Following overdosage of paracetamol, a toxic intermediate d metabolite causes acute hepatic necrosis which may be fatal. The chronic thera peutic use of paracetamol should be considered a potential but very rare cause o f active chronic hepatitis. There is no clear evidence of phenacetin hepatotoxic ity in man. Phenylbutazone may cause liver injury and other analgesics can cause hypersensitivity reactions in which the liver is involved. AI: Yes DB: CSA SF: TOXA AN: 0178368 Record 75 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Behavioral Effects of Moderate Lead Exposure in Children and Animal Models: Part 2, Animal Studies. AU: Bornschein-R; Pearson-D; Reiter-L AF: Dept. Environ. Hlth., Univ. Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA SO: CRC,-CRIT.-REV.-TOXICOL. vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 101-152, 1980. PY: 1980 LA: English PT: Journal-Article DE: lead-; reviews-; animal-models; behavior-; effects-on AI: No DB: CSA SF: TOXA AN: 0177586 Record 76 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Agricultural Chemical Use and Congenital Cleft Lip and/or Palate. AU: Gordon-JE; Shy-CM AF: Yale Univ. Sch. Med., Dept. Epidemiol. and Public Health, Perinatal Unit, 6 0 College St., New Haven, CT 06510, USA SO: ARCH.-ENVIRON.-HEALTH. 213-221, vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 1981. LA: English PT: Journal-Article DE: fungicides-; pesticides-; herbicides-; chronic-effects; cleft-lip/palate; m an-; childrenAB: A case-control study utilizing vital records and ecologic, surrogate exposu re measures was conducted in Iowa and Michigan. The study hypothesis anticipated an excess risk of clefts among fetuses exposed during the peak agricultural che mical use period (April through November) coincident with their first trimester of gestation. The results imply that if exposures to agricultural chemicals are, in fact, risk factors for clefts, an expanded model that accounts for multiple pesticidal exposures may be more sensitive than consideration of season of expos ure, as originally hypothesized. AI: Yes DB: CSA

SF: TOXA AN: 0130243 Record 77 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Etiopathogenesis of Atopic Dermatitis in Children. AU: Oehling-A; Madamba-A; Subira-ML AF: Clin. Univ., Dept. Alergol., Apto. 192, Pamplon., Spain SO: ALLERGOL.-IMMUNOPATHOL. vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 579-586, 1980. PY: 1980 LA: English PT: Journal-Article DE: food-hypersensitivity; etiology-; atopic-dermatitis; manAB: According to the previous experience of the author, he affirms that the hyp erergic factor plays an important role in the etiopathogenesis of atopic dermati tis and that the sensitization to foods present in 77% of the cases was the most important factor. This percentage can be seen to be potentiated by a determinat ion of specific antibodies against the different foods by means of the passive h emagglutination tests which turned out to be positive in almost 70% of the cases . He admits of course, that psychological and all other already mentioned factor s also play important accompanying roles. Lastly, he also considers that the rac ial factors played a very important part and that this disease affects especiall y those individuals with characteristics which Coca called <<atopic>>. AI: Yes DB: CSA SF: TOXA AN: 0124275 Record 78 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Retrospective Study of Inferred Fertility of Married Men Occupationally Exp osed to Ethylene Dibromide (EDB). AF: Equitable Environmental Health, Inc., Rockville, MD. CA: Ethyl Corp., Baton Rouge, LA. Toxicology and Industrial Hygiene Dept. SO: Govt-Reports-Announcements-&-Index-(GRA&I),-Issue-08,-1990 NT: NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01 NTIS/PB90-142605, 24p PY: 1977 DE: Fertility-; Toxicity-; Men,-Statistical-data,-Industrial-plants,-Personnel, -ReproductionBiology,-TablesData,-Marriage; Ethylene-dibromide; Occupational-exp osure,-Retrospective-study,-Dose-response-relat AB: TD3: A retrospective study of reproductive effects of exposure to ethylenedibromide (106934) (EDB) in a group of exposed male workers was conducted. Repro ductive histories of the wives of EDB exposed workers were examined. Data on the date of birth of each wife, the date of birth of the worker husband, race, date s of birth of all live born natural children, details on adopted children and ch ildren by previous marriages of wives, dates of marriages, and other pertinent f actors were collected for workers at four firms in the United States. Less compl ete data was also obtained from one facility in the United Kingdom. A negative r esult was obtained for all facilities studies except the Houston facility cohort . Examining high and low exposure categories gave no consistent evidence of any dose response relationship. In the Houston cohort, the observed/expected births ratio was consistently and significantly low, suggesting a possible antifertilit y effect. Relative exposure categories were not available, so any dose response relationship which might exist could not be found. The prevalence of vasectomy a mong the EDB workers at the site was particularly high. Final rept. Sponsored by Ethyl Corp., Baton Rouge, LA. Toxicology and Industrial Hygiene Dept. AI: Yes DB: TOX SF: NTIS

AN: NTIS-PB90-142605 Record 79 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) Testimony to the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, House Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce by Dr. Joseph K. Wagoner on May 28, 1976. AF: National Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH. SO: Govt-Reports-Announcements-&-Index-(GRA&I),-Issue-24,-1989 NT: NTIS Prices: PC A02/MF A01 NTIS/PB89-238216, 9p PY: 1976 DE: Industrial-medicine; Carcinogens,-Public-health,-Exposure,-Toxicity,-Inspec tion,-Hazardous-materials,-Government-policies,-Testing,-Research; Toxic-substan ces; Occupational-safety-and-health,-Testimony,-CAS-75-01-4,-CAS-744 AB: TD3: The testimony before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations provided an overview of the occupational causes of cancer. A critical assessment was made of past attempts to identify and evaluate occupational carcinogens. Ac cording to this testimony, even once a substance has been identified, little see ms to have been done to institute control measures for the protection of society . Coke oven workers in the steel industry exposed to coal combustion byproducts died of lung cancer at a rate of ten times that of other steel workers. Some occ upational groups exposed to arsenic (7440382) died of lung cancer at a rate of t wo to eight times the national level. As late as 1971 thousands of American work ers were still exposed greatly to aromatic amines although the link between thes e substances and bladder cancer had been known for 80 years. Similarly, uranium workers were still being exposed to radon daughters sufficient to cause lung can cer at three times the normal rate. The spread of mesothelioma to the wives and children of asbestos (1332214) workers through the carrying home of the fibers o n their work clothes, the level of arsenic in the urine and hair of children liv ing near copper smelters, the increased rate of lung cancer among those living i n areas where arsenical insecticides were used were noted. The increased inciden ce of diseases of the central nervous system, the liver, the bones of the finger s, the lungs, and the reproductive system have all been attributed to exposures to vinyl-chloride (75014). AI: Yes DB: TOX SF: NTIS AN: NTIS-PB89-238216 Record 80 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: ESTIMATED FLUORIDE INTAKE OF AVERAGE TWO-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN IN FOUR DIETARY REGIONS OF THE UNITED STATES. AU: OPHAUG-RH; SINGER-L; HARLAND-BF SO: J.-DENT.-RES.-1980,-59(5)-777-781 PY: 1980 PT: JOURNALS DE: FLUORIDE-; BEVERAGES-; ANALYSIS-; CHILD,-PRESCHOOL; COMPARATIVE-STUDY; DIET -; FLUORIDES-; ADMINISTRATION-AND-DOSAGE; FOOD-; FOOD-ANALYSIS; HUMAN-; INFANT-; FLUORIDATION-; UNITED-STATES; WATER-SUPPLY RN: 16984-48-8 AB: EIS: Epidemiology Information System ANALYSIS OF TODDLER "MARKET BASKET" FO OD COLLECTIONS INDICATES THAT AN AVERAGE TWO-YEAR-OLD CHILD LIVING IN CITIES WIT H WATER SUPPLIES CONTAINING 0.37 TO 1.04 PPM OF FLUORIDE HAS A DAILY FLUORIDE IN TAKE OF 0.315 TO 0.610 MG/DAY (0.025 TO 0.049 MG/KG BODY WEIGHT) FROM FOOD, WATE R, AND BEVERAGES. AI: Yes DB: TOX SF: EPIDEM

AN: EPIDEM-008986 Record 81 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF METHYLMERCURY POISONING. AU: BAKIR-F; RUSTAM-H; TIKRITI-S; AL-DAMLUJI-SF; SHIHRISTANI-H SO: POSTGRAD.-MED.-J.-1980,-56(651)-1-10 PY: 1980 PT: JOURNALS DE: MERCURY-; METHYL-MERCURY; ADULT-; BREAD-; BREAST-FEEDING; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-S YSTEM-DISEASES; CHEMICALLY-INDUCED; CHELATING-AGENTS; THERAPEUTIC-USE; CHILD-; E XCHANGE-TRANSFUSION,-WHOLE-BLOOD; FEMALE-; FOOD-CONTAMINATION; HEMODIALYSIS-; HU MAN-; INFANT-; INFANT,-NEWBORN; INFANT,-NEWBORN,-DISEASES; IRAQ-; MATERNAL-FETAL -EXCHANGE; BLOOD-; MERCURY-COMPOUNDS; POISONING-; PREGNANCY-COMPLICATIONS; PREGN ANCYRN: 7439-97-6; 22967-92-6 AB: EIS: Epidemiology Information System AN OPPORTUNITY TO STUDY THE EFFECTS OF METHYLMERCURY POISONING IN HUMANS WAS PROVIDED BY THE LARGE OUTBREAK IN IRAQ IN 1971-2. IN ADULTS, POISONING RESULTED FROM THE INGESTION OF HOME-MADE BREAD PRE PARED FROM METHYLMERCURY-TREATED SEED GRAIN AND THERE WAS A HIGHLY SIGNIFICANT C ORRELATION BETWEEN THE AMOUNT OF BREAD INGESTED AND BLOOD MERCURY LEVELS. POISON ING IN INFANTS RESULTED EITHER FROM PRIOR EXPOSURE IN UTERO OR FROM SUCKLING OR BOTH. BLOOD MERCURY LEVELS WERE HIGHER IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN THAN IN ADULTS. T HERE WAS NO INCREASED INCIDENCE OF CONGENITAL DEFECTS. SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS OF POI SONING AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES WERE MAINLY CONFINED TO THE CNS. SYMPTOMS D EVELOPED, ON AVERAGE, 1-2 MONTHS AFTER EXPOSURE. IN CHILDREN THERE WAS MENTAL RE TARDATION WITH DELAYED ONSET OF SPEECH AND IMPAIRED MOTOR, SENSORY AND AUTONOMIC FUNCTION. SEVERELY AFFECTED CHILDREN WERE BLIND AND DEAF. IN ADULTS, THE CLINIC AL PICTURE COULD BE CLASSIFIED AS 1, MILD (MAINLY OF SENSORY SYMPTOMS) 2, MODERA TE (SENSORY SYMPTOMS ACCOMPANIED BY CEREBELLAR SIGNS) AND 3, SEVERE (GROSS ATAXI A WITH MARKED VISUAL AND HEARING LOSS WHICH, IN SOME CASES, PROGRESSED TO AKINET IC MUTISM FOLLOWED BY COMA). GRADES 1 AND 2 CARRIED A BETTER PROGNOSIS THAN GRAD E 3. INTERFERENCE WITH TRANSMISSION AT THE MYONEURAL JUNCTION WAS FOUND IN 14% O F PATIENTS STUDIED. THERE WAS NO EVIDENCE OF PERIPHERAL NERVE INVOLVEMENT PER SE AND SENSORY SYMPTOMS MAY BE OF CENTRAL ORIGIN. THE CLINICAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE IRAQI AND JAPANESE OUTBREAKS MAY BE A RESULT, IN PART AT LEAST, OF THE SEVE RE, PROLONGED AND CONTINUOUS EXPOSURE WHICH OCCURRED IN THE LATTER OUTBREAK. IMP ROVEMENT WAS OBSERVED AMONG THE MILD AND MODERATE GROUP. TREATMENT WITH CHELATIN G AGENTS, THIOL RESIN, HAEMODIALYSIS AND EXCHANGE TRANSFUSION LOWERED BLOOD MERC URY CONCENTRATIONS BUT PRODUCED NO CONVINCING CLINICAL BENEFIT. TO BE EFFECTIVE, TREATMENT MAY NEED TO BE INSTITUTED SOON AFTER EXPOSURE. AI: Yes DB: TOX SF: EPIDEM AN: EPIDEM-008689 Record 82 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: STRONG ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MEMBRANOUS NEPHROPATHY AND HEPATITIS-B SURFACE A NTIGENAEMIA IN JAPANESE CHILDREN. AU: TAKEKOSHI-Y; TANAKA-M; SHIDA-N; SATAKE-Y; SAHEKI-Y; MATSUMOTO-S SO: LANCET-1978,-2(8099)-1065-1068 PY: 1978 PT: JOURNALS DE: MICROSCOPY-; ADOLESCENCE-; ADULT-; CHILD-; CHILD,-PRESCHOOL; FEMALE-; GLOME RULONEPHRITIS-; ETIOLOGY-; IMMUNOLOGY-; PATHOLOGY-; HEPATITIS-B-ANTIBODIES; ISOL ATION-AND-PURIFICATION; HEPATITIS-B-SURFACE-ANTIGENS; HEPATITIS-B-VIRUS; HEPATIT IS-B; COMPLICATIONS-; MICROBIOLOGY-; TRANSMISSION-; HUMAN-; JAPAN-; KIDNEY-GLOME RULUS; MALEAB: EIS: Epidemiology Information System

AI: DB: SF: AN:

Yes TOX EPIDEM EPIDEM-008249

Record 83 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: LIVER TUMORS IN CHILDREN IN THE PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO HEPATOBLASTOMA AND HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA: AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS SURGICAL SECTION SURVEY --1974. AU: EXELBY-PR; FILLER-RM; GROSFELD-JL SO: J.-PEDIATR.-SURG.-1975,-10(3)-329-337 PY: 1975 PT: JOURNALS DE: TROPICAL-MEDICINE; ADOLESCENCE-; ALPHA-FETOPROTEINS; ANALYSIS-; ANGIOGRAPHY -; BIOPSY-; CHILD-; CHILD,-PRESCHOOL; FEMALE-; THERAPY-; HUMAN-; INFANT-; INFANT ,-NEWBORN; LIVER-NEOPLASMS; LIVER-; RADIOGRAPHY-; SURGERY-; PATHOLOGY-; MALE-; N EOPLASM-METASTASIS; NEOPLASM-RECURRENCE,-LOCAL; POSTOPERATIVE-COMPLICATIONS; RAD IONUCLIDE-IMAGING AB: EIS: Epidemiology Information System AI: Yes DB: TOX SF: EPIDEM AN: EPIDEM-008191 Record 84 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Some Comments on the 1980 Report of the United Kingdom DHSS Working Party o n Lead in the Environment AU: Duggan-MJ AF: Air Pollut. Grp., Environ. Sci. Div., Sci. Br., London Coun., UK SO: SCI.-TOTAL-ENVIRON. vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 285-291, 1980. PY: 1980 LA: English PT: Journal-Article DE: Environmental-protection; Lead-; Public-health; Children-; Growth-effects; Body-burden; Petroleum-components; Pediatrics-; United-Kingdom AB: The Working Party was appointed in 1978 with terms of reference "To review the overall effects on health of environmental lead from all sources and, in par ticular, its effects on the health and development of children and to assess the contribution lead in petrol makes to the body-burden". Their Report, published in March 1980, is now being considered by the Department of Health and Social Se curity. AI: Yes DB: CSA SF: HESA AN: 0085584 Record 85 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Persistent Wheeze: Its Relation to Respiratory Illness, Cigarette Smoking, and Level of Pulmonary Function in a Population Sample of Children AU: Weiss-ST; Tager-IB; Speizer-FE; Rosner-B AF: Dept. Prevent. & Soc. Med., Harvard Med. Sch., Cambridge, MA SO: AM.-REV.-RESPIRAT.-DIS. vol. 122, no. 5, pp. 697-708, 1980. PY: 1980 LA: English PT: Journal-Article DE: Risk-factors; Pediatrics-; Airways-; Pulmonary-diseases; Statistics-; Repir atory-pathology; Chronic-symptoms; persistent-wheezing

AB: In a study of early-life risk factors for the development of adult obstruct ive airway disease, respiratory symptoms, disease and smoking histories, and spi rometry were obtained for 650 children 5 to 9 yr of age and their families in Ea st Boston, Massachusetts. Persistent wheezing was the most frequently reported c hronic symptom, occurring in 9.2% (60/650) of the population. Children with pers istent wheezing were more likely to report cough and phlegm (p < 0.001), a histo ry of asthma (p < 0.001), hay fever (p < 0.02), or past hospitalization with a r espiratory illness (p < 0.001) than their asymptomatic peers. Parental cigarette smoking was linearly related to the occurrence of persistent wheeze (p = 0.012) . AI: Yes DB: CSA SF: HESA AN: 0084937 Record 86 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: AU: SO: PY: PT: DE: S-; MSAB: AI: DB: SF: AN: CYSTATHIONINURIA AND ITS ORIGIN IN CHILDREN WITH HEPATOBLASTOMA. GEISER-CF; SHIH-VE J.-PEDIATR.-1980,-96(1)-72-75 1980 JOURNALS RATS-; ADOLESCENCE-; ADULT-; CHILD-; CHILD,-PRESCHOOL; AMINO-ACIDS; ANALYSI BLOOD-; URINE-; FEMALE-; SECRETION-; HUMAN-; LIVER-NEOPLASMS; MALE-; NEOPLAS EIS: Epidemiology Information System Yes TOX EPIDEM EPIDEM-007794

Record 87 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Cephalosporins: A Perspective on Their Properties and Indications for Use i n Pediatrics AU: McCracken-GH AF: Dept. Pediat., Univ. TX Health Sci. Ctr., Dallas SO: J.-INT.-MED.-RES. vol. 8, no. Suppl. 1, pp. 45-52, 1980. PY: 1980 LA: English PT: Journal-Article DE: Cephalosporin-; Antibiotics-; Infections-; Age-correlation; Pediatrics-; Tr eatment-choices AB: During the last decade the cephalosporin antibiotics have been frequently u sed for management of infections in all age groups. However, their usefulness in pediatrics was greatly limited because they did not represent the primary drugs of choice for any infectious condition of infants and children. With the recent availability of several new cephalosporins that possess enhanced or broadened a ntimicrobial activity and the prospects for superior agents in the near future, a review of these agents was undertaken in order to place in perspective the rol e of these drugs in the pediatrician's armamentarium. AI: Yes DB: CSA SF: HESA AN: 0083965 Record 88 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: LIVER BIOPSIES IN NIGERIAN CHILDREN. AU: SILVERA-WD; JELLIFFE-DB

SO: J.-TROP.-MED.-HYG.-1952,-55()-73-79 PY: 1952 PT: JOURNALS DE: CLINICAL-TRIALS; HUMAN-; INFANT,-NEWBORN; INFANT-; CHILD,-PRESCHOOL; CHILD; DIET-; PATHOLOGY-; BIOPSY,-NEEDLE; LIVER-; NIGERIA-; FATTY-LIVER; KWASHIORKOR; LIVER-CIRRHOSIS; HISTOLOGY-; BREAST-FEEDING AB: EIS: Epidemiology Information System AI: Yes DB: TOX SF: EPIDEM AN: EPIDEM-007541 Record 89 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: PARENT-CHILD NUTRIENT INTAKE INTERRELATIONSHIPS IN SCHOOL CHILDREN AGES 6 T O 19: THE PRINCETON SCHOOL DISTRICT STUDY. AU: LASKARZEWSKI-P; MORRISON-JA; KHOURY-P; KELLY-K; GLATFELTER-L; LARSEN-R; GLU ECK-CJ SO: AM.-J.-CLIN.-NUTR.-1980,-33(11)-2350-2355 PY: 1980 PT: JOURNALS DE: UNITED-STATES; ADOLESCENCE-; ADULT-; AGE-FACTORS; AGED-; CALORIC-INTAKE; CA UCASOID-RACE; CHILD-; CHOLESTEROL,-DIETARY; DIET-SURVEYS; DIET-; DIETARY-CARBOHY DRATES; DIETARY-FATS; FAMILY-HEALTH; FAMILY-; FATS-OR-OILS; FEMALE-; HUMAN-; MAL E-; MIDDLE-AGE; NEGROID-RACE; NUTRITION-; OHIO-; UNITED-STATES AB: EIS: Epidemiology Information System AI: Yes DB: TOX SF: EPIDEM AN: EPIDEM-007190 Record 90 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: A FIVE YEAR FOLLOW-UP OF COLOURED CHILDREN WITH KWASHIORKOR IN CAPE TOWN. AU: SUCKLING-PV; CAMPBELL-JAH SO: J.-TROP.-PED.-1957,-(MARCH)-173-180 PY: 1957 PT: JOURNALS DE: FREQUENCY-; HUMAN-; MALE-; FEMALE-; CHILD,-PRESCHOOL; CHILD-; ADOLESCENCE-; NEGROID-RACE; ANALYSIS-; ETIOLOGY-; FOLLOW-UP-STUDIES; PATHOLOGY-; SOUTH-AFRICA ; KWASHIORKOR-; SOCIOECONOMIC-FACTORS; SYMPTOMS-AND-GENERAL-PATHOLOGY; LIVER-DIS EASES; PANCREATIC-DISEASES; GROWTH-AND-DEVELOPMENT; ANEMIAAB: EIS: Epidemiology Information System AI: Yes DB: TOX SF: EPIDEM AN: EPIDEM-007131 Record 91 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: METHYLMERCURY POISONING IN IRAQI CHILDREN: CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS OVER TWO Y EARS. AU: AMIN-ZAKI-L; MAJEED-MA; CLARKSON-TW; GREENWOOD-MR SO: BR.-MED.-J.-1978,-1(6113)-613-616 PY: 1978 PT: JOURNALS DE: MERCURY-; ADOLESCENCE-; ATAXIA-; CHEMICALLY-INDUCED; CHILD-; CHILD,-PRESCHO OL; FEMALE-; FOLLOW-UP-STUDIES; HEARING-; HUMAN-; IRAQ-; MALE-; BLOOD-; MERCURYCOMPOUNDS; POISONING-; NERVOUS-SYSTEM-DISEASES; PARESTHESIA-; SPEECH-DISORDERS; TIME-FACTORS; VISION-DISORDERS; NEUROLOGIC-MANIFESTATIONS

RN: AB: AI: DB: SF: AN:

7439-97-6 EIS: Epidemiology Information System Yes TOX EPIDEM EPIDEM-006934

Record 92 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Clinical Application of Aerosols in Pediatrics AU: Tabachnik-E; Levison-H AF: Hosp. Sick Children, Toronto, Ont., Can. CF: Conf. Sci. Basis of In-House Respirat. Therapy, Atlanta, GA, Nov. 14-16, 19 79 SO: AM.-REV.-RESPIRAT.-DIS. vol. 122, no. 5, Pt. 2, pp. 97-103, 1980. PY: 1980 LA: English PT: Journal-Article DE: Asthma-; Aerosol-therapy; BronchodilatorsAB: There can be no doubt that the introduction of beta sub(2) sympathomimetics , sodium cromoglycate, and steroid aerosols represents a significant advance in the prevention and treatment of childhood asthma. For children too young to enjo y the benefits of metered aerosols, solutions for nebulization are available; ho wever, until the effect of bronchodilators is properly evaluated in children les s than 5 years of age, confusion will reign concerning their efficacy in this ag e group. At present, the beneficial effects of aerosolized antimicrobial drugs, mucolytic agents, and bland aerosols are mainly anecdotal. Objective evidence do cumenting their usefulness is lacking. AI: Yes DB: CSA SF: HESA AN: 0072941 Record 93 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Special Considerations in Oxygen Therapy for Infants and Children AU: Bland-RD AF: Cardiovascular Res. Inst. Dept. Ped., Univ. CA, San Francisco CF: Conf. Sci. Basis of In-House Respirat. Therapy, Atlanta, GA, Nov. 14-16, 19 79 SO: AM.-REV.-RESPIRAT.-DIS. vol. 122, no. 5, Pt. 2, pp. 45-54, 1980. PY: 1980 LA: English PT: Journal-Article DE: Ventilation-; Pulmonary-diseases; Toxicity-; EtiologyAB: There are several unique aspects of O sub(2) therapy in infants. Inhalation of O sub(2) by preterm infants decreases the frequency of apnea and cyanosis, a nd increases the ventilatory response to CO sub(2), but the reasons for this are unclear. Immature infants receiving O sub(2) therapy are subject to retinopathy , but we do not know the magnitude or duration of hyperoxia necessary to damage the developing retina. Newborns with persisent pulmonary hypertension, without r adiographic signs of pulmonary diseases, frequency remain hypoxemic despite brea thing 100% O sub(2). In these infants, the unresponsiveness of the postnatal pul monary circulation to high concentrations of inspired O sub(2) needs elucidation . Babies with respiratory failure who are treated with O sub(2) and mechanical v entilation often acquire chronic pulmonary disease. The etiologic importance of O sub(2) compared to positive airway pressure in the development of this conditi on remains controversial. AI: Yes DB: CSA

SF: HESA AN: 0072873 Record 94 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: VASCULAR TUMORS OF THE LIVER IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN. A STUDY OF 30 CASES A ND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE. AU: DEHNER-LP; ISHAK-KG SO: ARCH.-PATHOL.-1971,-92(2)-101-111 PY: 1971 PT: JOURNALS DE: SEX-FACTORS; ABNORMALITIES-; COMPLICATIONS-; AUTOPSY-; BILE-DUCTS,-INTRAHEP ATIC; PATHOLOGY-; CHILD,-PRESCHOOL; CONNECTIVE-TISSUE; FEMALE-; HEMANGIOENDOTHEL IOMA-; MORTALITY-; HEMANGIOMA,-CAVERNOUS; HUMAN-; INFANT-; INFANT,-NEWBORN; LIVE R-; LIVER-NEOPLASMS; MALE-; MICROSCOPY,-ELECTRON AB: EIS: Epidemiology Information System AI: Yes DB: TOX SF: EPIDEM AN: EPIDEM-006647 Record 95 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: AU: SO: PY: LA: PT: DE: AB: ife AI: DB: SF: AN: Effect of Air Pollution on Infants Trusova-LN GIGIENA-and-SANITAR. no. 7, pp. 13-15, 1980. 1980 Russian Journal-Article Air-pollution; Public-health; Data-collection; Health-status; childrenData on the health status of children in the first year are presented, of l living in areas with varying degrees of air pollution. Yes CSA POLL; HESA 0071320

Record 96 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: UDORN ENCEPHALOPATHY: FATAL CEREBRAL EDEMA AND FATTY DEGENERATION OF THE VI SCERA IN THAI CHILDREN. AU: BOURGEOIS-CH; KESCHAMRAS-N; COMER-DS; HARIKUL-S; EVANS-H; OLSON-L; SMITH-T; BECK-MR SO: J.-MED.-ASSOC.-THAIL.-1969,-52(7)-553-563 PY: 1969 PT: JOURNALS DE: LIVER-NEOPLASMS; HUMAN-; INFANT-; CHILD,-PRESCHOOL; CHILD-; ADOLESCENCE-; A GE-FACTORS; ETIOLOGY-; INCIDENCE-; MORTALITY-; PATHOLOGY-; THAILAND-; BRAIN-EDEM A; REYE'-S-SYNDROME; AUTOPSYAB: EIS: Epidemiology Information System AI: Yes DB: TOX SF: EPIDEM AN: EPIDEM-006576 Record 97 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: SYNDROME OF ENCEPHALOPATHY AND FATTY DEGENERATION OF VISCERA IN NEW ZEALAND CHILDREN. AU: BECROFT-DM

SO: BR.-MED.-J.-1966,-2()-135-140 PY: 1966 PT: JOURNALS DE: PORTAL-SYSTEM; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; BRAIN-DISEASES; ETIOLOGY-; METABOLISM-; THER APY-; CASE-REPORT; CHILD,-PRESCHOOL; FATTY-LIVER; COMPLICATIONS-; PATHOLOGY-; FE MALE-; HEPATITIS,-TOXIC; ETIOLOGY-; HUMAN-; HYPOGLYCEMIA-; INFANT-; LEUKOCYTOSIS AB: EIS: Epidemiology Information System AI: Yes DB: TOX SF: EPIDEM AN: EPIDEM-006488 Record 98 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: Thermal Status of Junior Schoolchildren in a Hot Climate AU: Enina-LN SO: GIGIENA-and-SANITAR. no. 7, pp. 29-30, 1980. PY: 1980 LA: Russian PT: Journal-Article DE: Schools-; Physical-education; Thermal-status; Adolescents-; Climate-; Corre lations-; Overheating-; Protective-clothing AB: Studies conducted at schools of Tashkent showed that during intervals betwe en classes and physical culture lessons outdoors, the thermal status of 8- to 10 -year-old schoolchildren adapted to the local climate was good within a broad ra nge of meteorologic parameters; a factor contributing to this was proper clothin g. However, overheating of children was noted to occur on hot days in autumn and spring. AI: Yes DB: CSA SF: HESA AN: 0068655 Record 99 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: CIRRHOSIS OF THE LIVER IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN. AU: CRAIG-JM; GELLIS-SS; HSIA-DY SO: AM.-J.-DIS.-CHILD.-1955,-90()-299-322 PY: 1955 PT: JOURNALS DE: LIVER-CIRRHOSIS; HUMAN-; MALE-; FEMALE-; INFANT,-NEWBORN; INFANT-; CHILD,-P RESCHOOL; CHILD-; CASE-REPORT; ETIOLOGY-; FAMILIAL-AND-GENETIC; INCIDENCE-; PATH OLOGY-; POISONING-; UNITED-STATES; LIVER-CIRRHOSIS; NUTRITION-; COMPLICATIONS-; DIAGNOSIS-; JAUNDICE-; HEPATITIS-; ORGAN-WEIGHT; LIVER-CIRRHOSIS,-BILIARY; PANCR EATIC-DISEASES; INTESTINAL-ATRESIA; GALACTOSEMIA-; HEART-DEFECTS,-CONGENITAL; HE MOSIDEROSIS-; CHOLANGITISAB: EIS: Epidemiology Information System AI: Yes DB: TOX SF: EPIDEM AN: EPIDEM-006250 Record 100 of 9250 in POLTOX I 1966-1981 TI: AU: SO: PY: PT: LIVER DAMAGE IN CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO HEPATIC CIRRHOSIS. COORAY-GH; PANABOKKE-RG ARCH.-PATHOL.-1955,-60()-401-407 1955 JOURNALS

DE: LIVER-NEOPLASMS; HUMAN-; INFANT-; CHILD,-PRESCHOOL; CHILD-; ADOLESCENCE-; E TIOLOGY-; PATHOLOGY-; LIVER-CIRRHOSIS; SRI-LANKA; LIVERAB: EIS: Epidemiology Information System AI: Yes DB: TOX SF: EPIDEM AN: EPIDEM-006246