Biochemistry Review Questions (Prelims)

Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. This amino acid composes the backbone of sphingosine a Serine c Valine . . b Tryptophan d Isoleucine . .

____

2. Cis isomerism refers to a Acyl groups on the same side of the . bond b Branching acyl groups .

c . d .

Acyl groups on the opposite side of the bond Unbranched acyl groups

____

3. One of these is a monounsaturated fatty acid a Oleic acid . b Palmitic acid .

c . d .

Alpha-linolenic acid Linoleic acid

____

4. Respiratory stress syndrome is a newborn disease caused by a deficiency of lung surfactant. What is its most important component? a Dipalmitoyl phosphatidal choline c Dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl glycerol . . b Dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline d Dipalmitoyl phosphatidal glycerol . .

____

5. The pathologenic property of PrPsc is conferred by its ability to a Damage cell organelles c Convert normal PrP to the pathologic . . isoform b Damage cell membranes d Direct activation of the apoptotic . . pathway

____

6. The following statements are true regarding carbohydrates except: a Contains 4 kcal of energy per gram c Serves as an immediate source of energy . . b Has an aldehyde group d Performs catalytic fuunctions . .

____

7. An example of short chain fatty acid

a Propanoic acid . b Lauric acid .

c . d .

Myristic acid Caprylic acid

____

8. The following disaccharide(s) have a free hemiacetal end except: a Sucrose c Lactose . . b Maltose d More than one answer . .

____

9. Anomers are: a Non - superimposable, non - mirror . image stereoisomers b Sugars differing only in configuration . around one carbon

c . d .

Mirror - imaged stereoisomers Isomeric forms of monosugars differing from each other only in their configuration at the hemiacetal carbon

____ 10. Technique(s) used to elucidate protein structures a X-ray crystallography c . . b both a and b d . .

PAG electrophoresis NMR spectroscopy

____ 11. Val-Lys-Asp-Trp-Ser-Thr-Met-Ala.... a Tertiary . b Secondary .

c . d .

Primary Quarternary

____ 12. Isoniazid, a drug used to treat tuberculosis, has a side effect of inhibiting this enzyme, resulting in the improvement of mood a COMT c MAO . . b Tyrosine hydroxylase d Tyrosine deaminase . .

____ 13. The highest concentration of serotonin can be found in a Duodenum c Pineal gland . . b Hippocampus d hypothalamus . .

____ 14. Hereditary spherocytosis results from the defects in a Microtubules c Mitochondrial abnormalities . . b Hexose monophosphate shunt d ATP production . .

____ 15. Which of the following sugar(s), when in excess can be detected in urine using copper reduction method? a Galactose c Glucose . . b Xylose d All of the above . .

____ 16. Glycogenolysis in the liver will produce_________________as a final product a Free glucose c Galactose . . b Glucose-6-phosphate d Glucose-6-sulfate . .

____ 17. Synthesis of acetylcholine mainly takes place in the a Axon terminals c Cytoplasm . . b Axons d Telodendria . .

____ 18. Hemoglobin, the protein responsible for the transport of oxygen, contributes in the maintenance of the acidbase balance in the blood. What amino acid is responsible for its buffering capacity? a Glutamine c Asparagine . . b Histidine d Methionine . .

____ 19. Which among these procedures will destroy prions? a Boiling c 1N NaOH with autoclaving . . b 10% bleach d 1N NaOH without autoclaving . .

____ 20. Glutamate, a powerful excitotoxin, cause neuronal death by a Influx of sodium ions c Efflux of potassium ions . . b Influx of calcium ions d Influx of potassium . .

____ 21. The following is(are) test(s) used to determine N terminals except 1. Sangers 2. Dansyl 3. Reaction with aminopeptidase 4. Hydrazinolysis 5. Edmans a 3 only . b 4 only . c . d . 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 2, 3, 4, 5

____ 22. A reaction between calcium hydroxide and palmitic acid will produce? a Calcium salt c A soluble soap . . b An insoluble soap d More than one answer . .

____ 23. The simplest form of carbohydrate is an: a Aldotetrose . b Aldodiose .

c . d .

Aldopentose Aldotriose

____ 24. Omega-3 refers to a 3 carbon atoms from the COOH carbon . (C1) b 3 carbon atoms from the methyl carbon . (C1)

c . d .

3 double bonds 3 carbon atoms

____ 25. Abnormal synthesis of lamina A result(s) in these symptom(s) a Accelerated aging c Chronic anemia . . b Increased cholesterol levels d Malignant hyperthermia . .

____ 26. Forms a six-membered ring a Pyran . b Benzene .

c . d .

Furan Imidazole

____ 27. An alpha helix has_____residues per turn with a pitch of____and spacing of____per residue a 3.6, 0.54nm, 0.15nm c 3.6, 0.54A, 0.15A . . b 36, 5.4A, 1.5A d 5.6, 540nm, 150nm . .

____ 28. One or two of these is/are ketose(s) a Xylose . b Fructose .

c . d .

Ribose A and B

____ 29. Ascorbic acid, a cofactor required in the hydroxylation of proline during the formation of collagen is an example of: a Uronic acid c Mucopolysaccharide . . b Aldonic acid d Lactone . .

____ 30. True about triacylglycerol EXCEPT a Composed of three fatty acids attached . to glycerol b Acidic in nature .

c . d .

Neutral fats More than one answer

____ 31. If a chemical messenger did not satisfy the above criterion, it is called a Secondary messenger c Both . . b Neuromodulator d Neither . .

____ 32. Tyrosine, an aromatic amino acid, has the following pk values: pk 1 = 2.20, pk2 = 9.11, pkr = 10.07. What is the isoelectric point? a 6.14 c 5.66 . . b 3.46 d 9.59 . .

____ 33. Tyrosine is____________neurotransmitter a Metabolic .

c .

Amino acid

b Biogenic amine .

d .

None of the above

____ 34. Inactivation of GABA occurs by a Simple diffusion . b Active transport by astrocytes .

c . d .

Neuronal reuptake Enzymatic deactivation

____ 35. A person manifesting this(these) symptom(s) has a defect in the LDL receptors a Atherosclerosis c Cholesterol = 900mg/dl . . b Xanthomas d More than one answer . .

____ 36. Determines the primary structure of a protein a Amino acid sequence . b Prosthetic groups .

c . d .

Hydrogen bonding Hydrophobic interactions

____ 37. The main function of the cell membrane is______ a Allow the passage of certain chemicals c Receptor for hormones . . b Separates the ICF from the ECF d Forms attachment to other cells . .

____ 38. This eicosanoid has a pro inflammatory effect 1000X more potent than histamine a Prostacyclin c Leukotrienes . . b Lipoxins d Prostaglandin . .

____ 39. The property of the lipid bilayer that refers to both its hydrophilic and hydrophobic portions a Synergism c Symmetrical . . b Amphibolic d Amphipathic . .

____ 40. Paracetamol, an antipyretic drug is detoxified to a water - soluble substance that is excreted in the kidneys. Where does the detoxification process occur? a Rough ER of the hepatocytes c Smooth ER of kidneys

. b Rough ER of kidneys .

. d .

Smooth ER of the hepatocytes

____ 41. Which of the following monosaccharide can reduce cupric ions? a Starch c Lactose . . b Glucose d Sucrose . .

____ 42. IgM, the immunoglobulin responsible for primary immune response, has 5 subunits. Therefore, IgM molecules exhibit________structure a Tertiary c Primary . . b Secondary d Quarternary . .

____ 43. Which is NOT a function of the cell membrane proteins a Replicates DNA c Act as immunogens . . b Functions in intracellular joining d Forms ion channels . .

____ 44. HDL 1. Alpha lipoprotein 2. Reverse transport of cholesterol 3. Carrier of good cholesterol 4. Contains the highest amount of phospholipid 5. Carrier of exogenous cholesterol a 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 c . . b 1, 2, 3, 4 d . .

2 only 3 only

____ 45. Procedure(s) that can be used to separate various proteins EXCEPT a Ion exchange chromatography c Affinity chromatography . . b Polypeptide hydrolysis d SDS-PAGE . .

____ 46. Criteria for identification of a substance as neurotransmitter 1. The substance must be present in the presynaptic nerve terminal

2. The substance must be released from the nerve terminal by the arrival of an action potential in a Ca dependent manner 3. There must be specific receptors for the substance on the postsynaptic cell 4. Must mimic action of the natural neurotransmitter when applied exogenously a 1 only c 1, 2, 3, 4 . . b 1, 2 d 1, 2, 3 . .

____ 47. Synthesis of norepinephrine requires 1. Dopamine beta hydroxylase 2. Oxygen 3. Copper 4. Vitamin C a 1, 2, 3 . b 1, 2, 3, 4 .

c . d .

1 only 1, 2

____ 48. A histopathologic picture showing florid plaques is characteristic of a Scrapie c Kuru . . b Variant CJD d Familial insomnia . .

____ 49. Which of the process does NOT occur in the mitochondria 1. Krebs TCA 2. Beta oxidation of fatty acids 3. Oxidative phosphorylation 4. Heme synthesis 5. Urea formation a 4 only c All of the above . . b 5 only d None of the above . .

____ 50. Cholesterol, a precursor of sex hormones has______carbons in the side chain. a 20 c 8-10 . . b 2-3 d 5 . .

____ 51. Refers to the process that occur after a chemical messenger binds to a receptor

a Signal transmission . b Signal transduction .

c . d .

Action potential Signal transcription

____ 52. Enzyme(s) that is(are) involved in protein folding a Protein disulfide isomerase c Both . . b Peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase d Neither . .

____ 53. The following describes carbohydrates except: a Compounds that contain aldehyde or . ketone group and an alcohol group b Polyhydroxy ketones .

c . d .

Polyhydroxy aldehydes long chain aliphatic compounds

____ 54. Function of a neurotransmitter a Excite another neuron across the synapse . b Inhibit another neuron across the synapse .

c . d .

Both Neither

____ 55. A compund used to visualize amino acids a Eosin . b Ninhydrin .

c . d .

Biuret reagent Sodium nitroprusside

____ 56. The following amino acids are not aromatic except a Tyrosine c Aspartic acid . . b Lysine d Glycine . .

____ 57. Important in signal transduction a Lipositol . b Phosphatidal ethanolamine .

c . d .

Cardiolipin Cephalin

____ 58. Polysaccharide found in starch that is composed of repeating units of glucose dimers in alpha 1,6 linkage

a Amylodextrin . b Amylopectin .

c . d .

Glycogen Amylose

____ 59. ABO antigens are formed by attaching sugars to proteins. Where does the process takes place? a Golgi apparatus c Nucleus . . b Rough ER d Smooth ER . .

____ 60. Cellulose, a major structural polysaccharide in plants is composed of a Polymers of glucose in beta`1,4 linkage c Polymers of coniferyl alcohol . . b Polymers of glucose in alpha 1,4 linkage d Polymers of xylose in beta 1,4 linkage . .

____ 61. Cannot be hydrolyzed to simpler forms a Trisaccharides . b Polysaccharides .

c . d .

Monosaccharides Oligosaccharides

____ 62. The entire process of protein synthesis is located at_________ 1. Ribosomes 2. Rough ER 3. Smooth ER 4. Cytoplasm 5. Plasmalemma 6. Nucleus a 1 only c 1,2 . . b 1,2,3,4 d 1,2,4,6 . .

____ 63. ADP is a_____________neurotransmitter a Amino acid . b Metabolic .

c . d .

Neuropeptide Biogenic amine

____ 64. Muscarine, toxin derived from the poisonous mushroom Amanita muscaria produces __________ effects after injection a Parasympatholytic c Sympatholytic

. b Sympathomimetic .

. d .

Parasympathomimetic

____ 65. Polysaccharide composition of starch that forms linear polymer of D-glucose a Amylopectin c All of the above . . b Amylose d None of the above . .

____ 66. Which of the following is not an aldose? a Glyceraldehyde . b Dihydroxyacetone .

c . d .

Fructose More than one answer

____ 67. A fatty acid that is solid at 25oC will have this characteristics a Short chain fatty acid c Limited solubility in water . . b Long chain with no double bonds d 3 double bonds . .

____ 68. State of passivity caused by CNS pathologies a Incontinence . b Akinetic mutism .

c . d .

Bradykinesia Dysarthria

____ 69. Common to all amino acids 1. All contain aromatic side chains 2. All contain the carboxyl group 3. Positive in biuret test 4. All are organic compounds 5. All contain the amino group 6. Can form zwitterions a 2, 4, 5, 6 . b 2, 3, 4, 5 . c . d . 1, 2, 3, 4 2 and 3

____ 70. Refers to the carbon in which four different groups are attached

a Symmetrical . b Chiral .

c . d .

Isomer Anomer

____ 71. The ABO antigens are composed of a Monosaccharide . b Mucopolysaccharide .

c . d .

Oligosaccharide chain Peptidoglycan

____ 72. NOT required in the synthesis of catecholamines except a Zinc c Tetrahydrobiopterin . . b Calcium d Magnesium . .

____ 73. First described prion disease occurs in_______________. a Sheep c Pig . . b Goats d Cattle . .

____ 74. Metabolic process occuring in the nucleolus a Synthesis of proteins . b Synthesis of nuclear DNA .

c . d .

Synthesis of tRNA Synthesis of rRNA

____ 75. Between palmitic and oleic acid, which will have a higher iodine number a Oleic c Palmitic . . b Both will have high iodine number d Both will have low iodine number . .

____ 76. The higher the saponification number a The lower the molecular weight . b The lesser the double bonds .

c . d .

The higher the molecular weight The more double bonds

____ 77. MRI picture of vCJD includes

a Characteristic pulvinar sign . b Sever inflammation of the brain .

c . d .

Cortical atrophy Florid plaques

____ 78. The late symptom(s) of vCJD 1. Limb pain 2. Dizziness 3. Dysarthria 4. Hallucination a 1, 2, 3, 4 . b 1, 2 .

c . d .

3, 4 2, 3, 4

____ 79. Cleaves off peptide bonds whose carbonyl function is contributed by lysine and arginine a Carboxypeptidase c Chymotrypsin . . b Papain d Trypsin . .

____ 80. Accumulation of galactosylceramide results in a Zellwegers syndrome . b Krabbes disease .

c . d .

Lufts syndrome Niemann-Pick disease

____ 81. Galactocerebroside-3-sulfate is a major sulfolipid in the brain. Defective metabolism leads to its accumulation in the brain that results in this disease. a Fabrys c Gauchers . . b Krabbes d Metachromatic leukodystrophy . .

____ 82. One of these is a catabolic process a Conversion of purines to uric acid . b Production of ammonia from amino . acids

c . d .

Formation of steroids from cholesterol Protein synthesis

____ 83. The presence of a proline in the alpha helix will result in a Stabilization of the helix c No effect . . b Cross-linking with another alpha helix d Termination of the helix

____ 84. Transmission of vCJD can occur in these activities except in______________________. a Administration of human derived growth c Receiving blood transfusion . hormone . b Sexual intercourse d Eating contaminated meat . .

____ 85. Deficiency of the enzyme that metabolizes________________results in Krabbes disease. a Glucosylceramide c Galactocerebroside-3-SO4 . . b Galactosylceramide d Lactosylceramide . .

____ 86. Substance P is a_____________ a Metabolic . b Neuropeptide .

c . d .

Biogenic amine Amino acid

____ 87. Polymerization of amino acids forms polypeptide chains linked by peptide bonds. The test that is used to detect those bonds is called a Biuret c Copper reduction . . b Bromthymol blue d Ninhydrin . .

____ 88. Alcohol-soluble proteins a Protamine . b Albuminoids .

c . d .

Glutelins Prolamine

____ 89. Nitric oxide is classified as a Neuropeptides . b Biogenic amines .

c . d .

Amino acid None of the above

____ 90. During the formation of triacylglycerol, a hydroxyl group from glycerol reacts with the carboxyl group of the fatty acid. The reaction is refered to as________. a Saponification c Hydrogenation

. b Esterification .

. d .

More than one answer

____ 91. Rancidification a Oxidation of the double bonds resulting . in the formation of short chain fatty acid alcohol. b Oxidation of the double bonds resulting . in the formation of short chain fatty acid amines

c . d .

Oxidation of the double bonds resulting in the formation of short chain fatty acid aldehyde. Oxidation of the double bonds resulting in the formation of short chain fatty acids

____ 92. Serves as a receptor for hyaluronic acid a CD53 . b CD52 .

c . d .

CD44 CD34

____ 93. Hemiacetal refers to: a Cyclic form of sugar resulting from the . interaction of C2 and C6 b Cyclic form of sugar resulting from the . interaction of C2 and C5

c . d .

Cyclic form of sugar resulting from the interaction of C1 and C5 Cyclic form of sugar resulting from the interaction of C3 and C6

____ 94. What is the function of the normal PrP? a Cell-to-cell adhesion and intracellular . signaling b Ion channel .

c . d .

Receptor of neurotransmitters Gap junction

____ 95. When a neurotransmitter binds to a receptor that opens calcium channels, its effect is a Depolarization c Inhibitory . . b Repolarization d Hyperpolarization . .

____ 96. Final acceptor of electrons in ATP synthesis a Nitrogen . b Hydrogen .

c . d .

Iron Oxygen

____ 97. The normal prion protein is encoded by a gene at chromosome____________. a 11 c Y . . b X d 20 . .

____ 98. GABA, a well known inhibitory neurotransmitter opens_____channels, causing_________. a Chloride, hyperpolarization c Sodium, depolarization . . b Chloride, depolarization d Sodium, hyperpolarization . .

____ 99. The following does NOT occur(s) in protein denaturaion a Crystallization c Coagulation . . b Precipitaion d Loss of function . .

____ 100. GABA is_____________ a Metabolic . b Biogenic amine .

c . d .

Neuropeptide Amino acid

Biochemistry Review Questions (Prelims) Answer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. ANS: A 2. ANS: A 3. ANS: A 4. ANS: B 5. ANS: C 6. ANS: D 7. ANS: A 8. ANS: A 9. ANS: D 10. ANS: B 11. ANS: C 12. ANS: C 13. ANS: C 14. ANS: A 15. ANS: D 16. ANS: A 17. ANS: A 18. ANS: B 19. ANS: C 20. ANS: B 21. ANS: B 22. ANS: D PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1

23. ANS: D 24. ANS: B 25. ANS: A 26. ANS: A 27. ANS: A 28. ANS: B 29. ANS: D 30. ANS: B 31. ANS: B 32. ANS: C 33. ANS: D 34. ANS: B 35. ANS: D 36. ANS: A 37. ANS: B 38. ANS: C 39. ANS: D 40. ANS: D 41. ANS: B 42. ANS: D 43. ANS: A 44. ANS: B 45. ANS: B 46. ANS: C

PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1

47. ANS: B 48. ANS: B 49. ANS: D 50. ANS: C 51. ANS: B 52. ANS: C 53. ANS: D 54. ANS: C 55. ANS: B 56. ANS: A 57. ANS: A 58. ANS: B 59. ANS: A 60. ANS: A 61. ANS: C 62. ANS: D 63. ANS: B 64. ANS: D 65. ANS: B 66. ANS: D 67. ANS: B 68. ANS: B 69. ANS: A 70. ANS: B

PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1

71. ANS: C 72. ANS: C 73. ANS: A 74. ANS: D 75. ANS: A 76. ANS: A 77. ANS: A 78. ANS: C 79. ANS: D 80. ANS: B 81. ANS: D 82. ANS: A 83. ANS: D 84. ANS: B 85. ANS: B 86. ANS: B 87. ANS: A 88. ANS: D 89. ANS: D 90. ANS: B 91. ANS: C 92. ANS: C 93. ANS: C 94. ANS: A

PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1

95. ANS: A 96. ANS: D 97. ANS: D 98. ANS: A 99. ANS: A 100. ANS: D

PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1