MATLAB MATrix LABoratory

Sujith R Asst. Professor ECE Dept, KRGCE

Sample Programs
Generation of signals

%sine & cosine wave generation clc clear all close all t=-pi:.05:pi; y=sin(2*pi*t); subplot(2,1,1); plot(t,y); xlabel('time') ylabel('amplitude') title('sine wave'); y=cos( 2*pi*t); subplot(2,1,2); plot(t,y); xlabel('time') ylabel('amplitude') title(' cosine wave'); %unit impulse signal clc clear all close all n=input('enter the value of n:'); t=-n:n; y=[zeros(1,n),1,zeros(1,n)]; stem(t,y); xlabel('time'); ylabel('amplitude'); title('unit impulse signal');

output: enter the value of n:2

%unit step signal clc clear all close all n=input('Enter the value of n: '); t=-2:n-1; y=[zeros(1,2),ones(1,n)]; stem(t,y); xlabel('time'); ylabel('amplitude'); title('unit step signal');

output:
'Enter the value of n:8

%ramp signal clc clear all close all n=input('enter the value of n:'); t=0:n-1; y=t; stem(t,y); xlabel('time'); ylabel('amplitude'); title('ramp signal');

output: enter the value of n:5

%exponential signal clc clear all close all n=input('enter the value of n:'); t=0:n-1; y=exp (t); stem(t,y); xlabel('time'); ylabel('amplitude'); title('exponential signal');

output: enter the value of n:10

%linear convolution clc clear all close all x=input('enter the first sequence'); h=input('enter the second sequence'); y=conv(x,h); subplot(3,1,1); stem(x); xlabel('n'); ylabel('x(n)') title('first sequence'); subplot(3,1,2); stem(h); xlabel('n'); ylabel('h(n)'); title('second sequence');

subplot(3,1,3); stem(y); xlabel('n'); ylabel('y(n)'); title('linear convolution'); Output:

enter the first sequence[1,2,3] enter the second sequence[2,4,6]

%circular convolution using zero padding method clc clear all close all g=input('enter the first sequence'); h=input('enter the second sequence'); N=input('enter the number of points in the output sequence'); N1=length(g); N2=length(h); g=[g zeros(1,N-N1)]; h=[h zeros(1,N-N2)]; for n=1:N; y(n)=0; for i=1:N; j=n-i+1 if(j<=0) j=N+j; end y(n)=y(n)+g(i)*h(j) end end subplot(3,1,1); stem(g); xlabel('n'); ylabel('g(n)'); title('first sequence'); subplot(3,1,2); stem(h); xlabel('n'); ylabel('h(n)'); title('second sequence'); subplot(3,1,3) stem(y); xlabel('n'); ylabel('y(n)'); title('circular convolution with zero padding method'); Output: enter the first sequence[1,2,3] enter the second sequence[1,2] enter the number of points in the output sequence4

%circular convolution clc clear all close all g=input('enter the first sequence'); h=input('enter the second sequence'); N=input('enter the number of points in the output sequence'); N1=length(g); N2=length(h); for n=1:N y(n)=0; for i=1:N; j=n-i+1; if(j<=0) j=N+j end y(n)=y(n)+g(i)*h(j) end end subplot(3,1,1); stem(g); xlabel('n'); ylabel('g(n)'); title('first sequence'); subplot(3,1,2); stem(h); xlabel('n'); ylabel('h(n)'); title('second sequence'); subplot(3,1,3); stem(y); xlabel('n'); ylabel('y(n)'); title('circular convolution'); Output: enter the first sequence[3,4,2,1] enter the second sequence[1,2,3,0] enter the number of points in the output sequence4 %Generation of DFT Sequence clear all; close all; x=input('enter the input sequence'); n=input('enter the length of FFT'); X=fft(x,n); subplot(3,1,1); stem(x); xlabel('n'); ylabel('x(n)'); title('Input Sequence'); subplot(3,1,2); stem(X);

xlabel('k'); ylabel('imaginary axis'); display('the resultant signal is');X y=real(X); z=imag(X); subplot(3,1,3); stem(y,z); xlabel('real axis'); ylabel('imaginary axis'); title('DFT Sequence'); Output: enter the first sequence[1,2,3,4,4,3,2,1] enter the length of FFT8 the resultant signal is X = Columns 1 through 5 20.0000 0.4142i 0 -5.8284 - 2.4142i 0 -0.1716 -

Columns 6 through 8 -0.1716 + 0.4142i 0 -5.8284 + 2.4142i

% IIR lowpass Butterworth filter clear all; close all rp=input('Enter the passband ripple in db'); rs=input('Enter the stopband ripple in db'); fp=input('Enter the passband frequency in Hz'); fs=input('Enter the stopband frequency in Hz'); F=input('Enter the sampling frequency in Hz'); omp=2*fp/F; oms=2*fs/F; [n,wn]=buttord(omp,oms,rp,rs); [b,a]=butter(n,wn); w=0:.01:pi; [h,om]=freqz(b,a,w,'whole'); m=20*log10(abs(h)); an=angle(h); subplot(2,1,1); plot(om/pi,m); ylabel('gain db'); xlabel('normalised frequency'); subplot(2,1,2); plot(om/pi,an); xlabel('normalised frequency'); ylabel('phase in radians');

Output: Enter the Enter the Enter the Enter the Enter the

passband stopband passband stopband sampling

ripple in ripple in frequency frequency frequency

db db in in in

.4 30 Hz 400 Hz 800 Hz 2000

% IIR highpass Butterworth filter clear all; close all; rp=input('Enter the passband ripple in dB'); rs=input('Enter the stopband ripple in dB'); fp=input('Enter the passband frequency in Hz'); fs=input('Enter the stopband frequency in Hz'); F=input('Enter the sampling frequency in Hz'); omp=2*fp/F; oms=2*fs/F; [n,wn]=buttord(omp,oms,rp,rs); [b,a]=butter(n,wn,'high'); w=0:.01:pi; [h,om]=freqz(b,a,w); m=20*log10(abs(h)); an=angle(h); subplot(2,1,1); plot(om/pi,m); ylabel('Gain in dB'); xlabel('Normalised frequency'); subplot(2,1,2); plot(om/pi,an); xlabel('Normalised frequency'); ylabel('Phase in radians'); Output: Enter Enter Enter Enter Enter the the the the the passband stopband passband stopband sampling ripple in ripple in frequency frequency frequency dB dB in in in .4 30 Hz 400 Hz 800 Hz 2000

%FIR Lowpass Filter using window method clear all; close all; rp= input('Enter passband ripple in dB'); rs=input('Enter stopband ripple in dB'); fp=input('Enter passband frequency in Hz'); fs=input('Enter stopband frequency in Hz'); f=input('Enter sampling frequency in Hz'); wp=2*fp/f; ws=2*fs/f;

num=-20*log10(sqrt(rp*rs))-13; den=14.6*(fs-fp)/f; n=ceil(num/den); n1=n+1; if (rem(n,2)~=0); n1=n; n=n-1; end y =boxcar(n1); b=fir1(n,wp,y); [h,om]=freqz(b,1,256); m=20*log10(abs(h)); an=angle(h); subplot(2,1,1); plot(om/pi,m); ylabel('Gain in dB'); xlabel('Normalised frequency'); subplot(2,1,2); plot(om/pi,an); ylabel('Phase in radians'); xlabel('Normalised frequency');

Output: Enter passband Enter stopband Enter passband Enter stopband Enter sampling

ripple in ripple in frequency frequency frequency

dB .05 dB.04 in Hz 1500 in Hz 2000 in Hz 9000

%FIR Highpass Filter Using Window method clear all close all rp= input('Enter passband ripple in dB'); rs=input('Enter stopband ripple in dB'); fp=input('Enter passband frequency in Hz'); fs=input('Enter stopband frequency in Hz'); f=input('enter sampling frequency in Hz'); wp=2*fp/f; ws=2*fs/f; num=-20*log10(sqrt(rp*rs))-13; den=14.6*(fs-fp)/f; n=ceil(num/den); n1=n+1; if (rem(n,2)~=0); n1=n; n=n-1; end y =boxcar(n1); b=fir1(n,wp,'high',y); [h,om]=freqz(b,1,256);

m=20*log10(abs(h)); an=angle(h); subplot(2,1,1); plot(om/pi,m); ylabel('Gain in dB'); xlabel('Normalised frequency'); subplot(2,1,2); plot(om/pi,an); ylabel('Phase in radians'); xlabel('Normalised frequency'); Output: Enter passband Enter stopband Enter passband Enter stopband Enter sampling ripple in ripple in frequency frequency frequency dB .05 dB.04 in Hz 1500 in Hz 2000 in Hz 9000

%generation of am signal close all clear all fm=20; fc=500; vm=1; vc=1; interval=0.001; t=0:0.00001:0.09999; f=0:1:9999; wc=2*pi*fc; wm=2*pi*fm; V1=vc+vm*sin(wm*t); V2=-(vc+vm*sin(wm*t)); Vm=vm*sin(wm*t); Vc=vc*sin(wc*t); Vam=(1+sin(wm*t)).*(sin(wc*t)); Vf=abs(fft(Vam,10000))/10000; subplot(3,1,3); plot(t,Vam); hold on; plot(t,V1,'r'),plot(t,V2,'r'); title('AM waveform time-domain'); xlabel('time'), ylabel('amplitude'); grid on; subplot(3,1,1); plot(t,Vm); title('AM modulating signal'); xlabel('time'), ylabel('amplitude'); grid on; subplot(3,1,2); plot(t, Vc); title('AM carrier signal');

xlabel('time'), ylabel('amplitude'); grid on; %generation of fm signal vc=1; vm=1; fm=250; fc=5000; m=10; t=0:0.00001:0.09999; f=0:10:99990; wc=2*pi*fc; wm=2*pi*fm; sc_t=vc*cos(wc*t); sm_t=vm*cos(wm*t); s_fm=vc*cos((wc*t)+10*sin(wm*t)); subplot(2,1,2); plot(t,s_fm); hold on; plot(t,sm_t,'r'); axis([0 0.01 -1.5 1.5]); xlabel('time(second)'),ylabel('amplitude'); title('FM time-domain'); grid on; subplot(2,1,1); plot(t,sm_t); axis([0 0.1 -1.5 1.5]); title('FM modulating signal'); %Genration of PWM clc; clear all; close all; t=0:0.001:1; s=sawtooth(2*pi*10*t+pi); m=.75*sin(2*pi*1*t); n=length(s); for i=1:n if(m(i)>=s(i)) pwm(i)=1; elseif(m(i)<=s(i)) pwm(i)=0; end end plot(t,pwm,'-k',t,m,'--r',t,s,'--b'); title('PWM ') axis([0 1 -1.5 1.5]);

Sincere Thanks To Mr. Vijeesh Vijayan, Ms. Deepa T K ECE Dept. KRGCE, Thuravoor