The space has four dimensions. A fourth dimension of space, it will be said, is the odd man out.

No, I reply, rather it is just the fourth wheel on the car, without which he would be of little use. The car needs a fourth wheel, in order to run, you will see that the fourth dimension to space provides the same benefits. I can go in front of course not hope to enforce the view of four dimensions of space with two classes of people, from those who believe nothing but what they see, and those who see nothing but what they believe. Among the first I understand the naturalist who rely only on their senses, among the latter the philosophers. The former, in order to investigate this matter thoroughly, only go the length of her room, then to the Cross. Two dimensions we have, they will say. Where is the same but the third?Since they are not used to set the view to the sky, with the exception of the astronomers who certainly always then judge him, but just to always wrong to see him about the nature of their telescope them the third dimension does not fall so easy a than the other two, and will give them the same existence may seem less acceptable from the outset. Meanwhile, they say, the case compels the body, they should be valid at least as a hypothesis, and finally they are Hinansteigens the hypothesis by means of a stepladder are confirmed. So there is a third dimension, but where would be the fourth? After you get nothing in the room then look around, they will go out into the open, to repeat the experiment in grerm scale, they will go straight, turn right, look on high, and be ready. They are the crystals, the plants, the animals, only with the naked eye, then choose the microscopes, a fourth dimension, then anatomieren to inwardly to look after then cause the government to send out a North Pole expedition then, finally house with possible avoidance the known dimensions can be built to gain pure observations about the unknown. After all these ways proved fruitless, they will say satisfied: there is no fourth dimension, as some have said, for similar reasons: there is no God. Well, the philosophers will do it differently. Instead of the former in the things that they want to study really go around and look around in it, they will rather be possible to withdraw it and refrain, believing, best to get that behind the nature of things that they him turn back, and the safest to avoid the contradiction with reality in that they do not care about the same thing. They will measure everything accordingly, weigh, anatomieren, observe carefully avoid to put in her chair, and now expect that the pure concept of space to try them. He comes.But as he wishes to enter, it stops at the bouncer and says: my Lord never has more than three, what is more remains outside. The room since his essence is everywhere even want to find space, but also like to find a place in the mind of the philosopher, therefore, even supposing he had four dimensions, the fourth can be there, and will be admitted. The philosopher counts: it is true, he says, the term is triune God is threefold, man is threefold, and the room is threefold. There is no number in the world than the three, the one itself consists merely of three thirds, so also always falls back into those. One of the three

thirds is equal to the second power of three, so the same nine, equal to eighty-nine to the same conclusion, one that is equal to any power of three. Amazed at how quickly he comes forward in this way, he develops from here the principles of the absolutely true, pure, higher mathematics, and by finding enough to do to refute Newton and Gauss, which remain rigid like that one equals one was, he forgets about time and space so completely that they know nothing better to do than to forget it again. In short, these two sides of a fourth dimension of space hardly ever find recognition. More could be part of those hoping that all relate to the practical benefits when we showed them what to Everything with a dimension of space would align more. How to oppress the people and how little the country reaches out to nourish it comfortably now. If we had one more dimension, then the fields would not only stretch in width, but also rich in the air, and out of the squares of the revenue would be at least a cube of income. Of course, the sky, which is now in the direction of the third dimension on us would be moved into the fourth, where he already is for most people anyway. Now you did not have to go far to emigrate to Everything you needed and wanted to seek out bread, money, happiness, freedom, equality, but everything you could look for in the new fourth dimension, which of course then just as equal would address on each head, as now the third. All existing castles in the air would then turn into real locks, and it would always still be allowed to build new castles in the air in the higher regions of the fourth dimension, but because some people even can not live otherwise than in air locks. I do not see, in fact, why the people to whom you have so often told of this fourth dimension under different names, should cease at once to believe it, even now when you call the thing by its right name. The use of the fourth dimension is so large and obvious that no reason why you should decide not to accept the same is just as good as the adoption of so many others, which promised far less and yet just because of what it promised, it was believed. Where to Get The fourth dimension is a thing in itself and not in the least diminished the benefit that one can expect to obtain and Gentile. The most comfortable will be in any case, to make the old three dimensions themselves, so basically, as the fourth dimension of blessing terms only, it would be best to eliminate the old three by using this fully to ensure that the fourth to make the single. Even a single dimension has great practical advantages. One need not look there, but always starts running on a target. Is only a first offense given, so everything must go in the direction of common progress, and no one can provide more indolent aside. The general freedom is achieved in the simplest, because everyone can do what he wants because he can only want one thing, follow the only direction there. The general equality is also there, because there is now no difference of more thick and thin, because everything is as thin as possible. Undisputed that all the friends of progress, freedom and equality in this world are of a dimension to recognize their ideal. Meanwhile, there should be other, where the old three dimensions with its

comfortable width and thickness that occur in spite of all imperfections, even at the same sake, but will be better than the new dimension of pure progress for the better. Even the fact that they have space in three dimensions, the men of that unconditional progress to go out of the way, they will not strike low. Above all, it will terrify the consideration where in the world because of her stomach to find a dimension space, and how thin until the sausages have to be when the whole pig has only the thickness of a mathematical line. Also, there is little comfort them when they are told that in the wide progress ever had neither time nor rest to dinner anyway so it could not come to a thick belly. But I'll take those with leaving their three dimensions, a fourth to do so, they should once again make serious faces. There's always something new, they will say, and what the end is not in sight. Let's stick to our good old three dimensions in which we are born and brought up, and there is already too much of the new day.However, I hope to win them by promising to restore them from the new dimension of the old braids that were cut off during the French Revolution at the same time with the heads, the heads will be less but to do them. I also remind them of the benefits of a stomach of four dimensions. So I think to get this worthy class entirely on my side. The men of progress but we run. Who I am sorry, in fact, provided to the three dimensions was to come a fourth, students who scare now if they are to rise from the level of Plaimetrie on the mountain of solid geometry are: and now looks even more a geometry of four dimensions, a Pelion on Ossa before. What are the must have for perspective drawings, if it is valid to prove that the prism of four dimensions'll be broken down into four pyramids with the same content. Efficient surveyors but which are already crawled through every nook and cranny between the old dimensions, it will taste like a new food, even if you are doing them with brand new corners after they become the old sugar head scarf. Well, at least they like to keep their spherical trigonometry in the sphere of four dimensions ready, because now I will bring the fourth dimension equal. However, the way I want to help the search space to a fourth dimension is, intrinsically, namely the fact that initially I'll take one of his three him. Imagine a small colorful male, who in the camera obscura running around on the papers, since you have a being that exists in two dimensions. What prevents such a being to think alive. But we have seen earlier, that even makes us think a shadow man alive. That he is not here, we want to say again: it is enough to have done it once, but you can think it's located.Well, so far all seeing, hearing, heart and mind of a being existing only in two dimensions and only in these two dimensions would be decided, it would, of course, just as little can know something of a third dimension, as we, in only three dimensions of life, of a fourth. The experimenting shade or color male would just as running around on his face and looking in vain for the third dimension, just as vain microscopes and telescopes then span, as our naturalist after the fourth, it may still not rise to the views of the area, look away but only in the direction of the surface. And philosophizing shade males would, because its terms would form common ground in connection with his views, just as little can go beyond the two as our philosopher of the three. Both would keep it so impossible that a third dimension

exists that can move a point by more than two to one another perpendicular line. They did not know absolutely where they should attach the third. Yet this third dimension exists. It exists for us who just live even in three dimensions. We are just colors and shadows males in three dimensions instead of two. We see that in the two is no cessation, except for creatures that stop even in the two, it is not clear why the three should be a cessation, except for beings who just also stop itself in three. Around the world should not be able to count on three? It is also not the slightest reason as to why they should stop at three, and so I close according to the law of sufficient reason, that it really does not stop there. You think about it: the third dimension by a hair because looks different than the second and first? But when this was no greater art than to create the first and second third, so no larger art is to belong, to create than the second and third fourth and fifth. Where does the nature otherwise continue on a beginning, unless you lacking the force. However, the third dimension is not shorter than the other two. You see, if only we have the fourth dimension, we have immediately the fifth, sixth, seventh, to the most infinite dimension, we can truly revel in dimensions, they fabricate as pins, expand their rafters, as far as we want. Else seemed to us a dimension of a strange thing, and now the dimensions are dirt cheap rate, and if you are used throughout Bavaria at any hop-pole, and in Austria at any turnpike, and Russia to each Knut knitting a new dimension: it would not matter to as much new missing. The philosophers of course will say: we philosophers are the brains of the world, is in our head, the highest of all, nothing about the three, as it is already sufficiently proved that goes beyond anything about the three in the world. But I think the world for a large hen, and all the philosophy of the philosophers is only a wind-egg. Well known, the egg will always be smarter than the hen, but the hen because surely wiser than the egg so lies in the fact that the egg can only count to three, the best proof that the hen can still continue counting. Meanwhile, who is not a philosopher, might say: the three is always a nice round number, it would be possible that the space the saying, all good things must be three, learned in his youth and, therefore, as he made it to the would have brought the third dimension, the raw instinct to go further tamed, the people as a good example that should also be tamed itself. But this is a circular observation, because in the space of four dimensions, the saying is, of course, read: all good things must be four, and in the space of five dimensions: all good things have five fine. By the way we want to be frugal, and keep us provisionally only to the fourth dimension, we have as good as in her hand, and let the tens or hundreds of flying on the roof for it. Can you me now refute not, they will say it needs no refutation, the evidence with the shadow and light male shadow and fallacies, show us only 1 / 100 line of the fourth dimension, and we'll want a hundred miles or all you want to admit. Well, that man did not buy all the cat in the sack, but at least want to see a Endchen their tail, is cheap, although I probably could counter the philosopher: a pig in a poke

is still better than the bag without a cat, they want to sell to people, and naturalists, but it is best to take the cat in the sack, because if we were to let them out, they would probably escape. However, to do my best, I look back at the colors males in two dimensions, I know to grab the third only in two dimensions, so it must be so, then the easier to grab the fourth in three. Again, this is only a particular application of the method always used with fruit, what you can not see in three dimensions in reality, in two dimensions, ie to look at the paper and find. And lo and behold, it works. To the point: I take the area where my ticket males is located, and run it through the third dimension through, the bill males experiencing everything that is in this third dimension, it is even by coming to other light spaces where the assign different rays and color, even change herewith and may look to the end of the road pale and wrinkled, while it looked red to the beginning of the path and smooth. Of course, the male has to be never a piece of the third dimension at a time and therefore still believes in every moment only in its two dimensions, it is bordered by the whole movement just the time element and the continuous change on the right. But in fact it traverses but the third dimension, and all that is in it. Accordingly, the male says: there is a time and in the time changes everything, even myself Well, let's also say there's a time and in time everything changes, even we ourselves So what is the reason for? The movement of our space of three dimensions through the fourth movement of which we are but also just the time element and the change which takes place perceive. Nothing is basically a simple and natural: our world of three dimensions is a tremendous ball that falls into a lot of separate spheres. Each of these runs, so the large Urkugel will probably also run, but where should they hinlaufen if it were not for a fourth dimension? By itself but running through this fourth dimension, of course all the balls run into her, and everything that lives on these balls and weaves through the fourth dimension through. Diess opened the way for us to beautiful reflections. Actually, everything we are experiencing already there, and what we have experienced is still there, and our area of three dimensions, as it now prevents nothing to speak of such in relation to the body space of four dimensions, is only that already through and through this not yet. So, for example, the human child to the beginning to the end of an old man, in the middle man, you have to imagine it erstrecke in the direction of the fourth dimension, a long bar inside, as at the commencement of a child to the end old man, is designed as a man in the middle, from which beams always cut the three dimensions in the progression as much as every moment goes into it, which then gives the people living in this moment. In order to clarify the law, you think of how many places, the little cute mosaic are manufactured, which are used ufw to Zierrath to breast pins, rings. One first cemented long colored pencils together in a reasonable order and cuts the rods thus obtained in transverse slices, which are obtained from a pole effortlessly a lot of the same crafted mosaic. Similarly, a new person from the life bar of the people in every moment by

the progressive section of the three-dimensional cut, and the only difference is in the two circumstances that in the mosaic, the cut surface only two, here is threedimensional, and that the following section, each person here a little would be different than that of the former, while the figure in the mosaic always repeats itself exactly. now nothing would prevent, even with these in the first cut the figure of a child, to get the last of an old man, if instead of uniformly continuous such pins, which changed the course of their length suitable end to apply. The previous promises practically very useful consequences if only a means discovered the life bar of the people through cross-sections into slices or short cylinder to divide and to sit next to each other, rather than that they were previously in extension after the other, then could an army cut by soldiers from a single man and would now by the whole army is not merely uniform skirts, but also uniform faces, the last just a little older than the first, have, and watched it, besides, the wisdom einzuexerzieren the rod soldiers before the cutting, one would also immediately after cutting have a very uniform einexerziertes Army, which by the way is there any reason, just as the officers to be cut from a peculiar rod, as already happening now. Of course, every soldier would live only a short time, far he still could only extend a fraction of the entire life span of a person in the time dimension, but what that does to soldiers who are just there anyway to be shot dead to make new human space and they would serve their purpose faster that way. An equally important application of this invention would be to us all that the art of printing would be spared herewith. Each book, what an author writes, in fact extended also bar-shaped into the fourth dimension, since it not the same when it's written, the author disappears from the earth. After previous example but we can cut any number of copies of it, which, moreover, all the merit of the original manuscript of the author. Of course, each of these copies will last only a short time back, but what that does for books that are already there only to write new books after that, they would serve their purpose, to make this place more quickly just like that. I would recommend accordingly to provide a price task related to this subject. Of course, you would solve No, but what does being the price at tasks that are not there anyway, solved, but only made to make new place. But now comes something Stranger: namely, that we save with the movement of the surface of three dimensions through the fourth ourselves all own motion. There is then no more movement in this world. To win this beautiful set, and hereby eternal rest, which indeed always been the pursuit of all the saints, you will of course have to put up a spiritual motion before. O In the middle of a white paper, which AoA is an average through the middle, see a red and a yellow beam of light, or rather the same light beam on, the red or vertically, the yellowabove directed obliquely against the paper,

as both bars are where they are together on paper, in 0 , an orange stain produce, as the confluence of a red and yellow spot, but from then on separate. Now, the paper continues to move perpendicular to the red beam, so that, for example, to the position A 'A' will, as a red spot is r appear to continues going to rest in the center of the paper, even though the paper in progress always new places of the red bar cuts, a yellow spot g but, always side come to lie more and more of the red spot, which he first collapsed, remove, seem short to ignore travel over the paper, whatever but all the yellow bar just as stiff and strong stops in front of the paper, as the red. It's all in the skewness of the yellow bar and the movement of the paper more skewed the yellow bar is directed against the paper, the next will be at a given movement of the paper, the yellow stain from red to remove, so the sooner appear its own motion. Of course, if something seems to be moving into our three dimensions, and this is due now just so that the beams, it extends into the space of four out wrong, is directed against the three dimensions, and therefore the progress underway the area of three dimensions of this always cuts elsewhere. More skewed, the faster the movement seems. Is the curvilinear motion, the only stirred ago by a crooked shape of the beam. This now leads to new considerations fertile. First place, we see that the mathematician now no longer has any reason to complain about the growth of the work, making him the fourth dimension, because it it the whole theory of motion is spared. Everything is as it is and the Urgang the world he does not need to be calculated, this is always continuing his line.To calculate the shapes of space with four dimensions, he simply needed its variable t as a fourth spatial coordinate considered. The naturalist on the other hand wins new beautiful nature views. To mention only one fleeting. We see a planet going around in circles run. So this is due merely to the fact that the planet is spiral or korkzieherfrmig extends into the space of four. By now, the area of three, where the planet is at any moment, through this barred spiral equally passes through, as before, the area of twos through the light beam, it does indeed look as if would run the planet in her round and round. Thus, it is evident that the universe really only be considered as a large greenhouse with spiral fibers, and the entire astronomy is only a microscopic part of botany. But most important are the implications for the practical. Only now the man is quite clearly how he wins nothing, with all its liming and running, and he is not basically from the spot, and therefore already in the Bible, and running does not help

to be fast. He gains nothing more so than that he is somewhat oblique, and a man who is crooked, makes himself merely by a screw. All concern now saves the people. All bread is baked the people already know what he will eat, he does not even opening the mouth to eat it, he finds him already opened when the course of the world has led him up to that point, and a little further and shut again. The Brausche that will beat someone is actually already hit the front of his bar extension, and a little further and healed again, in between the pavement. The money, which will take Someone who is already listed there, and will only be painted in Strike of the three dimensions, and if the Jew is now running for the sake of a penny from house to house: he can be sure that if this penny not already forward is in his bag, all races and running will take him only byway.In short, man can carry the most comfortable future life of the world, he always comes to where he has come. Now only one question remains to be solved left where it wants but with all the movement in the direction of the fourth dimension beyond. You can also set up two hypotheses, after which one of all that we are led to the most natural ways of meeting that man has ever hoped from the future, namely a general resurrection of the dead, a rejuvenation of our body, the paradise and the return in God, the Jews go all go to Abraham's bosom, to a life with a totally new way of being, which can be regarded as the complement of the current in all respects and in which the most righteous retribution instead has that can be thought at all. What can you really still want more? However, I get it, that man by his usual immodest way, if he only that is certainly seen in mind what he has so far just wish or doubt hoping will begin to want more, or do something else, so it is always good is still willing to have another hypothesis to satisfy itself that immodest. Every now see to themselves. First, I would point out that almost all movements in nature are reciprocally. The pendulum swings back and again, the string vibrates every now and then, the ether in light swings back and again, the man also runs every now and then, so each For leg swings back and back again. It appears from the outset more than likely that the movement of the world will decline by a certain time again. So that everything has already happened, will happen again in the reverse direction; especially since you would otherwise make the nature of the accusation that they would only pursue a unilateral direction, but two stand by while their bids. Each wheel that rolls forward, but can also roll backwards, and it's strange, because you always spoke from the wheel of time, that you have never thought of this backward movement. Suppose now that such begnne from a certain point of entering, Sun is clear that all of the graves open up and all the people that have ever died will be resurrected, and when someone's bones still lie so widely scattered, they will return to find a living body together, everyone will be younger day by day, there will be no more aging, but remain for life in rejuvenating, and finally each will return to his mother's womb, the mother will go the same, and so is always further behind each set of parents to collect their children and grandchildren again, the Jews including all correct return to the bosom of Abraham, until finally the whole seed of mankind find how together again in two sacks in Adam and Eve and will be brought back to

paradise also what Adam and Eve einkriechen again be transformed into a rib of Adam, but Adam taken by God and will be aggregated into a clod, which God will still receive all the earth and sea, sun and stars in his unit. During this retrograde world order now everyone is the same thing that he now made another, received from these again. The shoemaker is received by me exactly the same shoes again, he gives me now, and I will receive from him again the same money that I pay him now, the ox is received by the shoemaker, the leather again, which he delivered it, and the Man of the ox, the food, which he turned to him, and the field is the people get back the grain, which mowed this from him, and the man of the ground, the seed and fertilizer, he brought it. In short, no one can say that he get a hair more or less, or better or worse than he paid, since he receives precisely the same again, which corresponds to dispute the notion of justice in the most perfect manner. Hereby promised and hoped everything would be completely satisfied. However, as I said, the man is not satisfied, and now the perfect justice to him to be part of, is measured after each exactly with the extent to which he himself measured, rather they sought in the fact that he and a greater better dimensions would be judged, he get some number of other things, and better than he deserves, and since I myself am one of these immodest souls, so I'll leave the previous hypothesis, the men who want to already have the wheel of time running backwards, and keep me to the other hypothesis, in which I apologize that of an infinite progression, the one-sided direction, which thus falls prey to the world, but that it was just the direction of bad for the better. I can see already behind each being a whip, the same thing, like it or not, continue pushing in that direction, or it is not yet in it, into driving into it. So might probably the whole world be different itself with its four dimensions nothing more than a large four-legged creature is back driven away by such a whip, while front of the manger of eternal bliss is where her when she is tired, finally once comfortable rest and feast is, then what the big Fuhrmann raise the whip again and they will again drive a piece forward to a crib that is still full of eternal bliss. Now it is easy to see what you would lose if you wanted this animal cut one of its four legs, but at the same time you will understand why it has been overlooked in the fourth leg.Namely, because the animal has always lifted the progress of this leg, we think the earth standing beings, be it ever merely legged, and behold, when we look forward once in the raised legs merely a hint to the top while still collecting all much should serve it well below that go further. Subsequently in 1875 : Even Kant, which was not known to me at the time of writing this article (1846), discussed the possibility of more than three dimensions of space, not less, newer well-known mathematicians such as Riemann, Helmholtz, Klein on speculation been received. I also remember to have read in the display of a published some years ago, writing from Kirchmann, whose title I do not remember, that he disputed without knowledge of the previous article, the change in the world in a similar way as here happen, only with more philosophical seriousness, sought to replace it with a stock. Finally me from oral conversations with Prof. Dr. Publican a very ingenious way of explanation of miracles that appear as such in the space of

only three dimensions, by screwing games of forces from a fourth dimension, come to the knowledge of which is such that when the fact of this miracle turn could, is an empirical proof for the existence of a fourth dimension could be found, which he probably should even once in connexion general considerations, in which this idea has occurred comment.