GERUNDS & INFINITIVES

: ( danh ong t ) ( V + ING ) 1. Subject of a sentence (lm ch ng trong cu) Ex: Reading the story of Kieu is interesting . 2. Complement of To Be after Subject of Thing + To Be (lm b ng ca ng t to be sau ch ng l vt) Ex : My hobby is fishing . 3. After Prepositions (sau gii t) Ex : She is interested in learning English . 4. After some verbs : Verbs + Gerund Admit (tha nhn, cong nhn), avoid ( tranh, ne), appreciate (nh gi cao), defer /

I.

GERUND

delay /postpone/ put off (tr hoan, nh li), deny( choi), detest/ dislike( khong thch,khong a), discuss (tho lun), consider( xem xet, cu xet), enjoy (thng thc, hng), escape (trn thot), finish (hoan tat, lam xong), give up/ quit: t bo, thoi), imagine (tng tng), keep( gi), not mind ( khong phien), miss (l), practise ( thc hanh), suggest( e ngh), prevent (ngn chn/ cn), cant help( khong the ngan can), cant stand (khong the chu ng c), can't help (khng th ngn cn )resit (thi li), resist (khng c li, chng li), cease (ngng, ng) .etc. I always avoid making noise in class. I dont mind doing a lot of homework. Have you finished writing the report ? He cant stand working ten hours a day. Anne practised playing the piano at an When did you give up smoking, Bill ? early age
5. VERB+PREPOSITIONS + GERUND : ong t theo sau gii t thng dung

dang Gerund. Approve of ( chap thuan, tan ong), argue about ( tranh cai ve), complain about ( than phien, phan nan ve), concentrate on ( tap trung vao), depend on ( tuy thuoc vao), decide on ( quyet nh ve), feel like ( cam thay thch, thien ve), forget about ( quen ve). Look forward to ( trong mong, ngong), insist on ( nai n), keep on ( c tiep tuc), object to ( phan oi ve), plan on ( d tnh ve), rely on ( tin vao, da vao), succeed in ( thanh cong trong viec), think about
( ngh ve), worry about ( lo ngh ve, lo lang ve).

Im interested in listening to music on the radio. Hes bored with staying at home day after day. Some people are afraid of driving in rush hours.

Many overweight people try to lose weight by going on a diet. Dont forget to turn off the gas before going out

6. ADJECTIVE + PREPOSITION + GERUND: Cac tnh t i kem gii t c theo sau bi Gerund. Accustomed to ( quen vi), afraid of ( lo s, e s ve), ashamed of ( xau ho ve), capable of ( co kha nang, co the ) bored with ( chan vi), disappointed in / with ( that vong ve), fond of ( thch ve), hopeful of ( hy vong ve), intent on ( eo uoi, cham chu ve), interested in ( quan tam ve), opposed to ( chong oi vi),proud of ( hanh dien ve), responsible for ( co trach nhiem ve), sorry about ( an han ve), successful in ( thanh cong trong), surprised at ( ngac nhien ve), tired from ( met nhoc v), tired
of ( chan vi), worried about ( lo lang ve.).used to ( quen vi).

Police soon get accustomed to arresting criminals. Are you capable of completing the work within an hour ?

The driver was intent on passing the other car. The treasurer is responsible for keeping the books

Eli Whitney is famous for inventing the cotton gin

7. After some Verbs + Object Combinations Ex: We saw the thief entering the house. Or He spent five hours doing his task. 8. In some other structures : Its no good / use, there is no point, whats the point of, what about , be worth, be busy, look forward to, be used to / be accustomed to / get used to, cant help, cant bear, cant stand It is no use saying that I am used to getting up early.

II.
1. 2.

THE INFINITIVE ( TO + VERB )

Verbs + to - Infinitive

Subject of the sentence ( Chu t cua cau ) Ex : To help her is my duty.

Agree ( ong y,nhat tr), afford, appear ( xuat hien), arrange( sap xep,thu xep), attempt( co gang), ask ( oi hoi,yeu cau), choose ( chon, la), decide ( quyet nh), demand ( ra lenh), expect ( mong,trong ngong), fail ( hong,khong thanh cong,(thi) rt), happen (xay ra) , hope ( hy vong), learn ( hay tin), manage ( xoay s, t lo c), offer ( dang ,tang), plan ( ke hoach, d tnh), pretend ( gia v), promise (ha hen), refuse ( t choi), seem ( co ve nh, dng nh), threaten ( e doa), want, wish ( ao c), would like ( muon), intend (d nh), tend
(c xu hng), claim (tuyn b, khng nh), desire (m c, mong mun), hope, hesitate (do d, ngp ngng) etc.

I decide to study engineering at University Shes expecting to get a reply from the company. Do you agree to join us for the holyday ?
Mary learned to swim when she was young

We cant afford to build a new house. Bob refused to lend me his car.
You manage to get some tickets for the pop concert on Saturday.

3. verbs + O + to - ninitive want, ask, tell, request (yu cu), order (sai phi), beg (van xin), remind (nhc nh), invite (mi), advise (khuyn), warn (cnh bo), promise (ha), encourage (khuyn khch) He tells me to send this letter. The teacher encouraged Lan to join English club.

4. be/ look/ seem/ feel + ADJECTIVE + TO infinitive: Afraid ( s, e s ), ashamed ( xau ho ), considerate ( te nh ), disappointed ( that vong ), eager ( ham h), foolish ( ien ro), fortunate ( may man, hen ), happy ( sung sng ), lucky ( may man ), pleased ( hai long), proud ( hanh dien), qualified ( co u t cach ), ready ( san sang), sorry ( an han) surprised ( ngac
nhien), angry(gin d ), prepared (c chun b), glad (vui mng), proud (t ho)

Im afraid to drive alone at night. Were you disappointed not to win the race ? The actress seems eager to go on stage. The parents are proud to have a healthy child.
5. After the verb TO BE Ex : We are to pass the next exam.

Citizens ought to feel lucky to be able to vote. He was not at all surprised to hear the news. Im looking for someone qualified to type a thesis.
The party is ready to serve. I'm glad to see you again.

6.
infinitive )

My purpose is to win the next English competition. After Noun ( Infinitive of Purpose ) : TO / IN ORDER TO / SO AS TO + V(bare Ex : There are lots of things to do today. Ex : He studies hard so as to pass the entrance examination.

III.

BARE - INFINITIVE

1. After modal verbs: can, may, must, EX: I must go home now. 2. After had better, would rather, do nothing but. EX: He did nothing but complain about his life. Youd better stay at home today. 3. Make + O + V(bare-inf.) Let EX: The clowns made them laugh a lot last night.

IV.

VERB FOLLOWED BY EITHER INFINITIVE OR GERUNDS

Without changing in meaning : Start ( bat au, khi ong), begin ( bat au), continue ( tiep tuc), intend ( tnh, d nh), like, love, hate ( ghet), prefer (thch hn, a hn).
It began to rain when I went to school.

When did you start learning English ? It began raining heavily. Does Pam continue writing to you ? He intended making a film for children Stop doing st Stop to do st try doing st try to do st forget/ remember doing st forget/remem ber to do st regret doing st regret to do st need to do st need doing st =need to be done go on doing = to continue
doing st

It began raining when I went to school or

When did you start to learn English ?

VERBS + GERUND or INFINITIVE ( Cho y ngha khac nhau ):

dng vic g li dng lm g th c gng qun/nh lm g (V

xy ra trc remember, forget, regret)

He stopped smoking three years ago. ( He doesnt smoke any more now.) He stopped to smoke a cigarette. ( He stopped working in order to smoke ). You should try taking these tablets, ( try = th ) You should try to study harder. ( try = co gang ) I remember sending a postcard to my parents yesterday.
He remembers meeting you when he was in France. ( He met you).

qun / nh lm g( To-inf xy ra sau remember, forget, regret) tic lm g ly lm tic phi lm g cn lm g (ngha ch ng) cn c lm g (ngha b ng) tip tc lm vic g tip tc lm cng vic

Don't forget to wash the dishes.

Remember to sent me a letter when you arrive in Ho Chi Minh city. ( you will send.)
She regretted not coming your birthday party. So she felt bored

I regret to inform you that you've failed your exam. You need to practise English every day. ( = You have to practise English every day). Your shirt needs washing .It smells. ( = Your shirt needs to be washed ). The teacher introduced herself and went on to explain the course. The teacher told everyone to be quiet, but

go on to do

like doing like to do

tip theo (vic khc) s thch lu di

thch v ngh rng n tt, thch nht thi

they just went on talking.

I like fishing I like to do my job well.

Notes: would like + to- inf; feel like + V-ing (c c ) = wish for ALLOW, PERMIT, ADVISE, RECOMMEND Allow = permit V-ing + Advise = recommend O + to-inf. I permit you to go out. I permit going out see. smell, notice, observe, taste, feel, overhear, hear, watch + O + Verb: khi chng kin ton b s vic see. smell, notice, observe, taste, feel, overhear, hear, watch + O + Verb - ing: khi chng kin mt phn s vic ang din ra I saw someone get into Tom's house yesterday. She heard him playing guitar. It's really great, but she must go away.

Exercises on INFINITIVE AND GERUND I. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form : GERUND or INFINITIVE .( In some sentences, both forms are correct ). 1. Im not in a hurry. I dont mind.( wait ) for you. 2. My father gave up .( smoke ) three years ago. 3. Would you mind ..( keep ) silent ? Im trying ( study ). 4. I always try to avoid( borrow ) money from my friends. 5. The traffic was very heavy this morning, but I managed .. ( get ) to school on time. 6. Could you please stop .( make ) so much noise ? 7. Ive put off ( write ) the letter so many times. I really must do it today. 8. Sarah gave up ( try ) to find a job in this country and decided( go ) abroad. 9. You cant stop me ..( do ) what I want. 10. They dont have much money. They cant afford( go ) out very often. 11. My mother cant stand( stay ) at home without doing anything. 12. How long have you been able(swim), John ? 13. You must promise.( not / be ) late again. 14. When I saw her in that funny hat, I couldnt help( laugh). 15. They refused..( lend ) him the money although he needed it badly. 16. Please, dont forget( post ) the letter for me today ! Its urgent. 26. However, she did not plan( be ) a secretary all her life. 27. But she couldnt imagine..( do ) the same job for years and years. 28. The only thing that prevented her from.( study ) law was a lack of time and money. 29. She often remembered ..( talk ) to her father before he became ill. 30. You must remember ( buy ) some sugar. We havent got any now. 31. Did you remember..( post ) the letter for me this morning ? 32. Dont forget..( wake ) me up before six oclock tomorrow. 33. I am looking forward to (see) you. 34. He is tired of ( walk ) to school. 35. I arranged (meet) them here. 36. He urged us (work) faster. 37. I wish (see) the manager. 38. It's no use (wait). 39. He warned her (not touch) the wire. 40. Don't forget (lock) the door before (go) to bed. 41. My mother told me (not speak) to anyone about it. 42. He tried (explain) but she refused (listen). 43. At dinner she annoyed me by (smoke) between the courses. 44. You are expected (know) the safety regulations of the college. 45. That was a very strange question (ask)

46. It was very kind of you (show) the way. 47. I overheard him (say) that he didnt want to learn Math. 48. I dont remember (tell) ............................ of the decision to change the company policy on vacations. 49. Ms Drake expects (consult) .............................. about any revisions in her manuscript before it is printed. 50. Tommy admitted (throw) ...................... the rock through the window. 51. Most people enjoy (travel) ........................... to different parts of the world. 52. May I change the TV channel, or do you want (watch) ....................... more of this programme? 53. That was a very strange question (ask) ........................... . 54. It was very kind of you (show)................................. the way. 55. The teacher let him (stay) ..................... at home to finish the assignment. 56. It was quite a surprise (see) .............................. him again. 57. I overheard him (say) ..................... that he didnt want to learn Math. 58. She stood there and watched him (drive) ............................. away. 59. It was very difficult for her (drive)............................ the motorbike. 60. I could feel the robber (come) ............................. from the backdoor. 61. It is easy (see) ......................... animals on the road in daylight. 62. I asked him (explain) ..................... but he refused (say) ..................... any thing. 63. It is pleasant (sit) ........................... by the fire at night. 64. There was no way of (get) ................ out of the building except by (climb) ............ down a rope. 65. Its no good (write) .......................... to him; he never answers letters. 66. Ask him (come) ............................... in. Dont keep him (stand) .......................... at the door. 67. We watched the children (jump) ..... from a window and (fall) .......... into a blanket held by people below. 68. It is very pleasant (wake) ............... up and (hear) .............. the rain (beat) ................ on the windows. 69. They denied..the money. ( steal ) 70. I cant affordout tonight. I havent got enough money. ( go ) 71. Can you remind me..some coffee when we go out ? ( buy ) 72. Please stop.me questions! ( ask ) 73. I refuseany more questions. ( answer ) 74. One of the boys admittedthe window. ( break ) 75. The boys father promisedfor the window to be repaired. ( pay ) 76. Ann was having dinner when the phone rang. She didnt answer the phone, she just carried on (eat) 77. How did the thief get into the house ? I forgot..the window. ( shut ) II. Complete each sentence with one of these verbs: Answer apply be listen make see try use wash work write 41. He tried to avoid my question. 42. Could you please stop so much noise ? 43. I enjoyto music. 44. I consideredfor the job but in the end I decided against it. 45. Have you finishedyour hair yet ? 46. If you walk into the road without looking, you risk . knocked down. 47. Jim is 65 but he isnt going to retire yet. He wants to carry on.

48. I dont mind youthe phone as long as you pay for all your calls. 49. Hello ! Fancy.you here ! What a surprise ! 50. Ive put off..the letter so many times. I really must do it today. 51. What a stupid thing to do ! Can you imagine anybody..so stupid ? 52. Sarah gave upto find a job in this country and decided to go abroad. III. Rewrite the following sentences , using the given words in brackets 69. They arrived home late. ( he saw ) => 70. . She didnt want to stay there fore the weekend. ( They made her ) => 71. . The teacher allowed me to stay at home to finish the assignment. ( The teacher let ) => 72. The boy ran away from the house. ( She noticed ) => 73. He said that he didnt want to learn Math. ( I overhear ) => 74. . The policeman told the thief to empty his pockets. ( The police made ) => 75. He left the house early this morning. ( I heard ) => 76. He drove away. ( She stood there and watched ) => 77. The robber came from the back door. ( I could feel ) => 78.. May be the school will ask me to pay some extra money. ( Do you think the school will make ) => IV. Build a complete sentence with the given words 79. I/look forward/receive/letter/ now.=> 80. we/not mind/wait/more minutes.=> 81. children/busy/collect/shells/beach.=> 82. He/ask/us/help/him/do/thewashing up/yesterday. => 83. Her mother/force/her/marry/to that man.=> V. Reported speech with infinitive and gerund 84. shut the door ,Tom she said (told) 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. Dont believe everything you hear he said to me(advise) lend me your pen for a moment I said to Mary(ask) would you like to have lunch with me on Sunday?(invite) Will you help me ,please?she said(ask) you had better apologize for being latesaid my mother(advise) We will come back againthey said(promise) Keep quietthe teacher said to us(told) Youd better not swim too far from the shore,the lifeguard said to us(advise) could you close the windowJohn said to Peter(ask)

94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99.

you should join the football team ,Ericsaid the teacher(encourage) Ill give it to him tomorrowJohn said(promise) Id like Lan to become a doctormy mum said (want) Remember to lock the door before going to schoolmy sister said (remind) you should go home and take a restthe boss said(advise) you should not drink too much beer his wife said (advise)

100. Come and see me when you want he said to us(invite) 101. Please dont smoke in my room she said to them(ask) 102. Dont forget to give the book back to Joeher sister said to her(remind) 103. Ill never do it againshe said(promise) 104. All right ,I ll wait for you his friend said(agree) 105. Lets have a party this weekend he said(suggest) 106. I am sorry,I didnt phone you earlierMary said(apologize) 107. Its nice of you to help me,thankyouBob said(thank) 108. Im sorry,Im latePeter said(apologize) 109. Yes ,ok .Ill lend you my carPeter said to Ann(agree) 110. Ill finish the work earlysaid the students(promise) 111. I wont help you with your homeworkJane said to me(refuse) 112. What about meeting on Sunday?Mark said to Jane(suggest) 113. Why dont you help her the teacher said to her student(suggest) 114. I cant go to your birthday party next Saturday evening,sorry Johnsaid Mary(apologize) 115. you should lose your weightthe doctor said to me(advise) 116. You wear a suit when you come to my partysaid Susan(insist) 117. The manager said to the worker you have done excellent work this month(congratulate) 118. you told a lie ,Tomshe said(accuse) 119. To tell the truth,I havent insured my carshe said(admit) VI. Write the following sentences in Reported Speech. 120. It was really kind of you to help me. Mary said to you. Mary thanked me........................................................................................ 121. Ill drive you to the airport. John said to Linda.. John insisted................................................................................................

122. You have passed the final exams. Congratulations! Jim said to you Jim congratulated me.................................................................................. 123. It was nice of you to invite me to the dinner. Thank you, Miss White said to Peter. Miss White thanked..................................................................................... 124. Dont play with the matches! I said to Jack. I warned....................................................................................................... 125. Im sorry I didnt phone you earlier, Margaret said to you. Margaret apologized................................................................................... 126. I have always wanted to be a pilot, Paul said to you. Paul has always dreamed of....................................................................... 127. You didnt do what I said, the mother said to her son. The mother accused..................................................................................... 128. You had better go to the doctor. He urged me......................................................................... 129. Youve got to lend me some money! He begged me................................................................. 130. Give me your homework. The teacher told us.............................................................. 131. Please, dont smoke in my car. He asked us.......................................................... 132. Ill buy you an ice-cream. My Dad promised........................................................................................ 133. Would you like to have a drink with me?" He invited me............................................................. 134. You should give up smoking. The doctor advised me............................................................................... 135. Dont shoot. The General ordered us............................................................................. VII. Choose the underlined part among A, B, C or D that needs correcting. 136. I couldnt make my car to start this morning. A B C D 137. Im sure he is incapable of run a mile in four minutes. A B C D 138. Good friendship should be based on mutual understand. A B C D 139. Im delighted hearing that you have made much progress in your study. A B C D 140. There is a lot of work doing here. A B C D 141. He was terribly excited to ask to play for Manchester. A B C D 142. He could not decide whether to get a job or studying. A B C D 143. I dislike being talk about everywhere. A B C D 144. He says that speak a foreign language always makes him nervous. A B C D 145. Were looking forward to see you again. A B C D 146. Id like buying some earrings like yours.

147. She smelt something burning and saw smoke rise. A B C D 148. I warned them not climb the mountain in such bad weather. A B C D 149. They voluntarily spent their vacations to teach illiterate people to read & write. A B C D 150. You can congratulate yourself about having done an excellent job. A B C D 151. Peter apologized for break the vase. A B C D 152. He insisted on seeing the manager tomorrow. A B C D VIII. Choose the best answer to complete each sentence. 153. Some high school students take part in the handicapped. A. helping B. to help C. help D. being help 154. The mission of this society is community education for street children. A. to provide B. provide C. providing D. provided 155. Shy people often find it ........................ to take part in group discussions. A. difficult B. difficulty C. difficultly D. be difficult 156. I am unable......................... to the meeting on Monday evening, please apologise for my absence. A. to come B. come C. coming D. to be come 157. ....................... it several times, he didnt want to read it once again. A. Reading B. To read C. To have read D. Having read 158. ......................... that he was poor, I offered to pay his fare. A. Knowing B. Known C. Knew D. Having knew 159. ....................... photographs of the place, I had no desire to go there. A. Seeing B. Seen C. Saw D. Having seen 160. I hate ....................... a child ........................ . A. see/ crying B. see/ cry C. seeing/ to cry D. seeing/ cry 161. I notice the lorry ........................ down the hill. A. to come B. came C. coming D. having come 162. I observed a blue car ...................... very fast towards the motorway. A. having driven B. driven C. driving D. to drive 163. They left the restaurant, ......................... two hours over lunch. A. spending B. spent C. after spend D. having spent 164. The police accused him of..................... fire to the building but he denied ....................... in the area on the night of the fire. A. setting/ being B. setting/ having been C. set/ be D. having set/ having been 165. Someone told us ........................... sit on the stairs. A. dont B. not C. not to D. to not B. I reminded David to ring me D. You promised to ring me B. stop smoking 166. Dont forget to ring me A. I advised David to ring me C. I offered to be run A. stop smoke

167. The doctor advised him ......................... and to take up some sport.

C. to stop smoking A. come appointment. A. you to call them C. you calling them A. them to please not to smoke C. 171. A. 172. A. 173. A. 174. A. 175. A. 176. A. 177. A. 178. A. B. comes

D. to stop to smoke C. came D. to come

168. I have told him never ........... to buy some potatoes on the way home. 169. Professional people expect ................... when it is necessary to cancel an B. that you would call them D. that you are calling them B. that they should not smoke

170. The conductor asked ......................... in the bus. them not to smoke D. them not to smoke Id rather ........................... at home. to stay B. staying C. stayed D. stay They noticed him .......................... the agreement. sign B. to sign C. signing D. signed Jack admitted ....................... the money. steal B. to steal C. stealing D. stolen Dont ......................... him to arrive early. Hes always late. think B. judge C. hope D. expect I wouldnt ..................... of going to the party I hadnt been invited to. dream B. intend C. depend D. rely The instructor warned the students ............ sailing alone on the lake. on B. for C. of D. against Her mother prevented her ..................... going out tonight. against B. from C. about D. at I apologized ........................ the book at home. for leaving B. to leaving C. leaving D. to leave