Chapter 2 2.1 1.

Blood Circulation and Transport

Understanding the transport system in human Label the diagram of the heart by using the words given below. Left ventricle Tricuspid valve Right ventricle Pulmonary artery Left atrium Vena cava Right atrium Semilunar valves Pulmonary vein Bicuspid valve Aorta

2.

Three types of valve in the heart. Type of valve Function

Tricuspid

Bicuspid

Semilunar

3.

Blood vessels are tube in the body that channel blood. Four blood vessels are connected to the heart.

Type of blood vessel

Function

Vena cava

Pulmonary artery

Pulmonary vein

Aorta

4.

Complete the table below to shows the comparison between the atriums and the ventricle. Atriums Characteristics Ventricles

Function

Wall Space

1. Complete the flow chart below to show how blood circulates from the vena cava through the heart, to all parts of the body.

All parts of the body

Lungs

Key:

Blood vessel chamber

valve

Heart

a)

Compare the blood vessel in the human body Blood capillary Artery Vein

Structure

Function Type of blood carried Rate of blood flow

Thickness

of wall

Lumen size
Existence

of valve Blood pressure

2.

b) Name the type of blood vessel J,K and L and type of blood M and N in the following diagram.

3 Figure below shows the blood circulation.

a) Label the blood circulation T and U in the diagram. b) Name the blood vessel i) ii) iii) iv) P: Q: R: S:

4. Comparison between oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood Oxygenated blood Deoxygenated blood

Difference

Oxygen

Carbon dioxide

The concentration of digested food (like glucose and amino acid)

Waste products

Blood vessel that carries it

Deoxygenated blood has to be carried to the lungs to change it into oxygenated blood

2.2 HUMAN BLOOD 1. Human blood consists of two components:

(a) plasma (55%) (b) blood cells (45%) Nutrient Hormones Heat Inorganic ions Plasma (55%) Dissolved gases Waste products Blood cell (455%) Red blood cells (Erythrocytes) White blood cell (Leucocytes) Platelets (Thrombocytes)

2. Write the functions of blood in the following diagram.

FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD

3. Comparing red blood cells, white blood cells abd platelets Characteristics Red blood cells White blood cell Platelets

Diagram

Shape

No fixed shape

Function

Help blood clot

Presence of nucleus

Place of production

Presence of heamoglobin

Presence of cytoplasm

Life span 4. Complate the chart below Blood group Can donate blood to Can receive blood from

2 B

AB

AB

5. If the donors blood and the recipients blood are not compatible, what will happen to the blood and what are the effects? Donors blood Recipients blood

Are not compatible What will happen to the blood?

.............................. may take place

Cause

Can be ...........................................

2.3 Transport system in plants a. Complete the following chart. TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN PLANT

Stomata

Xylem

Phloem

Function

Transpiration __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ _ The importance

Part

Monocotyledon plant

Dicotyledon plant

Affecting factors 1. 2. 3. 4. ACTIVITY 1 The apparatus in figure 1 was used in a science activity.

FIGURE 1 The following steps were carried out: Step 1 : Two similar hibiscus plants, about 25 cm tall, were selected. Step 2 : The plants were pulled out of the soil and the roots were washed to remove any remaining soil. Step 3 : The plants were trimmed until ten leaves were left on each plant. Step 4 : Each plant was placed in a measuring jug filled with water, and labelled F and G, as shown in the figure above. Step 5 : 10 ml of cooking oil was poured into each jug. Step 6 : A layer of grease was applied to the leaves in G. Step 7 : The plants were placed in the Sun for three hours. The initial and final water levels in both jugs were recorded in the table below. Plant F 75 ml 68 ml Plant G 75ml 75 ml

Initial water level Final water level

(a) Suggest a hypothesis for this experiment.

(b) What are the three variables that are kept constant in this experiment?

(c)

Name the variable that (i) is manipulated : (ii) responds :

(d) Name two processes in plants that require the uptake of water from the roots. (e) What conclusion can you draw from this experiment?

(f)

How is water transported in plants?

(g)

Describe the direction in which water is transported in plant

STRUCTURE QUESTIONS 1 Figure 4(a) shows two similar healthy plants in two different pots of the same

amount of soil and nutrients. The bark of one of the plants is removed, leaving a cut ring. Figure 4(b) shows the cut ring at the initial stage.

Figure 4(a)

Figure 4(b)

(a) Draw a diagram to show the final result of the experiment. Indicate the results on the diagram clearly.

(b) What is the hypothesis of this experiment?

(c) Name the variables stated below: i. constant variable: ii. manipulated variable: iii. responding variable: (d) State the inference for the observation. (e) Make a conclusion for this experiment. (f) Predict the condition of the plant when left uncared for two months. 2 Figure 5 shows the apparatus set up for an experiment

(b) Figure 5 The experiment is set up with the following steps. 1. Set up the apparatus as shown in diagram 3 (a) 2. Weigh the apparatus and record its weight 3. Leave the apparatus on a table in a bright room. 4. Repeat step 1 but place the apparatus in a cupboard as shown in diagram 6 (b) in the same room. 5. The weights of the plants and the apparatus are taken hourly. The results of the experiment are shown in table 1 Time of the day 10 am 11 am 12 pm 1 pm 2 pm Weight of the plant and apparatus on a table in a bright room 600 g 590 g 580 g 570 g 560 g Table 1 a) What is the objective of the experiment? __________________________________________________________ Weight of the plant and apparatus place in a cupboard 600 g 595 g 590 g 585 g 580 g

b)

State the variables in the experiment i. ii. iii. Manipulated variable : ______________________________ Responding variable : ______________________________ Constant variable : ______________________________

c)

Based on the result, draw a bar chart to show the weight of the apparatus under different conditions.

d)

Calculate the rate of transpiration based on the result found in Table 1 What conclusion can be made from this experiment? _____________________________________________________________________

f)

State one hypothesis from the experiment. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________

g)

List two other factors which control the rate of transpiration. i. ii. ________________________________________ ________________________________________